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Advisory
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Vibration Analysis and Acceptance Standard
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1.0

Issue Date
11.11.2004
6.24.2011

PURPOSE
The purpose of this standard is to describe the methods for the development,
implementation, and management of the PacifiCorp Generation routine vibration
analysis program. This standard provides engineering performance guidelines for
new/rebuilt equipment acceptance and continued operation parameters of rotating
equipment use by the PacifiCorp Generation fleet. The vibration limits establish a
common goal of acceptability and the methods required for data acquisition
excluding on-line data acquisition systems, turbines and generators.
This standard does not limit the analyst with required instrumentation or methods.
Rather, it defines the final orientation, outcome, and documentation required for
equipment history.

2.0

SAFETY
Safety is the number one priority. Be alert and move slowly, deliberately, and
cautiously when working around rotating equipment. Common sense is the
greatest safety tool that can be used. At a minimum, follow guidelines set forth in
the PacifiCorp Accident Prevention Manuals and manufacturers written
recommendations.
Ensure that cables, probes, clothing, and hands are kept clear of moving parts.
When testing is being performed under fluorescent lighting or using a strobe light,
exercise caution, because rotating machinery sometimes appears to be stopped or
rotating slowly when actually rotating at normal speeds.
Placing probes on some machines could be hazardous when the machine is
running. In such cases, the probes should be placed with long lead wires while
the machine is not running.

3.0

BACKGROUND
Vibration analysis is a nondestructive, diagnostic activity that encompasses the
acquisition and interpretation of the dynamic response of operating rotating
machinery in the form of vibration data samples to determine machine condition.
The rewards of accurate and precise vibration analysis will:
a. Reduce PacifiCorp Generation's operating costs by establishing acceptable
vibration levels for plant rotating equipment.
b. Improve the life and performance of the Generation fleet's rotating
equipment.
c. Provide a uniform procedure for evaluating the vibration characteristics of
the Generation fleet's rotating equipment.
d. Provides incipient fault and failure detection.
e. Reduces maintenance costs due to minimizing equipment damage.

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f. Provides advanced maintenance planning opportunities.

4.0

SCOPE
4.1.
4.2.

5.0

This standard establishes acceptable limits for vibration levels and is to be

used to establish a new database, machine specifications, machine
acceptance and continuous machine operations.
This standard establishes measurement procedures--including standardized
measurement axis directions and locations, calibration and performance
requirements of instrumentation, and procedures for reporting vibration
data for machine acceptance.

STANDARD
5.1.

Instrumentation Requirements for Portable Vibration Analyzers

5.1.1. FFT Analyzer shall meet or exceed the minimum specifications
outlined below.
5.1.1.1.The FFT analyzer shall be capable of acquiring 6,400 Lines
of Resolution.
5.1.1.2.The FFT analyzer shall be capable of acquiring 20,000 Hz.
5.1.1.3.The FFT analyzer shall be capable of acquiring a Dynamic
Range 72 dB.
5.1.1.4.The FFT analyzer shall be capable of applying a Hanning
window for analyzing vibration and Uniform window for
impact testing.
5.1.1.5.The FFT analyzer shall be capable of linear non-overlap
averaging.
5.1.1.6.The FFT analyzer shall have anti-aliasing filters.
5.1.2. Portable Vibration Analyzer Measurement System Accuracy The measurement system (FFT analyzer, cables, transducer and
mounting) used to take vibration measurements shall have a
measurement system Amplitude
accuracy over the linear
frequency range of 5% for Displacement, Velocity and
Acceleration.
5.1.3. Amplitude Uncertainty: Uniform or Rectangular (impact testing)
56.5%; Hanning (fault analysis) 18.8%; Flat Top (condition
evaluation) 1.0%.
5.1.4. Shaft Relative Proximity Probe Glitch: All glitch (electrical or
mechanical) shall be 0.5 mils peak-peak or less as measured in-situ
at 100 RPMs.
5.1.5. Measurement System Calibration - Vibration equipment used to
take vibration measurements must be calibrated by a qualified
instrumentation laboratory within a one (1) year prior. Calibration

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shall be traceable to the National Institute of Standards and

Technology (NIST).

