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1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12
10 marks
C. Solanki
D. Pratihar
3. On the banks of which river did Vanraj Chavda build a new city?
A. Saraswati
B. Khari
C. Rupen
D.Banas
4.Which dynasty ruled over Gujarat after the decline of the Chavda dynasty ?
A. Vaghela
B. Solanki
C. Rathod
D. Chauhan
5. During whose rule did Kalikalsarvagnya Hemchandracharya?
A. Kumarpal
B. Siddhraj Jaysinh
C. Bhimdev Solanki
D. Mulraj Solanki
6. During whose rule did Anhilwad Patan come to be known as Vidhya Dham ?
A. Siddhraj Jaysinh
B. Kumarpal
C. Ajaypal
D. Mulraj Solanki
7. During the rule of which king was Gujarats prosperity at its peak?
A. Ajaypal
B. Bhimdev Solanki
C. Siddhraj Jaysinh
D. Kumarpal
8.How many kings of the Solanki Dynasty later renounced the crown and became hermits?
A. Seven
B. Four
C. Five
D. Six
9. In which city was Raniki Vav constructed?
A. Vadnagar
B. Patan
C. Junagadh
D. Vadodara
10. Who undertook the construction of Raniki vav ?
A. Rani Banumati
B. Queen mother {Rajmata} Minaldevi
C. Rani Udaymati
D.Rani Naikidevi
11. What is the number of storeys of Raniki Vav?
A. Seven
B. Nine
C. Six
D. Five
12. On whose suggestion were Malav lake in Dholka and Munsar lake in Viramgam constructed by
Siddhraj Jaysingh?
A. Rani Udaymati
B. Queen-mother {Rajmata} Minaldevi
C. Rani Rupmati
D. Siddhraj Jaisingh
13. In which city in Gujarat is Sahastraling Talav situated?
A. Patan
B. Junagadh
C. Ahmedabad
D. Vadnagar
C. Vadnagar
D. Modhera
20. Whre in Gujarat is the famous Kirti Toran situated?
A. Palitana
B. Mehsana
C. Vadnagar
D. Gandhinagar
21. Where is Vimalvashi temple situated?
A. Abu
B. Ambaji
C. Palitana
D. Junagadh
22. For how many years approximately did the Rajput dynasties rule over Gujarat in the Medieval
Period?
A. 450
B. 560
C. 650
D. 750
L-3
23. What type of government do we have in India?
A. Socialist
B. Presidential
C. Democratic
D. Dictatorship
24. Who ensures speedy and inexpensive delivery of justice?
A. Lok Adalats
B. Gram Panchayats
C. Nyaya Panchayats
D. Judges
2.
3.
D. Akbar
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
C. Jahangir
D. Aurangzeb
Which of the following Sikh Gurus was killed (beheaded) by Jahangir?
A. Guru Teg Bahadur
B. Guru Govindsingh
C. Guru Arjunsingh (Dev)
D. Guru Hargovindshah
Which Mughal emperor was well-versed in Arabian and persian languages?
A. Akbar
B. Jahangir
C. Shah jahan
D. Aurangzeb
Which Mughal emperor disliked art, music and paiting?
A. Jahangir
B. Babur
C. Akbar
D. Aurangzeb
Which Mughal emperor was fond of Painting?
A. Jahangir
B. Akbar
C. Babur
D. Aurangzeb
Whose reign is described as the Golden Age of the Mughal period?
A. Akbar
B. Shah Jahan
C. Jahangir
D. Aurangzeb
In which year was Shivaji born?
A. 1674 A.D.
B. 1630 A.D.
C. 1668 A.D.
D. 1642 A.D.
Where was Shivaji born?
A. Shivneri fort
B. Torana fort
C. Purandar fort
D. Bijapur
When was Shivaji coroated?
A. 1664 A.D.
B. 1668 A.D.
C. 1674 A.D.
D. 1630 A.D.
Where was Shivaji coronated?
A. Purandar
B. Shivneri
C. Raigadh
D. Torana
L-8
1. In which district is the Somnath Temple situated?
a. Porbander.
b. Bhavnagar. c. Junagarh.
d. Rajkot.
