SEMINAR PRESENTED BY:

Mrs. SHAHEEN FATIMA

LECTURER IN ELECTRONICS
GOVT DEGREE SCIENCE COLLEGE
TUMKURU.
KARNATAKA STATE.

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 Introduction to Microprocessor
 The Microprocessor is an electronic logic device having
computational and data manipulation capabilities.
 Due to great invention in semiconductor fabrication
technique, it became possible to fabricate the whole central
processing unit of computer on a single small integrated
chip called as microprocessor.
 The computer having microprocessor as central processing
unit are called as microcomputers.
 A desktop computer and portable( or mobile ) computers
like laptop, notebook, palmtop etc, contains microprocessor
as a CPU and hence they come under the category of
microcomputer.
 A microprocessor ( or computer ) understands information's
composed of only 0s and 1s. It uses binary numbers for it
operations. A binary digit is know as a bit. A group of 8 –2 bit
is called a byte.
Word length of microprocessor or computer
A) The word length of a microprocessor ( or
computer )is given as n- bit, where n may be 8,
16, 32 , or 64.
B) An 8 – bit microprocessor ( or computer ) can
process 8 – bit data at a time, its ALU is
designed to process 8 – bit data's . Its general
purpose registers which hold data for processing
are 8 – bit registers.
C) Similarly an 16 – bit and 64 – bit
microprocessor can process 6- 32 and 64 – bit of
data at a time respectively .
D) A processor of longer word length is more
powerful and can process data at faster speed
as compared to a processor of shorter word
length.
E) The number of bits that microprocessor ( or
computer ) can process at a time is called its 3
word length. It is measure of computing power
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 Features of 8085
 Intel 8085 is an 8 – bit, NMOS microprocessor
 It is a 40 pin IC package fabricated on a single
LSI chip.
 The Intel 8085 uses single of + 5V dc supply
for its operation.
 Its clock speed is about 3MHz.
 It has 80 basic instructions and 246 0pcodes.

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Microprocessor
Architecture

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 ARITHICTURE FEATURES of 8085
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 It consists of three main sections.
 An arithmetic and logic unit (ALU ).
 Timing and control unit.
 Set of registers.
 AN ARITHIMETIC AND LOGIC UNIT. ( ALU )
 ALU performs the following arithmetic and logical
operations.
 1) Addition. 2 ). Subtraction. 3 ). Logical AND. 4 ) Logical
OR. 5 ). Logical exclusive.6 ). Complement. 7 ).
Increment. 8 ) Decrement. 9 ).Left Shift, Rotate left,
Rotate right.
 Clear, etc.
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 :2:
 TIMING AND CONTROL UNIT :
 The timing and control unit is a section of the CPU. Its generates
timing and control signals which are necessary for the execution
of instructions. It controls data flow between CPU and
peripherals. It controls the entire operations of the
microprocessor and peripherals connected to it. Thus it is seen
that timing and control unit of the CPU acts as the brain of the
computer system.
 REGISTERS :
 Registers are used by the microprocessor for temporary storage
and manipulation of data and instructions. Data remains in the
registers till they are sent to the memory or I/O devices.
 Intel 8085 microprocessor has the following registers,
 1) One 8 – bit accumulator ( ACC ) ie. Register A.
 2) Six 8 – bit general purpose registers. B,C,D,E, H,& L.
 3) One 16 – bit stack pointer, ie. SP.
 4) One 16 – bit program Counter, ie, PC.
 5) Instruction register.
 6) Status register.
 7) Temporary register.

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8085 Pin Description

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 Pin Diagram of 8085
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 From this logic pin out of the 8085 microprocessor. All the
signals can be classified into six groups.
 1). High order address bus.
 2). Multiplexed Address/data bus.
 3). Power supply & frequency signals.
 4). Externally initiated signals.
 5). Serial I/O ports.
 HIGH ORDER ADDRESS BUS:
 The 8085 has sight signal lines, A18------A15 which are
unidirectional and used as the high order address bus.
 MULTIPLEXED ADDRESS / DATA BUS :
 The signal lines AD7---------AD0 are bidirectional, they serve a
dual purpose. They are used as the low order address bus as
well as the data bus.

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 :2:
 CONTROL AND STATUS SIGNALS :
 This group of signals includes two controls signals
( RD & WR ), three status signals ( IO/M, S1 & S0 ) to
identify the nature of the operation, and one special
signal (ALE) to indicate the beginning of the
operation.
 POWER SUPPLY AND CLOCK FREQUENCY.
 VCC + 5V Power supply , VSS =ground reference,
X1,X2 = These are terminals to be connected to an
external crystals oscillator which drives an internal
circuitry of the microprocessor to produce a suitable
clock for the operation of microprocessor. This signal
can be used as the system clock for the devices.
 SERIAL I/0 PORT :
 The 8085 has two signals to implement the serial
transmission, SID ( Serial I/P Data ) and SOD ( Serial
O/P Data)
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Intel 8085 Instructions

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 Intel 8085 Instructions set
 An instruction is a command given to the
computer to perform a specified operation
on given data.
 8085 has 80 basic instructions & 246
Opcodes each instruction contain two parts,
Operation code and Operand.
 The first part of an instruction which
specifies the task to be performed by the
computer is called Opcode.
 The second part of the instruction is the
data to be operated on and it is called
Operand.
 Example : ADD }-– Opcode, B }-– Operand.
 MVI }-– Opcode B}---Operand.
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 Programming of Microprocessor.
 The simplest symbolic language used for
microprocessor is assembly language. The symbols
are called as mnemonics. The language written in
the form of mnemonics is called as assembly level
language. The mnemonics are alphanumeric
representation of instructions .ie. It is an
combination of letters to indicate the operation of
the instructions.
 The assembly language program for the addition
of two numbers placed in two consecutive memory
locations, 2501H and 2502H & the sum is stored in
the memory location 2503H
 Mnemonics: Opcode : Operand.
 LX1 H,2501H.
 MOV A,M
 INX H
 ADD M
 STA 2501H.
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 Microprocessor Applications
 Today microprocessor based systems are
used in almost every sphere of life. Their
applications are increasing at very fast rate
day by day. These are numerous application
of microprocessor. They are used in industry
,instrumentation, transportation, military
equipment like tanks, radars etc. banks,
business organizations, communication,
automatic testing of products, lift control,
speed control of motors, automatic control
of generators voltage, fuel control of
furnaces consumers and commercial
applications etc.
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