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5.1.6. Machine Information for Developing Routes Detailed machine

design and historical information is required to establish an
advanced vibration analysis program. This information should be
gathered during machine design, installation and repairs (see
attachments).
5.1.7. Vibration
Measurement
Locations,
Directions
and
Conventions
5.1.7.1.Identification of Sampling Locations Vibration Data
Collection
Number each bearing in sequence from the non-driven
(NDE) end bearing of the driver (typically a motor or
turbine), through the power train (in the direction of power
flow), through to the non-driven (NDE) end bearing of the
ultimately driven component following table below.
Understanding the power flow sequencing of the machine
train is vital to the diagnostic evaluation of vibration
spectral data. For vertical pumps horizontal reading should
be indentified 90 perpendicular to the plane of discharge
flow.
Identifier "A"
M Motor
T Turbine
E Engine
P Pump
F Fan
C Compressor
G Gearbox

Equipment ID-ABC
Identifier "B"
Identifier "C"
H Horizontal
I Inboard
V Vertical
O Outboard
A Axial
A Axial
X Radial-X (Horizontal)
Y Radial-Y (Vertical)
P PeakVue

5.1.7.2.Physical Marking of Measurement Points

Each point where vibration data will be periodically
collected shall have 1-1/8 in diameter by 1/8 in thick
(minimum) cold-rolled ferrous stainless steel disk attached
as a data collection target. Each target shall be stamped
with the appropriate identifier (example: Motor Outboard
Horizontal = MOH).
5.1.7.3.Displacement Probes
When X & Y displacement probes are used, use the
appropriate letter to designate the sensor position, i.e., A,
B, C, D, E, etc., for bearings 1, 2, 3, 5, etc. The letters for
horizontal and vertical (H & V) can be substituted for X &
Y if desired (optional). However, when substituting H &

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V for X & Y, one must adopt a convention for determining

which probes correspond to horizontal and vertical as X/Y
probes often do not correspond to true horizontal and
vertical. In general, a horizontal (X axis) displacement
probe mounted in the top half of a bearing should be
located on the right side of the vertical centerline
(clockwise from vertical) when viewed from the driver end
regardless of direction of shaft rotation.
5.1.8. Vibration Measurement Units
5.1.8.1.Displacement - Mils, Peak-Peak
5.1.8.2.Velocity in/sec, Peak
5.1.8.3.Acceleration - g's, Peak
5.1.9. Frequency Maximum (Fmax), Low Frequency Cutoffs

Application
Sleeve Bearings for
machines w/o vanes
Sleeve Bearing machine
with Vanes (or Blades)
Gear Box, Unknown # of
Teeth
Gear Box, known
# of Teeth
Electric Motor,
Rotor Pass
Electric Motor
Tapered or Spherical
Roller Bearings
Roller Bearings machines
> 1700 RPM
Roller Bearings machines
1400 - 1700 RPM
Roller Bearings machines
1100 - 1400 RPM
Roller Bearings machines
800 - 1100 RPM
Roller Bearings machines
600 - 800 RPM

Low Frequency
Cutoffs

Frequency
Maximum

Lines of
Resolution

Averages

Window Type

120 CPM

1600

Hanning

120 CPM

20xRPM
20xRPM or
1.2BPF

1600

Hanning

120 CPM

200xGMF

3200

Hanning

120 CPM

3.2xRPM

3200

Hanning

120 CPM

360,000 CPM

3200

Hanning

120 CPM

12,000 CPM

1600

Hanning

120 CPM

50xRPM

1600

Hanning

120 CPM

40xRPM

1600

Hanning

120 CPM

50xRPM

1600

Hanning

120 CPM

60xRPM

1600

Hanning

120 CPM

80xRPM

1600

Hanning

120 CPM

100xRPM

1600

Hanning

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5.1.10. Vibration Analysis and Acceptance Limits

Criteria for Overall Vibration Condition Rating (Peak Overall, Velocity, In/Sec)
1
2
3
4
5

Assuming machine speed = 600 - 60,000 RPM

Assuming measurements by accelerometer or velocity pickup securely mounted as close as possible to bearing housing.
Assuming machine is not mounted on vibration isolators (For isolated machinery - Set Alarms 30%-50% higher).
Set motor Alarms the same as that for the particular machine type unless otherwise noted.
Set Alarms on individual external gearbox positions about 25% higher than that for a particular machine type.

