WCDMA BTS as Transmission Hub

WCDMA BTS

Site

Site
Site
Site
Towards RNC

1 NOKIA 2001 RAN Transmission.ppt / BTS PCT

Integrated & Stand-alone AXC

AXU

IFU
IFU
IFU
IFU
IFU

2 NOKIA 2001 RAN Transmission.ppt / BTS PCT

AXC (ATM Cross Connect) is the Integrated ATM Transmission Node of the Nokia WCDMA Basestation
and a Stand-alone ATM Transmission Network Element. The Integrated AXC supported 4 IFU while SAXC support 5 IFU. The S-AXC can be installed in a standard ETSI or 19-inch rack and co-located with
the BTS
S-AXC needed:
In Japan, providing at the RNC site interface conversion for the JT2 and STM-0 interfaces
- No JT2 and STM-0 interfaces are available for the RNC at the moment

Provide additional slots for interface units at WCDMA BTS sites

- At some sites the available 5 slots for interface units in the BTS integrated AXC may not be
sufficient

A Hub for grooming/concentrating WCDMA traffic at a site without WCDMA BTS

AXU - ATM Cross Connect Unit-AXUA

Processor Module

Power module

LED
Ethernet
Q1 management
External clock 120
or
External clock 75

3 NOKIA 2001 RAN Transmission.ppt / BTS PCT

There are two AXU units available: AXUA and AXUB.

AXUB provides the centralized AAL2 feature. It is enabled by the ATM Adaptation Module
(AAM)

Performance:
Switching Capacity: 1.2G
Supported Simultaneous Connections: 1000 (with any mix of VP and VC)
Supported ATM Service Categories: CBR, UBR
Supported Cross-connection: Semi-Permanent Virtual Path Connection, Semi-Permanent
Virtual Channel Connection

AXU - ATM Cross Connect Unit-AXUB

4 NOKIA 2001 RAN Transmission.ppt / BTS PCT

AXUB provides the centralized AAL2 feature. It is enabled by the ATM Adaptation Module
(AAM)

Performance:
Switching Capacity: 1.2G
Supported Simultaneous Connections: 1000 (with any mix of VP and VC)
Supported ATM Service Categories: CBR, UBR
Supported Cross-connection: Semi-Permanent Virtual Path Connection, Semi-Permanent
Virtual Channel Connection

WCDMA BTS Transmission Connections

Flexihopper
max. 16 x 2Mbits/s

IFU Units
BTS
AXU

Metrohopper
max. 4 x 2Mbits/s

3 x Flexbus
interfaces
IFU

Flexbus
cable

IFU
IFU
IFU

3XSTM-0/STM-1
3XOC-1/OC-3i
nterfaces

IFU
AXC

IFU slots available:

Ultrasite EDGE Triple-mode:
Ultrasite WCDMA Supreme:
Ultrasite WCDMA Optima:
Metrosite WCDMA:

1
5
3
1

5 NOKIA 2001 RAN Transmission.ppt / BTS PCT

Nokia
GSM Basestation
DMC Altium
STM-1(155 Mbits/s)

Fiber
cable

Optical Fiber,
SDH equipment or
ATM Leased Lines
Leased Lines or
PDH/SDH equipment

E1/JT1/JT2/T1
interfaces
Copper
cable

GSM Basestations
(Nokia and others)

AXU: ATM Cross Connection Unit. It houses an ATM Switch Fabric, the Local Management Port and clock
distribution circuitry.
IFU: Interface Unit. Provides the physical connection to the outer world. It supports several types of
interfaces and physical media.
Minimum Configuration:
- One ATM Cross Connect Unit, AXU
- One Interface Unit, IFU (any IFU possible)
Maximum Configuration:
- One ATM Cross Connect Unit, AXU.
- Five Interface Units, IFUs (any IFU and any combination of IFUs possible)
Any combination of interfaces and interface units is possible with a very few limitations
- Maximum switching capacity <1.2Gbit/s
- Total amount of physical STM-1 interfaces < 15
- Total amount of physical E1 interfaces <40
- Up to 4 IMA groups per E1 IFU
- Up to 8 IMA groups per Flexbus IFU
- Between 2 and 8 E1 links per IMA group for E1 IFU
- Between 2 and 16 E1 links per IMA group for Flexbus IFU

