11 Engine Tools Appliances Fdny

Probationary Firefighters Manual
Chapter 11
ENGINE COMPANY TOOLS

AND APPLIANCES
OBJECTIVE:
CONTENTS:
SOURCE:
FDNY REFERENCE:
To familiarize members with the uses of the tools and appliances

associated with Engine Companies.
Hose- specifications, use, care, loading, and maintenance

Fittings
Appliances- Handline nozzles and Multiversal nozzle
FDNY Firefighting Procedures

FDNY Training Bulletins
FDNY Firefighting Procedures, Vol. 2, Book 1 Engine Co. Ops.

Ch 7
TB Tools 7, DS 2,9,12,17; TB Tools 11, DS 1,2,3; TB Tools 17
11
PART ONE
HOSE
Section
Title
Page
SPECIFICATIONS 1
1.6
LIGHT WEIGHT HOSE2
HOSE IDENTIFICATION ...4
HOSE PRESSURE . 5
USE AT FIRES 5
COUPLING HOSE... 7
HOSE CARE..........................................................................7
FROZEN HOSE 9
HOSE REMOVAL AND MAINTENANCE .. 9
HOSE LOADING. 11
10
ROLLED AND FOLDED HOSE 12
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ENGINE COMPANY TOOLS & APPLIANCES
PART 1: HOSE
Developing an effective fire stream is one of the most basic fundamentals of any fire
fighting operation. Hose is the primary tool for the application of water. The proper
selection, use, care and maintenance of hose will determine if an effective fire stream can
be delivered.
1.
HOSE SPECIFICATION
1.1
The most common sizes of hose carried by engine companies are:

DIAMETER
COUPLING
LENGTH
1 3/4
2 1/2
3 1/2
1 1/2
2 1/2
3
50
50
50
MAX. WORKING
PRESSURE
250 PSI
250 PSI
250 PSI
1.2
Marine companies have 3 1/2 inch hose with 3 1/2 inch couplings.
1.3
High pressure engine companies carry 3 inch high pressure hose with 3 inch
couplings. This hose has a maximum working pressure of 600 psi. High pressure
hose couplings and fittings are painted white for identification and are noticeably
heavier than standard couplings and fittings.
1.4
The Satellite Water System uses 5 inch large diameter hose (LDH) with 4 1/2 inch
couplings.
1.5
Pursuant to the requirements determined by the Bureau of Operations, each

engine company should maintain a minimum of (20) twenty lengths of 1 3/4 inch,
(30) thirty lengths of 2 1/2 inch and (10) ten lengths of 3 1/2 inch hose. This
includes hose for winter operations, standpipe operations and replacement lengths
stored in quarters as well as that which is carried in the apparatus hose beds.
Greater amounts of hose may be carried by specific units depending upon the
individual units requirements.
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1.6 Lightweight Standpipe Hose
Lightweight standpipe hose provides for a lighter, more maneuverable standpipe stretch that will enable the
nozzle team to more quickly reach the seat of the fire. An added benefit is less fatigue when carrying the hose.
The hose is manufactured by Mercedes Textiles. It is comprised of a thermoplastic polyurethane liner

and a double jacket made from spun polyester. This hose has way-out couplings a yellow,
reflective arrow pointing toward the exit is on each female coupling. All couplings are 2 FDNY
thread.
Hose Weight Comparisons per 50 length

Current 2 1/2" Hose
Light Weight 2 1/2"

Hose
Light Weight 2" Hose
Dry Weight
35 lbs.
23 lbs.
18.8 lbs.
Charged Weight
135 lbs.
123 lbs.
83 lbs.
Image 1 - 2" Hose (Lead Length)
Image 2 - 2 1/2" Hose
Image 3 - 1" Tip
The standpipe stretch consisted of a lead length of lightweight 2 hose, with a 1 solid bore tip. The rest of the
stretch is 2 lightweight hose. The 2 hose is green with two red stripes (Image 1) and the 2 hose is white
with two red stripes. (Image 2) The 1 solid bore tip has been marked with green tape or anodized emerald green
for identification purposes. (Image 3)
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The green 2 hose is ONLY to be used for a Residential High Rise Fires and MUST be the lead
length.
The 2 hose MUST be used with the 1 tip. The hose is green and the tip has green
tape or it's anodized emerald green for identification purposes.
The 2 lead length may be used with the High Rise Nozzle.
Subway standpipe operations require all 2 hose with 1 1/8 tip.
Commercial High Rises require an all 2 stretch with a 1 1/8 tip.
The light weight hose has 2 butts with FDNY threads. Current hose may be used, if
needed, to fill out a stretch..
When using the green 2 lead length:
80 psi at the outlet for a three-length stretch.

90 psi at the outlet for a four-length stretch.
Engine pressure is 110 psi plus 5 psi for every floor above ground-level.
The green 2 hose is For Residential Use Only. This instruction is printed on the hose. Testing has shown that
the above pressures will flow 200 to 210 gpm at the nozzle.
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2.

HOSE IDENTIFICATION
2.1
Each length of hose is marked as follows:
Marking
Hose manufacturers name or trademark
Date of manufacture
Coupling manufacturers name or trademark
Date of Issuance to unit
Company and registry numbers
Location
Both ends of hose, not less
than 4 feet from couplings
Female coupling
Male coupling
2.2
The date of issuance is to be entered in the Office Record Journal as required by

Sections 13.2.5 and 15.3.1 of the Regulations.
2.3
The date of issuance is also the date to be referred to in Department

correspondence.
2.4
IDENTIFICATION OF HOSE AT FIRES:

Units should consider the use of chalk or a grease pencil to identify hose lines.
Some units maintain small chalk boards at the pump panel for this purpose.
ECCs from other units simply mark the hose attached to the discharge elbow or
the discharge gauge with a grease pencil. Color coded pump panels on all engines
purchased after 12/01/92 should also help to eliminate confusion in identifying
hoselines.
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3.
HOSE PRESSURE
3.1
The maximum pressure in hose lines should be limited to 250 psi. Only
emergency needs which allow for no other corrective action permit the use of
higher pump pressures. Pressures in excess of 250 psi can only be ordered by the
IC.
3.2
Hose line pressure should approach as nearly as possible the ideal pressure
required for the stretch. The ideal pressure is a function of:
Friction loss in the hose, fittings, and appliances.
Required nozzle pressure.
Head loss or gain.
3.3
Excessive pressure in a hoseline wastes engine power, may cause a burst length,
may result in an ineffective stream, and may endanger personnel if control of the
line is lost.
3.4
In order to supply the correct pressure in a hoseline, the following information

must be known:
Type of nozzle and/or size of nozzle tip.
Number of lengths of hose in the stretch and its size.

ex:
6 lengths of 1 3/4 inch hose
3 lengths of 2 1/2 inch hose
Number of floors or stories above or below grade where nozzle is
operating.
4.