Machine Type
Cooling Tower Drives
a) Long, hollow drive shaft
b) Close coupled belt drive
c) Close coupled direct drive
Compressors
a) Reciprocating
b) Rotary Screw
c) Centrifugal - with or W/O external gearbox
d) Centrifugal - Integrated gear (axial meas.)
e) Centrifugal - Integrated gear (radial meas.)
Fans/Blowers
a) Lobe-type rotary
b) Belt driven blower
c) General direct drive fans (with coupling)
d) Primary air fans
e) Forced draft fans
f) Induced draft fans
g) Shaft mounted integral fans
h) Vane-Axial fans
Turbine/Generators
a) 3600 RPM Turbine/Generators
b) 1800 RPM Turbine/Generators
Centrifugal Vertical Pumps
a) Vertical pumps (12'-20' high)
b) Vertical pumps (8'-12' high)
c) Vertical pumps (5'-8' high)
d) Vertical pumps (0'-5' high)
Centrifugal Horizontal Pumps
a) General purpose, direct coupled
b) Boiler feed pumps
c) Hydraulic Pumps

Good

Fair

Alarm 1
(Warning)

Alarm 2
(Fault)

0 - 0.4
0 - 0.3
0 - 0.2

0.4 - 0.6
0.3 - 0.4
0.2 - 0.3

0.6
0.4
0.3

0.9
0.7
0.5

0 - 0.3
0 - 0.3
0 - 0.2
0 - 0.2
0 - 0.2

0.3 - 0.5
0.3 - 0.5
0.2 - 0.3
0.2 - 0.3
0.2 - 0.3

0.5
0.5
0.3
0.3
0.3

0.8
0.7
0.5
0.5
0.4

0 - 0.3
0 - 0.3
0 - 0.3
0 - 0.3
0 - 0.2
0 - 0.2
0 - 0.2
0 - 0.2

0.3 - 0.5
0.3 - 0.5
0.3 - 0.4
0.3 - 0.4
0.2 - 0.3
0.2 - 0.3
0.2 - 0.3
0.2 - 0.3

0.5
0.5
0.4
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3

0.7
0.7
0.6
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.4
0.4

Refer to OEM Specifications

Refer to OEM Specifications
0 - 0.3
0 - 0.3
0 - 0.2
0 - 0.2

0.3 - 0.5
0.3 - 0.4
0.2 - 0.4
0.2 - 0.3

0.5
0.4
0.4
0.3

0.8
0.6
0.5
0.5

0 - 0.2
0 - 0.2
0 - 0.1

0.2 - 0.3
0.2 - 0.3
0.1 - 0.2

0.3
0.3
0.2

0.5
0.5
0.3

* Note: the "Alarm1" and "Alarm2" overall levels given above apply only to in-service machinery which has been
operating for some time after initial installation and/or overhaul. See section 5.7.2 for Acceptance Criteria for New
and Rebuilt Machinery.

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5.1.11. Vibration Monitoring Spectral Band Alarm Limits

Band
1
2
3
4
5
6
Band
1
2
3
4
5
6
Band
1
2
3
4
5
6
Band
1
2
3
4
5
6
Band
1
2
3
4
5
6

SPECTRAL BAND ALARM LIMITS

a) General Sleeve Bearing Machines
(without vanes)
Frequency Range
Alarm Setting
[0.2 0.8] x RPM
20% Overall Alarm
[0.8 1.8] x RPM
90% Overall Alarm
[1.8 2.8] x RPM
40% Overall Alarm
[2.8 3.8] x RPM
30% Overall Alarm
[3.8 10.2] x RPM
25% Overall Alarm
[10.2 20] x RPM
20% Overall Alarm
b) Gearbox
(known number of teeth)
Frequency Range
Alarm Setting
[0.25 0.75] x GMF
25% Overall Alarm
[0.75 1.25] x GMF
70% Overall Alarm
[1.25 1.75] x GMF
25% Overall Alarm
[1.75 2.25] x GMF
50% Overall Alarm
[2.25 2.75] x GMF
25% Overall Alarm
[2.75 3.25] x GMF
40% Overall Alarm
c) Gearbox
(unknown number of teeth)
Frequency Range
Alarm Setting
[20 50] x RPM
60% Overall Alarm
[50 80] x RPM
60% Overall Alarm
[80 110] x RPM
50% Overall Alarm
[110 140] x RPM
50% Overall Alarm
[140 170] x RPM
40% Overall Alarm
[170 200] x RPM
40% Overall Alarm
d) Electric Motor Rotor Bar
(measured at motor outboard bearing horizontal)
Frequency Range
Alarm Setting
[30k 85k] x CPM
0.06 in/sec
[85k 140k] x CPM
0.06 in/sec
[104k 195k] x CPM
0.05 in/sec
[195k 250k] x CPM
0.045 in/sec
[205k 305k] x CPM
0.04 in/sec
[305k 360k] x CPM
0.035 in/sec
e) Electric Motor
(measured at motor inboard bearing horizontal)
Frequency Range
Alarm
Alarm
(600-2k) RPM
(2k-4k) RPM
[240 2k] x CPM
90% OA Alarm
30% OA Alarm
[2k 4k] x CPM
40% OA Alarm
90% OA Alarm
[4k 6k] x CPM
40% OA Alarm
40% OA Alarm
[6k 8k] x CPM
35% OA Alarm
35% OA Alarm
[8k 10k] x CPM
30% OA Alarm
30% OA Alarm
[10k 12k] x CPM
25% OA Alarm
25% OA Alarm
f) Tapered or Spherical Roller Element Bearing Machines
(without vanes)

