Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
1|Page
Table of Contents
1.
Introduction ........................................................................................................................................... 4
2.
2.2.
2.2.1.
2.3.
Building Geometry...................................................................................................................... 11
2.3.1.
Modeling Stages.................................................................................................................. 11
2.3.2.
2.3.3.
2.4.
2.5.
2.6.
2.7.
2.8.
2.8.1.
Procedure ............................................................................................................................ 28
2.8.2.
Results ................................................................................................................................. 30
Conclusion .................................................................................................................................................. 67
References ................................................................................................................................................... 68
2|Page
List of Figures
3|Page
1. Introduction
The design of the Two-story reinforced concrete structure entailed a number of steps
and calculations. Each section listed below describes one step in the process of the design.
Attached to the end of this report are sample hand calculations for each step in the design
process.
4|Page
2.1.
Description of Structure
Building comprises of two story reinforced concrete structure. Basic building dimensions
are as follows:
STADD side and top view drawings of the Building are shown in Figure and Figure 2-2.
5|Page
6|Page
2.2.
Loads Calculation
2.2.1.
Slab Loads
transfer in the short direction as shown in Figure 2-3 and the design will assumed as one way
solid slab and the hidden square as flour slab.
UP
7|Page
Figure 2-4: Minimum Thickness for One-Way Solid and Ribbed Slabs
8|Page
=
24
5000
24
=
28
= 208.33
5000
28
= 178.57
Weight of Block:
No. of rib/m =
1
= 2 ribs
0.5
No. of blocks/2 = 2 5 = 10
The weight of blocks in one meter square of ribbed slab =
(Number of blocks) (weight of one block) (9.81)
9.81
kN
Weight of ribs:
Each one meter of ribbed slab has two ribs as shown in Figure 2-6.
Weigh of = (width(b) depth(d) number of ribs) (density of concrete)
(length)
kN
9|Page
kN
kN
10 | P a g e
2.3.
Building Geometry
2.3.1.
Modeling Stages
2.3.2.
Normal Structure
Front view dimensions of the two structures are shown in Figure 2-7-1.
11 | P a g e
Side view dimensions of the two structures are shown in Figure 2-7-2.
12 | P a g e
13 | P a g e
2.3.3.
14 | P a g e
2.4.
Loads Assigned
15 | P a g e
16 | P a g e
2.5.
Using ACI-318-08 chapter 8.3.3, Check the ACI limits which is shown in Figure 2-12.
17 | P a g e
18 | P a g e
3.5 m
5.0 m
2
24
2
14
2
10
2
11
2
16
2
11
= 1.2() + 1.6()
= 1.2(6.95) + 1.6(2.5) = 12.34
3) = 0.85
4) =
1
(1
5) min =
200
6) =
Bar #4
-12.85
-642.567
12.35294
0.001546
0.00142857
127.229616
1
12.34
5,3.5
40
420
22.035
1101.864
12.35294
0.002667
0.00142857
219.5190
2
KN/m
m
MPa
MPa
-30.85
-1542.65982
12.35294
0.003760
0.00142857
309.4606
3
0.3048
0.27
-13.75
-687.571
12.35294
0.0016539
0.00142857
136.1094
2
m
m
9.45
472.5489
12.35294
0.001133
0.00142857
117.5656
1
KN-m
KN/m2
-
19 | P a g e
2.6.
Beam Design
20 | P a g e
21 | P a g e
Calculating moment capacity of the beam in compression and tension, then check it
with the applied moments.
Equations used [1]:
1)
= ( 2)
2) = 0.85
339.3420
20.96
2
339.3420
20.96
2
22 | P a g e
For Stirrups:
From STAAD.pro analysis and design the values of Vu, Vc and Vs as well as specifications of
shear reinforcement is shown below in Figure and Figure .
23 | P a g e
Check:
= + = 0 + 98.7 = (0.75) 98.7 = 74.03
74.03 27.62 OK
24 | P a g e
2.7.
Column Design
The column output given by STAAD.pro for column # 127 is shown in the
following table and Figure .
SI Unit
English Unit
18.03
4.1
125.14 . 1107.6 .
11.96 .
105.9 .
13.78
0.263 2
407.7 2
29.5
3176 2
4.923 2
40
5.8
420
60.9
0.04
1.57
25 | P a g e
To check the column reinforcement, checking whether the column is short or long should be
done first. If the column is long the effect of slenderness should be taken in consideration, if
not, no need to consider the effects of slenderness.
