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Journal of Mechanical
Engineering
Technology (IJMET),
ISSN 0976 6340(Print),
ISSN
INTERNATIONAL
JOURNAL
OFand
MECHANICAL
ENGINEERING
AND
0976 6359(Online), Volume 6, Issue 2, February (2015), pp. 01-09 IAEME
TECHNOLOGY (IJMET)
IJMET
IAEME
J. Deepthi Krishna**
INTRODUCTION
In turbomachines, to desensitize tip clearance effects, squealer tips / partial shrouds, tip geometry
modifications, casing treatment etc. are suggested in the literature. P. Usha Sri and N. Sitaram observed
that the impeller with the chamfer on suction surface of the blade tip shows small improvement in
1
International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET), ISSN 0976 6340(Print), ISSN
0976 6359(Online), Volume 6, Issue 2, February (2015), pp. 01-09 IAEME
performance. With an increase in the chamfer dimension on suction surface of blade tip, performance
improvement is observed. Through experiments, N. Sitaram and S.M. Swamy have observed
performance improvement on centrifugal compressor with pressure side partial shrouds. S. Senthil and
N. Sitaram studied the performance of a centrifugal compressor by means of squealer tips. They
observed increase in energy coefficient and efficiency with squealer tips on pressure surface. S. Senthil
and N. Krishna Mohan found that sloping type squeeler tip has beneficial effects. Chi-Young Park et. al
have observed improvement of performance and surge margin with ring groove system on centrifugal
compressor. Fayez M. Wassef et. al have conducted experiments on centrifugal compressor and
observed improvement in limit of stability with addition of a ring and a groove in the casing in diffuser
region.
2. COMPUTATIONAL METHODOLOGY
The design details of the impeller which is used in the investigations are given below:
Inducer hub diameter, d1h
= 160 mm
Inducer tip diameter, d1t
= 300 mm
Impeller tip diameter, d2
= 500 mm
Blade height at the exit, b2
= 34.7 mm
o
No. of blades of impeller, Nb = 16
Blade angle at inducer hub, 1h= 53
o
o
Blade angle at inducer tip, 1t = 35
Blade angle at exit, 2
= 90
Thickness of the blade, t
= 3 mm
Rotor speed, N
= 2000 rpm
All angles are with respect to the tangential direction.
Centrifugal impeller with above specifications with 3 mm thickness throughout the blade, 2% tip
clearance is shown in Fig. 1. Assuming periodicity, single passage of centrifugal impeller is analysed. A
single passage of the impeller with inlet at 50 mm ahead of the impeller and outlet at a distance of 35
mm downstream of impeller is shown in Fig. 2. Casing is designed with a clearance of 0.7 mm
throughout the blade height. Total pressure is used for inlet boundary condition and mass flow rate at
outlet. Rotating frame of reference is given to the domain. ANSYS-CFX software is used for obtaining
the solution and standard k- turbulence model is used for the closure. The centrifugal compressor is
analysed at five different flow coefficients (0.28, 0.34, 0.42, 0.48 and 0.52), the design flow coefficient
being 0.42.
International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET), ISSN 0976 6340(Print), ISSN
0976 6359(Online), Volume 6, Issue 2, February (2015), pp. 01-09 IAEME
International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET), ISSN 0976 6340(Print), ISSN
0976 6359(Online), Volume 6, Issue 2, February (2015), pp. 01-09 IAEME
International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET), ISSN 0976 6340(Print), ISSN
0976 6359(Online), Volume 6, Issue 2, February (2015), pp. 01-09 IAEME
PS SS
Fig. 15 Pressure contours on
meridional plane for without
grooves on casing
PS SS
Fig. 16 Pressure contours on
meridional plane for impeller
with two grooves on casing
PS SS
Fig. 17 Pressure contours on
meridional plane for impeller
with three grooves on casing
PS SS
Fig. 18 Total pressure
contours on meridional plane
for without grooves on casing
PS SS
Fig. 19 Total pressure
contours on meridional plane
for impeller with two grooves
on casing
PS SS
Fig. 20 Total pressure
contours on impeller with
three grooves on casing
International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET), ISSN 0976 6340(Print), ISSN
0976 6359(Online), Volume 6, Issue 2, February (2015), pp. 01-09 IAEME
PS SS
Fig. 21 Velocity contours on
meridional plane for without
grooves on casing
PS SS
Fig. 22 Velocity contours on
meridional plane for impeller
with two grooves on casing
PS SS
Fig. 23 Velocity contours on
meridional plane for impeller
with three grooves on casing
PS SS
Fig. 24 Velocity vectors on
meridional plane for without
grooves on casing
PS SS
Fig. 25 Velocity vectors on
meridional plane for impeller
with two grooves on casing
PS SS
Fig. 26 Velocity vectors on
meridional plane for impeller
with three grooves on casing
International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET), ISSN 0976 6340(Print), ISSN
0976 6359(Online), Volume 6, Issue 2, February (2015), pp. 01-09 IAEME
102500
no
groove
102000
Total Pressure
Static Pressure
103000
101500
101000
0.5
1.5
no groove
2 grooves
3 grooves
102200
102000
101800
101600
0.2
0.4
0.6
International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET), ISSN 0976 6340(Print), ISSN
0976 6359(Online), Volume 6, Issue 2, February (2015), pp. 01-09 IAEME
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
Sreamwise Location
Fig. 35 Percentage deviation in velocity from inlet to outlet
3.12 Pressure Ratio at Off Design Conditions
Outlet to inlet pressure ratio at different flow coefficients is shown in fig. 36. Increase in
pressure ratio with two grooves on casing is observed at all flow coefficients. But with three grooves on
casing, reduction in pressure ratio is observed at all flow coefficients because of more fluid leakage
through the three grooves.
1.0154
1.0152
1.015
1.0148
1.0146
No Groove
1.0144
2 Grooves
1.0142
3 Grooves
1.014
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
0.45
0.5
Flow Coefficient
Fig. 36 Pressure ratio for different flow coefficients
8
0.55
International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET), ISSN 0976 6340(Print), ISSN
0976 6359(Online), Volume 6, Issue 2, February (2015), pp. 01-09 IAEME
4. CONCLUSIONS
A low speed centrifugal compressor with 2% tip clearance with two grooves on casing and three
grooves on casing are analysed at five different flow coefficients. The results are compared with the
casing without grooves. With three grooves on casing, though velocity at the meridional section around
the grooves is increased, the pressure at outlet is reduced because of more leakage of flow over the
blades from grooves. With two grooves on casing, due to the interaction of the leakage flow from
grooves with passage wake, the velocity and total pressure improvement is observed. Also with two
grooves on casing, static pressure rise at outlet is observed for all coefficients.
5. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors acknowledges All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE) for the financial
assistance provided for the project under R&D scheme.
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1.
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3.
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