AXC Transmission Interface Units

IFUA (IFU 8P1 balanced)
8 x E1/T1/JT1 interfaces
(110 / 120 balanced TQ-connectors )
with Inverse Multiplexing for ATM (IMA)
unstructured CES
structured CES
fractional Interface(E1/T1/JT1)
IFUB (IFU 4P2)
4 x JT2 interfaces
(75 BT-43 connectors)
with IMA

6 NOKIA 2001 RAN Transmission.ppt / BTS PCT

IFUA
CES to map TDM traffic in TDM cells
complete E1/T1/JT1 frame transported in ATM cells (unstructured)
Fractional E1/T1/JT1, only TDM timeslots transported within
ATM cells
CES is implemented in RAN 2.0(C2.0 for AXC)
IFUB
JT2: 4JT1(6.312M)
Fractional Interface(E1/T1/JT1)
each of the interfaces can be configured as
ATM over full E1/T1/JT1
fractional E1/T1/JT1 (timeslots not used by
ATM traffic could be filled up with TDM traffic
by external cross-connections

AXC Transmission Interface Units

IFUC (IFU3S)
3 x SDH optical interfaces, which can be configured
independently as:
9
9

STM-0 (51.8 Mbit/s) or STM-1 (155.5 Mbit/s)

OC-1(51.8 Mbit/s) or OC-3 (155.5 Mbit/s)

IFUD (IFU8P1 coaxial)

8 x E1 interfaces
(75 unbalanced BT 43-connectors )
IMA Supported
Unstructured CES
Structured CES
Fractional interface(E1)

7 NOKIA 2001 RAN Transmission.ppt / BTS PCT

IFU3S: 3 x SDH optical interfaces, which can be configured as (mixed configuration supported):
- STM-0 (VC-3 )
Optical Intra-office
Optical Short-Haul
- STM-1 (VC-4,)
As in STM-0
- OC-1 American SDH(American Standard)
- OC-3 American SDH(American Standard)
STM-0 Physical Interface
Network elements:
RNC - 4 interfaces per plug-in-unit (Supported in RAN1.5)
BTS - 3 interfaces per IFU (Supported in RAN1)
OC-1 American SDH in RAN2.0
Bit rate: 51.84 Mbit/s
Used connector: optical, LC type
ATM Mapped into VC-3,
STM-1 Physical Interface
Network elements:
RNC - 4 interfaces per plug-in-unit (Supported in RAN1.5)
BTS - 3 interfaces per IFU (Supported in RAN1)
Bit rate: 155.52 Mbit/s
Used connector: optical, LC type
ATM Mapped into VC-4,

FLEXBUS Interface for Radios

RAN 1 Phase 1.5 / AXC Flexbus: For ETSI market, a Flexbus interface is introduced into
AXC, enabling direct connection from WCDMA BTS to Nokia FlexiHopper or MetroHopper
or Nokia GSM Basestations.

RAN1 Solution

RAN1 Phase 1.5

Solution

BTS
E1

BTS
FIU19"

BS Site

Flexbus
(16 x 2M)

Flexbus
(16 x 2M)

BS Site
RAN 1 Phase 1.5 solution:
FIU19" removed, Flexbus IFU
unit installed directly into the
BTS

8 NOKIA 2001 RAN Transmission.ppt / BTS PCT

IFU3FB: 3 x Flexbus with IMA. Flexbus capacity up to 16 x E1.