Slendernen ratio
Check:
Since the structure is braced frame if
long column.
34 12
1
11.96
= 34 12
= 32.85
2
125.14
3
0.750 0.3503
=
=
=
= 0.101
12
12(0.750)(0.350)
1(3.5)
0.101
2 . 13.78 2 1.57
=
= 0.77
13.78
Since that the column has biaxial moments acting on it, the equivalent eccentricity method
will be applied.
26 | P a g e
Equations used:
87000
+87000
87000
60.9+87000
29.5 = 29.48
29.51.57
29.5
= 1705 (10.64
1462.49
1680.9
25.1
2
= 10.4
27 | P a g e
2.8.
Foundation Design
Procedure
28 | P a g e
29 | P a g e
2.8.2.
Results
Below are two tables of footings sizes and reinforcement. Typical steel arrangement
and footing sizes are shown in Figure 2-28 and Figure 2-29.
30 | P a g e
Isolated Footing 21
31 | P a g e
Input Values
Footing Geomtery
Footing Thickness (Ft) : 500.00 mm
Footing Length - X (Fl) : 1000.00 mm
Footing Width - Z (Fw) : 1000.00 mm
Eccentricity along X (Oxd) : 0.00 mm
Eccentricity along Z (Ozd) : 0.00 mm
Column Dimensions
Column Rectangular
Shape :
Column 0.75 m
Length - X
(Pl) :
Column 0.35 m
Width - Z
(Pw) :
Pedestal
Include No
Pedestal?
Pedestal N/A
Shape :
Pedestal N/A
Height (Ph) :
Pedestal N/A
Length - X
(Pl) :
Pedestal N/A
Width - Z
(Pw) :
32 | P a g e
Design Parameters
Concrete and Rebar Properties
Unit Weight of Concrete : 25.000 kN/m3
Strength of Concrete : 25.000 N/mm2
Yield Strength of Steel : 415.000 N/mm2
Minimum Bar Size : # 6
Maximum Bar Size : # 40
Minimum Bar Spacing : 50.00 mm
Maximum Bar Spacing : 500.00 mm
Pedestal Clear Cover (P, CL) : 50.00 mm
Footing Clear Cover (F, CL) : 50.00 mm
Soil Properties
Soil Type : UnDrained
Unit Weight : 22.00 kN/m3
Soil Bearing Capacity : 200.00 kN/m2
Soil Surcharge : 0.00 kN/m2
Depth of Soil above Footing : 0.00 mm
Undrained Shear Strength : 0.00 N/mm2
33 | P a g e
Design Calculations
Footing Size
Initial Length (Lo) = 1.00 m
Initial Width (Wo) = 1.00 m
Axial
(kN)
Shear X
(kN)
Shear Z
(kN)
Moment X
(kNm)
Moment Z
(kNm)
74.877
99.102
5.015
1.482
-348.409
-279.122
-0.531
137.333
17.802
0.941
-67.530
-185.540
-5.085
-1.439
488.882
281.613
0.436
-82.371
-13.372
-0.766
203.757
-6.409
-1.239
2.688
6.289
10
16.648
-2.920
-0.046
0.267
2.133
11
285.260
-8.973
-1.735
3.763
8.804
12
271.146
-12.363
-1.561
3.654
10.959
13
261.157
-10.611
-1.533
3.493
9.679
14
304.410
71.590
2.525
4.412
-271.181
15
21.211
-8.116
108.379
17.467
8.299
16
190.484
-156.123
-5.555
2.075
398.652
17
469.799
-7.343
-67.384
-7.472
6.934
18
380.960
147.952
6.491
5.865
-547.775
19
-185.438
-11.461
218.200
31.977
11.185
20
153.108