2. What is the number of Jyotirlings in India?
a. 4. b. 8. c. 15. d. 12.
3. On the banks of which river is the Dwarkadhish temple situated?
a. Bhadar. b. Gomti. c. Bhukhi.
d. Saraswati.
4. How many steps have you to climb to reach the Dwarkadhish?
a. 80
b. 108
c. 101
d. 90
5. The Shikhar of the Dwarkadhish temple consists of how many storeys?
a. 6.
b. 8.
c.5.
d . 11.
6. In which district is the Sun Temple of Modhera situated?
a. Himmatnagar.
b. Patan.
c. Gandhinagar. d. Mehsana.
7. Which king constructed the Sun Temple of Modhera?
a. Siddhraj Jaysingh
b.Mulraj. I
c.Bhimdev. I d. Kumarpal
8. In which place is the Sun Temple of Gujarat situated?
a. Pavagadh. b. Chotila c. Modhera.
9. Where in Gujarat is the Rudra Mahalaya situated?
a. Siddhpur.
b. Patan.
c. Vadhnagar. d. Dwarka.
10. In which district is the Rudra Mahalaya situated?
a. Junagarh.
b.Mehsana c. Patan.
d. Vadodara.
11. Who started the construction of Rudra Mahalaya at siddhpur?
a. Rani Rupmati
b. Bhimdev Solanki
c. Siddhraj Jaysingh
d. Mulraj Solanki
b. Girnar.
c. Pavagadh d. Barda.
b.Fatehpur Sikri
c. Delhi
d. Hyderabad
b.Alauddin Khilji
b.7.
c. 4
d. 5
c. Qutub-ud-din aibak
d.
a. A Temple
b. A Mosque
c.A Church
d. A Palace
b.Chirag-e-delhi
c. Moth-ki-masjid
d.Qudam-Rasool-Masjid
20.Which was the first mosque constructed in India?
a. Nagina masjid
c. Jama Masjid
d. Moti Masjid
21. By what other name is the Bruhdeshwar temple known?
a.Rajeshwar temple
b. Puddakal
c.Thanjavur
d. Konark
b.Babur
c. Shah Jahan
d.Jahangir
b. Jahangir
c. Humayun
d. Jahangir
d. Fatehpur Sikri
29.Which Medieval monumental architecture is among the seven wonders of the world?
a. Red Fort of Agra
d. Taj Mahal
L-9
b. Qutub Minar
D. Kerela
2. In which state do the females wear coloured ghaghro with large circumference and blouse
which reaches up to waist?
A. Rajasthan
B. Punjab
C. Uttar Pradesh
D. Gujarat
B. Gujarat
C. Punjab
D. Uttar Pradesh
C. Bhangada
D. Ghummar
C. Ojapali
D. Bihu
Ex-2 Blanks
Lesson-1
1) At present the village anawada situated in the west of Patan is the deformed name of Anhilwad
2) Jaishikhari was the father of Vanraj Chavda.
3) Jaishikhari ruled over Panchaser kingdom.
4) Vanraj Chavda established Anhilwad Patan on the banks of river Saraswati.
5) Anhil Bharwad helped Vanraj Chavda to regain his fathers lost kingdom.
6) The kings of the Chavda Dynasty ruled over for Gujarat about 196 years.
7) Kalikal Sarvagnya Hemchandracharya was well known lived during the times of Siddhraj
Jaysinh.
8) Siddhraj Jaisinh proposed Hemchandracharya to prepare and write a grammar book.
9) Hemchandracharya prepare and wrote grammar book Siddhhem Shabdanushasan.
10) Siddhraj Jaisinh carried out the procession of the book Siddhhem Shabdanushasan on the back
of an elephant.
11) Gujarats prosperity was at its peak during the rule of Kumarpal.
12) During the reign of Kumarpal, the confluence of Ahisma , Lakshmi , and Saraswati was seen in
Anhilwad Patan.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.Bairam khan was guardian of Akbar and took care of administration on his behalf.
