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Circuit-Breaker Design
123
550
230
145
650
275
170
750
325
50-60
245
1050 (1200*)
460 (530*)
INTERRUPTION PRINCIPLE
Fig. A
During each tripping operation , the self blast interrupting unit produces a blow of gas between
the arcing contacts by a piston integrated into the moving contact.
The gas contained inside the puffer cylinder is compressed by the relative movement of cylinder
itself in respect of the fixed piston , and forcibly expelled between the contacts.
This is known as the self blast effect.
The arc core reduces the flow of gas causing an increase in puffing pressure proportionate to
the current to be interrupted until the arc is extinguished.
SB6 family basic chamber is mechanically thermally and dielectrically designed and type tested
for short circuit currents up to 40kA in full compliance with IEC International Standards
conditions.
Fig. B shows the main components of the breaking parts of an SB6 interrupting unit :
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
7
2
4
5
6
LP COMPARTMENT
This compartment is the driving part of the pole. It includes the following components:
A mechanical position indicator to show the equipment position (open or closed) directly
connected to the main kinematic chain.
Upper
terminal
Molecular sieves
Fixed contact
assembly
Moving contact
assembly
Rated
pressure
volume
Upper porcelain
insulator
Lower terminal
plate
Insulating
rod
Filter
Lower
Porcelain
Opening
insulator
Valve group
Double effect
Closing
jack
Closing
Valve group
coil
Tripping
Coil(s)
Bistable
(toggle)
device
Auxiliary
Contacts
& mechanical
Low
indicator
pressure
volume
6
View port of
Compressor
pressure
Driving rod
SF6
Closing
Operating
valves group
cylinder
Directly
Mechanical position
driven
aux.switches
indicator
1.2 Operation principle of the circuit-breaker
Each circuit-breaker pole has an integrated operating mechanism driven by SF6 fluid.
The high pressure SF6 of the interrupting chamber is used for insulating the live parts, for
extinguishing the arc and for operating the circuit-breaker.
The driving energy, which is needed to move the contacts, is produced by the pressure difference
between the HP and the LP compartments.
The HP SF6 is used to move a piston which is mechanically and axially connected to the circuitbreaker mobile contact.
Two groups of valves are designed to convey the pressurised SF6 onto one of the piston faces in
order to open or close the breaker.
The pressure drop which appears in the interrupting chamber after each operation is
compensated by a fridge-type sealed compressor, which collects the SF6 in the LP compartment
and introduces it into the HP compartment in order to restore the rated pressure.
Normally the volumes and pressures are designed to allow, even without the compressor
contribution, a stored operation cycle O CO CO.
The density switch lodged inside the LP compartment is connected to the HP one and has the
task of controlling the SF6 pressure in the interrupting chamber and of driving the compressor.
It is equipped with 3 contacts:
1. Compressor driving contact
2. LP closure inhibition contact
3.LP opening inhibition contact
A 4th contact can be provided optionally for second trip circuit opening inhibition or reclosure
inhibition .
A single temperature - compensated pressure switch is sufficient to control both poles
compartments (HP & LP) since it has to survey a fixed quantity of gas introduced in the
pole .
A
1
17
18
19
10
M
9
T/P=0
20
22
11
A double effect jack, controlled by two similar groups of valves (solenoid valve + servovalve + main valve) for switching-on and -off, moves the mobile contact. This jack is driven
by HP SF6 which, after the operation, expanded into the LP compartment.
The control valves comprise one set for the closing commands and one set for the
opening one.
Each set of valves includes a one way solenoid operated valve (or electrovalve) (fig 4
ref A - G) and two pneumatically operated series connected valves ,one called
servovalve (B B1) and the other one called main valve (C E).
Comparing the two sets of valves , while the electrovalves and servovalves are equal and
interchangeables , the main ones are different having ports of different size . In fact during
on opening operation the energy is higher then during closing.
The servovalve acts as a seal in device which once correctly started by a command
from the electrovalve (excitation lasting for several ms) assure the right pneumatic feeding
and operation timing independently from electric command duration.
As an option on additional set of opening valves is provided in case an undevoltage
opening device is required (see fig.7 ref D1- D2)
The position is kept by means of the bistable (19): at the end of the stroke, the jack is
depressurised and the mobile contact is kept in position by the effort produced by the leaf
springs of the bistable system.
All the HP SF6, which is required by the driving procedure, passes through the filter (6)
which retains the dusty decomposition products that are generated by the electrical arc in
the chamber which eventually fall nearby.
The opening command voltage energizes the solenoid valve (A), the moving armature is
picked up against the load of a spring , causing the HP to push back the servo-valve (B)
which depressurises the back side of the main valve piston (C).
The main valve (C) commutates and sends HP SF6 , coming from the filter ( 6 ) by conduit
( H ), into the chamber of cylinder and on the upper side of jack piston(D) which is forced
downwards causing main contacts to open.
The lower chamber of the jack is kept in communication with the low
pressure through the LP gate of the main closing valve (E).
