CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION (CPR) - ADULT

ASSESSMENT :
Use the mnemonic DR CAB to help you remember what to do.

IMPLEMENTATION:
ACTION
1 Assess for DANGER
Check RESPONSIVENESS by :
Tap or shake her/his shoulder and ask
2 "ARE YOU OKAY"?

Point to one person to call for help and

3 ACTIVATE Emergency Management
System (EMS)-#999

RATIONALE
Ensure there are no dangers and risk to yourself,
other bystanders or the casualty.
It is important to differentiate an unconcious
individual from someone who is
intoxicated,hypoglysemic, sleeping or in shock. It is
important to touch the casualty in case they having
hearing impairment.
To signify there is an emergency situation and need
for help.

CIRCULATION:

Restore blood circulation with chest compressions

Put the person on his /her back on a flat

and firm surface.

Proper positioning facilitates assessment of the

cardiac massage.

4 (Use caution when positioning the

casualty with possible of head or neck
injury)

Care must be taken in positioning person with

potential head and neck injury to prevent further
damage.

Kneel next to the person's neck and

5
shoulders.

Proper positioning prevent rescuer fatigue and

facilitates CPR by allowing the rescuer to move
from chest compression to artificial breathing with
minimal movement.

Palpate the carotid pulse. (no longer that

10 seconds).
Performing chest compression with a pulse could
result in injury. Additionally, the carotid pulse may
6 *If absent, begin chest compression.
persist when peripheral pulses are no longer
palpable.
* If present, continue rescue breathing
and check pulse every 2 minutes.
Place the heel of one hand over the
center of the person's chest, between the
Allows for maximum compression of the heart
two nipples. Place other hand on top of
7
the first hand. Keep elbows straight and between the sternum and vertebrae.
position shoulders directly above your
hands.

REMARK

Use upper body weight (not just arms) as

push straight down on (compress) the
chest at least 2 inches (approximately 5
8 centimeters).
Give 30 chest compression

Provide maximum blood circulation to coronary

arteries and brain because brain and tissue damage
can occur if the person hypoxic for longer than 4-6
minutes.

Ensure to release fully after each

compression

Incomplete chest recoil is associated with

decreased coronary and cerebral perfusion.

AIRWAY:

Clear the airway

Open the AIRWAY using "head tilt, chin

lift" method.
Preventing the tongue from obstructing the airway
Put palm on the person's forehead and
9 gently tilt the head back. Then with the
because a patent airway is essential for successful
other hand, gently lift the chin forward to artificial respirations.
open the airway.
10

Check for foreign body in the mouth,

remove out if you able to do it.

Prevent from potential of obstructing the airway

BREATHING:

Breathe for the person

Check breathing :
LOOK for chest movement
LISTEN for normal breath sounds.
11
FEEL for person's breath on your cheek.

Hypoxia can cause irreversible brain and tissue

damage after 4-6 minutes.

(No longer than 5 to 10 seconds)

With the airway open (using the head-tilt,
chin-lift maneuver), pinch the nostrils shut Occluding the nostrils and forming seal over the
12 for mouth-to-mouth breathing and cover person's mouth will prevent air leakage and provide
the person's mouth with yours, making a full inflation of the lungs.
seal.
Give two rescue breathing and watch to
13 see the chest rises.
(each breath is given over 1 second)
14

If chest does not rise, reposition the head

and repeat the breaths.

Resume chest compressions to restore

30 chest compressions followed by 2 rescue breaths
15 circulation and rescue breathing.(count as
is considered 1 cycle.
2nd cycle).
Continue the cycle of 30 chest
compressions to 2 rescue breaths until
16
there are signs of movement or help
arrives

Provide maximum blood circulation to coronary

arteries and brain.

Put the person in recovery position if the

pulse and breath is exist and there is a
17 movement. Stay with her/him till medical
team arrive. (do not perform this for
person with neck injury)

Gives gravity assistance to the clearance of physical

obstruction of the airway by the tongue, and also
gives a clear route by which fluid can drain from the
airway.

COMMENT :
NAME & SIGNATURE
BY OBSERVER/CI