- Connects Nokia microwave radio
- Interconnects Nokia GSM BTS
- Allows combination of 2G (TDM) and 3G (ATM) traffic with a granularity of E1
Flexbus Physical Interface
Network elements:
BTS - 3 interfaces per plug-in-unit
RNC site - Flexbus interface is implemented using Stand-alone AXC or FIU19" equipment
With Flexbus feature BTS connects directly to Nokia Flexi/Metro Hopper
Capacity: max. 16 x 2M (4 x 2M for MetroHopper)
ATM Mapped into n x E1s
ATM Inverse Multiplexing functionality (IMA) within one plug-in-unit
2M crossconnection within one plug-in-unit

Inverse Multiplexing for ATM

IMA allows the combining of several physical links (E1 or JT1, ) to one
logical link
NIP1

AXC

IMA Group
E1/JT1

E1/JT1

Link # 0

Link # 1

IMA Group
E1/JT1

E1/JT1

Single ATM cell stream

from ATM layer

Original ATM cell stream

to ATM layer

E1/JT1

Link # 2

E1/JT1

IMA virtual link

TX direction cells distributed across links in round robin sequence

RX direction cells recombined into single ATM stream
9 NOKIA 2001 RAN Transmission.ppt / BTS PCT

Maximum 8 IMA links per Group

Max 4 IMAGS on IFUA/D and 8 IMAGs on IFUE

WCDMA BTS - RNC Connections

WBTS
WAM

TCP/IP
C-NBAP
D-NBAP
UP
UP
UP
AAL2 sig
TCP/IP
C-NBAP
D-NBAP

WAM

UP
UP
UP
AAL2 sig

AXC

Router

ATM Connection Table

HW
VPI
Term-1 1
Term-1 1
Term-1 1
Term-1 1
Term-1 1
Term-1 1
Term-1 1
x
x

VCI
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
x

VCI
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
x

VPI
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
x

HW
Term-2
Term-2
Term-2
Term-2
Term-2
Term-2
Term-2
x

ATM VPCs

NetAct

AXU

TCP/IP
C-NBAP
D-NBAP

WAM

RNC

UP
UP
UP
AAL2 sig

To other BTSs

ATM VCCs

10 NOKIA 2001 RAN Transmission.ppt / BTS PCT

AXC Features
Virtual Path (VP) & Virtual Channel (VC) ATM Cross Connect
Supports different Transmission Network Topologies like Star, Chain, Tree
Fully compatible with existing underlying transmission technologies PDH and SDH
- Present TDM networks can be used
- Existing spare capacity can be used
- Existing investments can be preserved
- Minimize initial UMTS investments
Fully compatible with existing ATM transmission networks (if any)
Supports 3G-PP, Japanese and ETSI/ITU standards.
Provides Up-to-Date WEB-based Management.
Switching capacity up to 1.2Gbit/s
Up to 1000 simultaneous connections
Supports UNI/NNI format at ATM layer
Support of different QoS Categories like CBR.1, UBR.1 ,UTR.2 etc.
Traffic Management Function:
Connection Admission Control
Usage Parameter Control
Traffic Shaping for CBR&UBR connections
Support of OAM flows
This picture is only for a example and the real situation will be different according to project

Iub cross connections in AXC

BTS

AXC

AXU

WAM 1-0

STM-1 or E1

CIF 1

CNBAP
DNBAP
AAL2SIG
AAL2UP

Name
CNBAP
DNBAP
AAL2SIG
AAL2UP

ATM interface
CIF
CIF
CIF
CIF

1
1
1
1

11 NOKIA 2001 RAN Transmission.ppt / BTS PCT

IFUx
slot 2
if 1

VCI 33
VCI 34
VCI 35

VCI 72
VCI 40

VPI 0

VCI 36

VPI
0
0
0
0

VCI 56

VPI 1

VCI 120

VP PCR
[cells/s]
58726
58726
58726
58726

VCI
33
34
35
36

VC PCR
[cells/s]
300
150
150
3618

ATM Interface
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit

2 Interface 1
2 Interface 1
2 Interface 1
2 Interface 1

VPI
1
1
1
1

VP PCR
[cells/s]
4528
4528
4528
4528

VCI
56
72
40
120

VC PCR
[cells/s]
300
150
150
3618

Service
Category
CBR
CBR
CBR
CBR

Virtual Channels between RNC and BTS

SAR
IFU

CNBAP
DNBAP
AAL2SIG

VPI 1 (Iub to BTS)

AAL2UP

CIF-1

12 NOKIA 2001 RAN Transmission.ppt / BTS PCT

CNBAP

WAM
BTS

O&M

VC cross
connections

AAL2UP, 1-3 User Plane VCs per

WAM. Uses AAL2 adaptation and
QoS is CBR.
O&M (DCN), connected to SAR
device in AXC. Uses AAL5
adaptation and QoS class is UBR.

