S.

23

Strength of Materials (April/May-2013, Set-3) JNTU-Kakinada

Code No.: R22012/R10
II B.Tech. II Semester Regular Examinations

April/May - 2013

Set-3
Solutions

STRENGTH OF MATERIALS
( Civil Engineering )

Time: 3 Hours

Max. Marks: 75
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry Equal Marks
---

1.

2.

(a)

State and prove moment-area theorems. (Unit-I, Topic No. 1.5)

(b)

Using the moment-area method, determine the deflection at the free end of a cantilever beam of span l
subjected to a load P at the fixed end. EI is constant. [11+4] (Unit-I, Topic No. 1.5)

(a)

Derive expression for volumetric change in a thin spherical shell subjected to an internal pressure P.

(Unit-II, Topic No. 2.1)

(b)

A thick cylindrical pipe of outside diameter 300 mm and internal diameter 200 mm is subjected to an internal fluid
pressure of 15 MPa. Determine the maximum hoop stress in the section. Draw the variation of the hoop stress
across the thickness of the pipe. [7+8] (Unit-II, Topic No. 2.2)

3.

A square element of a thin plate subjected to a tensile stress of 5 MPa in x-direction, a tensile stress of 15 MPa in ydirection and a shear stress of 10 MPa (clockwise). Determine the principal stresses and their directions by using
analytical method. Also find the normal stress and shear stress on the diagonal plane of the square element.
[15] (Unit-III, Topic No. 3.2)

4.

Compare the weight of solid with that of a hollow one having the same material and of same lengths are to transmit
same power at a given speed, if the first shaft is of a solid circular section and the second shaft is of hollow circular
section, whose internal diameter is 0.6 times the outside diameter. [15] (Unit-IV, Topic No. 4.1.2)

5.

A round vertical bar is clamped at the lower end and is free at the other. The effective length is 2 m. A horizontal force
of 30 N at the top produces a horizontal deflection of 15 mm. What is the buckling load for the bar in the given
conditions? [15] (Unit-V, Topic No. 5.2.1)

6.

An unsymmetrical I-section with the following dimensions is subjected to a bending moment of 15 kN-m, the top
flange being in compression. Draw the bending stress distribution across the depth marking the salient points and
compute the total moment resisted by the top flange.
Top flange

: 240 mm 10 mm

Bottom flange : 180 mm 10 mm

Web
7.

: 300 mm 10 mm. [15] (Unit-VI, Topic No. 6.2)

A curved beam, rectangular in cross-section is subjected to pure bending with couple of 300 N-m. The beam has a
width of 20 mm and depth of 40 mm and is curved in a plane parallel to the depth. The mean radius of curvature is 50
mm. Find the position of the neutral axis and the ratio of the maximum stress to the minimum stress. Also plot the
variation of the bending stress across the section. [15] (Unit-VII, Topic No. 7.2)

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B.Tech. II-Year II-Sem.

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8.

Spectrum ALL-IN-ONE Journal for Engineering Students, 2014

Determine the forces in all the members of the truss as shown in figure. [15] (Unit-VIII, Topic No. 8.1)

2m
J

2m
A
1.5 m

1.5 m

1.5 m

6k

E
1.5 m

6k

Figure

B.Tech. II-Year II-Sem.

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S.25

Strength of Materials (April/May-2013, Set-3) JNTU-Kakinada

SOLUTIONS TO APRIL/MAY-2013, SET-3, QP

Q1.

(a)

State and prove moment-area theorems.

April/May-13, Set-3, Q1(a) M[11]

Answer :

For answer refer Unit-I, Q21 and Q23.

(b)

Using the moment-area method,

determine the deflection at the free end
of a cantilever beam of span l
subjected to a load P at the fixed end.
EI is constant.
April/May-13, Set-3, Q1(b) M[4]

Answer :

At,
x = 100 mm; P100 = 15 MPa
x = 0 mm; P100 = 0
x = 150 mm; P150 = 0
Radial stress Px at x = 100 is,
P100 =

B
100 2

Note: In a given reference, replace W with P.

For answer refer Unit-I, Q24.
Q2.