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Band
1
2
3
4
5
6
Band
1
2
3
4
5
6
Band
1
2
3
4
5
6
Band
1
2
3
4
5
6
Band
1
2
3
4
5
6
Band
1
2
3
4
5

Frequency Range
Alarm Setting
[0.4 1.2] x RPM
90% Overall Alarm
[1.2 2.2] x RPM
40% Overall Alarm
[2.2 3.2] x RPM
30% Overall Alarm
[3.2 12.2] x RPM
25% Overall Alarm
[12.2 20] x RPM
20% Overall Alarm
[20 50] x RPM
15% Overall Alarm
g) General Roller Element Bearing Machines
(without vanes)
Frequency Range
Alarm Setting
[0.4 1.2] x RPM
90% Overall Alarm
[1.2 2.2] x RPM
40% Overall Alarm
[2.2 3.2] x RPM
30% Overall Alarm
[3.2 12.2] x RPM
25% Overall Alarm
[12.2 20] x RPM
20% Overall Alarm
[20 Fmax] x RPM
15% Overall Alarm
h) Centrifugal Machines
(known number of vanes or blades & roller bearings)
Frequency Range
Alarm Settings
[0.4 1.2] x RPM
90% Overall Alarm
[1.2 2.2] x RPM
40% Overall Alarm
[2.2 (BPF-1.2)] x RPM
35% Overall Alarm
[(BPF-1.2) (BPF+1.2)] x RPM
60% Overall Alarm
[(BPF+1.2) 20] x RPM
35% Overall Alarm
[20 Fmax] x RPM
20% Overall Alarm
i) Centrifugal Machines
(unknown number of vanes or blades & roller bearings)
Frequency Range
Alarm Settings
[0.4 1.2] x RPM
90% Overall Alarm
[1.2 2.2] x RPM
40% Overall Alarm
[2.2 3.2] x RPM
30% Overall Alarm
[3.2 6.8] x RPM
60% Overall Alarm
[6.8 20] x RPM
35% Overall Alarm
[20 Fmax] x RPM
20% Overall Alarm
j) Centrifugal Machines
(known number of vanes or blades & sleeve bearings)
Frequency Range
Alarm Settings
[0.2 0.8] x RPM
20% Overall Alarm
[0.8 1.8] x RPM
90% Overall Alarm
[1.8 3.8] x RPM
40% Overall Alarm
[3.8 (BPF-1.2)] x RPM
30% Overall Alarm
[(BPF-1.2) (BPF+1.2)] x RPM
70% Overall Alarm
[(BPF+1.2) 20] x RPM
35% Overall Alarm
k) Centrifugal Machines
(unknown number of vanes or blades & sleeve bearings)
Frequency Range
Alarm Settings
[0.2 0.8] x RPM
20% Overall Alarm
[0.8 1.8] x RPM
90% Overall Alarm
[1.8 3.8] x RPM
40% Overall Alarm
[3.8 7.8] x RPM
70% Overall Alarm
[7.8 9.8] x RPM
25% Overall Alarm

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6

[9.8 20] x RPM

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35% Overall Alarm

5.2.

Routine Data Collection Requirements for regular data collection of

vibration data.
5.2.1. Collecting Vibration Samples of Equipment Operating at a
Limited Capacity. Process variable must be collected to reflect
any changes in vibration analysis spectrum.
5.2.2. Collecting Vibration Samples for Comparative Data to OnLine Systems. Online vibration data collection shall be collected
as route data if the online system is not capable of condition
assessment.