3.5
To reduce friction loss, keep hoselines as straight, as short, and as free of kinks as
possible. Kinks in hoselines can significantly reduce required flows and must be
removed as soon as possible.
3.6
Kinks should be removed manually. Attempting to straighten kinks hydraulically

by use of unwarranted pressures is not good practice.
HOSE USE AT FIRES

4.1
The 1 3/4 inch handline is the primary attack line used at structural fires. This
hose when used in conjunction with the 15/16 inch MST and controlling nozzle,
provides an adequate fire stream and has better maneuverability and easier
handling than the larger 2 1/2 inch handline. At a nozzle pressure of 50 psi, the
1 3/4 inch handline will flow approximately 180 gpm.
4.2
Company officers may order the stretching of 1 3/4 inch hose at fires as the initial
line if its use is compatible with fire conditions and the extinguishing capability of
the 1 3/4 inch hose is weighed against:
The fire's magnitude, location and potential for spread.
The occupancy of the structure and possible life hazard.
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The advantages to be gained by an increased speed in stretching and the

increased mobility of the line, versus the need for a greater water delivery
rate to control the fire.
4.3
The use of 1 3/4 inch hose would be inappropriate and a company officer should
not order it stretched if any of the following conditions exist:
The line is expected to be used from a purely defensive position.
An advanced fire on arrival.
A large volume of water is required to cool a superheated fire area.
A large body of fire in a large uncompartmented area.
When the officer cannot determine the size or extent of the fire or fire
area.
4.4
Officers in command at fires may order 1 3/4 inch hose stretched as the second or
third line when in their judgment it is compatible with fire conditions and their
strategy of extinguishment/containment and/or exposure protection.
4.5
Officers in command at fires may order several 1 3/4 inch hose stretched into
exposures when it is compatible with fire conditions and their strategy of
extinguishment/containment and/or exposure protection.
4.6
All hoselines stretched from standpipes shall be 2 1/2 inch diameter hose with
controlling nozzle and 1 1/8 inch MST. All hoselines stretched from standpipes
shall be connected to outlets on floors below the fire floor.
4.7
The use of 2 1/2 inch hose line at standpipe operations is required due to the large
volumes of water it can deliver with low friction loss per length. The 1 1/8 inch
MST will produce a fire stream at extremely low pressure and is difficult to clog.
4.8
3 1/2 inch hose is used to provide greater water flows with less friction loss. This
hose should be used to:
Supply standpipe and sprinkler systems.
Supply large caliber streams.
Relay water to other engine companies.
In-line supply for the first due engine company.
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5.
COUPLING HOSE
5.1
5.2
5.3
6.

Coupling hose with two firefighters
One firefighter holds the hose under the right arm, near the male coupling.
The male coupling is extended, held with two hands about belt high. The
male coupling is held steady.
The second firefighter holds the second length under the right arm, close
to the female coupling.
The female coupling is extended to the male, a quarter turn is taken to the
left, to seat the coupling, then it is swiveled to the right.
a.
The first thread of both couplings is blunted with a Higbie cut.

This serves a dual purpose; it protects the threads and also makes
coupling easy.
b.
One lug, on each coupling, male and female, has a cut in it. If the
two cuts are lined up, the hose is in position for coupling. In this
case the quarter turn mentioned above is not required.
Coupling hose with one firefighter - Method A
Step on the male end of the hose directly behind the coupling. This raises
the coupling off the ground.
Take the female coupling of the second length and seat it by taking a
quarter turn to the left. Then turn to the right to tighten it.
Coupling hose with one firefighter - Method B
Hold the male butt up between your two feet
Take the female coupling of the second length and seat it by taking a
quarter turn to the left. Then turn the female swivel to the right to tighten.
5.4
The hose is uncoupled by reversing any of the foregoing procedures.
5.5
Couplings are made up right-threaded. To tighten they are turned to the right (as
you work behind them), and to the left to loosen.
5.6
Couplings are made up hand tight. Use a spanner if couplings leak.
5.7
Direction of male threads: Normally point in the direction of water flow.
HOSE CARE
6.1
While operating at fires, frequent checks should be made of the hose line to assure
that it is not in danger of being burned. Particular attention should be paid to this
under the following conditions:
When the hose is stretched through scuttles to the roof to fight a cockloft
fire or as a protection line.
When the hose is laid on combustible flooring on the floor above the fire.
When the hose is stretched at large area brush or rubbish fires.
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When the hose is stretched above or past the main body of fire to cover
rescue efforts.
6.2
When stretching hose to the fire building, be aware of falling glass, it can cut the
hose as well as injure members.
6.3
During overhauling, particular care must be exercised to keep hose out of hot beds
of ashes and away from concealed fires.
6.4
If possible, the hose shall be kept out of contact with acids, chemicals, gasoline,
oils, paints, etc.
A.
6.5
6.6
If possible, the hose shall not be dragged through debris or water

contaminated with any of these materials.
Hose butts and couplings should not be dropped or dragged on the ground
unnecessarily.
During overhauling, when taking up from operations, and at drills, there is

no valid reason for dragging butts.
To avoid dragging when moving uncoupled hose, carry the butts and pull
the hose. If sufficient manpower is available, carry the hose clear of the
ground.
Apparatus shall not be driven over hose lines unless absolutely necessary. When it
is necessary to drive over hose lines, the following precautions should be taken:
Charge the line if possible. Hose is more susceptible to damage when it is