(a)

Derive expression for volumetric

change in a thin spherical shell
subjected to an internal pressure P.
April/May-13, Set-3, Q2(a) M[7]
Answer :
For answer refer Unit-II, Q3.
(b) A thick cylindrical pipe of outside
diameter 300 mm and internal diameter
200 mm is subjected to an internal fluid
pressure of 15 MPa. Determine the
maximum hoop stress in the section.
Draw the variation of the hoop stress
across the thickness of the pipe.
Answer :
April/May-13, Set-3, Q2(b) M[8]
Given that,
Outer diameter = 300 mm
Inner diameter = 200 mm
Internal pressure = 15 MPa

15 =

B
100 2

... (1)

Px at x = 150 is,
B

P150=

150 2

0=

150 2

... (2)

On solving equations (1) and (2) we get,

A= 12
B = 2,70,000
Hoop stress =

B
x2

f100 =

+A

2,70,000
(100)

+ 12 = 39 N/mm 2

100 mm
150 mm

(i)
(ii)

Required:
Maximum hoop stress in a section
Representation of hoop stress across thickness of
the pipe.
Let,
Px = Radial pressure
fx = Hoop stress
Px =
fx =

x2
B
x2

f150 =

270000
(150) 2

+ 12 = 24 N/mm2

The maximum hoop stress is developed at inner face.

270000

f110 =

(110) 2

+ 12

= 34.31 N/mm2
Similarly,
f120 = 30.75 N/mm2
f130= 27.98 N/mm2

+A

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f140 = 25.78 N/mm2

B.Tech. II-Year II-Sem.

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Spectrum ALL-IN-ONE Journal for Engineering Students, 2014

39
34.31
30.75
27.98
25.75

39
24
fx
150

140 130 120 110

100

= 1 R = 150 mm
00
mm

Q3.

A square element of a thin plate subjected to a tensile stress of 5 MPa in x-direction, a tensile
stress of 15 MPa in y-direction and a shear stress of 10 MPa (clockwise). Determine the principal
stresses and their directions by using analytical method. Also find the normal stress and shear
stress on the diagonal plane of the square element.
April/May-13, Set-3, Q3 M[15]
Answer :
Given that,
x = 5 MPa (Tensile)
y = 15 MPa (Tensile)
= 10 MPa (Clockwise)
Angle of inclination = 45 to vertical
Required
(i)
Principal stress and their direction
(ii)
Normal stress and shear stress on the diagonal plane of the square element.
Procedure
(i)
Principal Stress and Direction

x + y
1 =
2

5 + 15
+
1 =
2

x y
2
+ I xy

5 15
2

+ 10
2

1 = 10 + 5 5 ~ 21.18 N/mm2

x + y
2 =
2

5 + 15
2 =

x y

+ 2xy
2

5 15
2

+ 10
2

= 1.18 N/mm2

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Strength of Materials (April/May-2013, Set-3) JNTU-Kakinada

S.27

The angle of principal plane and shear stress made with x-axis.

2 xy
tan 2 =
x
y
2 10
5 15
= 31 43' 3''
Normal Stree and Shear Stress
Normal stress on diagonal of the square element (n)
tan 2 = 2

(ii)

tan 2=

2
= tan1
2

x + y
n =
2

x y
+

2

x y
xy =
2

sin 2 + cos 2

xy

cos 2 + sin 2

xy

= 20 N/mm2
( = 45 here)
Shear stress on the diagonal of square element is,

5 15
sin (2 45) + 10 cos (2 45)
=
2
= 5 N/mm2 (compressive)
Q4. Compare the weight of solid with that of a hollow one having the same material and of same
lengths are to transmit same power at a given speed, if the first shaft is of a solid circular section
and the second shaft is of hollow circular section, whose internal diameter is 0.6 times the outside
diameter.
April/May-13, Set-3, Q4 M[15]
Answer :
For answer refer Unit-IV, Q6.
Q5. A round vertical bar is clamped at the lower end and is free at the other. The effective length is 2
m. A horizontal force of 30 N at the top produces a horizontal deflection of 15 mm. What is the
buckling load for the bar in the given conditions?
Answer :
April/May-13, Set-3, Q5 M[15]

15 mm
30 N

Le = 2 m

Figure

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B.Tech. II-Year II-Sem.