-307.475
-9.669
1.191
791.890
21
711.737
-9.914
-133.327
-17.902
8.455
22
261.157
-10.611
-1.533
3.493
9.679
23
261.157
-10.611
-1.533
3.493
9.679
24
261.157
-10.611
-1.533
3.493
9.679
25
261.157
-10.611
-1.533
3.493
9.679
26
303.185
152.795
6.909
4.791
-551.795
27
-263.213
-6.618
218.618
30.903
7.166
28
75.333
-302.632
-9.251
0.117
787.871
29
633.962
-5.072
-132.909
-18.976
4.435
30
183.381
-5.768
-1.115
2.419
5.660
31
183.381
-5.768
-1.115
2.419
5.660
32
183.381
-5.768
-1.115
2.419
5.660
33
183.381
-5.768
-1.115
2.419
5.660
34 | P a g e
Axial
(kN)
Shear X
(kN)
Shear Z
(kN)
Moment X
(kNm)
Moment Z
(kNm)
74.877
99.102
5.015
1.482
-348.409
-279.122
-0.531
137.333
17.802
0.941
-67.530
-185.540
-5.085
-1.439
488.882
281.613
0.436
-82.371
-13.372
-0.766
203.757
-6.409
-1.239
2.688
6.289
10
16.648
-2.920
-0.046
0.267
2.133
11
285.260
-8.973
-1.735
3.763
8.804
12
271.146
-12.363
-1.561
3.654
10.959
13
261.157
-10.611
-1.533
3.493
9.679
14
304.410
71.590
2.525
4.412
-271.181
15
21.211
-8.116
108.379
17.467
8.299
16
190.484
-156.123
-5.555
2.075
398.652
17
469.799
-7.343
-67.384
-7.472
6.934
18
380.960
147.952
6.491
5.865
-547.775
19
-185.438
-11.461
218.200
31.977
11.185
20
153.108
-307.475
-9.669
1.191
791.890
21
711.737
-9.914
-133.327
-17.902
8.455
22
261.157
-10.611
-1.533
3.493
9.679
23
261.157
-10.611
-1.533
3.493
9.679
24
261.157
-10.611
-1.533
3.493
9.679
25
261.157
-10.611
-1.533
3.493
9.679
26
303.185
152.795
6.909
4.791
-551.795
27
-263.213
-6.618
218.618
30.903
7.166
28
75.333
-302.632
-9.251
0.117
787.871
29
633.962
-5.072
-132.909
-18.976
4.435
30
183.381
-5.768
-1.115
2.419
5.660
31
183.381
-5.768
-1.115
2.419
5.660
32
183.381
-5.768
-1.115
2.419
5.660
33
183.381
-5.768
-1.115
2.419
5.660
P / qmax = 3.621 m2
Lo * Wo = 1.00 m2
35 | P a g e
8.60 m
# 28
Width (W2) =
8.60 m
# 28
Depth (D2) =
0.50 m
# 28
Load Case
Pressure at
corner 1
(q1)
(kN/m^2)
Pressure at
corner 2
(q2)
(kN/m^2)
Pressure at
corner 3
(q3)
(kN/m^2)
Pressure at
corner 4
(q4)
(kN/m^2)
Area of footing
in uplift (Au)
(m2)
20
23.4557
5.6150
5.6837
23.5244
-0.0000
21
21.4516
21.1986
22.7940
23.0471
-0.0000
21
21.4516
21.1986
22.7940
23.0471
-0.0000
18
23.4297
11.6994
11.8712
23.6015
-0.0000
Load Case
Pressure at
corner 1 (q1)
Pressure at
corner 2 (q2)
Pressure at
corner 3 (q3)
Pressure at
corner 4 (q4)
(kN/m^2)
(kN/m^2)
(kN/m^2)
(kN/m^2)
36 | P a g e
20
23.4557
5.6150
5.6837
23.5244
21
21.4516
21.1986
22.7940
23.0471
21
21.4516
21.1986
22.7940
23.0471
18
23.4297
11.6994
11.8712
23.6015
Load Case
No.