11.Hemu, the leader of sikandar suri set up his rule in Delhi when Akbar was in Punjab.
12.Akbar defeated Hemu in the second Battle of
khan.
10.The small nails or huge machinery and their spare parts are made from Iron-steel.
11.The chemical fertilizer Industry is dependent on petrochemicals.
Kolkata to bongaun.
14.Airport are constructed for the landing and taking off for aeroplanes.
15.`Indian airlinesprovides the service for the domestic travel in india.
16.`Air India provides the service for international travel in india.
17.Water way is more inexpensive and easier than any other ways.
18.In mountaineous region ropeways is used for transportation.
19.Ropeway is constructed in rajgiri in bihar.
L-6
1. Jahagir was the son of Akbar.
2. Prince Salim adopted the name Jahangir.
3. Sir Hawkins and Sir Thomas Roe were the representatives of king of England who came to
India.
4. Noorjahan was the wife of Jahangir.
5. Shah Jahan believed that Agriculture is the pillar of prosperity.
6. Shah Jahan established the new city Shah Jahanabad near old Delhi.
7. Mughal emperor Aurangzeb had very sharp memory.
8. Veer Durgadas fought continuously for 25 years with Aurangzeb to free Marwar (for
freedm of Marwar).
9. Aurangzeb fought for 25 years against Shiya states of Bijapur and Golkonda in the South.
10. The Mughal society had feudal system.
11. Dussera festival was celebrated in the Mughal empire
during the reign of
Jahangir in a grand manner.
12. One man was equal to 55.5 ratal in Mughal time.
13. The Mughal emperors was fond of Grand palaces.
14. Shah Jahan was known as Constructor of Palaces in history.
15. Shah Jahan built the world famous Taj Mahal.
16. Tavenier and Bernier the French travellers visited India during Mughal period.
17. The Golden Age of the Mughal rule means the rule of Shah Jahan.
18. Maharashtra was the homeland of the Marathas.
19. Shivaji was born in the year 1630 A.D.
20. Shivaji was born at the Shivneri fort.
21. Shivaji learnt lessons of politics from Dadaji Konddev.
22. Shvaji was coronated in the year 1674 A.D.
23. Shivaji was coronated at Raigadh.
24. Shivaji frmed council of eight ministers for poper administration of his kingdom.
L-8
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Section-A
Siddhhem Shabdanushasan -Raniki Vav
-Hemchandracharya
-Dwarka
-Abu
--
(2)
1.
2.
3.
4.
Section-B
Hemchandracharya
Rani (Queen) Udaymati
Kalikal Sarvagnya (Great scholar)
Pilgrim centre of Vaisnavas
Vimalvashi temple
Section-A
Sahastraling Lake
Kirti Toran
Malav Lake
Sun temple
Section-B
-----
Patan
Vadnagar
Dholka
Modhera
Lesson-3
Section-A
1. District sessions court
2. Taluka Court
3. District Civil Court
Section-B
-- Decides the criminal cases
-- Hears Disputes regarding property
-- Hears the appeals filed when
People do not get justice in Taluka
Court
L-4
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
1.Red Fort
Delhi
2.Founder of the Mughal Dynasty
Babur
3.Born at the palace of the Rana of Amarkot Akbar
4.Afghan Sardar
Sher Shah
5.A jewel in Akbars court
Birbal
6.Developed new land revenue system
Todarmal
7.Guardian Of Akbar
Bairam Khan
8.Brave ruler of Mewar
Rana Pratap
L-5
9.Cotton Cloth
Ahmedabad
10.Jute Cloth
Kolkata
11.Iron-steel Industry
Bokaro
12.Newspapers paper
Nepanagar
13.The currency note paper
Devas
14.Chemical Fertilizers
Sindari
15.Refinery of mineral oil
Koyali (Baroda)
16.Woollen cloth industry
Ludhiana
L-6
Killed Sikh Guru Arjun Singh - Jahangir
Built Taj Mahal
- Shah Jahan
Founder of the Maratha State - Shivaji
Follower of Vithalnathji
