The anatomy and physiology of FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE ORGAN

The female reproductive organs consist of the ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, external
genitalia, and mammary glands
Ovaries- the two ovaries are small organs suspended in the pelvic cavity by ligaments. Ovaries
are the female reproductive glands where the 400,000 ova or egg cells are stored. The outer part
of the ovary is made up of dense connective tissue and contains ovarian follicles.
Fallopian tubes- the uterine tubes extend from the area of the ovaries to the uterus. They open
directly into the peritoneal cavity near each ovary and receive the oocyte. The opening of each
uterine tube is surrounded by long, thin processes called fimbrae. It is a 4 inches long from
each side of the uterus. It transports the mature ova from the ovaries to the uterus and provide a
place for fertilization of the ova by the sperm in its outer 3rd or outer half.
Uterus- The uterus is shaped like an upside-down pear, with a thick lining and muscular walls.
Located near the floor of the pelvic cavity, it is hollow to allow a blastocyte, or fertilized egg, to
implant and grow. It also allows for the inner lining of the uterus to build up until a fertilized egg
is implanted, or it is sloughed off during menses.
The uterus contains some of the strongest muscles in the female body. These muscles are able to
expand and contract to accommodate a growing fetus and then help push the baby out during
labor. These muscles also contract rhythmically during an orgasm in a wave like action. It is
thought that this is to help push or guide the sperm up the uterus to the fallopian tubes where
fertilization may be possible.
Vagina- is a female organ of copulation and functions to receive the penis during intercourse. It
allows menstrual flow and childbirth. The superior portion of the vagina is attached to the sides
of the cervix so that a part of the cervix extends into the vagina.
External genitalia- also called vulva or pudendum of the vestibule and its surrounding
structures. The vestibule is the space into which the vagina and urethra open. The vestibule is
bordered by a pair of thin, longitudinal skin folds called the labia minora. A small erectile
structure called clitoris. The two labia minora unite over the clitoris to form a fold skin called the
prepuce. Lateral to the labia minora are two prominent, rounded folds skin called labia majora.
The space between the labia majora is called the pudendal

Pathophysiology of Ectopic pregnancy

Predisposing Factors
-Lifestyle(smoking)
-Age (below 18 and above 35 years old)
-Race(black)

Precipitating Factors
-Renal disease or transplant
-History of pelvic inflammatory disesase
-Endometriosis
-Uterine curettage

Matured ovum release from ovary ready for fertilization

Matured egg pick-up by fallopian tube

Division of cells

Sperm cells enter to uterine cavity and migrate to fallopian tube

Only one best and healthiest sperm will reach the ovum

Cluster of cell

Morula

Blocks movement of fertilized egg to the uterus

Fertilized egg attaches and implants in the fallopian tube

Distention and irritation of fallopian tube

-Moderate amount dark red vaginal bleeding
-Abdominal pain

ECTOPIC PREGNANCY