Along XDirection
Along ZDirection
About XDirection
About ZDirection
5.042
99.634
1077.012
10.798
607.904
2.350
32.092
2299.745
2.309
84.264
925.514
6.335
1384.520
7.321
95.058
5274.047
88.014
455.234
2345.246
511.025
10
161.146
10206.828
16563.146
1126.246
11
67.409
348.657
1796.190
391.387
12
48.353
383.021
1789.319
299.929
37 | P a g e
13
55.866
386.674
1869.768
340.213
14
8.583
243.336
931.256
17.213
15
58.261
4.363
56.748
329.068
16
3.571
100.358
6821.752
10.057
17
94.942
10.346
145.646
565.310
18
4.412
100.556
616.140
9.028
19
32.242
1.693
22.525
187.861
20
1.752
55.724
1271.710
4.900
21
82.517
6.136
83.198
524.584
22
55.866
386.674
1869.768
340.213
23
55.866
386.674
1869.768
340.213
24
55.866
386.674
1869.768
340.213
25
55.866
386.674
1869.768
340.213
26
4.017
88.846
640.209
8.403
27
49.961
1.512
20.279
271.454
28
1.652
54.037
953.567
4.577
29
153.646
5.863
78.441
961.341
30
96.027
496.681
2558.767
557.551
31
96.027
496.681
2558.767
557.551
32
96.027
496.681
2558.767
557.551
33
96.027
496.681
2558.767
557.551
Critical Load Case And The Governing Factor Of Safety For Overturning And
Sliding - X Direction
Critical Load Case for Sliding along X-Direction : 28
Governing Disturbing Force : -302.632 kN
Governing Restoring Force : 499.900 kN
Minimum Sliding Ratio for the Critical Load Case : 1.652
Critical Load Case for Overturning about X-Direction : 27
Governing Overturning Moment : 140.210 kNm
Governing Resisting Moment : 2843.342 kNm
Minimum Overturning Ratio for the Critical Load Case : 20.279
38 | P a g e
Critical Load Case And The Governing Factor Of Safety For Overturning And
Sliding - Z Direction
Critical Load Case for Sliding along Z-Direction : 27
Governing Disturbing Force : 218.618 kN
Governing Restoring Force : 330.627 kN
Minimum Sliding Ratio for the Critical Load Case : 1.512
Critical Load Case for Overturning about Z-Direction : 28
Governing Overturning Moment : 939.184 kNm
Governing Resisting Moment : 4299.062 kNm
Minimum Overturning Ratio for the Critical Load Case : 4.577
Shear Calculation
Punching Shear Check
3.90 m
2657.25 kN
4368.42 kN
2748.88 kN
1992.94 kN
3032.06 kN
4.90 m
40 | P a g e
Check that 0.75 * Vc > Vux where Vux is the shear force for the critical load cases at a
distance deff from the face of the column caused by bending about the X axis.
From above calculations,
0.75 * Vc =
2274.05 kN
320.71 kN
0.75 * Vc > Vux hence, OK
Along Z Direction
3032.06 kN
3.50 m
Check that 0.75 * Vc > Vuz where Vuz is the shear force for the critical load cases at
a distance deff from the face of the column caused by bending about the Z axis.
From above calculations,
0.75 * Vc =
2274.05 kN
41 | P a g e
291.95 kN
0.75 * Vc > Vuz hence, OK
Calculate the flexural reinforcement along the X direction of the footing. Find the
area of steel required, A, as per Section 3.8 of Reinforced Concrete Design (5th ed.)
by Salmon and Wang (Ref. 1)
Critical Load Case # 21
The strength values of steel and concrete used in the formulae are in ksi
Factor
for Fc'
4 ksi,
0.85
0.02573
0.01929
0.00180
19.53
42 | P a g e
3.93 m
Ultimate moment,
643.30 kNm
714.78 kNm
Required =
0.00180
Since
OK
10.19 in2
#8
3875.00 mm
Area of one bar =
0.08 in2
131
Because the number of bars is rounded up, make sure new reinforcement
ratio < max
Total reinforcement area, As_total =
10.21 in2
0.45 m
0.00172
65.32 mm
43 | P a g e
Calculate the flexural reinforcement along the Z direction of the footing. Find the
area of steel required, A, as per Section 3.8 of Reinforced Concrete Design (5th ed.)
by Salmon and Wang (Ref. 1)
Critical Load Case # 21
The strength values of steel and concrete used in the formulae are in ksi
Factor
for Fc'
4 ksi,
0.85
0.02573
0.01929
0.00180
19.53
4.47 m
743.82 kNm
44 | P a g e
826.46 kNm
Required =
0.00180
Since
OK
10.00 in2
#8
4075.00 mm
Area of one bar =
0.08 in2
129
Because the number of bars is rounded up, make sure new reinforcement
ratio < max
Total reinforcement area, As_total =
10.05 in2
0.42 m
0.00179
58.34 mm
Bending moment for uplift cases will be calculated based solely on selfweight, soil
depth and surcharge loading.
As the footing size has already been determined based on all servicebility load cases,
and design moment calculation is based on selfweight, soil depth and surcharge
only, top reinforcement value for all pure uplift load cases will be the same.