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Spectrum ALL-IN-ONE Journal for Engineering Students, 2014

Given that,
Effective length, Le = 2 m
Deflection, S = 15 mm = 0.015 m
Horizontal force = 30 N
Deflection, =

WL3
3EI

0.015 =

WL3
3EI

Effective length, Le = 2 m
Length = 1 m
L=

0.015 =

2
=1m
2
30 13
3 EI

EI = 666.66

Buckling load for column=

P=

2 EI
L2e
2 666.66
22

= 1644.93 N
Q6.

An unsymmetrical I-section with the following dimensions is subjected to a bending moment of 15

kN-m, the top flange being in compression. Draw the bending stress distribution across the depth
marking the salient points and compute the total moment resisted by the top flange.
Top flange

: 240 mm 10 mm

Bottom flange

: 180 mm 10 mm

Web

: 300 mm 10 mm.
April/May-13, Set-3, Q6 M[15]

Answer :
Given that,
Bending moment, B.M = 15 kN-m
Top flange is in compression
Required

Moment of resistance by the top flange diagram of bending stress distribution across the depth.
A = (240 10) + (300 10) + (180 10)
= 7200 mm2

B.Tech. II-Year II-Sem.

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S.29

Strength of Materials (April/May-2013, Set-3) JNTU-Kakinada

240 10 5 + 300 10 160 + 180 10 315

y =
7200

= 147.08 mm

240 103 10 3003 180 103

+
I =
+
12
12

12

= 22.5 106 mm4

yc = y = 147.08 mm
yt = 320 147.08 = 172.92 mm
c

M
yt
I

15 106
147.08
22.5 106

c = 98.05 N/mm2
t =

15 106
172.92
22.5 106

= 115.28 N/mm2
Moment of resistance (Mr) = c.z about top flange
z =

bd 2
(For rect.)
6

z=

240 10 2
10 300 2
180 10 2
+
+
6
6
6

= 157 103 mm3

Mr = 98.05 157 103
= 15393850
= 15.4 106 kN-mm = 15.6 kN-m

240 mm

98.05h
10
147.08

N.A

10

300

0 = c
172.92

10
t = 115.28

180 mm
Figure

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B.Tech. II-Year II-Sem.

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Q7.

Spectrum ALL-IN-ONE Journal for Engineering Students, 2014

A curved beam, rectangular in cross-section is subjected to pure bending with couple of 300 N-m.
The beam has a width of 20 mm and depth of 40 mm and is curved in a plane parallel to the
depth. The mean radius of curvature is 50 mm. Find the position of the neutral axis and the ratio
of the maximum stress to the minimum stress. Also plot the variation of the bending stress across
the section.
April/May-13, Set-3, Q7 M[15]

Answer :
Given that,
Width of the beam = 20 mm
Depth of beam, D = 40 mm
Mean radius, R = 50 mm
Magnitude of pure bending
With couple action = 300 N-m
Required,
(i)

Position of N.A (Neutral Axis)

(ii)

Ratio of maximum stress to minimum stress

(iii) Plot of variation of bending stress across the section.

Area of the cross section = 20 mm 40 mm
= 800 mm2
(i)

Position of Neutral Axis

Let, y0 be the distance of N.A from centroidal axis,
y0 =

Rh 2
R2 + h2

For rectangular section h2 is given by,

h2 =

R3
2R + D
2
ln
R
D
2R D

h2 =

(50) 3 2 50 + 40
ln
(50)2
2 50 40
40

= 147.8 mm
y0 =

50 147.8
502 + 147.8

= 2.79 mm
The negative sign indicates that the N.A is below the centroidal axis.
(ii)

Ratio of Maximum Stress to Minimum Stress

The bending stress () at a distance y from centroidal axis, at any layer is given by,
=

2
M 1 + R

2
RA h

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Strength of Materials (April/May-2013, Set-3) JNTU-Kakinada

