DESIGN OF CANTILEVER RETAINING WALL

Data:Height of Retaining wall(h) =

Height of wall above G.L=
Height of wall below G.L=
Density of back fill soil&material in toe portion(y) =
Grade of concrete =
Grade of steel =
Ground water Table level =
Angle of shearing resistance of back fill material&material at toe portion(Q) =
Angle of face of wall supporting earth with horizontal(a)(In degrees)
(in clock wise direction)
Slope of back fill(b) =
Angle of wall friction (q) =
Undrained Cohesion ( c) =
Safe bearing capacity(SBC) =
Surcharge over the back fill(s) =
(Assumed)
Characteristic compressive strength =
Tensile strength of steel =
Unit weight of RCC =
Unit weight of PCC =

Coefficient of active earth pressure by Coulomb's theory

Ka =
sina

sin(a-q)

Sin(a+Q) =SIN[3.14*(85.58+30)/180] =
Sin(a-q) = SIN[3.14*(85.58-15)/180] =
Sina =
SIN[3.14*(85.58)/180] =
Sin(Q+q) =SIN[3.14*(30+15)/180] =
Sin(Q-b) = SIN[3.14*(30-0)/180] =
Sin(a+b) = SIN[3.14*(85.58+0)/180] =

0.902
0.943
0.997
0.707
0.5
0.997

From the above expression,

Ka =

0.32

Dimensions of the Cantilever wall(Assumed for preliminary design):-

Thickness of base slab =

Width of the heel slab =
Thickness of stem at bottom =
Thickness of stem at top =
Length of the toe =

3.20m

C
1.00m

2.00m

Earth pressure at top including surcharge = K ays =

Earth pressure at bottom including surcharge = K ay(s+h) =

Pressure distribution is as shown below:345.6

3.20m

2188.8

345.6

Area of the rectangular portion =

Area of the triangular portion =

Taking moments of the areas about the toe of the wall

S.No
1

Descriptio

Area

Lever arm

Rectangular

1105.92

1.6

Moment
1769.472

Triangular

3502.08

1.0666666667

4608.00

3735.552
5505.024

Height from the bottom of the wall =

1.19m

The active Earth pressure acts on the abutment as shown below:-

0.15

17.64
3.200m

87.36
0.30m
0.06
Total earth pressure acting on the wall per 1m length P =

Horizontal component of the earth pressure Ph =

Vertical component of the earth pressure Pv =

Eccentricity of vertical component of earth pressure =

Total earth pressure =

It acts at a hieght of
from the base
Stability calculations:-

Weight of the rectangular portion of stem =

Weight of the rectangular portion of stem =

Wieght of base slab =

Wieght of soil on heel including surcharge =

Vertical component of earth pressure =

Note:-Weight of soil on the toe is neglected on the assumption that,it is scour

Horizontal earth pressure force =

Lever arm x =

M=
V

1.47m

Eccentricuty e = b/2-x =

0.03m

Maximum stress =

P/A(1+6e/b) =

Minimum stress =

P/A(1-6e/b) =

<b/6

6213.97 < SBC

5510.5

Coefficient of friction between soil and footing u =

Factor of safety against sliding =(uFxW)/Ph =

0.5
2

Moment of overturning force,ie,Horizontal component of earth pressure about

Moment of restoring forces about toe 'C' =
Factor of safety against overturning =

Design of heel:Length of heel =

Downward load intensity due to self weight of base slab =

Downward load intensity due to soil including surcharge =

5.94

TOTAL
The upward pressure distribution below the base slab is as given below:F

6213.97

1.00m

0.30m

1.70m

The upward pressure intensity at point 'F' is

The upward pressure intensity at point 'G' is

Total upward pressure force on heel portion due to soil reaction =

The distance of centroid of upward soil reaction from 'G' is =

The distance of centroid of downward load intensity from 'G' is =
Resultant moment =

Factored bending moment Mu =

Effective depth required d =

Over all depth provided =

Mu/0.138fckb =
300.00mm

Effective depth provided(Assuming 50mm cover) d =

Mu/bd2 =

1.044

From table 2 of SP 16,percentage of steel required =

Area of steel required =

Hence provide 12mm dia HYSD bars@ 125mm c/c spacing

Hence Ast provided =

904.32sqmm

Check for shear:The critical section for beam shear is at distance of 'd' from the face of the support
Hence,the factored design shear force VFd =

70.26KN

at a distance 'd' from the face of the support

Nominal shear stress Tv =

0.29N/sqmm <2.8 N/sqmm

(As per Table 20 of 1S 456)

Hence,the section is safe from shear point of view

Assumed percentage area of the steel reinforcement =

0.37%

The design shear strength of concrete for the above steel percentage from
Table 19 of IS 456 is
0.42
0.51>0.29
Hence,the depth provided is safe from beam shear point of view
Hence,no shear reinforcement is required.
Provide temperature re inforcement @ 0.15%
Area required =

