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1. Heat and
Acetic Acid
Test
2. Extons or
Sulfosalicylic
Acid Test
3. Hellers
Test
4. Roberts
Test
1. Kwileckis
Modification
of Esbachs
Method
2. Kingsbury
and Clark
Method
Albumin: Quantitative
- 24 hour urine
- 10% Ferric
chloride
- Esbachs
reagent (Picric
acid & citric
acid)
- waterbath
(72C)
- 24 hour urine
- 3% SSA
Fill urine to U
mark + 10
drops of FeCl3
-> Fill with
Esbachs
reagent up to
R mark ->
place in water
bath for 5 mins
2.5 ml
centrifuged
urine + 7.5 ml
Positive Result
(+) cloudy
(+)
precipitation
and turbidity
- height of
coagulum
(grams%)g/1000ml urine
g%- divide by
10
(+)
precipitation,
flocculation,
3% SSA (up to
the 10 ml mark)
-> MIX and
stand for 10
mins.
1. Benedicts
Test
turbidity
reagent (copper
-> MIX -> Heat
oxide
sulfate,
sodium
in boiling water
- Potassium sodium
citrate,
sodium
bath (2-3 mins)
tartrate prevents
carbonate)
precipitation of
In hot alkaline
soln,
copper hydroxide
2. Fehlings
Test
3. Nylanders
Test
- Urine (Freshly
voided or
random)
- Fehlings A
(cupric sulfate)
- Fehlings B
(Rochelles salt,
KOH)
In hot alkaline
soln,
Bismuth salts
glucose
metallic bismuth
4. MooreHellers Test
Caramelization of
glucose by strong
alkali with the aid
of heat
- Urine (Freshly
voided or
random)
- Nylanders
reagent
(Rochelles
salth, 10%
NaOH/KOH,
Bismuth
subnitrate)
- Urine (Freshly
voided or
random)
- Moore-Hellers
reagent (10%
KOH)
2 parts urine + 1
part 10% KOH
-> boil the
upper portion
(2-3 mins)
(+)
green/yellow
ppt
Blackpresence of
sugar
Brown- trace
of sugar
No change in
color- negative
* soln turns
black after
coolingsubstances
other than
sugar
(+) yellow up
to dark brown/
black