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It can be defined as
The angle at the point of observation measured on a horizontal plane in a northerly
direction and a point on the horizon circle where it is intersected by the arch of a
vertical circle going through to the zenith and the suns position.
Azimuth is usually measured in degrees ().
The azimuth angle is like a compass direction with North = 0 or 360 degrees and
South = 180 degrees, East 90 and West 270 degrees
()
When the HSA is between +/- 90o and 270o, then the sun is behind the facade, the
facade is in shade, there is no HSA.
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HORIZONTAL DEVICES
Horizontal device can be canopies, horizontal louver blades or externally applied
venetian blinds. Their performance will be measured by a vertical shadow angle.
The shading mask is of segmental shape. These will be most effective when the sun
is opposite to the building face considered and at a high angle, such as north and
south facing walls. To cover low angles the device would have to cover the window
completely permitting only downward view.
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