uncharged than when it is charged because the wheels tend to separate the
jacket from the rubber lining of dry hose.
Running over couplings should be avoided.
To prevent the hose from bursting, speed should be reduced to a

minimum.
5-inch hose should not be driven over unless properly bridged.
6.7
Before stretching hose lines through windows or through broken glass doors, trim
off all shards of glass to prevent the hose from being cut.
6.8
Use hose rollers and ropes where the situation calls for it.
6.9
Hose stretched on the outside of buildings, via fire escapes and in stairwells
should be secured with hose straps or rope to remove the water weight from the
couplings.
6.10
RESULTS OF IMPROPER CARE AT FIRES
Fires and hot embers in contact with hose can damage the jacket
and cause burst lengths and ultimately the destruction of the hose.
Heat in contact with the hose will cause hardening and cracking of
the rubber lining.
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7.
Acids and some other chemicals in contact with hose will attack
and weaken the jacket.
Oils, paints and gasoline, if left in contact with hose, will seep
through the jacket and cause deterioration of the rubber lining.
Dropping or dragging butts and couplings can burr threads,

sharpen lug edges and wear out identifying numbers. It could also
lead to couplings becoming out of round or cracked.
FROZEN HOSE
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
8.

The following methods should be considered to free hose from ice:
Chop the ice away carefully so as not to cut the hose jacket.
Use the thawing apparatus.
The following methods should be considered to free frozen couplings:
Use the thawing apparatus.
Heat from the exhaust pipe of the apparatus.
Transporting frozen hose to Quarters:
Frozen hose may be transported on pumpers, provided long round turns

are made when placing it on the apparatus.
Frozen hose shall be handled and bent as little as possible.
If the hose is frozen solid, consideration should be given to transporting it

on aerial apparatus. The hose can be laid out straight, which will avoid
damage through bending.
Upon return to quarters, the frozen hose should be allowed to thaw out naturally
before any maintenance is performed on the hose.
HOSE REMOVAL AND HOSE MAINTENANCE

8.1 Hose on the apparatus is removed and cleaned in the Spring and Fall of each year in
accordance with Section 13.3.24 of the Regulations. Units must check the hose bed,
roll-ups and stored hose serial numbers for replacement due to age. The age of the
hose is determined by the first two numbers of the serial number stamped on the
coupling (i.e. 970023 - the first two numbers "97" would be a 1997 length needing to
be replaced in 2007). Any hose that will reach 10 years in the current calendar year is
to be taken out of service with the company officer immediately notifying the Fire
Tools and Equipment Unit via fax (718-391-9488) the serial numbers, size and
length for replacement
Periodic removal of the hose is required in order to prevent permanent

creases from developing and for necessary servicing.
Officers on duty shall remain in apparatus quarters to supervise hose

changes.
Hose shall be removed from the apparatus, cleaned if necessary, inspected,

and repacked.
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Hose with aluminum alloy couplings should be uncoupled monthly and

the threads greased to prevent seizing.
Dirty threads should be brushed clean in a pail of soapy water and then
rinsed.
Female couplings should turn freely. The collar in the back of the swivel
should be cleared of dirt and residue in order to prevent binding. Spinning
the coupling in soapy water will assist in cleaning the threads and the
swivel.
Hose that has been used at a fire, emergency or drill should be drained and
cleaned if necessary.
Hose exposed to chemicals, oils, acid, etc., must be properly

decontaminated and should not be repacked on the apparatus. Assistance
from the Hazardous Materials Unit should be requested for proper
treatment of the hose.
Hose that has been used to carry salt water should be flushed thoroughly
with fresh water.
Hose may be exposed to salt used for snow removal or may be covered
with salt water during operations at waterfront fires. Hose so exposed
should be thoroughly scrubbed and rinsed off in order to remove salt
deposits.
8.2
Hose should be inspected before being placed on the apparatus.
Do not place a length of hose in service which is of doubtful strength

because of cuts, chafed areas or other noticeable defects.
If the serviceability of a length of hose is in doubt, test it to 250 psi.(see

Sec.7.14, Hose Test Procedures).
Before connecting lengths of hose, the couplings should be checked for

cracks, out of round, burred threads, and the presence of a washer in the
female coupling.
Washers should be resilient, not dried out or cracked. To test the resiliency
of a washer, remove it from the coupling and fold it between your thumb
and forefinger. If it does not crack and returns to shape quickly, it may be
returned to the coupling. If it cracks or shows sign of deterioration, replace
it. Engine companies should maintain spare washers for each size hose
carried, both in quarters and on the apparatus. Spare washers may be
requested from the Division of Technical Services.
The proper sized washer should be used and it should not protrude into the
water way.
If couplings are cracked, out of round, have burred threads or bound
swivels, the hose must be sent to Division of Technical Services for repair
or replacement.
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9

HOSE LOADING
9.1
Conditions vary in individual response areas throughout the city. Division,

battalion and company commanders shall consult and agree on the hose loading
method and the number of lengths that will best suit the needs of each response
district.
9.2
The typical hose load has:
One bed of 3 1/2 inch hose.
One bed of 2 1/2 inch hose.
Two beds with lead lengths of 1 3/4 inch hose coupled to 2 1/2 inch hose
to finish out the load.
9.3
No more than six lengths of 1 3/4 inch hose shall be used as lead lengths in any
hose stretch. Greater friction loss in 1 3/4 inch hose precludes the use of more
lengths without the danger of exceeding the maximum permissible working
pressure of 250 psi.
9.4
When loading hose, fold it neatly, compactly and uniformly. Loading hose
correctly allows the hose to play out properly and at the same time indicates to the
public and to the Department, the state of supervision and spirit of the company.
9.5
When folding hose, avoid old bends since repeated bending in the same spot leads
to kinking and to cracking of the rubber lining.
9.6
Do not permit the hose to lie over on its edge.
9.7
Loading the hose in the hose bed (see Fig. 1):

A.
Load hose from left to right.
B.
Start hose loading with the coupling extended beyond the hose bed.
C.
Lay the hose straight back to the left rear of the compartment.
D.
Fold the hose at the rear and bring it about halfway forward on top of
itself.
E.
At this halfway point, veer the hose slightly to the right so as to come
alongside of the first fold.
F.
Repeat the movement back and forth moving from left to right. Upon
completing the first layer, fold the hose at the right rear side and cross
diagonally to the left front side, and repeat until the hose loading is
complete.
G.
Hose folds are made several inches beyond the edge of the hose bed for
ease in grasping and removing. Keep folded ends even.
H.
Avoid folding hose too close to the coupling.
I.
To insure the hose lies flat on the bed, avoid twisting the hose when
coupling it.
J.
Do not force extra fold across the width, since this will interfere with
removal.
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K.