5.3.

Continuous Diagnostic Monitoring

5.3.1. All turbo machinery, boiler feed pump, forced draft and induced
draft shall include Bently Nevada System 1 diagnostic platform.
5.3.2. Continuous diagnostic monitoring of critical equipment shall
include the ability to perform advanced vibration analysis
functions included, but not limited to: Orbit, Bode, Time Wave,
Spectrum, Polar, Centerline, Waterfall Plots, and Transient Events
storage.
5.3.3. Measurement Point Setup Refer to condition monitoring OEM
recommendations, administer modify as necessary.
5.3.4. Data Storage Startups and Shutdowns, monthly auto archiving
are required for all critical equipment monitored.

5.4.

Data Reduction and Analysis

5.4.1. Initial baselines shall be established when the machine component
is first monitored after acceptance criteria has been met and
running under normal operational condition. Baseline data shall
form the reference base for vibration trending.
5.4.2. New baselines are to be established following any maintenance
activities which would improve established baseline data.
5.4.3. Collected vibration data shall be compared to component baselines
during every monitoring period to identify adverse trends or
abnormal equipment conditions.

5.5.

5.4.4. Collected vibration data shall be reviewed for the identification of

any alert, warning, or alarm conditions. Any readings which are
indicative of degrading equipment condition shall be reported and
a plan developed to resolve the problem.
Reporting and Notification
5.5.1. Develop, maintain, and publish a "vibration route problem report"
to process owners, planners, and plant management.

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5.5.2. Report equipment problem to person(s) responsible for

maintenance of equipment in failure mode and ensure notification
is written.
5.5.3. Report equipment condition on new or rebuilt equipment to person
responsible for maintenance on that piece of equipment and
maintain history.
5.5.4. Record in History section of vibration software relevant data of
failure, repairs required, complete repairs, rebuilds, etc.
5.5.5. Maintain and report required vibration analysis performance
indicators.
5.6.

Equipment Analysis, Acceptance and Verification

5.6.1. Machinery Vibration System Verification Prior to release for

service, vibration systems shall be verified for proper installation
and accuracy.
SECTION 5.7.2
5.6.2. AC MOTORS ANALYSIS AND ACCEPTANCE
5.6.2.1.Alternating current motors will be tested at rated voltage
and frequency, and no load. Single speed alternating
current motors will be tested at synchronous (running)
speed. A multi-speed alternating current motor will be
tested at all its rated synchronous (running) speeds. Direct
current motors will be tested at their highest rated speed.
Series and universal motors will be tested at operating
speed.
5.6.2.2.Method of Motor Isolation for Measuring Vibration
Place the motor on an elastic mounting so proportioned
that the up and down natural frequency shall be at least as
low as 25 percent of the test speed of the motor. To
accomplish this it is required that the elastic mounting be
deflected downwards at least by the amounts shown in the
following table due to the weight of the motor. When a
flexible pad is used the compression shall in no case be
more than 50 percent of the original thickness of the
flexible pad; otherwise the supports may be too stiff.
MOTOR SYNCHRONOUS SPEED
(RPM)
600

ISOLATION PAD COMPRESSION

(INCHES)
2-1/4

900

1200

9/16

1800

1/4

3600

1/16

7200

1/64

Note: The required deflection is inversely proportional to the speed squared.

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Table 1
Completely assembled motors shall have a percentage separation
between the rotor shaft first actual critical speed and the rated motor
speed as specified:

ROTOR DESIGN
Rigid Shaft
Flexible Shaft

FIRST ACTUAL
CRITICAL SPEED LOCATION
At least 25% Above Rated Motor Speed
Maximum of 85% of Motor Speed

Table2
MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE VIBRATION LEVELS FOR ELECTRIC
MOTORS
BAND
FREQUENCY
VELOCITY LINE
ACCELERATION
RANGE
AMPLITUDE
BAND LIMITED
BAND LIMITS
OVERALL
(INCH/SEC
AMPLITUDE LIMITS
(gs PEAK)
PEAK)
1
0.3 x RPM
0.04
0.5
0.8 x RPM
2
0.8 x RPM
0.075
0.5
1.2 x RPM
3
1.2 x RPM
0.04
0.5
3.5 x RPM
4
3.5 x RPM
0.03
0.5
8.5 x RPM
5
8.5 x RPM
0.03
0.5
60,000 CPM
6
60,000 CPM
0.03
0.5
120,000 CPM