AXU

VPI 0 (DCN to BTS)

AAL2UP

AAL2SIG, connected to each

WAM. Uses AAL5 adaptation and
QoS is CBR.

O&M

STM-1
or E1 (IMA)

DNBAP

D-NBAP, connected to each

WAM. Uses AAL5 adaptation and
QoS is CBR.

RNC

AAL2SIG

C-NBAP, connected to telecom

master WAM. Uses AAL5
adaptation and QoS is CBR.

AXC Transmission Example

WCDMA
BTS

IMA(nXE1)

S-AXC

IMA(nXE1)
IMA(nXE1)

WCDMA
BTS
IMA(nXE1)

STM-1

STM-1

IMA(nXE1)

WCDMA
BTS
IMA(nXE1)
13 NOKIA 2001 RAN Transmission.ppt / BTS PCT

RNC

S-AXC
AXU 8 x E1
8 x E1
8 x E1
8 x E1
3 x STM-1

MSC

STM-1
STM-1

S-AXC
Hub Site

WCDMA
BTS

STM-1
IMA(nXE1)

IMA(nXE1)

IMA(nXE1)

RNC

STM-1

ATM
Module
STM-1
3G-SGSN

Common MSC / RNC / GPRS Site

Iub
Iur
Iu-cs
Iu-ps

Combining WCDMA and GSM traffic

Both options supported

GSM
BTS

Abis
Iub

Nokia
UltraSite
WDCMA
BTS

GSM
BTS

PDH/SDH

(RAN1 Phase 1: n x 2M)

(RAN1 Phase 1.5: n x 64k Fractional E1 if)

Share ATM Capacity

Abis
Iub

Nokia
UltraSite
WDCMA
BTS

Share PDH/ SDH Capacity

RAN2.0 (Unstructed & Structed

ATM

Circuit Circuit Emulation)

14 NOKIA 2001 RAN Transmission.ppt / BTS PCT

TDM
Using external PDH and SDH equipment to Add and Drop different traffic interface(E1,STM-1,T1,)
Nokia's Metrohub, DN2 or the GSM BTS DTRU/TRUA can perform these required cross-connections

ATM traffic starts always with TS1 to TSn and then TSn+1 for TDM. For changing TS a 64 cross-connect necessary
Advantage: existing GSM traffic does not have to be disturbed.

ATM
Using Circuit Emulation Service to add GSM (TDM) traffic to WCDMA (ATM) traffic
Disadvantage: GSM transmission has to be interrupted before connecting it to the WCDMA transmission

Common TDM transport

for GSM and UMTS traffic
BSC
GSM BTS
E1 for GSM BTS

TRX TRX

TRUA

TRX TRX

RRIC

TRX TRX

3G BTS
WSP

WAM

...

WSP

WSP

...

WSP

WSP

COMMON
TRANSPORT
ON MICROWAVE

AXC

Metrohub

IFU

ATM
SWITCH

IFU

WAM
WSP

ET

RNC
n x E1 or FB from 3G BTS

15 NOKIA 2001 RAN Transmission.ppt / BTS PCT

n x E1 from 3G BTS

Common ATM transport

for GSM and UMTS traffic
BSC
GSM BTS
n x E1 or FB for GSM BTS

TRX TRX

TRUA

TRX TRX

RRI

TRX TRX

3G BTS
WSP

WAM

...

WSP

WSP

...

WSP

WSP

ET
Stand-alone
AXC

IFU

AXC

ATM
SWITCH

IFU

WAM
WSP

COMMON
TRANSPORT
ON MICROWAVE

RNC
FB from 3G BTS

16 NOKIA 2001 RAN Transmission.ppt / BTS PCT

TDM links with Fractional PDH interface

Physical link can be Fibre, Microwave, leased service, ...
BTS site:
WCDMA BTS connected to GSM Abis
WCDMA BTS supports ATM over Fractional Interface(E1/T1/JT1)
BSC/RNC site:
TDM traffic (GSM + WCDMA) separated by TDM cross-connect Hub
Possible, not earlier groomed, Fractional E1 traffic is terminated with a
standalone AXC
Combined Abis and Iub

