Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
OF COMPUTATION (3-0-0)
Module I 10 Hrs
Alphabet, languages and grammars. Production rules and derivation of languages.
Chomsky hierarchy of languages. Regular grammars, regular expressions and finite
automata (deterministic and nondeterministic). Closure and decision properties of regular
sets. Pumping lemma of regular sets. Minimization of finite automata. Left and right linear
grammars.
Module II 12 Hrs
Context free grammars and pushdown automata. Chomsky and Griebach normal forms.
Parse trees, Cook, Younger, Kasami, and Early's parsing algorithms. Ambiguity and
properties of context free languages. Pumping lemma, Ogden's lemma, Parikh's theorem.
Deterministic pushdown automata, closure properties of deterministic context free
languages.
Module III 14 Hrs
Turing machines and variation of Turing machine model, Turing computability , Type 0
languages. Linear bounded automata and context sensitive languages. Primitive recursive
functions. Cantor and Godel numbering. Ackermann's function, mu-recursive functions,
recursiveness of Ackermann and Turing computable functions. Church Turing hypothesis.
Recursive and recursively enumerable sets.. Universal Turing machine and undecidable
problems. Undecidability of Post correspondence problem. Valid and invalid computations
of Turing machines and some undecidable properties of context free language problems.
Time complexity class P, class NP, NP completeness.
Text Books:
1. Introduction to Automata Theory, Languages and Computation: J.E. Hopcroft and J.D Ullman,
Pearson Education, 3rd Edition.
2. Introduction to the theory of computation: Michael Sipser, Cengage Learning
3. Theory of computation by Saradhi Varma, Scitech Publication
Reference Books:
1. Introduction to Languages and the Theory of Computation: Martin, Tata McGraw Hill, 3rd
Edition
2. Introduction to Formal Languages, Automata Theory and Computation: K. Kirthivasan, Rama
R, Pearson Education.
3. Theory of computer Science (Automata Language & computations) K.L. Mishra N.
Chandrashekhar, PHI.
4. Elements of Theory of Computation: Lewis, PHI
5. Theory of Automata and Formal Languages: Anand Sharma, Laxmi Publication
6. Automata Theory: Nasir and Srimani , Cambridge University Press.
7. Introduction to Computer Theory: Daniel I.A. Cohen, Willey India, 2 nd Edition.
3-0-0)
Table of problems[edit]
Hilbert's twenty-three problems are:
Problem
1st
Brief explanation
Status
Year
Solved
1963
Problem
Brief explanation
Status
Year
Solved
numbers)
There is no consensus on
whether results
of Gdel and Gentzengive a
solution to the problem as stated
by Hilbert. Gdel's second
2nd
Prove that
the axioms of arithmetic are consistent.
1936?
1900
Problem
4th
Brief explanation
Status
are geodesics.
or not.[n 1]
Year
Solved
1953?
Mathematical treatment of
the axioms of physics
19332002?
7th
by Gelfond's theorem or
1935
Problem
Brief explanation
Year
Status
Solved
theGelfondSchneider theorem.
Unresolved.
Partially resolved.[n 2]
9th
11th
Resolved. Result:
impossible, Matiyasevich's
theorem implies that there is no
1970
such algorithm.
Partially resolved.[15]
Unresolved.
Solve 7-th degree equation using algebraic The problem was partially solved
13th
(variant: continuous)functions of
two parameters.
14th
1957
[n 4]
1959
Problem
15th
Brief explanation
Status
byMasayoshi Nagata.
Year
Solved
Unresolved.
1927
(a) 1928
(b) 1998
Problem
Brief explanation
Status
Year
Solved
1957
22nd
23rd
needed]
Resolved.[citation needed]
Unresolved.