Biology Subject Test 4

Dear Future Dentist,

The following Subject Test and explanations contains questions not in test format and should be used to
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2003 Kaplan, Inc.

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PERIODIC TABLE OF THE ELEMENTS

1

H
1.0

He
4.0

10

Li
6.9

Be
9.0

B
10.8

C
12.0

N
14.0

O
16.0

F
19.0

Ne
20.2

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

Na
23.0

Mg
24.3

Al
27.0

Si
28.1

P
31.0

S
32.1

Cl
35.5

Ar
39.9

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

32

33

34

35

36

K
39.1

Ca
40.1

Sc
45.0

Ti
47.9

V
50.9

Cr
52.0

Mn
54.9

Fe
55.8

Co
58.9

Ni
58.7

Cu
63.5

Zn
65.4

Ga
69.7

Ge
72.6

As
74.9

Se
79.0

Br
79.9

Kr
83.8

37

38

39

40

41

42

43

44

45

46

47

48

49

50

51

52

53

54

Rb
85.5

Sr
87.6

Y
88.9

Zr
91.2

Nb
92.9

Mo
95.9

Tc
(98)

Ru
101.1

Rh
102.9

Pd
106.4

Ag
107.9

Cd
112.4

In
114.8

Sn
118.7

Sb
121.8

Te
127.6

I
126.9

Xe
131.3

55

56

57

72

73

74

75

76

77

78

79

80

81

82

83

84

85

86

Cs
132.9

Ba
137.3

La *
138.9

Hf
178.5

Ta
180.9

W
183.9

Re
186.2

Os
190.2

Ir
192.2

Pt
195.1

Au
197.0

Hg
200.6

Tl
204.4

Pb
207.2

Bi
209.0

Po
(209)

At
(210)

Rn
(222)

87

88

89

104

105

106

107

108

109

Fr
(223)

Ra
226.0

Ac
227.0

Rf
(261)

Ha
(262)

Unh
(263)

Uns
(262)

Uno
(265)

Une
(267)

58

59

60

61

62

63

64

65

66

67

68

69

70

71

Ce
140.1

Pr
140.9

Nd
144.2

Pm
(145)

Sm
150.4

Eu
152.0

Gd
157.3

Tb
158.9

Dy
162.5

Ho
164.9

Er
167.3

Tm
168.9

Yb
173.0

Lu
175.0

90

91

92

93

94

95

96

97

98

99

100

101

102

103

Th
232.0

Pa
(231)

U
238.0

Np
(237)

Pu
(244)

Am
(243)

Cm
(247)

Bk
(247)

Cf
(251)

Es
(252)

Fm
(257)

Md
(258)

No
(259)

Lr
(260)

_________________________________________________________________________

BIOLOGY SUBJECT TEST 4

Biology Subject Test 4

1.

Echinoderms are regarded as being closely related to

the chordates due to their
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

6.

A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

bilateral symmetry.
form of circulatory system.
endoskeleton.
pattern of early embryonic development.
possession of a notochord.
7.

2.

In the adult man, red blood cells are produced in the

A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

3.

A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
4.

A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

5.

is synthesized by the adrenal cortex.

is a steroid hormone.
is released during parasympathetic stimulation.
is released by the adrenal medulla.
causes bronchial constriction when released into
the bloodstream.

An action potential spike is due to

A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

8.

increased permeability to K+.

increased permeability to Na+.
decreased permeability to Ca2+.
membrane hyperpolarization.
increased permeability to Cl.

In a reflex arc

Skeletal muscle has all of the following EXCEPT

A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

Constriction of the pupil

Decreased heart rate
Increased gastric secretion
Reduction of adrenaline secretion
Increased respiration

Epinephrine

The pacemaker is the SA node.

The SA node is capable of autonomous firing.
The vagus nerve can slow the heart rate.
Systolic pressure is lower than diastolic pressure.
Both ventricles contract simultaneously.

A. the sensory neuron synapses directly with the

motor neuron.
B. sensory and motor neurons can synapse outside of
the spinal cord.
C. sensory neurons synapse in the brain.
D. the motor response occurs without synaptic delay.
E. a minimum of three neurons must participate.

spleen.
liver.
bone marrow.
heart.
veins.

The sympathetic nervous system causes which of the

following?

Which statement about the heart is NOT true?

9.

multinucleated cells.
sarcoplasmic reticulum.
intercellular conductivity of action potentials.
individual innervations of each muscle fiber.
a regular array of molecular components.

The liver performs all of the following functions

EXCEPT
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

removal of bacteria from the bloodstream.

removal of bilirubin from the bloodstream.
synthesis of bile.
storage of bile.
synthesis of angiotensinogen.

10. Pancreatic exocrine secretions contain all of the

following EXCEPT
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

proteases.
lipases.
amylases.
glucagon.
bicarbonate ions.

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B I O L O G Y S U B J E C T T E S T 4 _________________________________________________________________________

11. Acetylcholine
A.
B.
C.
D.

is secreted by the adrenal glands.

is the initial substrate in glycolysis.
is an intermediate in the citric acid cycle.
and norepinephrine act as transmitters across
synapses.
E. inhibits action potential transmission.
12. A rectifier is an electrical device that allows current to
flow only in one direction. In human physiology, an
analogous device is the
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

axon.
dendrite.
synapse.
Schwann cell.
spinal nerve.