Fought for the freedom of Marwar Veer Durgadas
L-8
1..somnath temple-prabhas patan
2.dwarkadhish temple-gomti river
3.sun temple-modhera
4.rudra mahlaya-siddhpur
5.palitana-shetrunjaya
6.siddi saiyads jali-lal darwaja, ahmedabad
7.qutub minar-delhi
8.dhai din ka zopada-mosque
9.bruhdeshwar temple-thanjavur
10.buland darwaja-fatehpur sikri
L-9
1. Gujarat
--
Rasgarba
2. Rajasthan
--
Ghummar
3. Maharashtra
--
Lavni
4. Punjab
--
5. Kerala
--
6.Tamil Nadu
--
Bharatnatyam
7. Andhra Pradesh
--
Kuchipudi
8. Assam
Bhangada
Kathakali
--
Bihu
L-12
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
STATUE OF LIBERTY
WHITE HOUSE
CAPITAL OF CANADA
CAPITAL OF U.S.A
HOUSE OF ESKIMO
------
NEW YORK
WASHINGTON
OTTAWA
WASHINGTON D.C
IGLOO
L-12
1. Cotopaxi - Volcano
2. Amazon- River
3. Panama- Canal
4. Titicaca- Lake
5. Atacama-Desert
6. Anaconda-Python
7. Alfalfa-Grass
Ex-4 True or False
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
Lesson-1
The Chavda Dynasty ruled over Gujarat for 196 Years. True
The Vaghela Dynasty succeeded the Chavda Dynasty on the throne
of Anhilwad
Patan. False
Siddhraj Jaisinh proposed Hemchandracharya to prepare and write a grammar book. True
Queen-Mother (Rajmata) Minaldevi constructed a vav for the welfare of the people. False
Siddraj Jaisinh waived off the pilgrim tax on the demand of the people.False
Raniki Vav is situated in Patan. True
The rulers of the Vaghela Dynasty ruled over Gujarat after Solanki Dynasty. True
Karandev Vaghele was the last ruler of Vaghela Dynasty. True
The sub-section of a Mandal was called Panthak. True
The impact of Jainism in Gujarat lapsed in the medieval age. False
The famous architecture Siddi Saiyyad Jali is situated in Ahmedabad. True
Lesson-3
1. The Judiciary of our country is independent and unbiased.True
After the death of Akbar, his son Shah Jahan ascended to the throne. False
Prince Khushru was the son of Jahangir. True
Most of administrative work of Jahangir was looked after by Noor Jahan. True
Shah Jahan believed that trade and industry are the pillars of prosperity. False
None of the foreign offcials had the permissions to take away wealth from India in the
Mughal empire. True
Villagers were not self-reliant during the Mughal period. False
Poet Raskhan was a follower of Vaishnava Acharya Vithalnathji. True
Indian textile was very famous in the markets of Europe and Asia during the Mughal
period. True
The name of Shivajis father was Sambhaji and the name of his mother was Jijabai.True
Guerilla technique was surprise attack on the enemy. True
L-8
1.The somnath temple is near junagadh at prabhas patan in veraval district.false
2.The sun temple at modhera is located on equator.false
3.The sun temple of modhera is a unique example of sculpture and architecture.true
8. Wheat & grapes are the main crop in the Argentina. True
9. In Argentina , about 40% of population live in cities.
false
Q10)Confluence of which three things was seen in Anhilwad Patan during the rule of Kumarpal?
A10) Confluence of Ahisma , Laxmi and Sarawati was seen in Anhilwad Patan during the rule of
Kumarpal.
Q11)Who had constructed Raniki Vav? Why?
A11) Rani Udaymati had constructed raniki Vau for the welfare of the people .
Q12)Who got the pilgrim tax waived off in Anhilwad Patan?
A12) Queen Mother Minaldevi got the pilgrim tax waived off in Anhilwad Patan.
Q13)Who got the Malav Lake constructed in Dholka and Munsar Lake in Viramgam?
A13) Queen Minaldevi, mother of Siddhraj Jaisinh got the Malva lake constructed in Dholka and
Munsar lake in Viramgam.
