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Presentation outline
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Embedded
Surface System (ESS)
Radiant Panels
(RP)
TABS
Radiant panels
Suspended or surface-mounted
ceiling panels
Cooling and heating
Specific heat
Density
kJ/kgC
Btu/lbF
kg/m3
lb/ft3
Water
4.2
1,000
62.4
Air
1.0
0.24
1.25
0.08
Viega
Radiant system
Dimension of the radiant pipes
(hidden in the slabs)
Air system
Dimension of the air ducts
(square section)
Image: Viega
Friday, January 23, 2015
Viega
Radiant system
Air system
Radiant system
Air system
Thermal comfort
10
Thermal comfort
Air systems control zone air temperature and primarily remove heat by
convection
Radiant slab systems control the temperature of the building mass and the
zone air temperature. They remove heat by both radiation and convective
heat transfer
Assess comfort using operative
temperature to capture the
combined effects of the air and
mean radiant temperature
11
Air
Radiant
73.4F
76.5F
79F
76F
Operative temp.
76.2F
76.2F
Comfort (PPD)
5%
5%
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cbe.berkeley.edu/comforttool
Friday, January 23, 2015
Viega
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CBE benchmark
(buildings with conventional
HVAC since 2004)
14
Energy efficiency
15
2. Use thermal storage in slab to reduce peak cooling loads and shift
operating times to nighttime and off-peak times
Smaller chilled water plant capacities and piping sizes as cooling load is
spread out over a 24 hour period, reducing first cost
Cooling towers
Heat pumps
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17
Architect: Stantec
Image: Wakely & Stantec
Friday, January 23, 2015
Viega
COP
Air system
Te= 2C (36F)
Tc =34C (93F)
8.6
14.4
57.4
19
20
Use hydronic slab for steady state base cooling (slow response)
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Tools
Modeling method
IES (VE)
Yes
TRNSYS
Yes
EnergyPlus
Yes
ESP-r
Yes
DOE-2
No
eQUEST
No
TRACE
No
Source: Feng, Bauman, Schiavon (2014)
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Case studies
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Map: bit.ly/RadiantBuildingsCBE
Friday, January 23, 2015
Viega
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Building type
Sub-category
Embedded Surface System
Thermally Activated Building Systems
Radiant Panels
Office
School (K-12)
University
Laboratory
Museum/Exhibition
Retail
Theater/Assembly
Hotel/Dormitory/Residential
Transportation
Multi-purpose
Other
Total number of buildings
Buildings
51
39
8
31
5
14
8
9
5
1
7
3
12
3
98
25
Map: bit.ly/RadiantBuildingsCBE
Friday, January 23, 2015
Viega
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Map: bit.ly/RadiantBuildingsCBE
Friday, January 23, 2015
Viega
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ARTIC, Anaheim, CA
General
Features
Designers
Image: HOK
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29
30
31
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Current
ENERGYSTAR
(Ending 6/30/2010)
Label
PerformanceMetrics
ENERGY STARRating
National
Average
99
75
50
Site(kBtu/ft2)
47
109
147
Source(kBtu/ft2)
68
157
212
EnergyUseIntensity
33
34
Temperature (F)
35
Temperature (F)
100
90
80
70
60
Jul 28
Jul 29
Jul 30
Jul 31
Aug 1
Aug 2
Aug 3
36
78
100
Temperature (F)
80
74
60
72
40
70
68
20
66
0:00
4:00
8:00
12:00
16:00
20:00
0:00
4:00
8:00
12:00
16:00
20:00
0:00
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120
Next steps
38
2014
160 buildings
Continuing trend away from
forced-air HVAC systems and
increased adoption of radiant
systems
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40
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Summary
42
Acknowledgments
43
Questions?
Fred Bauman
fbauman@berkeley.edu
44