TDM link (PDH/SDH)

F ra
cti

GSM
BTS

HUB
Frac

on
al
E1

BSC

l E1

Full E1

WCDMA
BTS
17 NOKIA 2001 RAN Transmission.ppt / BTS PCT

tion
a

Fractional E1 (partly filled)

(n x 64 kbits/s)
TDM crossconnect function
(n x 64 kbits/s)

Fu
ll E

RNC

Circuit Emulation Service

BTS/BS site

RNC/BSC site
This connection can be
- one standard E1/T1, also fractional possible
- several E1/T1's, also fractional
- Flexbus containing E1's as above

BTS

N x E1/T1

Std
IF
CES by
AAL1

There can be several

AXC's in the access network
along the route

TDM
ATM

AXC

Std
IF

AXC

Std
IF

Std
IF

AXC

BSC

Std
IF

RNC

Standalone

WCDMA
BTS

Std
IF

CES

CES = Circuit Emulation Service

Notes:
1. The link between BTS and BS can be one or more E1/T1 connections. Any of them can be
fractional or full E1/T1 frames. Circuit Emulation is using AAL1 conversion and CBR QoS class.
2. At the RNC site shall be a CES Interworking Function which shall be implemented
by a standalone AXC.

18 NOKIA 2001 RAN Transmission.ppt / BTS PCT

Two alternatives:
- Unstructured service is intended to emulate a point-to-point E1 circuit
- Structured service is intended to emulate a point-to-point Fractional E1 circuit
Fully synchronous service because of UMTS requirements
No Statistical Multiplexing Gain because of its CBR nature
Unstructured circuit emulation service might be used to perform E1 TDM cross connection within AXC, e.g. from one
E1 to Flexbus and vice versa

BTS AAL2 multiplexing

RAN architecture
Each WAM AAL2 TP can handle up to 1.5M

SECTOR 1

SECTOR 2

SECTOR 3

WAM

WAM

WAM

AAL2
TP 1

AAL2
TP 2

AAL2
TP 1

AAL2
TP 2

AAL2
TP 1

AAL2
TP 2

VCC
AAL2

BS

VPC

AXC

RNC

19 NOKIA 2001 RAN Transmission.ppt / BTS PCT

This is Ran2.0 and AXC 2.0 feature.

BTS AAL2 Multiplexing enables higher statistical multiplexing gain at AAL2 layer
The expected Iub transmission capacity savings are 10-20 % or more
Less AAL2 VCCs in the Iub to be configured
AAL2 connections from several BTS AAL2 Termination Points (TPs) are multiplexed into a single
AAL2-VCC between RNC and BTS
Introduces a new BTS AAL2 Multiplexing Module (AAM) in BTS site. AAM is a HW module that is
attached to the BTS/ AXC ATM switch unit AXU

Interface Protection MSP 1:1 for SDH

Protects against interface failures between SDH and and either BTS or RNC
For path protection, use other SDH features (e.g. SNCP Subnetwork
Protection

Site

Fibre

Link in
ti

SDH
ADM
Protecting
li k

Fibre

SDH Network
- SDH path protection
e.g.
i
- e.g. 2M, VC-3 or VCSNCP
protected
4
ti

Configuration:
Operating STM-0/VC-3 or STM-1/VC-4
i t f
Protecting Interface (at the same IFU or different
IFU)

SNCP : Subnetwork Connection

P t ti
SDH ADM : SDH Add-drop
M lti l

20 NOKIA 2001 RAN Transmission.ppt / BTS PCT

Nokia AXC features protection mechanisms, which enable to maintain the transmission service in
the event of failure:
Redundancy protection (featured in Ran2.1, C2.1):
Two AXU will be installed. One in the first slot, the other in the last slot.
Interface protection:
IFUE: FB 1 and FB 2 can protect each other (featured in C1.7)
FUC: Multiple Section Protection (MSP) 1:1 for STM-1/STM-0/OC-3/OC-1
against equipment failures (at the interface), against point-to-point link failures
(featured in C2.0)