Q14)When did Rajput rule over the Anhilwad Patan come to an end?
A14) Alauddin Khilji invaded Gujarat during the regin of Karnadev , the last king of Vaghela
dynasty .Karandev was defeated in the war with Allauddin Khilji , Therefore the Rajput rule in
Anhilwad came to an end.
Q15)Who founded Ahmedabad city? When?
A15) Sultan Ahmedshah founded Ahmedabad city in 1411 AD.
Q16)Panthak was a sub-section of which administrative unit? What were included in a Panthak?
A16) Pantak was a sub-section of Mandal . Many villages were included in a Pantak.
Q17)Name the Mandals in the Solanki administration?
A17) Solanki administration had Kutch Mandal , Saurashtra Mandal , Khetak Mandal , Laat
Mandal and Medpat Mandal .
Q18)Name the significant work of art and architecture constructed during the medieval period in
Gujarat?
A18) Among the works of art and architecture constructed during the medieval period in Gujarat
were the Sun Temple at Modhera , Vimalvashi temple at Abu , Rudramahalaya at Siddhpur ,
reconstructed Somnath temple and Jain Derasar of Delwara at Abu .
Q19)Which one among the Kirti Toran is very famous?
A19) The Kirti Toran at Vadnagar is very famous among the Kirti Toran in Gujarat.
Q20)On which material were the handwritten manuscripts written in the medieval age?
A20) In the medieval age the handwritten manuscripts were written on Tadpatra . Tadpatras were
2-3 feet long and 1-3 feet broad .
Lesson-3
Q1. What is the symbol of the judiciary in our country?
A1. The symbol of the judiciary in our country is goddess of justice(Asteen) who is blind- folded
with a scale in one hand one sword in the other.
Q2. What is the arrangement of continuous judiciary?
A- 2 Arrangement of continuous judiciary means a single heiarchy of judiciary. The supreme
court is at the top level , High court of the state (middle level) , Disctrict and Taluka couet at
the lower level.
Q3. Name the courts in our country?
A 3 There are three levels of courts 1) Taluka 2) DISTRICT 3) Highcourt.
Q4. In which type of cases do the court pass judgement?
A- 4 Court passes judgement on civil and criminal cases .
Q5. How does Lok Adalat dispence justice?
A- 5 Lok Adalat dispence justice quickly and inexpensively.
Q6. Which court functions at the lower level? By what name are these courts known?
A-6 Taluka court functions at the lower level. They are known as
Trial courts.
Q7. Who is the head of all courts in a district?
A-7 District judge is the head of all courts in a district.
Q8. Which is the highest court in the state?
A-8 High court is the highest court in the state.
Q9 In which city is the Gujarat High court situated?
A-9 The Gujarat High court situated in Ahmedabad.
Q10. Which cases are heard by the Taluka court?
A-10 Civil cases are heard by the Taluka court.
Q11. What can people do when they do not get justice in the Taluka court?
A-11 When people not get justice in the Taluka court They can appeal to the District court.
Q12. Which are the matters decided by the civil courts?
A 12 The matters decided by the civil courts are house , land or property cases.
Q13. Which are the matters decided by the criminal courts?
A-13 The matters decided by the criminal courts are theft , robbery , duel , murder , physical harm
or any kind of fights .
A1. U.S.A, Canada and Mexico of central America and Greenland and Caribbean Islnds are
included in North America continent.
2) For cultivation of crop which are the plains of Prairies famous?
Ans: The plains of Prairies are famous for cultivation of wheat.
3) Which is the tallest peak of North America continent?
Ans: Mt. McKinley is the tallest peak of North America continent.
4) Which animals are found in Alaska region of North America continent?
Ans: Animals such as Reindeer, Seal, Walrus, Wolf, White Polar Bear, etc are found in Alaska
region of North America continent.
5) Name the cyclones and the region of U.S.A. in which they are blown?
Ans: Cyclone named Tornados are blown in the Texas region of U.S.A.
6) Which minerals are available in North America continent?
Ans: Minerals like iron, copper, gold, silver, coal, mineral oil etc are available in plenty in North
America.
