INTRODUCTION

Radio

broadcasting is

a one-way wireless transmission

over radio

waves intended to reach a wide audience. Stations can be linked in radio to

broadcast

common radio

format,

either

in broadcast

syndication or simulcast or both. Audio broadcasting also can be done

via cable radio, local wire television networks, satellite radio, and internet
radio via streaming

media on

the Internet.

The

signal

types

can

be

either analog audio or digital audio. Radio is the transmission of signals by

modulation of electromagnetic waves with frequencies below those of visible
light.

Amplitude Modulation (AM) is a way of broadcasting radio signals. It

transmits the information in the form of electromagnetic waves. AM works by
modulating (varying) the amplitude of the signal or carrier transmitted
according to the information being sent, while the frequency remains
constant.

The Radio Broadcasting Industry in the Philippines has gone through

several changes throughout its nearly eight decades of history. From its fetal
stages of pure entertainment, to its adoption of its role as a tool for
information in the late 40s.

In the present time, Davao City has five AM Radio Stations: 576 AMBombo Radyo Davao, 621 AM- RMN Davao, 1125 AM- Super Radyo Davao,
1296 AM- Radyo Patrol Davao, 1404 AM- Kingdom Radio.

DESIGN BACKGROUND

The to be established AM station, DXJC 1287 kHz, is a news/talk radio

station serving mainly in Bo. Obrero, Davao City with a power of 2500 watts.
The station's studio, as well as the transmitter, will be assembled in the fifth
floor of the College of Engineering building in the University of Southeastern
Philippines. DXJC will operate 20 hours a day, from 4 oclock in the morning
until midnight, 7 days a week.

DESIGN CONCEPT

a.)

Frequency
For the project, a frequency of 1287 kHz is used. A channel at the high
end of the mediumwave band (526.5 - 1606.5 kHz) is selected because the
antennas needed are smaller than at lower frequencies, and the night time
range enhancement is greater.

b.)

Type of Module
Since the coverage area is relatively small, DXJC will broadcast in mono
where typically there is only one microphone, one loudspeaker, or (in the
case of headphones and multiple loudspeakers) channels are fed from a
common signal path. In the case of multiple microphones the paths are
mixed into a single signal path at some stage. Aside from mono being less
expensive for recording and reproduction, recording is easy and only requires
basic equipment.

c.)

Station Location
The station, as well as the transmitter, will be located at the fifth floor
of the College of Engineering building in the University of Southeastern
Philippines.

The area of coverage will be mainly Bo. Obrero, Davao City with a land
area of approximately 800,000 square meters.
Below are the topographical map of Davao City and the elevation
profile of Obrero, Davao City.

Topographic Map

Elevation Profile of Bo. Obrero, Davao City

System of Designing
i.

Equipment Configuration

antenna

antenna
tuner

SWR/Power
Meter

Transmitter

StudioTransmitter
Link
Audio Mixing
Console

Loud Speaker

Telephone
Hybrid

Microphone

CD Player

Turntable

ii.

Transmitter Design

a.) RF Oscillator stage

- This stage produces the carrier frequency of the AM Station. The
oscillator is a Crystal oscillator made of resonant quartz crystal.
b.) Buffer
- Buffer amplifier is used to match the output impedance of the
oscillator to the input impedance of the frequency multiplier.
c.) Frequency Multiplier
- This generates higher harmonics of the oscillator carrier frequency,
it is a tune circuit that can be tuned to the requisite carrier
frequency that is to be transmitted, which is 1287 kHz.
d.) Power Amplifier
- It is a class C amplifier that gives high power current pulses of the
carrier signal at its output. It is a high-level transmitter.
e.) Audio driver and Audio power amplifiers

The audio driver amplifier amplifies the audio produced at the

station, it is then power amplified by a class A or B power amplifier.

f.) Modulated Power Amplifier

- This is the output stage of the transmitter. The class C amplifier
amplifies the power of the AM signal to the reacquired transmitting
power, which is 2.5 kilowatts. This signal is finally passed to the
antenna, which radiates the signal into space of transmission.

iii.

Sound Reproduction
Our station will be using monaural sound reproduction, often

referred to as monophonic sound or simply mono, which is practical

since we use voice frequencies most of the time. Monaural sound
reproduction typically has only one microphone or speaker, in the case
of multiple sound sources, a common signal path will be used where all
the sound sources are fed.

iv.