Each individual length of hose shall be disconnected and drained prior to
reloading. When reloading, each length of hose shall be reconnected just
prior to reaching the hose bed. Do not preconnect lengths of hose prior to
reaching the hose bed or while they lay in the street. This ensures proper
drainage of the hose and prevents ice formation during freezing weather
9.8
Some companies load one or more lengths of 1 3/4 inch hose in a horseshoe. This
is formed by placing the hose on edge and folding the hose back and forth in the
shape of a horseshoe (see Fig. 2). The horseshoe permits ease in grasping and
stretching and ensures exactly one length of hose is removed
9.9
Company commanders shall establish a method whereby a length of 3 1/2 inch

hose can be stretched from either side of the apparatus in the event a hydrant
hookup with a standard hydrant connection is not feasible.
Fig. 1
10.
Fig. 2
ROLLED AND FOLDED HOSE

10.1
As required by Section 13.2.8 of the Regulations, engine companies shall carry

not less than three lengths of 2 1/2 inch and not less than three lengths of 1 3/4
inch hose (rolled or folded) and the necessary fittings to place a line into operation
including, but not limited to, appropriate hydrant wrenches, reducers, nozzles, etc.
Additionally, each engine company shall ensure that an extra length of 1 3/4 inch
hose with nozzle, either rolled or folded, is stored on the apparatus. This hose
must be easily accessible so that it can be used to replace a burst length or for
adding to a short stretch.
10.2
Rolled Length In Service Roll

A.
Lay the hose out flat and straight for its full length.
B.
Take the male end and double it back on itself.
C.
Place the male butt about 3 feet from the female coupling (see Fig. 3)
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D.
Beginning at the folded end, roll the doubled hose tightly toward the
couplings ( allow a hand hole about the size of a fist at the doubled end for
carrying the hose).
E.
One member rolls the hose while a second member keeps the hose straight
and removes slack.
F.
Secure the rolled up length with a short piece of rope (see Figs.4 and
5)
Hose which is to be sent to the Division of Technical Services shall be
single rolled with the male butt inside.
G.
Fig. 3
Turns in rope are shown loosely. In actual

practice, rope is made up, securely.
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
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10.3

Folded Length
A. Lay one length of hose folded halfway with the 2 butts side by side.
Facing butts, male butt is on your left. (Figure 6)
One length folded in half
Figure 6
NOTE: For lead length, attach nozzle and fold hose in half so that nozzle tip is on your
left even with the female butt. (Figure 7A)
Figure 7 A
B. Bring fold B to the butts A. (Figure 8)
Figure 8
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C. Bring fold C up to the butts over fold B. (Figure 9)
Figure 9
D. Bring fold D up and over so that it is on top of fold B and fold C. (Figure 10)
Figure 10
E. Take the completed folds and turn them over so that the male butt is placed on
the right of the folded length. (Figure 11)
Female
Male
Male
Female
Figure 11
F. Secure completed folds with strap connector on top as indicated. Straps must
be tight enough so the butts will not flop around. (Figure 12)
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Figure 12
G.
Proceed as per Evolution 9. (Figure 12 A)
Figure 12A
16
PART TWO
FITTINGS
Section
Title
Page
INTRODUCTION. .. 19
DEFINITIONS 19
RULES FOR CONNECTING COUPLINGS20
COUPLING SITUATIONS AND SOLUTIONS. 21
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PART TWO: FITTINGS

1.
INTRODUCTION
The department uses hose of various sizes and employs several methods of stretching
hose lines. Appliances used in conjunction with hose lines have couplings varying in size
and sex and occasionally threads. The preceding present situations where due to size, sex
or thread variations, it is impossible to connect couplings together. In these instances it is
necessary to use fittings to facilitate connecting incompatible couplings. This Bulletin
lists and illustrates the various types of fittings used by the Department as well as the
methods employed when using them.
2.
DEFINITIONS
2.1 Adapter: A solid fitting with a N.Y. Fire Dept. coupling on one end and a different
(usually National Standard) coupling on the other.
2.2 Appliances: A device used to apply water or other extinguishing agent on a fire; or
to divide, control or combine hose streams.
2.3 Connect: Joining two couplings together to form a continuous waterway.
2.4 Coupling: That device on a length of hose for connecting it to other lengths of hose
or appliances or fittings; that part of a fitting or appliance used to
connect it to a hose line or other fittings or appliance.
Note: In F.D.N.Y., the common coupling is a threaded type, solid male
or female swivel which mate. Other type couplings are: Quick connect
and Hermaphrodite which are not used by NYFD
2.5 Double Female Connection:
Fitting with a female coupling on both ends, with a swivel connection on
one or both ends.
2.6 Double male connection:
Solid fitting with male coupling on both ends.
2.7 Fitting
A device other than an appliance used in conjunction with hose line
operations. Some common fittings are: Double female connection,
double male connection, reducer; double female reducer; increaser;
adapters.
2.8 Increaser: Solid fitting with a larger size male coupling than female coupling.
2.9 Reducer: Solid fitting with female coupling larger than male coupling.
Note: A special case is a double female swivel reducer. (see Figure 2).
2.10 Sex
Determined by location of the threads on a coupling.
Female coupling threads are located internally.