7) Which animals are found in Canada?
Ans: Animals like Bear, Jackal, Otter Beaver, Deer and Reindeer are found in plenty in Canada.
8)
Ans: Fishery is developed in the continental shelf of New Found Land in Atlantic Ocean in the
Eastern part of Canada.
9) Which are the main cities of Canada?
Ans: The main cities of Canada are Toronto, Ottawa, Montreal, Calgary, Edmonton, Winnipeg,
Vancouver, Hamilton, Quebec, etc.
10) In the production of which minerals does Canada rank first in the world?
Ans: Canada ranks first in the world in the production of Asbestos, Nickel and Platinum.
11) Who have contributed a lot in the prosperity of U.S.A.?
Ans: Rocky and Appalachian Mountain range, Mississippi and Missouri rivers, Five great lakes,
Fertile Prairies plains, enormous agricultural production and basic minerals have contributed a lot
in the prosperity of U.S.A.
12) Which crops are produced in abundance in U.S.A.?
Ans: Cotton, Maize and Wheat are produced in abundance in U.S.A.
13) Which minerals have contributed a lot in the industrial development in U.S.A?
Ans: Minerals like coal, mineral oil and iron which are available in large quantity in U.S.A have
contributed a lot in the industrial development in U.S.A.
14) What is the milestone of development of U.S.A.?
Ans: Its special types of highways known as super highways are the milestone of development of
U.S.A.
15) Who were the original inhabitants of U.S.A.?
Ans: Red Indians were the original inhabitants of U.S.A.
L-12
Q1. By what is South America continent connected with the North America
Continent?
A1. South America continent is connected by the Isthmus of Panama with
North America.
Q2. How many natural Divisions of South America continent are seen
distinctly in the terms of Physiography?
A2. 1. Andes mountain range.
2. Central plains.
3. North eastern plateaus
4. Narrow coastal plains
Q3. Which two famous Volcanic Mountains are located in Ecuador?
A3. Two famous Volcanic Mountains are located in Ecuador are Chimborazo
and Cotopaxi
Q4. Which main rivers have made alluvial plains in South America?
A4. Amazon, Panama, Paraguary and Orinoco Rivers have made alluvial
plains in South America.
Q5. Which are the main rivers in Amazon basin?
A5. The main rivers in Amazon basin are The Negro, Japura, Madeira,
Japajos etc.
Q6. Which grass is famous of Pampas plains?
A6. Alfalfa grass is famous of Pampas plains.
Q7. Which Animals are seen in South America Continent?
A7. Lima, Alpaca, Vacuna animals of camel family Cow, Sheep, Goat.
Even after his defeat in the Battle of Haldighati he did not give up.
He wandered in the forest, faced many difficulties.
He again raised his army and fought against the Mughals.
He recaptured all the forts exept that the Chittor.
Shamlaji, Dang, Darbar are well known. Festivals like Diwali, Ganesh Chaturthi, Eid, Christmas,
etc. are celebrated.
5. What is the food of the people of North India?
Ans. The staple food of the people of Northern India is wheat based. They also consume pulses,
vegetables, fruits, clarified butter, milk and buttermilk. Lassi {Sweetened Buttermilk} of Punjab is
a delight to ht taste buds.
6. Which type of houses are there in Northern India?
Ans. Most of the houses North India have terraces and are made of bricks, wood, stones and mud.
The Dal lake in Jammu and Kashmir is well known for its famed house boats, known as Shikaras.
7. Which languages are spoken in Northern India?
Ans. Hindi is widely spoken in North India. But besides Hindi, Punjabi, Sindhi and Kashmiri
languages are also spoken. Local dialects such as Bhojpuri, Bihari are spoken in Uttar Pradesh.
8. State the festivals and fairs in Northern India?
Ans. Festivals of Northern India are celebrated with fervor. The Baishaki festival of Punjab ,
Bhangada the folk dance of Punjab , and the folk songs of Kashmir, devotional songs of Uttar
Pradesh and Punjab are well known.