S.31

The maximum stress occurs when y is negative for the given values of M, R, A. Therefore, the maximum stress occurs
at the extreme bottom layer where y = 20 mm
y=

max =

D
= 20 mm
2

50 2 20

1 +
147.8 50 20

300 1000
50 800

= 77.07 N/mm2
= 77.07 MPa (compressive)

min

300 103
=
50 800

50 2 20
1 +

147.8 50 + 20

= 43.76 N/mm2
= 43.76 MPa (Tensile)
The minimum bending stress occurs at the inner side where y = 20 mm.
The ratio of max to min is,

max
77.07
min = 43.76 = 1.76
(iii)

Plotting of Stress Variation Across the Section

Bending stress, =

2
M 1 + R

2
RA h

at any section
R + y

Where y : Distance of the section from centroidal axis

300 103
At y = 0, =
50 800

50 2 0
1 +

= 7.5 MPa
147.8 50 + 0

At y = 5 mm, = 19.03 MPa

[Q 1 MPa = 1 N/mm2]

At y = 10 mm, = 28.64 MPa

At y = 15 mm, = 36.78 MPa
At y = 20 mm, = 43.76 MPa
At y = 5 mm, = 6.5 MPa
At y = 10 mm, = 24.22 MPa
At y = 15 mm, = 46.78 MPa
At y = 20 mm, = 77.07 MPa

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Spectrum ALL-IN-ONE Journal for Engineering Students, 2014

20 mm

43.76

20

36.78

15

28.64

10

20 mm
y
y0 = 2.79 mm

40 mm

19.03 Neutral axis

5
0

=0
Centroidal
6.5 5
axis
24.2
10
46.87
15

STRESS
20 mm

20

77.07

R = 50 mm
Axis of Curvature
0
O : Centre of Curvature

Q8.

Figure: Plotting of Stress Across the Section

Determine the forces in all the members of the truss as shown in the figure.
B

2m
J

2m
A
1.5 m

1.5 m

F
1.5 m

6 kN

1.5 m

6 kN

Figure
April/May-13, Set-3, Q8 M[15]

Answer :
B

2m
J

2m

H
1.5 m

1.5 m

F
1.5 m

6 kN

1.5 m
6 kN

Figure

B.Tech. II-Year II-Sem.

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S.33

Strength of Materials (April/May-2013, Set-3) JNTU-Kakinada

FY = 0

Joint G
PGC = 6 kN

RA + RE = 6 + 6

PGI = 6 sin 538'

MA = 0

PGI = 4.8 kN

(6 3) + (6 4.5) RE 6 = 0

FX = 0

RE = 7.5 kN

PGI cos + PGJ cos + PGH + PGF = 0

RA = 4.5 kN

4.8 cos 538' + 4.8 cos 538' + 3.37 + PGF = 6

= tan1
1.5

PGF = 9.14 kN (comp)

Joint F

= 53 8'
Joint A

6k

FY = 0

PFJ = 6 kN
FX = 0
PGF = PFE = 9.14 kN

PAB = 4.5 kN

Joint E

FY = 0
PAI sin 53 8' = 4.5

PAI = 5.62 kN
FX = 0

PAH + PAI cos 538' = 0

PAH = 3.37 kN
Join H

PED = 7.5
FY = 0

7.5 + PEJ sin = 0

FX = 0

PEJ = 9.37 kN
Joint D

PHA = PHG = 3.37 kN

FY = 0
PHI = 0

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E
PDC = 0

(Q FX = 0)

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Spectrum ALL-IN-ONE Journal for Engineering Students, 2014

Joint C

D
= 53 8
J

PBC = PDC = 0
FY = 0
PCG + PCI (3 sin ) + PC (3 sin ) = 0
6 + PCI sin 53 8' + PCE sin 53 8' = 0
PCI + PCE = 7.499 kN
Joint I

C
I
A

36 52

36 52

FY = 0
PIA sin + PIH + PIG sin + PIC = 0
5.62 sin (36 52') + 4.8 (sin 3652') + PIC = 0
PIC = 13.21 kN
PCE = 13.21 + 7.499
= 5.71 kN

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