Male coupling threads are located externally.
2.11 Size
Diameter of waterway generally graduated in a 1/2" sequence.
2.12 Solid coupling:
Coupling that does not swivel relative to the fitting, appliance or hose that
it is a part of.
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2.13 Swivel coupling:

A coupling capable of rotation relative to the fitting, appliance or hose of
which it is a part.
3.
RULES FOR CONNECTING COUPLINGS

3.1 Sex: Couplings of the same sex and size may be connected by using a double male or
double female connection.
3.2 Size: Compare the size of the couplings:
If the male is smaller than the female, an increaser is used.
If the male is larger than the female, a reducer is used.
3.3 Solid to solid: The couplings of hose, fittings and appliances are connected "solid to
solid" whenever possible. A non swiveling (solid) coupling is
connected to another non-swiveling section. This procedure enables a
member to effectively make a final connection by means of the
remaining female swivel connection of a hose coupling, fitting or
other appliance.
3.3.1 Figure 1 illustrates a situation where fittings are used and connected solid to solid
as described in Sec. 3.3.
Figure 1
SOLID
(no swivel)
3
3x 2 1/2
2 1/2 x 1 1/2
1 1/2
NOT SOLID
(swivel)
3.4 Direction of the male threads: Normally point in the direction of water flow
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4.

BASIC COUPLING SITUATIONS AND SOLUTIONS

4.1
4.2
4.2.1
DOUBLE MALE CONNECTION

Purpose: To connect two female couplings of the same size.
Description: solid fitting with a solid male coupling on both ends.
Sizes:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
4.2.2
1 1/2"
2 1/2"
3"
3 1/2"
4 1/2"
DOUBLE FEMALE CONNECTION

Purpose: To connect two male couplings of the same size.
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Description: A fitting with female coupling on both ends with a swivel
coupling on one or both of these ends.
Sizes:
a.
1 1/2"
b.
2 1/2"
c.
3"
d.
3 1/2"
e.
4 1/2"
4.3
4.3.1 REDUCER
Purpose: To connect couplings when the male coupling is larger size than the
female coupling.
Description: Solid fitting with female coupling larger size than male
coupling.
Size
1 1/2"
x
1"
2 1/2"
x
1 1/2"
3"
x
2 1/2"
3 1/2"
x
3"
4.3.1A DOUBLE FEMALE SWIVEL REDUCER 4 1/2 X 2 1/2" (Figure 2)
Purpose: To connect two male couplings when one has 4 1/2" threads and the
other has 2 1/2" threads. Generally used to connect a 4 1/2" hydrant
suction connection to a 2 1/2" hydrant outlet.
Description: A fitting with a 4 1/2" female coupling on one end and 2 1/2"
female coupling on the other. The 2 1/2" coupling swivels.
FIGURE 2
22
FDNY
Chapter Eleven

4.3.2 INCREASER
Purpose: To connect couplings where the female coupling is larger in size
than male coupling.
Description: A solid fitting with male coupling larger in size than female
coupling.
Size
1"
1"
2"
3"
3"
3"
to
to
to
to
to
to
1" booster
2"
3"
3"
4" Satellite Water System
4" Satellite Water System
Note: 1" to 2" increaser can be used to connect (1-3/4" hose with 1"
coupling) to appliances with 2" couplings. It can be used to extend and
control a 2" line from a shut-off with a 1" male coupling.
4.4
SEX
Same
SITUATION
SIZE
Different
ADJUSTMENT
SEX
SIZE
Yes
Yes
Figure 3
OR
Figure 4
23
FITTINGS
NEEDED
Double Male and Increaser or
Double Female and Reducer
FDNY
Chapter Eleven

OR
4.5
SIZE
Same
SITUATION
THREAD
Different
ADJUSTMENT
SIZE
THREAD
No
Yes
FITTINGS
NEEDED
Adaptor
Figure 4
ADAPTORS
4.5.1 PURPOSE: To connect couplings with N.Y. Fire Department threads to
couplings with other type threads.
4.5.2 NATIONAL STANDARD ADAPTER 1 1/2" X 1 1/2" (Figure 5)
Permits National Standard appliances, fittings and hose to be used with
FDNY equipment.
Solid fitting with a 1 1/2" N.Y. Fire Department female coupling with
1 1/2" National Standard male coupling.
\
Figure 5
1 x1 1/2
24
FDNY
Chapter Eleven

4.5.3 FDNY ADAPTER 1 1/2" X 1 1/2" (Figure 6)

Permits FDNY appliances, fittings and hose to be used with
Standard equipment.
National
Solid fitting with a 1 1/2" National Standard female coupling with

1 1/2" NY Fire Dept male coupling.
\
.
FIGURE 6
FDNY
1 1/2x 1 1/2
4.5.4 F.D.N.Y. ADAPTER 2" X 2" (Figure 7)

Permits FDNY appliances, fittings and hose to be used with
Standard equipment.
National
Solid fitting with a 2 1/2" National Standard female coupling with

2 1/2" NY Fire Dept male coupling.
FIGURE 7
2 1/2 National Std.
2 1/2 FDNY
25
FDNY
Chapter Eleven
4.5.5

IMPROVISING
On occasion, it becomes necessary to improvise, when an indicated fitting
is not available. (Fig 8) & (Fig 9)
A. Problem: Connect two 2" female couplings, no 2" double male
coupling is available. (Fig 8)
Solution:
Use a 3" double male connection, connect a 3" x 2"

reducer to each coupling of the double male and connect to
the 2" female couplings.
Figure 8
3 double male
reducer 3x 2 1/2
B. Problem: Connect two 2" male couplings, no 2" female coupling is

available. (Fig 9)
Solution:
Connect a 2" x 3" increaser to each 2" male coupling

and connect the couplings by means of a 3" double female.
Figure 9
double female 3
increasers 2 1/2x 3
26
PART THREE
APPLIANCES
Section
Title
Page
Nozzles .29
Nozzle Maintenance ......34
Multiversal Nozzle 36
High Rise Nozzle...44
FDNY
Chapter Eleven

