Parts of Speech

Noun

A naming word. It names a person, place, thing, idea, living creature, quality, or action.
Examples: cowboy, theatre, box, thought, tree, kindness, arrival

Verb

A word which describes an action (doing something) or a state (being something).

Examples: walk, talk, think, believe, live, like, want

Adjective

A word that describes a noun. It tells you something about the noun.
Examples: big, yellow, thin, amazing, beautiful, quick, important

Adverb

A word which can describe verbs and adjectives. It tells you how something is done. It may also tell
you when or where something happened. Why?, how?, when? where? how much?
Examples: slowly, intelligently, well, yesterday, tomorrow, here, everywhere

Pronoun

Used instead of a noun, to avoid repeating the noun.

Examples: I, you, he, she, it, we, they

Joins words, phrases or clauses together.

Conjunction Examples: for, and, nor, but, or, yet (coordinating) - after, although, as, because, if, since, when, while
(subordinating). A subordinating conjunction introduces a dependent clause.
Preposition

Usually comes before a noun, pronoun or noun phrase. It joins the noun to some other part of the
sentence.
Examples: on, in, by, with, under, through, at

An unusual kind of word, because it often stands alone. Interjections are words which express emotion
Interjection or surprise, and they are usually followed by exclamation marks.
Examples: Ouch!, Hello!, Hurray!, Oh no!, Ha!
Article

Used to introduce a noun.

Examples: the, a, an
http://web2.uvcs.uvic.ca/elc/studyzone/330/grammar/parts.htm

The verb
The noun
The pronoun
The proper noun
The adjective
The adverb
The preposition
The conjunction
The interjection.
Clauses

eat, dance, play, work, study

He is always under the big tree, but not today
floor, computer, table, sky, shoes She sometimes dances amazingly on the floor
he, she, it, I, you, they, we
He always is in the beautiful park.
John, Costa Rica, Maria, Cenfotec I study at Cenfotec.
amazing, pretty, smart, big, red
Amanda plays with her new computer everyday
always, likely, many, first, quickly Angie was running quickly on the pretty beach
under, to, for, on, at
Wow, Alex is probably the best liar in the world
but, and, or, so, because
Paola was quietly reading a scary book, but she fell asleep.
ouch, wow, oh my god, ahh,
Oh no, I suddenly felt the earth shake.

Independent: A group of words with subject and verb (predicate). An independent clause is a sentence. One can join
independent clauses with a period (.), semicolon (;), or a conjunction.
I like to ride my bike. It is fun.
Dependent: A group of words with a subject and verb, but does not express a complete though. It depends on an
independent clause. One uses a comma (,) to join a dependent and independent clause.
When I ride my bike, I go to the park.
http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/598/01/
SVO: Subject + verb + object
The object: a word or phrase in a sentence referring to the person or thing receiving the action.
I like apples
Subject complement with verb to be. That is a car
Tenses
Past

Simple Past: Subject + past verb.

Do: Did + subject + verb?
Subject + did
Be: Was/were + subject...?
Subject + was/were
Present Perfect: Has/have + subject + past participle?
Subject + has/have + past participle
Past continuous: Subject + was/were + verb-ing.
Present Perfect Continuous: Subject + has/have + been + verb-ing
Past Perfect: Subject + had +past participle
Had + subject + past participle?

I walked.
Did Gwen walk?
Yes, she did.
Was Gwen at the party?
Yes, she was.
Has Gwen eaten?
No, she has not.
She was dancing, and then she fell.
Gwen has been eating.
I had already eaten.
Had you already eaten?

o What are some past time expressions? A few years ago In the past In the nineteenth century in the 60s
Present
Simple Present: Subject + verb
Do: Do/does + subject + verb?
Subject + do/does
Be: Be + subject+...?
Subject + be
Present continuous: Be + subject + present participle?
Subject + be + present participle

Bryan sings.
Does Bryan sing?
Yes, he does.
Is Bryan in the bathroom?
No, he is not.
Are Bryan and Tao fighting?
No, they are not.

o What are some present time expressions? These days Today Nowadays This year
Future
Will: Will + subject + verb?
Subject + will + verb
Be: Be + subject+ going to?
Subject + be + going to.

Will Felix eat?

Yes, he will.
Is Felix going to eat?
Yes, he is going to eat.

o What are some future time expressions? Soon In twenty years In the future In a year in twenty years.
Modal verbs: can, must, may, might, will, would, should. Auxiliary verbs used to be polite or formal. They can express
ability, obligation, possibility, and give advice. They do not need an additional auxiliary in negatives or questions. For
example: Must I come? (Do I must come?), or: He shouldn't smoke (He doesn't should smoke).. http://esl.fis.edu/
grammar/rules/modal.htm
Verbals
Gerund: verb + ing (noun)
Playing is fun.
Infinitive: to + verb (noun, adverb, adjective)
To play is fun. He left to go home. He has a game to play.
Participles (adjective):
The crying baby is tired.
Present: verb + ing
Past: verb + ed (or irregular) The tired baby is crying.
http://www.towson.edu/ows/verbals.html