9. What is the food of the people of South India?
Ans. Rice is the staple diet, with fish being an integral component of coastal South India. Idli ,
Dosa , Sambhar, Vada are some of the famous food items.
10. What type of dresses do the people of South India wear?
Ans. South Indian women traditionally wear sari and adorn their hair with sweet smelling garlands
of flowers. The men wear either a white dhoti or a colourful Lungi . The fishermen wear clothes to
suit their occupation.
11. Which type of houses are there in South India?
A-11 The houses are made of bricks, wood, bamboo, stones and mud. They have sloping roofs as it
rains heavily in these areas. People residing near the coastal areas live in huts. House boats are seen
in the backwaters of Kerala too.
12. Stae the festivals and fairs of South India?
A-12 The festivals of south India make them popular all over the globe. Onam, Pongal, Boat, Races,
Dusshera and Diwali are celebrated with great enthusiasm.
13. What are the economical activities of the people of South India?
A-13 Farming and fishing are the major occupations of the people there. Paddy is the main crops of
the region.People seek their livelihood through industries in the urban areas too.
states to its southern most counterpart and from western to North Eastern states.7) The political,
social, economic sensor is completely different from one another.
Ex-7 Shortnotes
Lesson-1
Hemchandracharya -- Hemchandracharya was a scholar in the court of the Solanki King Siddhraj
Jaysingh. At the request of Siddhraj he wrote the famous treatise on grammar named Siddhhem
Shabdanushasan . This book is regarded as a great contribution of the Solanki period .
Hemchandracharya had knowledge in many subjects was famous as Kalikal Sarvagnya .
Somnath Temple: Somnath Temple is situated at Prabhas Patan near Veraval in Junagadh District. It
is one of the most ancient, prosperous and important pilgrimage centres of Shaivism. It is one of the
twelve jyotirlinga shrines of Lord Shiva. The construction of the new temple was completed in 1951
A.D.
Sun Temple: 1. The world famous Sun Temple of Modhera is in the Mehsana District of Gujarat. 2. It
is located on Tropic of Cancer. 3. It resemblance with the Sun Temple at Konark. 4. This temple was
constructed in 1026 1027 during the time of Bhimdev I of Patan. 5. It is famous for the carving and
architecture. 6. The terrace of the temple is supported by eight pillars. 7. The temple is constructed in
such a manner that the Sun rays illuminates the entire interior of the temple during the month of
autumn and spring. 8. There is rectangular water pond in the centre of the campus near the Entrance.
BulandDarwaza, FatehpurSikri: It is the tallest Dome shaped in India. The mughal emperor Akbar set
up a new capital near Agra on the mountains of Sikri.The darwaza rises to a height of 55 metres and is
topped by pillars and Chhatris.It is one of the most Famous Islamic structure in Fatehpur Sikri. It was
built by Akbar as a victory to commemorate his successful Gujarat campaign.
Taj Mahal: The Mughal emperor Shah Jahan built The Taj Mahal on the banks of River Yamuna in
Agra, in memory of his wife Mumtaz. It is the grand structuring with white marbles with beautiful
Latic work and fine carving. It is regarded as the finest example of Mughal architecture. It is the one
of the Seven Wonders of the World.
Rudra Mahalaya: Rudra Mahalaya is a historical monument situated on the banks of river Saraswati
in Siddhpur in Patan, district of the north Gujarat. It was constructed by Mulraj Solanki and then
completed by Siddhraj Jaysinh. Today it is in ruinous condition. However, It was in its time a grand
temple, with magnificent architecture.
Shivaji: Shivaji was born in 1630 A.D. at Shivneri fort in Maharashtra. Shanjiraje Bhonsle was his
father and Jijabai was his mother. He was moulded by his mother and teacher Dadoji Kondev. At
the age of 16 he laid the foundation of his Swarajaya by capturing the Toran fort. He captured
Chakan, Purander, Singhgadh and many other forts. Shivaji was coronated at Rajgadh in 1674
A.D. and got the title of Chhatrapati. His kingdom was established in Maharashtra. He formed a
council of eight ministers for the proper administration of his state.