Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
Viczai Jnos
Department of Building Energetics and
Building Services
Catchment/
Purification
Distribution
Consuption
Collecting
Carrying
Purification
Setting
Water Supply
Canalysation
/Water circulates/
Catchment
The property of water:
Physical
Chemical
Biological
Human utilisation
Industrial utilisation
The catchment:
Catchment
Catchment is the process we can obtain water from nature by
that. Fresh water occurs 3 places on the earth:
In the subsurface
Being on ground
Catchment
Subsoil water:
Catchment
Subsoil water is generally not enough for consuption of a big
town.
In case we are forced to use fresh water being on the ground.
Water must be pumped out of a river or a lake.
Water being on the ground is generally dungy and infective, that
is why this water must be treated before using.
This treatment is called: water purification.
Water purification
On the occasion of water-purification every impurity has to be filtered out
from water.
There are three sorts of impurities in water :
Solid
Solute
Colloid and organic.
mechanical
chemical
biological.
Water purification
Mechanical purification:
solid impurities can be
filtered out from water.
These structures can
be simple grids or filters.
Grids are made of steel
Filters are made of plastic
or wool
Water purification
Chemical purification:
diverse chemical substances are mixed into water to clarify chemical
impurities
Biological purification:
the organic and infective substances are clarified form water
Water purification
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Grid
Waste water system
Filter
Pump
Chemical substance
Tank
Mixer pipe
Sand filter
Mixer pipe
Chlorin gas
Heat exchanger
Waste water system
Water purification
Sand-filter
Water demand
In the former paragraphs we have got acquainted with features
of water, catchment and water purification but still do not know
how much water is needed.
Water demand of a district depends on the following circumstances:
Habits of inhabitat
Living standards
Type of the industry
Climate
Level of water supply
Largeness and quality of the surfaces of the parks
Water demand
qd = ni Pi
i =1
Water demand
Pump is a machnie of fluid mechanics which can carry liquid
against any kind of resistance.
Characterics of a pump in the next:
Pump delivery
Total derivery head
Absorbed power
Efficiency
Water demand
Pumps
p = gh h =
Sh - Suction head
Gh geometrical height
Fr frictional resistance
Ep exhaust pressure
Dh delivery head
H total delivery head
p
g
h = sh + gh + fh + ep
Vzellts - Csatornzs
Water demand
Water demand
Piston pump
1
2
P
P
1- rotor
2- scroll
h[m]
hmax
Optimlis zemi
taromny
Working figure:
P
P
P
q[l/perc]
qmax
Water demand
Water demand
Water demand
archhitecture location
Water demand
Vzellts - Csatornzs
Water demand
Pump
Clack valve
Pressure tank
P
P
Pressure switch
Working:
P
P
P
P
P0
P
Vmin
Vh
Vmax
Pmax
Pmin
Vzellts - Csatornzs
Transportation
Stakikus nyoms
Pmin
Fogyaszts alatti
nyoms
P
P
P
P
P
Pump station
Water purificator
Water tower
Pipe system
Usage
Vzellts - Csatornzs
Transportation
Public system
Systems
Realisation:
P
P
P
Vzellts - Csatornzs
Transportation
Privat water system
1.
Street pipe
P
P
P
Kerts
Kzterlet
P
P
Magn t.
2.
3.
4.
Valve of uprise
Branch pipe
P
5.
Reserve valve
Equipments
Vzellts - Csatornzs
Transportation
Privat water system
Kzterlet
Trsashzi tulajdon
Kzterlet
Trsashzi tulajdon
Vzellts - Csatornzs
Water transport
Own weight
Water beat (vzts)
Rezonancia
The water under pressure must not be emmited out of the piping system. The pipes must
resist to 16bar nominal pressure.
The pollution of the environment should not be able to get in.
Water transport
Material of pipes
Area of use:
P
P
2.
Advantages:
P
P
P
3.
P
P
P
5.
6.
Husky (Tokos)
Coupling (Kuplungos)
Rimmed (Karims)
Screwy husky (Csavartokos)
Sealing:
P
Rimmed joint
Junction-types:
P
Disadvantages:
P
4.
Lead-spilling (lomkints)
Gum
Water supply
Water transport
Material of pipes
1.
2.
Advantages:
P
P
3.
P
P
P
P
P
Screw-jonction ( , , , 1 , 1 , 2, 3, 4)
Hard splice (Kemnyforraszts) (welding, but zincked steal
not recommended)
Rimmed (Karims) (1- ..)
Coupling (1-12)
Sealing:
P
P
6.
Junction types:
P
5.
Disadvantages:
P
4.
Vzellts - Csatornzs
Water transport
Material of pipes
Application area:
P
2.
Advantages:
P
3.
P
P
Husky (Tokos)
Sealing:
P
6.
Junction types:
P
5.
Disadvantages:
P
4.
Gum.
Corrosion protection:
P
P
External coating.
Higher quality pipe material.
Vzellts - Csatornzs
Water transport
Material of pipes
Area of application:
P
P
2.
Advantages:
P
P
3.
P
P
P
P
P
P
Junction types:
P
P
5.
Corrosion resistant
Simple fast assembly with low labour need
Disadvantages:
P
4.