45 | P a g e
for Fc'
4 ksi,
0.85
0.02573
0.01929
0.00180
19.53
4.13 m
Ultimate moment,
0.00 kNm
0.00 kNm
Required =
0.00180
Since
OK
10.00 in2
46 | P a g e
for Fc'
4 ksi,
0.85
0.02573
0.01929
0.00180
19.53
3.93 m
Ultimate moment,
0.00 kNm
0.00 kNm
Required =
0.00180
Since
OK
10.19 in2
47 | P a g e
Foundation geometry
Isolated Footing 22
48 | P a g e
Input Values
Footing Geomtery
Footing Thickness (Ft) : 500.00 mm
Footing Length - X (Fl) : 1000.00 mm
Footing Width - Z (Fw) : 1000.00 mm
Eccentricity along X (Oxd) : 0.00 mm
Eccentricity along Z (Ozd) : 0.00 mm
Column Dimensions
Column Rectangular
Shape :
Column 0.35 m
Length - X
(Pl) :
Column 0.75 m
Width - Z
(Pw) :
Pedestal
Include No
Pedestal?
Pedestal N/A
Shape :
Pedestal N/A
Height (Ph) :
Pedestal N/A
Length - X
(Pl) :
Pedestal N/A
Width - Z
(Pw) :
Design Parameters
Concrete and Rebar Properties
49 | P a g e
Soil Properties
Soil Type : UnDrained
Unit Weight : 22.00 kN/m3
Soil Bearing Capacity : 200.00 kN/m2
Soil Surcharge : 0.00 kN/m2
Depth of Soil above Footing : 0.00 mm
Undrained Shear Strength : 0.00 N/mm2
50 | P a g e
Design Calculations
Footing Size
Initial Length (Lo) = 1.00 m
Initial Width (Wo) = 1.00 m
Axial
(kN)
Shear X
(kN)
Shear Z
(kN)
Moment X
(kNm)
Moment Z
(kNm)
143.492
39.564
0.810
2.667
-89.934
-51.735
-0.158
133.489
212.281
0.228
-161.307
-116.049
-0.540
-1.791
131.958
51.575
0.137
-59.207
-172.287
-0.191
295.056
5.351
-7.561
-5.781
-4.472
10
44.544
3.108
0.009
0.022
-2.647
11
413.078
7.491
-10.585
-8.094
-6.261
12
425.337
11.393
-9.058
-6.903
-9.602
13
398.611
9.529
-9.064
-6.916
-8.014
14
468.860
38.072
-8.425
-4.804
-77.314
15
312.678
6.294
97.718
162.887
-5.184
16
225.021
-86.419
-9.505
-8.370
100.199
17
395.327
6.530
-56.439
-144.767
-5.519
18
628.197
72.830
-7.768
-2.648
-151.908
19
315.834
9.275
204.519
332.734
-7.648
20
140.520
-176.150
-9.928
-9.781
203.118
21
481.131
9.747
-103.795
-282.574
-8.319
22
398.611
9.529
-9.064
-6.916
-8.014
23
398.611
9.529
-9.064
-6.916
-8.014
24
398.611
9.529
-9.064
-6.916
-8.014
25
398.611
9.529
-9.064
-6.916
-8.014
26
495.137
68.117
-5.509
-0.935
-147.920
27
182.774
4.562
206.778
334.446
-3.660
28
7.459
-180.863
-7.669
-8.068
207.107
29
348.070
5.034
-101.536
-280.861
-4.330
30
265.550
4.816
-6.805
-5.203
-4.025
31
265.550
4.816
-6.805
-5.203
-4.025
32
265.550
4.816
-6.805
-5.203
-4.025
33
265.550
4.816
-6.805
-5.203
-4.025
51 | P a g e
Axial
(kN)
Shear X
(kN)
Shear Z
(kN)
Moment X
(kNm)
Moment Z
(kNm)
143.492
39.564
0.810
2.667
-89.934
-51.735
-0.158
133.489
212.281
0.228
-161.307
-116.049
-0.540
-1.791
131.958
51.575
0.137
-59.207
-172.287
-0.191
295.056
5.351
-7.561
-5.781
-4.472
10
44.544
3.108
0.009
0.022
-2.647
11
413.078
7.491
-10.585
-8.094
-6.261
12
425.337
11.393
-9.058
-6.903
-9.602
13
398.611
9.529
-9.064
-6.916
-8.014
14
468.860
38.072
-8.425
-4.804
-77.314
15
312.678
6.294
97.718
162.887
-5.184
16
225.021
-86.419
-9.505
-8.370
100.199
17
395.327
6.530
-56.439
-144.767
-5.519
18
628.197
72.830
-7.768
-2.648
-151.908
19
315.834
9.275
204.519
332.734
-7.648
20
140.520
-176.150
-9.928
-9.781
203.118
21
481.131
9.747
-103.795
-282.574
-8.319
22
398.611
9.529
-9.064
-6.916
-8.014
23
398.611
9.529
-9.064
-6.916
-8.014
24
398.611
9.529
-9.064