PART THREE: APPLIANCES

1.
NOZZLES
1.1.
DEFINITIONS AND DESIGNATIONS

1.1.1
A nozzle is a hose line appliance that is either single unit or multi-unit, in

that it is composed of one or more sub-assemblies. It is used to direct the
flow of water increase the velocity or flow, or disperse the water in small
droplets or fog** in various patterns.
1.1.2
OPEN NOZZLE- basically a solid stream tip designed to be attached

directly to the hose butt. It differs from MST in that no threads are
provided at its outlet orifice.
1.1.3
CONTROLLING NOZZLE- any nozzle which contains a mechanism for

controlling the flow of water at the nozzle.
1.1.4.
WORKING NOZZLE- any nozzle carried attached to hose in the hose bed
of the apparatus
1.1.5
SHUT-OFF (SO) Figure 1- That section of the nozzle that contains the
water control valve. It is identified by the letters "SO".
FIGURE 1
Typical Shut-Off (SO)
29
FDNY
Chapter Eleven
1.1.6

TIP - in attachment usually connected to a SO, or a hose butt; it performs
the basic function of the nozzle and is designed in various forms. The
characteristics of Solid Stream tips and nozzles are determined by tip
design. The patterns and flows of fog stream tips and nozzles are
determined by special designs.
A.
SOLID STREAM TIPS are generally Stacked. Stacked Tips for

hand lines are limited to two individual tips.
a-
MAIN SOLID STREAM TIP (MST) [Figure 2] - is fitted

with threads at its outlet orifice, is the first tip of the stack,
and is attached directly to a SO.
FIGURE 2
Typical Main Solid Stream Tip (MST)
Converging
section of bore
Hub
Cylindrical
section of bore
Washer space
Outlet
Orifice Diameter
Inlet
Orifice Diameter
Coupling Female
(Generally 1 1/2 FDNY Thread)
b-
OUTER SOLID STREAM TIP (OST) [Figure 3] - does not have

outlet orifice threads, and is threaded at its inlet for
attachment to a MST to further reduce bore diameter. The
1/2" tip is a OST.
FIGURE 3
Typical Outer Solid Stream Tip (OST)
Male threads are compatible with

discharge outlet threads of 3/4,
15/16, 1 1/8, 1 1/4, MST
1/2 Outlet
Inlet
Leather
Washer
Hub
Cylindrical
section of bore
30
FDNY
Chapter Eleven

B.
FOG TIPS and FOG NOZZLES are fog producing devices.

1.
FOG TIP (FT), Figure 4- the most common types have an

outer rotating barrel which is used for stream adjustments
and, in some models, as a shut-off.
2.
Most FT's are classified as Combination Straight stream/

Fog devices. The straight stream is hollow and the fog
patterns depend on adjustments permitted by the Outer
Rotating Barrel.
FIGURE 4
Typical Comb. SS/FOG* Tip (FT)
Baffle
Rim
Serrated Teeth
Tip may have raised

(braille-like)
Pattern indicators
and/or click stops
Outer Rotating Barrel
Sleeve
Coupling Lug
(pin type)
*Straight Stream/Fog
Coupling - Swivel or non-swivel female

base 1 1/2 or 2 1/2 thread
3.
FOG NOZZLE (FN), Figure 5 is defined as a fog

producing device that contains, addition to the
Outer Rotating Barrel, a ball-type shut-off as an
integral part of its assembly.
31
FDNY
Chapter Eleven

FIGURE 5
Typical Comb. SS/FOG* Nozzle (FN)
Rim
Serrated Teeth
Baffle
In some models
rubber /plastic guard
Outer rotating barrel
Nozzle may have raised

(braille-like) pattern
indicators and/or click stops
Sleeve
Integral shut-off
Shut-off
handle
Coupling lug
(pin type)
Coupling swivel or non-swivel

female base 1 1/2 or 2 1/2 thread
*Straight Stream/Fog
C.
FTs AND FNs MAY BE OF VARYING DESIGN:

1.
CONSTANT FLOW OR VARIABLE FLOW - These

terms define what occurs to the amount of water being
discharged when the pattern selection is changed.
CONSTANT FLOW Once a given flow had been
established, a flow will remain constant and will not vary if
the discharge pattern is changed. Because of this feature,
member must be aware that the volume discharged may be
less than required.
VARIABLE FLOW - Once a given flow has been
established, flow will vary if the discharge pattern is
changed. For example, more water is generally delivered in
the fog position than in the straight stream position.
2.
CONSTANT PRESSURE OR VARIABLE PRESSURE

These terms define what occurs to the nozzle pressure
when the amount of water being supplied to the tip/nozzle
is increased or decreased.
32
FDNY
Chapter Eleven

VARIABLE PRESSURE (Non Automatic) - Nozzle
pressure will vary directly as the water being supplied is
increased or decreased. Depending on nozzle design,
nozzle pressure may or may not be affected by chances in
pattern selection
CONSTANT PRESSURE (Automatic)- nozzle pressure

remains practically constant within the operational limits of
the automatic feature of the tip, as the water being supplied
is increased or decreased. Changes in pattern selection will
not affect nozzle pressure
AUTOMATIC FOG TIPS (FT1 and FT2)
OPERATING PRINCIPLE
The FT-1 and FT-2 tips are automatically adjusting tips, which provide constant flow.
A baffle is connected to a spring within the tip housing. As the engine pressure is
increased, the baffle moves forward, providing a larger discharge orifice, with a
corresponding increase in nozzle flow. The reverse is true if the engine pressure is
reduced. Within limits, the nozzle pressure remains constant as the flow increases or
decreases.
Operating Ranges:
FT-1:
FT-2:
80-200 gpm
85-325 gpm
@70 - 93 psi
@65 105 psi
The GPM will remain the same during pattern changes (Straight stream through full
fog.).
If insufficient engine pressure is maintained, the tip will automatically adjust,

reducing the discharge orifice and reducing the gallons flow while maintaining the
same nozzle pressure. The nozzle reaction will decrease. The nozzle will be easier to
handle. The stream will appear to be adequate. However since the gallons flow is
reduced, the cooling power of the stream will be reduced and the stream will probably
not be an acceptable fire-fighting stream.
33
FDNY
Chapter Eleven