Table 3

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ELECTRIC MOTOR OVERALL
AMPLITUDE ACCEPTANCE LIMITS

ELECTRIC MOTOR
AMPLITUDE BAND LIMITS

Acceleration
(gs)

1.0

Velocity
(in/sec)

0.9

.10

0.8

.09

.08

0.7

.075

.07
.06
.05
.04

0.5

0.5g ELECTRIC MOTOR OVERALL

0.4
.04

0.3

.04

.03
.02
.01

0.6

BAND
1

BAND
2

BAND
3

.03

.03

.03

BAND
4

BAND
5

BAND
6

Fmin = 0.3 CPM

Fmax = 120k CPM

1

4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

0.2
0.1

BAND 1

Fmin = 0.3 CPM

Fmax = 120k CPM

FREQUENCY (CPM)

RUNNING SPEED ORDERS

Figure 1

Figure 2

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6.24.2011

SECTION 5.7.3
5.6.3. FANS ANALYSIS and ACCEPTANCE
5.6.3.1.Fans are defined as:
All non-positive displacement air handling units including
Induced Draft (ID) Fans, Forced Draft (FD) Fans,
Overhung Fans, Centerhung Fans, Centrifugal, Vaneaxial,
Tubeaxial, Blowers, etc.
5.6.3.2.Shaft Tolerance
Fan shaft diameter shall meet bearing manufacturer
specifications for shaft tolerances.
5.6.3.3.Resonance
Natural frequencies of the completely assembled fan unit
shall not be excited at the operating speed. (Running speed
should be at least 25% removed from a natural frequency of
the system.)
5.6.3.4.Limits
New and Rebuilt/Repaired Fans shall conform to the
vibration limits specified in Table 4 when operating at
specified system CFM and Fan Static Pressure.
The frequency range for fan certification shall be from Fmin
= 0.3 X Running Speed of Fan to 60,000 cpm for velocity
and to 120,000 cpm for acceleration.
For fan speeds up to 3600 RPM, the maximum velocity
amplitude (inch/sec-Peak) of vibration at bearing locations
in any direction shall not exceed the Line Amplitude Band
Limit values specified in Table 4 and graphed in Figure 3.
For fan speeds up to 3600 RPM, the Band-Limited Overall
vibration level of acceleration (g's Peak) at bearing
locations in any direction shall not exceed the BandLimited Overall Amplitude Acceptance Limit values
specified in Table 4 and graphed in Figure 4.
Acceptance limits for fans running over 3600 RPM shall be
specified by the purchaser.

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MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE VIBRATION LEVELS FOR FANS

FREQUENCY RANGE
VELOCITY LINE AMPLITUDE BAND LIMITS
(INCH/SEC PEAK)
1
0.3 x RPMmin
0.04 DIRECT COUPLED
0.8 x RPM fan
0.075 BELT DRIVE
2
0.8 x RPM fan
0.075
1.2 x RPM fan/motor
3
1.2 x RPM fan/motor
0.04
3.5 x RPM fan/motor
4
3.5 x RPM fan/motor
0.03
to Fmax = 60,000 CPM
ACCELERATION BAND LIMITED OVERALL
AMPLITUDE LIMITS
(gs PEAK)
1
0.3 x RPMmin
0.5
to Fmax = 120,000 CPM
RPMmin = Lowest system speed (e.g. Belt speed if Belt Driven, Fan speed if direct drive
coupled
RPM fan/motor = Fan or motor speed whichever is greater (IN/SEC)
BAND

Table 4
BAND ACCEPTANCE LIMITS for FANS
.10
.09
V
.08
E
.07
L
.06
O
.05
C
.04
I
.03
T
.02
Y
(in/sec) .01

.075

.075

.04

.
04

.03

BAND 1 BAND 2

Fmin=0.3 RPM

BAND 3

BAND 4

10

RUNNING SPEED ORDERS

Figure 3

Fmax =60K

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BAND-LIMITED OVERALL AMPLITUDE ACCEPTANCE LIMITS

A
C
C
E
L
E
R
A
T
I
O
N

1.0
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1

0.5g (Peak)

BAND 1
Fmax = 120K

FREQUENCY - CPM
Figure 4
5.6.3.5.Other Requirements
Variable speed or adjustable sheaves shall not be used in
the final installation.
Drive sheave and driven sheave should differ in size by 20
% or more to avoid "beat" vibration