When the voltage to the solenoid valve drops or when near the end of the operation , a
contact of the auxiliary switch opens and de-energizes it , its core is released and the
moving armature is brought again to its rest positon
At the end of the jack stroke, the solenoid valve is depressurised by a tube which
communicates with the low pressure causing the servo-valve to recover its rest position
and allowing HP pressure to built up again on the back side of main valve piston .The
main valve (C) commutates again and closes the HP gate towards the jack, opens its LP
gate and the upper part of the jack is depressurised.
When the jack is depressurised, the bistable (F) which has passed its mid (dead) point,
generates a force which firmly keeps the pole in a stable opened position.
HP compartment
Opening
valves group
H
B
A
D
closing valves
group
B1
LP compartment
10
Fig. 4 SB6 main kinematic scheme and principle operating mechanism functions identification
Closed steady
state position ;
de-energized, op.
ready to open
The closing command voltage enegizes the solenoid valve (G) ), the moving armature is
picked up against the load of a spring , causing the HP to push back the servo-valve (B1)
which depressurises the back side of the main valve piston (E).
The main valve (E) commutates and sends HP SF6 , coming from the filter ( 6 ) by a
conduit ( H ),into the lower chamber of the jack piston (D) which is forced upwards causing
main contacts to close.
The upper chamber of the jack is kept in communication with the low
pressure through the LP gate of the main closing valve (C).
When the voltage to the solenoid valve drops or when near the end of the operation , a
contact of the auxiliary switch opens and de-energizes it , its core is released and the
moving armature is brought again to its rest positon
At the end of the jack stroke, the solenoid valve is depressurised by a tube which
communicates with the low pressure causing the servo-valve to recover its rest position
and allowing HP pressure to built up again on the back side of main valve piston .The
main valve (E) commutates again and closes the HP gate towards the jack, opens its LP
gate and the lower part of the jack is depressurised.
When the jack is depressurised, the bistable (F) which has passed its mid (dead) point,
generates a force firmly keeps the pole in a stable closed position.
1.3.4 Opening sequence via undervoltage opening device (optional)(reference : fig. 7)
Conventional solenoid operated control electrovalves , such as those described before ,
operates only against energization lasting max hundredths of a second required to initiate a
closing or a opening operation , whereupon they remain de-energized for long period of time.
When sometimes a breaker control scheme requires the automatically opening on a low or
zero auxiliary feeding voltage , an undervoltage tripping control device have to be provided.
Of course , such electrovalve is purposely designed to remain energized indefinitely without
overheating.
An operating mechanism that meets the above requirements has all the control valves
described before plus an undervoltage electrovalve (D1) and a monostable valve (D2)
connected so as to by pass the conventional opening electrovalve.
The monostable valve is a normally closed spring biased , pilot operated valve that opens as
soon as its pilot cylinder is set under HP pressure but, even if control pressure would
remains applied , recloses automatically after a time metered by a timing orifice. This valve
has the task of transforming into a transient the pressure step caused by the de
energization of the undervoltage electrovalve and that , would not be removed up to its reenergization.
De energizing the coil of D1 causes its armature to shift to closed position under the load of
its return spring . This allows the HP gas to pass into the body of D2 moving the plunger
against its return spring . The opening of D2 allows the HP gas to enter the opening
servovalve and push back its pilot cylinder and the opening sequence to proceed as in the
case of previously described conventional opening.
At the end of the delay time metered by orifice in D2 bottom plunger , the reclosure of the
monostable valve cuts the HP gas connection to the pilot cylinder of the opening servovalve
which can in its turn to reclose.
Obviously , at the end , of the opening , D2 remains under pressure until after D1 is
energized again or its plunger is kept closed by a manual lock ; this last locking feature is an
additional option.
12
Yet this does not prevent the circuit breaker from being operated by conventional
electrovalves if their control voltage has not discontinued.
Opened steady
state position ;
ready to close
valve commutated
position ;jack
depressurized.
13
D2 2nd stage
undervoltage
seal-in valve
Start of opening
Commutation
sequence : voltage
of D2
Commutation of
Reclosing
opening
of D2
servovalve
14
End of opening
sequence and eventual
re-energizing of uv.coil
In case of failure of the auxiliary control voltage, the operation of the breaker can be electrically initiated
thanks to the stored energy of a capacitor-rectifier combination that can be included in the control
cabinet. This enables the three-phase operation (tripping or optionally closing) without auxiliary voltage.
This device can be fed either by AC or DC source ;it permits by means of interlocking , to operate the
circuit breaker with quenching and driving gas pressure into normal range.
Optionally the restoring of the operating energy of the mechanism is also possible, in case of
emergency, by the use of a portable inverter to be operated with a car battery (12 24V).
In case of failure of the auxiliary voltage, the voltage taken by the car battery is converted, by this
portable converter, into ac which can be used, through a suitable connection in the control cabinet, to
operate one compressor at a time until the rated pressure, and eventually to recharge the capacitor.
The operation of the breaker is then possible either by auxiliary DC supply or by stored energy.
15