13. Which of the following has a chitinous exoskeleton?

A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

Oriole
Starfish
Clam
Honeybee
Earthworm

14. If a gallstone blocked the duct leading from the

gallbladder, which of the following would be less easily
digested?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

Amino acids
Proteins
Fats
Starch
Glycogen

15. The cartilaginous structure that prevents food from

going down the trachea is the
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

glottis.
epiglottis.
tongue.
larynx.
esophageal sphincter.

16. In the speculation concerning the origins of life, one

theory states that purines, pyrimidines, sugars, and
phosphates combined to form
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

nucleotides.
nucleosides.
carbohydrates.
fats.
proteins.

17. Which vitamin is necessary for the normal hepatic

production of prothrombin?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

A
D
E
K
B12

18. Muscle contraction depends on

A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

myosin and actin fibers simultaneously contracting.

myosin contraction only.
actin contraction only.
myosin and actin sliding over each other.
myosin expanding while actin contracts.

19. In humans, most of digestion occurs in the

A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

mouth.
stomach.
liver.
small intestine.
pancreas.

20. Which of the following is not a function of the human

liver?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

Breakdown of amino acids to urea

Regulation of blood sugar levels
Detoxification of poisons
Storage of glycogen
Manufacture of red blood cells in the adult

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21. If the pancreatic ducts of a human are tied off, which of

the following is mostly likely to occur in several hours?
I. Diabetic crisis
II. Acromegaly
III. Impaired digestion
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

I only
II only
III only
I and II
II and III

22. Which of the following are poikilothermic animals?

A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

Birds
Cats
Dogs
Humans
None of the above

23. Which of the following hormones raises the

concentration of blood calcium?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

Glucagon
Calcitonin
Parathyroid hormone
Aldosterone
Anti-diuretic hormone

24. Living in a close nutritional relationship with another

organism where one organism benefits while the other
is not harmed or benefited is best defined as
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

Symbiosis
Mutualism
Saprophytism
Commensalism
Parasitism

BIOLOGY SUBJECT TEST 4

26. Which of the following stimulates the conversion of

glycogen to glucose?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

Insulin
Parathyroid hormone
Pepsin
Glucagon
Calcitonin

27. Which of the following events occurs first?

A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

Rupture of the Graafian follicle

Secretion of estrogen
Corpus luteum formation
Progesterone release
Decrease in FSH release by pituitary

28. Water absorption occurs primarily in the

A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

duodenum.
jejunum.
stomach.
large intestine.
mouth.

29. Compound eyes are found in

A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

Porifera.
Coelenterata.
Mollusca.
Arthropoda.
Annelida.

30. Reptiles
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

are homeothermic.
respire with gills.
must live in water at some stage of their life cycle.
possess notochords as adults.
lay leathery eggs.

25. Temperature regulation is a function of the

A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

medulla.
pons.
cerebrum.
pineal gland.
hypothalamus.

31. All viruses

A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

carry DNA.
carry RNA.
lack protein.
have chromosomes.
cannot reproduce outside of cells.

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B I O L O G Y S U B J E C T T E S T 4 _________________________________________________________________________

32. Bile is a (an)

A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

hormone.
enzyme.
protein.
emulsifying agent.
protease.

33. Which of the following directly supply the energy for

muscle contraction?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

Lactic acid
Lactose
ADP
ATP and prosphocreatine
cAMP and ATP

34. Hyperthyroidism is associated with

A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

low blood pressure.

severely diminished mental activity.
high metabolic rate.
low body temperature.
decreased heart rate.

35. Carbon monoxide, when inhaled, may be lethal because

A. of its irritation of the pleura.
B. of its preferential replacement of oxygen in
hemoglobin.
C. it forms insoluble complexes in the bloodstream.
D. it poisons the cytochrome system.
E. it directly inhibits the sodium pump.
36. Digestion of cellulose by bacteria found in a termite's
gut is an example of
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

38. Which of the following men might have explained the

awk's loss of the ability to fly with the following
hypothesis?
"Since the awk stopped using its wings, the wings
became smaller, and this acquired trait was passed on to
the offspring."
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

Darwin
Mendel
de Vries
Lamarck
Morgan

39. All arthropods are characterized by

A. a body consisting of three parts (head, thorax,
abdomen).
B. breathing through spiracles that lead to the tracheal
tubes.
C. calcerous shell with soft mantle.
D. radial symmetry.
E. jointed appendages and exoskeletons.
40. Chemical X is found to denature all enzymes in the
synaptic cleft. What are the effects of chemical X on
acetylcholine (ACh)?
A. ACh is not released from the presynaptic
membrane.
B. ACh does not bind to the postsynaptic membrane.
C. ACh is degraded before it acts on the postsynaptic
membrane.
D. ACh is not inactivated in the synaptic cleft.
E. None of the above

STOP! END OF TEST.

mutualism.
parasitism.
saprophytism.
commensalism.
autotrophism.

37. Which of the following lacks a backbone?

A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

Duckbill platypus
Turtle
Amphioxus
Trout
Rabbit

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BIOLOGY SUBJECT TEST 4

THE ANSWER KEY AND EXPLANATIONS BEGIN ON THE FOLLOWING PAGE.

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