CHAPTER

12

Lr = 30 mH, Cr = 5.2 mf,

12.1 Given: Edc = 150 V,
R=4W
(i) For series resonant inverters,
wr =

F0 = 5 kHz,

1
30 10

-6

5.2 10

-6

tq = 20 ms,

44

4 30 30 10 -12

= 44,384.68 rad /s.

But

wr = 2 p fr

\ fr = 7.064 kHz

wo = 2p fo = 2p 5103 = 31415 92 rad / s.

and

Toff > tq =

p
p
wo wr
p
p
31415 92 44384 68

= 28.94 ms.
(ii)

Maximum possible frequency is given by

1
1
=
Fmax =
p
2 (tq + p / wr ) 2 20 10-6 +

44,384.38
= 5.496 kHz
(iii) Capacitor voltage from Eq. (12.33) is given by
4p

2 30 10-6 44384 68 + 1

Ec = 150
e

4p
-1
e
6
2 30 16 44384.68
= 152.671 V

(iv) From Eq. (12.36), rms load current is given by

ILrms = 25.58 A
(v)

Output power,

Po = I 2 Lrms R
= (25.58)2 4 = 2617.35 W

(vi)

Rms thyristor current, Irms (SCR) =

25.58
2

= 18.08 A

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Power Electronics

from Eq.(12.34), average load current is given by IL(avg) = 18.92 A.

SCR average current = Iavg(SCR) =

IL(avg) = 9.46 A.

12.2 Given:- Edc = 150 V, Lr = 25 mH, R = 1W, tq = 25 ms, C1 = C2 = 6 mf.

In half-bridge circuit, Ceq = C1 + C2 = 12 mf.
(a) From Eq. (12.38),
1
R2
Lr .ceq . 4 Lr 2

wr =

25 10

-6

12 10

-6

1
4 25 25 10-12

= 54129.47 rad/s.
fr = 8.62 kHz

\
(b)

From Eq.(12.40), maximum resonant frequency

fr (max) =

1
2 25 10-6

= 20 kHz

f0 = 0.3 20 103 = 6 kHz.

Now,

Period for resonant waveform, tr =

Delay time

1
= 0.167 msec.
fo

Output period T0

td =

1
20 103

= 0.05 msec.

To
- tr .
2

0.167 10-3

- 0.05 10-3 = 33.5 msec.

=
2
Since, delay time is greater than zero, therefore, this inverter circuit would operate in non-overlapping
mode.
(c)

Now,

tp =

1
2 wr . Lr .
tan -1
wr .
R

2 54129.47 25 10-6
1
tan -1

54129.47
1

= 1.847 10-5

69.72
p = 22.48 usec.
180

Now,
150

Ec1 =
e

1 2 p
+1
2 25 10-6 54129.47

=e

150
+ 1 = 13.39 V
2.322

Solution Manual 63

150 + 13.39
Ip =
sin ( 2p 8.62 103 22.48 10-6 ) - e
54129.47 25 10-6

22.48 10-6
2 25 10-6

= 72.39 A
(d)

Average SCR current,

- R Lr

( Edc + Ec1 ) fo
4. Lr
+
Iav CSCR =
1
e

wr 2 + ( R 2 Lr )2 Lr.

(e)

= 18.96 A.
Rms current through the SCR is given by

Irms(SCR) =

(f)

Rms load current

( Edc + Ec1 ) 1
wr . Lr .

- R.tr

1- e

2.To

2 Lr

Lr R
1
- .
R Lr ( 2 w )2 + R
r

Lr

( )

= 24.64 A
= 2. Irms (SCR)
Io = 2 24.64
= 49.28 A

(g)

Output power,

P0 = Io2.R = (49.28)2 1

= 2428.52 W
P
2428.52
Average supply current (Is)
= o =
150
Edc
= 16.19 A
12.3 Given:
Cr = 6 mf,
Lr = 30 mH,
R = 3W,
tq = 18 ms.
Edc = 180 V,
(a)

1 1012
9 1012
Resonant frequency =
2p 30 6 4 30 30

fr = 8.76 kHz
wr = 2p fr = 55 kHz
fo = 0.3 fr = 0.3 8.76 103 = 2.628 kHz

To =

1
= 0.38 msec.
fo

td =

To
0.38 10-3
1
- tr =
= 76 ms.
2
2
8.76 103

Thus the mode of operation is non overlapping.