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SECTION 5.7.4
5.6.4. PUMPS ANALYSIS and ACCEPTANCE
5.6.4.1.Pumps shall be defined in two (2) categories:
Positive Displacement --including, but not limited
to Piston, Gear, and Vane.
Centrifugal
5.6.4.2.Operating Conditions
Non-cavitating non-separating condition.
No piping strain.
Shaft coupling aligned.
Straight suction pipe to pump. (Reference Hydraulic
Institute Standard)
Certification shall be performed while pumps are
operating within design specifications.
5.6.4.3.Limits For Positive Displacement & Centrifugal Pumps
For purposes of Line Amplitude evaluations a "PUMPING
FREQUENCY" (PF) band will be established. The PF
Band will be centered on the Pumping Frequency (Number
of pumping elements X Pump RPM). The band will extend
+ 2 lines of resolution on either side of the line of
resolution containing the Pumping Frequency. (i.e.
Bandwidth = 5 lines of resolution)
Excluding the lines of resolution contained in the Pumping
Frequency (PF) Band, the Velocity Amplitude (Inch/secPeak) of any line of resolution, measured at bearing
locations in any direction shall not exceed the LineAmplitude Band Limit values specified in Table 5 and
graphed in Figure 5.
The Velocity Band-Limited Overall Amplitude (Inch/sec Peak) at bearing locations in any direction shall not exceed
the Pumping Frequency Band Limited Overall Amplitude
Acceptance Limit value specified in Table 5 and graphed in
Figure 5.
The Acceleration Band-Limited Overall Amplitude (g's
Peak) at bearing locations in any direction shall not exceed
the Band-Limited Overall Amplitude Acceptance Limit
values specified in Table 5 and graphed in Figure 6.

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MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE VIBRATION LEVELS FOR POSITIVE
DISPLACEMENT AND CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS
LINE-AMPLITUDE BAND LIMITS
FREQUENCY
VELOCITY
RANGE (CPM)
(INCH/SEC - PEAK)
0.3 x RPM
0.04
0.8 x RPM
0.8 x RPM
0.075
1.2 x RPM
1.2 x RPM
0.04
3.5 x RPM
3.5 x RPM
0.03
120,000 CPM

BAND
1
2
3
4

BAND-LIMITED OVERALL AMPLITUDE LIMITS

FREQUENCY
ACCELERATION
RANGE (CPM)
(gs PEAK)
0.3 x RPM - 300K CPM 1.5g - POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT
1.0g - NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT

BAND
1

PUMPING FREQ.
BAND (PF)

FREQUENCY
RANGE (CPM)

VELOCITY
(INCH/SEC - PEAK)

BAND 5

5 Lines of resolution
centered on PF.

0.075 PISTON
0.05 VANE

Table 5
POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT & CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS
BAND AMPLITUDE ACCEPTANCE LIMITS

.10
V .09
.08
E
.07
L
O .06
C .05
.04
I
.03
T
Y .02
(in/sec) .01

.075 PISTON

.075

VANE
.03

BAND 1 BAND 2

Fmin=0.3

.05

.04

.04

BAND 3
2

BAND 5
4

BAND 4
9 10

11

RUNNING SPEED ORDERS

NOTE: Band 5 is a floating band width of the pumping frequency 2 lines of resolution
acceptance limits for band 5 are line amplitude vibration levels

Fmax = 120K

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Figure 5
POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT & CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS
BAND-LIMITED OVERALL AMPLITUDE ACCEPTANCE LIMITS

A
C
C
E
L
E
R
A
T
I
O
N

2.0
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2

BAND 1

1.5g POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT PUMPS

1.0g CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS

(gs)

Fmax = 300K

FREQUENCY - CPM
Figure 6
5.6.4.4.Vertical Mounted Pumps
Vertically mounted pump systems with a "Vertical Mount
Height" greater than 5 feet will have an allowable increase
in Velocity Amplitude Acceptance Limits in Bands 1, 2,
and 3 of 5% per foot of "Vertical Mount Height" greater
than 5 feet. (e.g. A 7 foot Vertical Mount Height would
yield a 10% increase [(7 ft - 5 ft) x 5%/ft] in the Table 9.4A
Velocity Amplitude Acceptance Limits specified for Bands
1, 2, and 3. Therefore the limit for Band 1 would be [0.4
Inch/sec + (0.4 Inch/sec x 0.1)] = 0.44 Inch/sec-Peak.
Vertical Mount Height is defined as the furthest measurable
distance from the machine mounting to the end of the
driver or the end of the pump, which ever is greater.