The Antenna
a. Radiating Element

The radiating

element should be

constructed

vertically and made as tall

and "fat" as

possible. If the length of the

radiating element

falls short of being a full

quarter wavelength

at the operating frequency, a

capacitive "hat"

should be added. This makes

the antenna look

longer electrically and thus

improves radiation efficiency.

Output Power = 2.5 kilowatts (ERP)
Operating Frequency = 1287 kHz
( 1.64 ERP ) 377
Field Strength at 30 km =
d 2
=2.025/106.347
=0.019 mV/m

b
This is the radiation pattern for a 3dBi omnidirectional antenna, the most
practical one for our application. This makes the shape of a donut. As long as
you are inside of the red lines you have a 3 dBi gain, but if you get outside of
the line you have no reception. This means that you can fly twice as far away
from yourself as long as you dont fly outside of the reception field.
b. Grounding System
Eight evenly-spaced radial wires 43 meters in length
Buried 6-8 inches below ground
Grounding is another important factor that will give the station a better
coverage. In this design, we will use a large number of radial wires, defined
as 120 radials, 90 electrical degrees in length, composed of #10 soft-drawn
bare copper wire buried at least six to eight inches underground.

STUDIO DESIGN

MARKETING, ADVERTISING AND PROMOTIONS

Radio Advertising Rates:

a.) Blocktime rates

Per Hour- 1,500/ broadcast
Package price: Monday- Friday, 15,000/month
Per Half Hour- 750/ broadcast
Package price: Monday- Friday, 7,500/month

b.) Tape Ads (Recorded Materials)

30 Seconds- 500/ Spot
Package Price: 10, 000/month (4 Spots/Day)

COSTS AND BUDGETING

Listed in the table are the components used in the installation process
which also includes the System Commissioning and Labor Cost. The total
landed cost is inclusive of the Value Added Tax (VAT).
Item
#

QT
Y

125

Unit

feet

Description

Price

Amount

129.8

16,225.00

LMR-400-75 type N male plugs and

grounding

6,600.00

6,600.00

Behringer Ultramizer Audio Processor

4,400.00

4,400.00

SHURE SM57

4,356.00

4,356.00

Altec Lansing VS2621 Speakers

2,350.00

2,350.00

599.00

599.00

ALTO Equalizer 31 band mono

4,500.00

4,500.00

MICKLE MT7-USB Mixing Console

4,999.00

4,999.00

72,500.00

72,500.00

30,580.00

30,580.00

8,404.00

16,808.00

LDF4-50A 1/2" Andrew Heliax Coaxial

Cable, Standard

pcs

pcs

pcs

pcs

pcs

pcs

pcs

pcs

10

pcs

Procaster AM Transmitter

11

pcs

800 ft. 10-Gauge Bare Copper Grounding Wire

12

pcs

10 kw Briggs and Stratton 30207 Generator

101,156.0
0

101,156.00

AM Station Studio Construction

150,000.0
0

150,000.00

10,000.00

10,000.00

12

month
s

Techno Tamashi TH-1049

MARTI STL 20M

Building Rental

63,760.95

Labor Cost

TOTAL AMOUNT

RETURN ON INVESTMENT

425,073.00

I, Overall Investment = Php 188 682.90

G, Gain from investment:
Average gain from radio advertising approximately = t*a
Where: t = advertising airtime in s
a= average radio advertising rate
G=t*a = 5hrs(3600s/hr) * 800/60s
G = 240 000
ROI=(G-I)/I
= (240 000 188 682.90)/188 682.90
= 0.2719
= 27.19% on daily basis
ROI=(G-I)/I
= (240 000*30 188 682.90)/188 682.90
= 37.16 monthly basis

Republic of the Philippines

University of Southeastern Philippines
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Obrero Campus, Davao City

BROADCAST ENGINEERING AND APPLIED ACOUSTICS

DXJC 1287kHz

Submitted to:
Engr. Joey Dela Cruz

Approved by:

Rudy M. Ayento
UMBN Chief-Tech

Chiclet Coronado
DXUM-AM, Radyo Ukay
Network Traffic Clerk

Submitted By:
Cedric D. Conol
Joannacel A. Paraiso