(b) Maximum operating frequency
1
1
= 27.78 kHz
fr(max) where fr(max) =
2tq
2
fo(max) = 13.89 kHz.

fo(max) =

\
(c)

Instant at which the current reaches the peak, tp =

Now, initial capacitor voltage is given by

1
2 wr . Lr
= 0.015 msec
tan -1
wr
R

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Power Electronics

Ec1

- 3p

- Rp
6 55 103

30
10

1 e
1 - e Lr .wr

= Edc
= 180
- Rp
- 3p

1 + L .w

3
6
e r r
1 + e 30 10 55 10

= 178.81 V
- R tp

Peak current,

Ip =

Ip =

Edc + Ec1 2 Lr
. sin ( wr .t p )
e
wr.Lr
180 + 178.81
55 103 30

-3 0.15 10-3
-6
2 30 10-6

10 e

sin (55 103 0.015 10-3 )

Ip = 75.18 A.
(d)

Average SCR current:

Iav (SCR) =

( Edc + Ec1 ) fo
2 R 2
wr +
L .
2 Lr r

- R tr

1 + e 4 Lr

= 5.98 A.

(e)

R tr

E + Ec1 - 2 Lr f o Lr - R
1 e
Irms (SCR) = dc
2 R L
wr . Lr
r

( 2 w )2 + R
Lr
r

= 25.34 A
(f)

Rms load current

Io = 2 25.34 = 50.68 A

(g)

Output power,

po = Io2 . R = 2568.46 W

Average supply current (Is) =

2568.46
= 14.26 A
180

12.4 Given: Lr = 0.1 mH, Cr = 10 mf, R = 1W, tq = 12 usec.

Resonant frequency,

fr =

1 1
R2
2 p Lr . Cr 4 Lr 2

Maximum possible frequency

1
1
1

3
6
2p 0.1 10 10
4 0.1 10-12 0.1

= 4.97 kHz

Solution Manual 65

Fmax =

1
1
=
p
p
2 (tq + wr )

2 12 10-6 +

2p 4.97 103

= 4.44 kHz
12.5 Given: Edc = 12 V, R = 8W, Fs = 15 kHz
(i) Source inductance from Eq.(12.62) is given by
4
4
Ldc = 0.4
= 0.4
= 33.95 mH.
ws
2p 15 103
(ii)

Resonant capacitor from (12.63),

C1 =

2.165
2.165
=
= 22.97 mF
R.Ws 1 2p 15 103
Ws . Lr
, Assume Q = 7
R

Now,

Q =

Lr =

Now,

Ws Lr

QR
1
Ws
= 0.353 R

ws ws . cr

87

7 8 -

1
= 0.353 R
Ws . Cr

1
= 0.353 8
2p 15 103 cr

Cr = 0.2 mF.

\
12.6 Given:

Edc = 24 V,

E0 = 15 V,

(i)

p0 = E0.I0

I0 =
From Eq. (12.75), Zr

\
(ii)
is

= 594.18 mH.

2p 15 103

po = 14 W,

fr = 1.2 mHz

14
= 0.933 A.
15

Edc
24
= 24.17 W
=
0.933
Io

Also, from (12.70),

Zr =

and from (12.71),

fr =

Lr
= 24.17.
Cr
1
2p Lr . Cr

\ 1.2 106 =

1
2p Lr . Cr

Lr = 3.44 mH, Cr = 0.0052 mF

From (12.73), peak switch current
(p) = 0.933 + 24

0.0052 10-6
3.44 10-6

= 1.863 A

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Power Electronics

(iii) From (12.74), peak voltage rating of capacitor is given by

Vc (peak) = 2 Edc = 2 24 = 48 V
12.7 Given: Edc = 200 V, E0 = 30 V, I0 = 4A
fs = 100 kHz, Deff = 0.55
(i) Calculation duty ratio
from (12.113), effective duty ratios is given by
0.5 =

2. n. 30
\ n = 1.67.
200

from (12.114),

Deff = D 0.25 D

0.5 = 0.75 D

(ii)

\ D = 0.67.

Selection of resonant inductor Lr:

Here

DD = 0.25 D
Lr =

from (12.112),
effective inductance

Lreff

0.25 0.67 100

= 17.48 mH
4 ( 41.67 ) 100 103
= Lr + transformer leakage inductance

= 17.48 mH + 3.46 mH

@ 22 mH (say)
from (12.110), minimum load current is given by
I0(min) =
where

1.67 200 1.5 500 10-12

2
22 10-6

c = 500 pF.
I0(min) = 0.975 A.

\
Inductor current

ILr = I0 =

Io
4
= 2.4 A
=
n 1.67

VLr = I Lr X Lr = 2.4 2 p 100 103 22 10-6

= 33.18 V

(iii) Transformer selection.

E0 = Deff. Es \ Es =

30
= 60 V
0.5

Ep = n . Es = 1.67 60 = 100.2 V

VA = 100.2 2.4 = 240 V