When using, the initial stream pattern selected should be the straight stream position
(all the to the right) and then altered to optimum fog pattern as conditions dictate.
To verify that the FT-1 tip is in the straight stream position, place the index
finger into the bore. If the finger can be inserted one-half () the length of the
first joint, the tip is in the straight stream position.
To verify that the FT-2 tip is in the straight stream position, place the index
finger into the bore. If the finger can be inserted to the first joint, the tip is in
the straight stream position.
2.
In order to prevent an accumulation of foreign matter at the orifice, the FT-1or FT-2
tip should be removed and thoroughly cleaned and flushed after each use. This will
remove any sand, grit, pebbles etc. that have entered the nozzle from the hydrant. If
any foreign matter cannot be removed, the tip shall be sent to Repairs and
Transportation Unit to have such matter removed.
An important characteristic of the FT-1 and FT-2 is that a partial loss of water in the
line does not result in the stream falling short of the target since within either
operating range the nozzle will adjust to maintain the tip pressure.
Neither the FT-1 nor FT-2 is equipped with an integral shut-off mechanism. Both
must be attached to a shut-off.
If at any time the reaction at the tip is too great to control, the shut-off may be
partially closed down. While this will reduce the water flow, it will also reduce the
reaction to a manageable level.
NOZZLE MAINTENANCE
2.1
All hose fittings equipment should be regularly examined and cleaned to insure
that they are always in good condition and ready for immediate operational use.
2.2
When cleaning nozzles, particular attention should be given to insuring that all
moving parts operate freely; that any rough edges or projections which might
damage the hose are smoothed or removed, and that residue from paint or polish
is removed from places where it may tend to block holes, threads or passages, and
thus reduce operating efficiency.
2.3
Nozzles should be washed out and thoroughly checked for any defects before
being placed back in service following use. Nozzles should be washed in solution
of soap and hot water. Submerge the nozzle and work the mechanism until free
movement is obtained, then rinse in water. Nozzles should be examined after use
and any obstructions removed.
34
FDNY
Chapter Eleven
A.

Special care must be taken to insure that there is no obstruction in the
orifice between the baffle and the rim of fog tips, otherwise poor streams
of fog will result.
Also, combination SS/Fog devices shall be placed in straight stream
position (turned to the right) at all times when stored on apparatus or in
hose bed. This will avoid possible damage to the baffle.
Tips depend for their efficiency upon the true circular opening of the
outlet orifice and upon an undamaged lip, and care should be taken when
cleaning them.
2.4
Nozzle/Tip couplings which, due to damage, cannot be connected without

difficulty should be taken out of service until such time as they can be repaired or
replaced. A faulty coupling left in service may well be the cause of delay in
getting a vitally important line of hose to work on a fire.
2.5
Excessive force should not be used to tighten nozzle components or couplings as

this may damage the washer and cause leakage.
2.6
A light coating of oil should be put on all couplings and moving parts after
cleaning.
2.7
Identifying letters and numbers placed on nozzles and components shall be

stamped on the coupling along the hub, adjacent to the coupling lug.
2.8
Nozzles shall be carried in an accessible position on the apparatus, protected from

damage. Neither the control handles of SOs and FNs, nor the shut-off valve itself
shall be used for the purposes of holding or clamping nozzles to holders.
2.9
When using a nozzle, care should be taken not to twist or bend control handles.
Either of these conditions may prevent the control valve from opening fully or
may permit the valve to go past the full opening. In both cases the bore would not
be fully opened and the result would be a broken stream and/or reduced flow to
the fire.
2.10
Nozzle mechanisms should work freely. If for any reason a control sticks, the
nozzle should immediately be taken out of service and sent for repairs. It should
never be necessary to hammer a control handle or apply excessive torque, by hand
or mechanically, to a rotating type control to make it operate.
35
FDNY
Chapter Eleven

3. MULTIVERSAL NOZZLE
Figure 6
To Fire
3.1.
NOMENCLATURE AND IDENTIFICATION

Above is a diagram of the Akron New Yorker Multiversal Nozzle with it's parts
labeled.
A.
Portable Ground Base - The base must be used if the Multiversal Nozzle is
operated in the portable position.
B.
Safety Chain - May be used in addition to a utility rope to secure the

Multiversal Nozzle when used in the portable ground base.
C.
Elevation Control Hand Wheel - Used to raise or lower the elevation of

the Multiversal Nozzle. The range of elevation is from 90 degrees above
the horizontal to 15 degrees below the horizontal.
D.
Safety Stoplock and Release Pin - Prevents lowering the elevation below
35 degrees above the horizontal unless the release pin is pulled. The
release pin should be pulled before reaching 35 degrees.
Note:
The New Yorker Multiversal is designed with a safety stop at 35 degrees
above horizontal to maintain stability. Do not release the elevation stop
and operate below that point unless the unit is secured in the truck mount
fixture, or is securely restrained by ropes. No operation below the
horizontal shall be attempted unless the unit is secured in the truck mount.
36
FDNY
Chapter Eleven
3.2

E.
Horizontal Friction Lock - When tightened, holds the Multiversal Nozzle

in a stationary position; if released, permits 180 degrees to be traversed
horizontally.
F.
Locking Plunger - Moves into a recess in the portable ground base or the
apparatus truck mount and secures the Multiversal Nozzle to the base or
the mount. To remove the multiversal Nozzle from the truck or ground
base, the locking plunger is pulled.
G.
Locking Plunger Retaining Latch Assembly (bright orange in color) Prevents the locking plunger from disengaging and so guards against
accidental release of the locking plunger while the appliance is being
supplied with water.
H.
Carry Handle - Used to transport the Multiversal Nozzle to the point of

portable operation.
I.
Stacked Tips 1 1/4" - 1 1/2" - 2".
J.
Siamese - Used to supply the Multiversal Nozzle through two three inch
(3") clapper type swivels with F.D.N.Y. threads.
K.
Stream Shaper - Straightens the stream and increases reach.
PORTABLE OPERATION
3.2.1
3.2.2
Removal from Apparatus.

A.
Two members shall be used to remove the Multiversal Nozzle

from the apparatus and lower it to the ground.
B.
Transportation to Point of Operation:

1.
Since the nozzle has a carry handle and is not heavy, only
one member is required to carry it to the point of operation.
2.
A second member should transport the portable ground

base and a utility rope to the point of operation.
Procedure at Point of Operation.

