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Malaysian Manufacturing
Sector: Progress and
Challenges
VGR Chandran Govindaraju
University of Malaya
vgrchan@gmail.com
Introduction
27% to GDP
76% of total gross exports
48% of FDI inflows
Value Added 155 billion in 2010
E&E sub-sector (22%) followed by petroleum
(20%) and chemical (12%)
Its vital to understand the R&D and
innovation progress of this sector
Total Number of
Establishments
2006 2007 2008
469
538
517
76
66
67
Establishments
involved in R&D
2006 2007 2008
111
112
131
21
20
29
290
255
285
1288 1274 1386
2026 2146 2197
4681 4603 4848
974 1024 1019
498
504
513
1373 1411 1389
400
328
376
19969 20435 19938
32044 32584 32535
29
90
253
290
222
73
98
59
557
1803
24
92
305
319
223
73
184
71
1103
2526
R&D Expenditure
(RM million)
2006
2007
2008
692.7 735.4 1108.8
95.2 1014.4 292.9
24
15.8
21 130.3
96 118.8 148.5 115.6
237
71.7 104.6
75.4
387
36.6
70.3
72.1
194
48.5
48
38.9
83 190.9 173.7
32.3
70
17.3
23
30.7
63 159.6
29.7
30.4
617
74.7
62
77.1
1931 1521.8 2430.6 2004.5
Source: Authors calculation based on Malaysian Annual Manufacturing Survey, 2007, 2008 and 2009.
Active Sectors: E&E, Chemical, Food & Beverages, Rubber & Plastic
Nevertheless only 5.9% involved in R&D activities
2004
2003
Local
23,502
2
1,473
2,166
231
5,430
4,058
7,818
Foreign
6,175
923
143
1,590
0
790
7,387
34
Local
45,875
9,645
1,634
964
295
5,330
3,258
1,460
Foreign
9,329
0
1,435
364
0
1,109
106
4
Local
16,991
8,434
1,202
718
418
2,827
873
789
Foreign
9,588
0
1,133
2,424
0
1,483
2,495
1,509
3,896
2,454
5,575
4,418
16,985
3,235
42,215
21,038
12,630
4,714
3,078
673,085
32,095
7,530
2,088
3,515
35,855
19,063
8,003
6,063
4,598
14,409
38,862
12,457
888
4,093
23,341
17,186
5,048
4,735
2,787
14,510
28,043
3,783
368
6,797
17,882
3,108
15,853
283,680
60,822
432,948
7,061
280,978
43,024
313
7,752
146,115
48,853
416,960
23,435
414,446
32,664
330
9,283
139,718
40,940
88,572
21,840
381,510
2,121
8,617
4,722
3,686
2,888
5,092
252,025
10,242
12,984
20
730,165
1,565
1,119
2,490
0
1,533,408
711,637
8,168
12,053
3
1,081,402
1,186
506
5,135
561,956
7,288
15,035
0
871,496
4,904
45
1,107
1,001,681
Source: Authors calculation based on Malaysian Annual Manufacturing Survey, 2007, 2008 and 2009.
619,378
Malaysian
2008
2007
Foreign
Electricity
6,683
Physics
4,473
2,097
Fixed Constructions
1,094
Textiles ; Paper
482
Chemistry ; Metallurgy
8,388
5,763
Human Necessities
5,337
0
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
1990
1989
0
1988
7,000
Overall
TCI
0.343
0.316
0.263
0.447
0.386
0.373
0.491
0.425
0.314
Investment
Production
Linkages
0.295
0.272
0.217
0.401
0.365
0.343
0.474
0.350
0.240
0.275
0.255
0.206
0.383
0.320
0.294
0.441
0.363
0.243
0.279
0.250
0.222
0.317
0.276
0.298
0.313
0.329
0.290
Product &
Process
Product
Process
Innovating
Innovation Innovation
Innovation
Firms (%)
Number of firms
46
3
8
27
73
10
16
29
11
62
4
3
14
55
2
2
17
56
2
2
10
41
4
1
12
25
57
2
4
20
62
4
3
24
32
10
20
58
2
14
56
4
3
15
47
1
2
17
63
1
2
57
76
67
71
50
43
67
10
2
1
1
1
2
10
11
2
3
-
19
13
8
5
18
15
-
Business
Enterprise
Sources of Innovation
Information, 1997-2008
Innovation Information Sources
38.9
57
36.8
37.6
34.4
33.1
31.9
6.2
8.6
16.8
11.7
23.3
16.9
12.5
16.4
23.3
16.2
16.2
10.6
10.6
21.8
23.8
Mean Score
3.77
3.89
3.86
3.89
3.84
3.66
3.61
3.26
3.50
2.18
2.19
1.57
1.82
2.46
2.55
2.17
1.77
1.08
Networks, R&D
Strength of relationship with
R&D organization
Financial service institutions
Distributors
Suppliers
Customers
Technical service providers
Business service providers
Firms in industry associates
Strength of strategic alliances
Source: Chandran, 2010.
Mean
Score
2.56
3.18
3.47
3.61
3.62
3.50
3.37
3.20
3.16
Unskilled
Workers
(% of total
workforce)
R&D (% of
sales)
89.36
85.00
88.54
87.35
86.91
1.70
2.38
3.10
2.68
1.14
91.29
90.86
84.40
88.04
87.65
83.25
0.04
0.15
0.08
0.16
0.17
0.22
Thank You
Chandran
vgrchan@gmail.com