-6.916
-8.014
25
398.611
9.529
-9.064
-6.916
-8.014
26
495.137
68.117
-5.509
-0.935
-147.920
27
182.774
4.562
206.778
334.446
-3.660
28
7.459
-180.863
-7.669
-8.068
207.107
29
348.070
5.034
-101.536
-280.861
-4.330
30
265.550
4.816
-6.805
-5.203
-4.025
31
265.550
4.816
-6.805
-5.203
-4.025
32
265.550
4.816
-6.805
-5.203
-4.025
33
265.550
4.816
-6.805
-5.203
-4.025
52 | P a g e
P / qmax = 3.203 m2
Lo * Wo = 1.00 m2
6.55 m
# 28
Width (W2) =
6.55 m
# 28
Depth (D2) =
0.50 m
# 28
Load Case
Pressure at
corner 1
(q1)
(kN/m^2)
Pressure at
corner 2
(q2)
(kN/m^2)
Pressure at
corner 3
(q3)
(kN/m^2)
Pressure at
corner 4
(q4)
(kN/m^2)
Area of footing
in uplift (Au)
(m2)
18
31.0236
22.9815
23.2604
31.3025
-0.0000
18
31.0236
22.9815
23.2604
31.3025
-0.0000
21
16.8542
16.2908
30.5740
31.1373
-0.0000
18
31.0236
22.9815
23.2604
31.3025
-0.0000
53 | P a g e
Pressure at
corner 2 (q2)
Pressure at
corner 3 (q3)
Pressure at
corner 4 (q4)
Load Case
(kN/m^2)
(kN/m^2)
(kN/m^2)
(kN/m^2)
18
31.0236
22.9815
23.2604
31.3025
18
31.0236
22.9815
23.2604
31.3025
21
16.8542
16.2908
30.5740
31.1373
18
31.0236
22.9815
23.2604
31.3025
Load Case
No.
Along XDirection
Along ZDirection
About XDirection
About ZDirection
8.591
419.533
724.576
20.290
1528.905
1.815
5.687
5158.545
1.616
347.159
595.886
6.464
54 | P a g e
2152.745
4.964
9.536
7438.992
77.684
54.975
284.738
380.895
10
93.442
31772.244
72461.427
452.804
11
63.366
44.843
232.259
310.693
12
42.200
53.078
275.476
205.850
13
49.056
51.572
267.451
239.604
14
13.200
59.652
365.102
34.164
15
67.440
4.344
13.130
333.715
16
4.405
40.046
189.993
17.385
17
71.331
8.253
17.637
347.314
18
7.994
74.956
583.845
20.250
19
45.935
2.083
6.415
227.138
20
1.921
34.085
150.320
7.612
21
52.190
4.901
9.962
252.570
22
49.056
51.572
267.451
239.604
23
49.056
51.572
267.451
239.604
24
49.056
51.572
267.451
239.604
25
49.056
51.572
267.451
239.604
26
7.571
93.618
915.493
18.561
27
78.806
1.739
5.378
396.381
28
1.503
35.450
149.604
5.985
29
87.835
4.355
8.733
422.980
30
83.252
58.916
305.147
408.195
31
83.252
58.916
305.147
408.195
32
83.252
58.916
305.147
408.195
33
83.252
58.916
305.147
408.195
Critical Load Case And The Governing Factor Of Safety For Overturning And
Sliding - X Direction
Critical Load Case for Sliding along X-Direction : 28
Governing Disturbing Force : -180.863 kN
Governing Restoring Force : 271.861 kN
Minimum Sliding Ratio for the Critical Load Case : 1.503
55 | P a g e
Critical Load Case And The Governing Factor Of Safety For Overturning And
Sliding - Z Direction
Critical Load Case for Sliding along Z-Direction : 27
Governing Disturbing Force : 206.778 kN
Governing Restoring Force : 359.518 kN
Minimum Sliding Ratio for the Critical Load Case : 1.739
Critical Load Case for Overturning about Z-Direction : 28
Governing Overturning Moment : 297.537 kNm
Governing Resisting Moment : 1780.656 kNm
Minimum Overturning Ratio for the Critical Load Case : 5.985
56 | P a g e
Shear Calculation
Punching Shear Check
3.90 m
2657.25 kN
4368.42 kN
2748.88 kN
1992.94 kN
57 | P a g e
2309.30 kN
4.07 m
Check that 0.75 * Vc > Vux where Vux is the shear force for the critical load cases at a
distance deff from the face of the column caused by bending about the X axis.