450.00sqmm

Taking 10mm dia HYSD bars,the spacing comes to

Hence provide 10mm dia bars @ 150mm c/c

Design of wall or stem:Factored bending moment Mu =

Effective depth required d =

Over all depth provided =

Mu/0.138fckb =
300.00mm

Effective depth provided(Assuming 50mm cover) d =

Mu/bd2 =

1.344

From table 2 of SP 16,percentage of steel required =

Area of steel required =
Hence provide 12mm dia HYSD bars@ 100mm c/c spacing
Hence Ast provided =

1130.40sqmm

Check for shear:The critical section for beam shear is at distance of 'd' from the face of the support
Hence,the factored design shear force VFd =

65.87KN

at a distance 'd' from the face of the support

Nominal shear stress Tv =

0.27N/sqmm <2.8 N/sqmm

(As per Table 20 of 1S 456)

Hence,the section is safe from shear point of view

Assumed percentage area of the steel reinforcement =

0.47%

The design shear strength of concrete for the above steel percentage from
Table 19 of IS 456 is
0.474
0.483>0.27
Hence,the depth provided is safe from beam shear point of view
Hence,no shear reinforcement is required.
Provide temperature re inforcement @ 0.15%
Area required =

337.50sqmm

Provide 1/3rd of above reinforcement on earthen side

Provide 8mm dia @ 200mm c/c on earthen side

Provide 2/3rd of above reinforcement on other side =

Provide 8mm dia @ 150mm c/c on other side

Provide 10mm bars at 300mm c/c vertically on the outer face to sup

Design of Toe:Length of toe =

Downward load intensity due to self weight =
Downward load intensity due to soil including surcharge =
TOTAL
The upward pressure distribution below the base slab is as given below:F

6213.97

1.00m

0.30m

1.70m

The upward pressure intensity at point 'F' is

The upward pressure intensity at end of toe is

Total upward pressure force on heel portion due to soil reaction =

The distance of centroid of upward soil reaction from 'F' is =

The distance of centroid of downward load intensity from 'G' is =
Resultant moment =
Factored bending moment Mu =
Effective depth required d =
Over all depth provided =

Mu/0.138fckb =
300.00mm

Effective depth provided(Assuming 50mm cover) d =

Mu/bd2 =

0.498

From table 2 of SP 16,percentage of steel required =

Min.percentage of steel as per IS 456 =
Area of steel required =
Hence provide 12mm dia HYSD bars@ 150mm c/c spacing
Hence Ast provided =

753.60sqmm

Check for shear:The critical section for beam shear is at distance of 'd' from the face of the support
Hence,the factored design shear force VFd =

57.70KN

at a distance 'd' from the face of the support

Nominal shear stress Tv =

0.24N/sqmm <2.8 N/sqmm

(As per Table 20 of 1S 456)

Hence,the section is safe from shear point of view

Assumed percentage area of the steel reinforcement =

0.31%

The design shear strength of concrete for the above steel percentage from
Table 19 of IS 456 is
0.391
0.391>0.24
Hence,no shear reinforcement is required.
Provide temperature re inforcement @ 0.15%
Area required =

450.00sqmm

Taking 10mm dia HYSD bars,the spacing comes to

Hence,provide 10mm dia bars @ 150mm c/c

AINING WALL

3.20m
3.20m
0.00m
1800Kg/Cum
M25
Fe415

tion(Q) =

30
87.36
0
15
1600Kg/sqm
6500Kg/sqm
0.60m
20N/sqmm
415N/sqmm
2500Kg/Cum
2400Kg/Cum

Sin(a+Q)
sin(Q+q)sin(Q-b)
sin(a+b)

0.30m
2.00m
0.30m
0.15m
1.00m

345.6Kg/sqm

2188.8Kg/sqm

1105.92
3502.08
4608

1.19m

4608.00Kg

4391.55Kg

1395.70Kg

0.09m

4608.0Kg/m

acts at a hieght of
om the base

1.19m

Load(Kg) Lever arm abouMoment(Kg-m)

1200.00Kg

1.08

1290.00

600.00Kg

1.20

720.00

2250.00Kg

1.500

3375.00

###

2.00

24282.00

1395.70Kg

1.06

1479.44

###

31146.44

assumption that,it is scoured.

4391.55

1.19m

-5246.43
25900.01

Hence there is no uplift

Hence safe

>1.5 Hence,the structure is safe

earth pressure about

5246.43Kgm
31146.44Kgm

>2.0 Hence safe.

1.70m
###

###

###

as given below:-

###

###

###

###

0.84m
0.85m
###

###

148.87mm

242.00mm

0.307
###

om the face of the support

l percentage from

eam shear point of view

###

###

168.86mm

242.00mm

0.401
###

om the face of the support

l percentage from

eam shear point of view

###

167.46667

###

334.93333

ally on the outer face to support horizontal 287.08571

1.00m
###
0.00Kg/m
###

as given below:-

###

###

###
###

0.50m
0.50m
###
###
102.76mm

242.00mm

0.142
0.15
###

om the face of the support

l percentage from

###