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SECTION 5.7.5
5.6.5. GEARBOXES ANALYSIS and ACCEPTANCE
Gearboxes shall not exceed the Vibration Limits specified
table 6 and in Figures 7 and 8.
MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE VIBRATION LEVELS FOR GEARBOXES
LINE-AMPLITUDE BAND LIMITS
BAND
FREQUENCY
VELOCITY
RANGE (CPM)
(INCH/SEC - PEAK)
1
0.3 x RPM
0.04
0.8 x RPM
2
0.8 x RPM
0.075
1.2 x RPM
3
1.2 x RPM
0.04
3.5 x RPM
4
3.5 x RPM
0.03
120,000 CPM

BAND
1

BAND-LIMITED OVERALL AMPLITUDE LIMITS

FREQUENCY
ACCELERATION
RANGE (CPM)
(gs PEAK)
0.3 x RPM 3.5 x GMF or
1.0
600K CPM

Table 6
GEAR BOX
BAND AMPLITUDE ACCEPTANCE LIMITS

V
E
L
O
C
I
T
Y
(in/sec)

.10
.09
.08
.07
.06
.05
.04
.03
.02
.01

.075

.04

.04

BAND 1 BAND 2

Fmin=0.3

.03
BAND 4

BAND 3
2

9 10

RUNNING SPEED ORDERS

Figure 7

11

Fmax = 120K

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GEAR BOX
BAND LIMITED OVERALL AMPLITUDE ACCEPTANCE LIMITS
A
C
C
E
L
E
R
A
T
I
O
N

1.0
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
(gs)

1.0g (Peak)

BAND 1

FREQUENCY - CPM

Figure 8

Fmax = 3.5 X GMF

or 600K
(Which ever is greater)

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SECTION 5.7.6
5.6.6. COMPRESSOR ANALYSIS and ACCEPTANCE
5.6.6.1. Centrifugal Compressors
Centrifugal compressors shall not exceed the Vibration
Limits specified in Table 7 and Figures 8 and 9.
5.6.6.2. Positive Displacement
Positive displacement compressors shall not exceed the
Vibration Limits specified in Table 7 and Figures 8 and 9.
MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE VIBRATION LEVELS FOR POSITIVE
DISPLACEMENT AND CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSORS
BAND
1
2
3
4

BAND
1

LINE-AMPLITUDE BAND LIMITS

FREQUENCY
VELOCITY
RANGE (CPM)
(INCH/SEC - PEAK)
0.3 x RPM
0.04
0.8 x RPM
0.8 x RPM
0.075
1.2 x RPM
1.2 x RPM
0.04
3.5 x RPM
3.5 x RPM
0.03
120,000 CPM
BAND-LIMITED OVERALL AMPLITUDE LIMITS
FREQUENCY
ACCELERATION
RANGE (CPM)
(gs PEAK)
0.3 x RPM - 300K CPM 1.5g - POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT
1.0g - NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT

Table 7

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POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT & CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSORS

BAND AMPLITUDE ACCEPTANCE LIMITS

.10
V .09
.08
E
.07
L
O .06
C .05
.04
I
.03
T
Y .02
(in/sec) .01

.075

.04

.04
BAND 1 BAND 2

Fmin=0.3

.03
BAND 4

BAND 3
2

9 10

11

Fmax = 120K

RUNNING SPEED ORDERS

Figure 8

POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT & CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSORS

BAND-LIMITED OVERALL AMPLITUDE ACCEPTANCE LIMITS

A
C
C
E
L
E
R
A
T
I
O
N

2.0
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2

BAND 1

1.5g POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT COMPRESSORS

1.0g CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSORS

(gs)

Fmax = 300K

FREQUENCY - CPM

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Figure 9
6.0

REFERENCES
6.1.
PacifiCorp Employees. A special thanks to the dedicated plant
employees for their insight and input.
6.2.
General Motors Corporation. Specification No. V1.0a, GM_1761:
Vibration Standard for the Purchase of New and Rebuilt Machinery and
Equipment..
6.3.
"EPRI". Project 2817-01, TR103374: Predictive Maintenance Guidelines.
6.4.
"Technical Associates of Charlotte".
Level II Vibration Analysis
Handbook.