From above calculations,
Critical load case for Vux is # 21
0.75 * Vc =
1731.98 kN
253.86 kN
0.75 * Vc > Vux hence, OK
58 | P a g e
Along Z Direction
2309.30 kN
2.68 m
Check that 0.75 * Vc > Vuz where Vuz is the shear force for the critical load cases at
a distance deff from the face of the column caused by bending about the Z axis.
From above calculations,
Critical load case for Vuz is # 18
0.75 * Vc =
1731.98 kN
298.27 kN
0.75 * Vc > Vuz hence, OK
59 | P a g e
Calculate the flexural reinforcement along the X direction of the footing. Find the
area of steel required, A, as per Section 3.8 of Reinforced Concrete Design (5th ed.)
by Salmon and Wang (Ref. 1)
Critical Load Case # 18
The strength values of steel and concrete used in the formulae are in ksi
Factor
for Fc'
4 ksi,
0.85
0.02573
0.01929
0.00180
19.53
3.10 m
547.42 kNm
60 | P a g e
608.24 kNm
Required =
0.00180
Since
OK
7.76 in2
#8
3050.00 mm
Area of one bar =
0.08 in2
100
Because the number of bars is rounded up, make sure new reinforcement
ratio < max
Total reinforcement area, As_total =
7.79 in2
0.45 m
0.00172
65.07 mm
61 | P a g e
Calculate the flexural reinforcement along the Z direction of the footing. Find the
area of steel required, A, as per Section 3.8 of Reinforced Concrete Design (5th ed.)
by Salmon and Wang (Ref. 1)
Critical Load Case # 21
The strength values of steel and concrete used in the formulae are in ksi
Factor
for Fc'
4 ksi,
0.85
0.02573
0.01929
0.00180
19.53
3.65 m
447.60 kNm
62 | P a g e
497.34 kNm
Required =
0.00180
Since
OK
7.61 in2
#8
2850.00 mm
Area of one bar =
0.08 in2
98
Because the number of bars is rounded up, make sure new reinforcement
ratio < max
Total reinforcement area, As_total =
7.64 in2
0.42 m
0.00178
58.41 mm
Bending moment for uplift cases will be calculated based solely on selfweight, soil
depth and surcharge loading.
As the footing size has already been determined based on all servicebility load cases,
and design moment calculation is based on selfweight, soil depth and surcharge
only, top reinforcement value for all pure uplift load cases will be the same.
The strength values of steel and concrete used in the formulae are in ksi
Factor
for Fc'
4 ksi,
0.85
0.02573
0.01929
0.00180
19.53
2.90 m
Ultimate moment,
0.00 kNm
0.00 kNm
Required =
0.00180
Since
OK
7.61 in2
64 | P a g e
for Fc'
4 ksi,
0.85
0.02573
0.01929
0.00180
19.53
3.10 m
Ultimate moment,
0.00 kNm
0.00 kNm
Required =
0.00180
Since
OK
7.76 in2
65 | P a g e
Conclusion
I had the opportunity to learn how to use STAAD Pro software to analyze and design
two-way solid slab as well as one-way ribbed slab. Also, a hand calculation check on analysis
of the results of typical structural members gave us knowledge about checking the adequacy
of design to meet the criteria set by codes of practice. Furthermore, i was exposed to STAAD
Pro Foundation Software, which gave us new ideas about designing the foundations of a
building.
Additionally, in CE 315 project i had the chance to design a beam, column and foundation.
66 | P a g e
References
ACI Committee. Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318-08)
and Commentary. Farmington Hills: American Concrete Institute, 2008.
67 | P a g e