FACULTY ENGINEERING AND BUILT

ENVIRONMENT DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL

AND PROCESS ENGINEERING

Task 3 : Industrial Talk by Baker Hughes

Nama : Mohd. Faredzuan Bin Sudin (A136708)

1.0 Background
Drilling process is a technique to enlarge the using the drill bits. Drilling
process is commonly used in oil and gas sector and production of
geothermal energy. The function of drill are :
(a) To gather information
(b)To produce hydrocarbon
(c) To inject gas or water
(d)To kill a blow out well
(e) For geothermal power

2.0 Drilling Fluid Basic Components

Drilling fluid is used to aid the drilling of boreholes into the earth. Basic
components of drilling fluid can be divided into 3 categories which are:
(a) Fluids
(b)Solid
(c) Chemicals
2.1 Fluids
Fluid is anything that can flow and it can exist as gas or liquid. Fluids that
are commonly used are :
(a) Water
(b)Non-aqueous
(c) Gas
The use of these fluids will helps to cool down the bore and also to control
dust. However, the weakness of using these fluids is that its does not give
proper distribution of water

to sweep the oil from the reservoir into

production, there are large amount of oil is left behind in the reservoir.

2.2 Chemicals
To overcome the weakness of the fluids, chemicals is needed for this
process. Polymer is the common chemical used in drilling fluids.To
objective is the polymer can be used to increase the recovery of oil from
the reservoir. The polymer will increase the viscosity of water. By
increasing the viscosity of water, it will increase the macroscopic
displacement and reducing the water mobility as the viscosity of water
increased. By reducing the viscosity of water, mobility control can be
achieved as the macroscopic displacement increased. Figure 2.2 shows
the differences between water injection without polymer and water
injection with polymer.

Figure 2.2 The differences between water injection without polymer and
water injection with polymer (Raney K. 2011)
As the mobility control decreases as the viscosity of water increases, the
water-oil mobility ratio will decreased. The mobility control means that the
oil recovery process can be control as the water moves slower to push oil
from the reservoir due to increase in viscosity of water.
The common polymer that are used in CEOR are :
(a) Polysaccharides Xanthan gum or Biopolymer
(b)Polyacrylamides Polyacrylic acid, Polyacrylamide, or Hydrolyzed
polyacrylamide

(c) Celluloses Hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC),

Carboxyethoxhydroxyethylcellulose,
2.3 Solids
Solids are also to used as basic components in drilling fluids. There are
two kinds of solid used:
(a) Inert
(b)Reactive
3.0 Baker Hughes Drilling and Completion Fluids
In Baker Hughes Drilling and Completion Fluids, this segment is divided
into four categories which are :
(a) Drilling Fluids
(b)Completion Fluids
(c) Wellbore Cleanup
(d)Remidiation
3.1 Drilling Fluids
Drilling fluids is also known as mud in drilling process. There three types of
mud that are used in the drilling process which are :
(a) Water Based Mud
(b)Synthetic/Oil Based Mud
(c) Reservoir Drill
3.1.1 Water Based Mud
The base fluid for water based mud are freshwater, seawater, or saturated
brine solution. The advantages of using water based mud are :
(a) Cheap
(b)Environmentally Friendly
However, the drawback of this technique is it will cause wellbore
instability.
There are two types of water based mud which are :

(a) Conventional Water Based Mud

(b)High Performance Water Based Mud
The most commonly conventional water based mud are :
(a) Spud Mud / Gel Mud
(b)Salt Polymer usually potassium chloride
On the other hand, the example of high performance water based mud
are:
(a) Performax
(b)Perflex
(c) Latidrill

3.1.2 Synthetic/ Oil Based Mud

The base fluid for synthetic / oil based mud is base oil. The advantages of
using synthetic / oil based mud are:
(a) Allows faster drilling
(b)Reduced hole related problems
(c) Recyclable
However, the drawback of this technique is it is very expensive. Oil based
mud can be divided into 2 parts which are :
(a) Mineral i.e. Diesel Oil Based
(b)Synthetic.
The example of synthetic that are commonly used are :
(a) SYN-TEQ
(b)MAGMA-TEQ
(c) CARBO-DRILL
4.0 Drilling Fluid Engineers
Drilling engineers are the engineers that are that involves of handling the
drilling process. The common task that are usually assigned to the drilling
fluid engineers are :

(a) Maintain fluid properties as its specifications

(b)Ensure the smoothness of drilling operations
(c) Perform daily mud check
(d)Pit Management
(e) Make sure good chemical stock
(f) Comply with Environmental legislation
5.0 Solid Removal
Solid removal is important to improve drilling process. It is vital as it will :
(a) Lower mud cost and disposal cost
(b)Decreased the probability of lost circulations and blowout
(c) Improved mud properties
There are three types of unit operations needed for solid removal process
which are :
(a) Shale Shacker
(b)Hydrocyclones
(c) Centrifuge