Sealing:
P
P
Glue,
Gum ring
Vzellts - Csatornzs
Water transport
Material of pipes
Hard polyethylene
1.
Area of application:
P
P
2.
Advantages:
P
P
P
3.
P
P
Junction types:
P
P
P
5.
Disadvantages:
P
4.
Welding,
Husky, gum rings
Husky, snapped ring (roppantgyrs)
Sealing:
P
P
Vzellts - Csatornzs
Water transport
Material of pipes
Area of application:
P
2.
Advantages:
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
3.
P
P
Junction types:
P
P
5.
Disadvantages:
P
4.
Sealing :
P
P
Vzellts - Csatornzs
Water transport
Material of pipes
Application area:
P
2.
Advantages:
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
3.
Junction types :
P
P
5.
Disadvantages:
P
4.
Sealing :
P
P
Solder (Forraszanyag)
Traditional sealing of junction units
Vzellts - Csatornzs
Water transport
Material of pipes
P
P
Vzellts - Csatornzs
Water transport
Vzellts - Csatornzs
Water transport
Appliances
Taps, valves
Taps
P
P
P
P
1.
tmts
Conical taps
P
P
P
2.
Spherical tap:
P
P
P
Vzellts - Csatornzs
Water transport
Appliances
Valves
Controls the water-flow. Main elements:
P
P
P
Types:
1. Straight valve
P
3.
Inclined valve
Corner valve
Type of intallation:
2.
P
P
Outlet valve
In-built valve
Other types:
P
P
Mixing valve
Mixing valve with one handle
Vzellts - Csatornzs
Water transport
Appliances
Safety units
Air-removing valve
P
Non-return valve
P
Vzellts - Csatornzs
Water transport
hmax
Principles of dimensioning:
P
P
q[l/min]
qmax
h = Cq
'
1
h = C1 5
d
Design target:
P
'
Practice:
P
P
Vzellts - Csatornzs
Water transport
Consumption
Production
Filling time
Filling time
Filling time
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
qm
( l/s )
( h)
Consumption
Production
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
qm
( l/s )
( h)
Consumption
Production
Vzellts - Csatornzs
Water transport
Termostate
Energy input
Electric heating cartridge (P[W])
Safety
valve
Hot
Application area:
P
Cold
P
Disadvantages:
P
One-way valve
P
P
Energy input :
- Electric heating cartridge (P[W])
- Water heat exchanger
P
P
Advantages:
P
Termostate
One-way valve
Security valve
Pmax < 8bar
Vzellts - Csatornzs
Water transport
Energy input
- Electric heating cartridge (P[W])
:
- Gas
Security valve
Pmax < 8bar
H
One-way valve
Q[kW ]
V [l / min ]
Disadvantages:
P
t[C ] C
Advantages:
P
Vzellts - Csatornzs
Water transport
Elements:
P
P
P
P
Termosztt
Metering of consumption
Insulation of pipes
Energia bevitel:
Vizes hcserl
Kevert
melegvz
Melegvz
Hidegvz
Termosztt
Vzellts - Csatornzs
Water transport
Circulation pipe
In case of small houses to group of buildings
Elements:
P
P
P
P
Metering of consumption
Insulation of pipes
Termosztt
P
Vzellts - Csatornzs
Water transport
A, B 4bar,
C 3bar,
D, E, manual fire taps 2bar
P
P
P
A 200m2
B 300m2
C 500m2
D 1000m2
Maximal distance of fire taps: the length of the goatskin (tmlhossz20m)calculated on the built path.
Sorts: Wet and dry piping network
Capacity of one fire tap 150 l/min (2bar), simultaneity: 2..4
Vzellts - Csatornzs
Water transport
Example:
P
P
P
P
P
Calculation method:
P
P
P
Design of network
P
P
Vzellts - Csatornzs
Water transport
Temperature sensitive
shower head
Alarm
sound
Protected room
Water supply system
Public network
N
Wet
Alarm valve
Pressure switch
P
Water tank
Pump
Wet system:
P
P
P
P
P
P
Water transport
Temperature sensitive
shower head
Alarm
sound
Heated sprinkler
central
Sz
Protected room
Compressor
Pressure switch
P
Water tank
Dry
Alarm valve
Pump
Dry system:
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
In the piping network of the unheated rooms is filled with compressed air.
Above a special temperature the shower head opens.
The air flow starts, therefore the pressure decreases in the system.
When the pressure decreases the pump of the water supply systems starts to work.
The dry alarm valve opens.
The pipes get filled with water and the showers starts to water the protected room.
The alarm valve makes an alarm sound.
Vzellts - Csatornzs
Water transport
Fire
sensor
Alarm
sound
Open
Shower head
Protected room
Water supply system
Public network
Pressure switch
P
Water tank
Deluge
Alarm valve
Pump
After the alarm valve the pipes are empty. The alarm valve is has a control function.
The fire sensor network gives a signal to the Deluge valve.
Deluge valve opens.
With the decreasing pressure the pump starts to work.
The pipes get filled with water and the showers starts to water the protected room.
The alarm valve makes an alarm sound.
Appication area: Divisionning of fire sectors, special rooms with high internal height (for
exmpla theaters)
Vzellts - Csatornzs