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Define Treaty

A treaty is an international agreement concluded between States in written form and governed by
international law, whether embodied in a single instrument or two or more related instruments and
whatever its particular designation.
State and explain the different kinds of treaties
Multilateral treaties
Open to all states of the world
Creates norms which are basis for a general rule of law
Treaties that create Collaborative Mechanisms
Operate though the organs of the different states
Universal scope
Regional
Bilateral Treaties
Contract treaties
In the nature of contractual agreements which create shared expectations such as trade
agreements of various forms
Define Reservation
It is a unilateral statement, however named or phrased, made by a State, when signing, ratifying,
accepting, approving or acceding to a treaty, whereby it purports to exclude or to modify the legal
effect of certain provisions of the treaty in their application to the State.
Legal effects of reservation
The provision to which the State expressed their reservation would have no effect or have modified
applicability as to their state, nonetheless, they are still signatories to the treaty.
Rules on Interpretation of Treaties
Objective approach
Interpretation according to the ordinary meaning of the words
Teological approach
According to the intent of the treaty
Subjective approach
honors the special meaning given by the parties
Grounds for invalidation of treaties
Error
Fraud
Corruption of a Representative of a State
Coercion of a Representative of a State
Coercion of a State by threat or use of force
Violation of jus cogens
Modes of terminating a treaty
Treaties are terminated or suspended according to the terms or with the consent of the parties.
Other reasons:
1. Material Breach

1. Repudiation of the treaty not sanction by the present conventions


2. Violation of provisions essential to the accomplishment of the object or purpose of the treaty
2. Supervening impossibility of the performance
3. Rebus sic stantibus
1. Resulted in a radical transformation of the extent of the obligations imposed by it, may,
under certain conditions, afford the party affected a ground for invoking the termination or
suspension of the treaty.
Who are the subjects of international law?
Those entities endowed with rights and obligations in the international order and possessing the
capacity to take certain kinds of action on the international plane
Issues of succession
1. Succession of territory former state's rights are terminated in favor of new state
2. succession to state property subject to agreement between the two
3. succession to contracts agreement
4. Succession to treaties Clean slate rule

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