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Schedule
Introductory Lecture: An overview of the module, in particular to help students to decide
if they want to elect this module.
Following classes: Lectures will be given. Students are expected to complete their simulation
in the class following to the guidelines given in lecture. Please use computers at the front.
30 April 2015 Deadline for Coursework Submission
One submission in one folder per person (all papers with attached CD, nothing electronic)
Title (for submission sheet): Module Coursework
The weighting here is
Optimiser
Q2 30%
Dynamics
Q4 40%
Refrigeration
Q5 30%
Week No
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Lecture Topic
The optimiser tool in computer based engineering tools for two stage
compression system.
The optimiser tool in computer based engineering tools for a
refrigeration system.
Simulation on dynamic behaviour of a process with control system with 3
tanks in series.
Simulation on dynamic behaviour of a process with a separator drum
system.
Investigation on the thermodynamic behaviour of an absorption
refrigeration system (water-ammonia).
Report writing and coursework submission
Q-100 at 0C at RM0.05 / MJ
Q-101at-25C at RM0.10/MJ
Overall heat transfer coefficients U kW / C m2 : E100 = 0.6, E101 = 0.6, E102 = 0.05 (low).
Assume a constant pressure drop of 0.5 bar across each heat exchanger. The capital cost of the
heat exchangers can be included in the cost equation to be minimised by 1000 A07 in RM/year
where A is in m2. Assume 1 year = 8000 hours.
(a)
(b)
You must minimise refrigeration costs + heat exchanger "capital" on the basis of
temperatures of stream 4 and 5 and the flow split at TEE-100. Comment on the
sensitivity of the optimum.
Then repeat but with the added constraint that Q-100 < 3e+6 kJ/h ie there is a limit
on the amount of 0C refrigeration available. (If your optimum result already satisfies
this then decrease the limit.)
136
68
1000
422
150
41
27
14
14
27
Dr Chan Yi Jing,
Dr Chan Yi Jing,
Temperature
Pressure
Flow
Methane
Ethane
Propane
n-Butane
5C
50 bar
1000 kgmol h-1
50
25
15
10
Heater
Pressure drop
Volume
Zones
Product temperature
Heat available
Separator
Pressure drop
Volume
Level set point
0.5 bar
0.5m3
1
25 C
2000 kW
Controllers
Controllers are attached to the separator to control liquid level and vessel pressure. The
main controller (labelled XIC-100) manipulates the heat input to control the methane
molar composition in the vapour product stream. Initially, the set points for these
controllers should be set to the corresponding steady state values for the variables.
Control Valves
Sizing the valves reasonably will also help the control system. I found that using the
linear option worked reasonably well. Assume that pressure drops of around 1 bar are
available on the vapour and liquid product streams. What % opening at steady state should
you assume? You can resize the valves while the dynamic mode is running.
Hints:
1.
Do not spend ages trying to obtain "perfect" controller tuning. Make sure the
controllers work, and give a sensible response (ie stable arid returning to the set point).
2.
Set up strip charts for the required variables, and print these off. You will
need to select different line styles to distinguish between them when printed in black and
white. Some of the transient responses are very rapid. Maybe annotating by hand will
help the clarity. It will be necessary to reduce the sample time from the default value
in order to observe these effects. It will probably also be necessary to reduce the
integration step length from the default value in order to eliminate oscillations caused by
the numerical integration. Potentially there are quite a lot of results to show. Clearly this
is not possible given the limit on the number of pages. A systematic method of analysis
and selective presentation will be helpful. Maybe presenting through Excel plots will help.
3.
You should save your work regularly. When you have a steady state
simulation that you are happy with, save this. Similarly, when you have the process set
up dynamically and running at steady state, save the case at this point (in a different
file) and use this as the base case from which to make the step changes.
4.
Because HYSYS now relates pressure and flowrate more rigorously than it used
to, it will add valves to the output streams in the dynamic mode and the feed flowrate
will change. Can you fix the feed flow or add a flow control system? We will discuss
this in class.