A.
The portable ground base should be placed at the point of

operation with the front leg (leg with the safety chain attached)
pointing toward the fire or desired point of operation. (Figure 6)
B.
The Multiversal Nozzle shall be held with the 2 inlets of the

siamese facing directly to the rear and in line with the front leg of
the portable ground base and with the locking plunger directly in
line with the front leg. (Figure 6).
37
FDNY
Chapter Eleven

C.
After lifting the locking plunger retaining latch, as shown in Figure

7A, place the Multiversal Nozzle into its portable ground base,
pushing down forcefully. As you do this, the lower end of the
locking plunger automatically fits into a recess at the top of the
ground base. Now drop the retaining latch over the head of the
locking plunger, to its proper position. (Figure 7B) The retaining
latch prevents the plunger from disengaging and so keeps the
nozzle from separating from the ground base .
Figure 7A
Figure 7B
D. After seating the Multiversal nozzle into its portable ground base,
locate the notched stud protruding from the tapered post which is
visible below the underside of the mount. (Figure 8C) Firmly seat the
slide lock (Figure8A) on the stud. Make sure the "T" handle is up.
(Figure 8D)
38
FDNY
Chapter Eleven

Figure 8B
Figure 8A
Portable Ground Base
T Handle
Figure 8C
Figure 8D
E.
To make certain that the nozzle is secure in the ground base, hold
the base down with both your feet, putting them on two of its legs
(one on each side of the base), and then try to lift the nozzle from
the base (without pulling the plunger). Also check that the
retaining latch is in position, with its locking swivel placed
securely under the head of the locking plunger. (Figure 9A.) Check
by pushing up on the retaining latch, being careful not to swivel it
out of its proper position. (Figure 9B).
39
FDNY
Chapter Eleven

Figure 9A
F.
Figure 10A
Figure 9B
To prevent backward movement of the Multiversal Nozzle, it must

be secured in position by means of a utility rope, in the following
manner:
1.
Place the middle of the rope on top of the siamese, over the
identification plate. (Figure 10A)
2.
Bring the two sides of the rope under the siamese and up
between the two inlets. (Figure 10B).
3.
Bring the two sides of the rope up over the siamese (Figure
10C) and bring each side forward to the large leg of the
ground base on each side of the front leg. Make a half hitch
on each of these two legs. Note that the hitch must be made
as shown in Fig, 11A
Figure 10B
40
Figure 10C
FDNY
Chapter Eleven

Figure 11A
Figure 11B
Substantial
Object
4.
Bring the rest of each end of the rope forward, and secure
each end to a substantial object which is forward and at an
angle to the nozzle, using a clove hitch and binder on the
taut part of the rope. The ropes must be taut and all slack
removed in order to secure the appliance in a fixed
position. (Figure 11B).
5.
Remove all slack in the safety chain and secure it to a

substantial object, if one is close enough. The safety chain
alone should never be relied on to secure this appliance. A
rope is needed.
Note: Do not connect the hose lines to the siamese before tying the
required knots, as this would greatly increase the time required to tie the
knots.
41
FDNY
Chapter Eleven
3.2.3

Supplying the Multiversal Nozzle.
A.
The supply inlets of the siamese are provided with two three inch
(3") female swivels.
B.
The use of two hose lines to supply the Multiversal Nozzle is

recommended. When two hoses are used, bring them straight back
a distance of 15 feet from the siamese, parallel to each other,
before making any sharp bends or turns in the hose lines.
C.
If only one hose line is used, bring it straight back for 15 feet
before making any sharp bends or turns.
D.
When the Multiversal Nozzle is being operated in the portable

position, do not move the ground base or the 15 feet of supply hose
that is closest to the unit, unless the water supply is shut down.
E.
When used in the portable ground base, the unit should not be
operated at more than 800 gallons per minute with any type of
straight stream or Fog Tip. In order to avoid operating at more
than 800 gallons per minute with straight stream tips, the following
pressures shall not be exceeded:
1" tip - not more than 100 psi
Note: In regulating pressure, the gauge provided on the Multiversal Nozzle may
be used as a guide.
F.
When the supply lines feeding the Multiversal Nozzle are long, so
that communication with the engine company chauffeur may be
difficult, insert single gate one length from the nozzle. A member
can be stationed at these gates to assure that proper pressures are
maintained.
G.
Taking Up: After each use, the spikes in the portable ground base
shall be inspected. If the flats on the end of the spikes exceed 1/16"
in diameter, the spikes must be sharpened or replaced in
accordance with the instructions contained in the Manufacturer's
Manual, which has been issued to units.
42
FDNY
Chapter Eleven
3.3

PRECAUTIONS
3.3.1
The Akron New Yorker Multiversal Nozzle shall never be operated in the
portable position unless it is secured in the portable ground base and
secured by using the prescribed knots.
3.3.2
Always be sure that the locking plunger, which secures the nozzle to its
base, is fully seated. Test it by (1) trying to lift the nozzle from its base
and (2) by trying to raise the retaining latch that holds the locking plunger
in position, being careful not to swivel it out of it's proper position. If the
nozzle can be lifted out of its base or if the retaining latch is not in the
proper position, the nozzle is not properly secured in the base.
3.3.3
If for any reason units are unable to secure the Multiversal Nozzle in the
portable ground base, the Multiversal shall be taken out of service and the
Repairs and Transportation Unit shall be notified.
3.3.4
After supplying water to the Multiversal Nozzle units shall always make
sure that the entire appliance is fully drained. This is especially important
after operating in below freezing temperature because extensive damage
can occur if water freezes in the unit.
To drain the appliance, it is necessary to turn it upside down.
3.3.5
The maximum pressure to which any part of this appliance should be

subjected is 200 psi.
43
FDNY
Chapter Eleven

4. HIGH RISE NOZZLE

4.1 DESCRIPTION
FDNY Designation
High Rise Nozzle
Material
1 Diameter Aluminum Pipe
Weight
Approx 10 lbs
Misc.
Standard 2 1/2 shut-off with 1 1/8 MST

T-handle allows members control of the nozzle.
4.2 INTRODUCTION
4.2.1 Experience has shown that members have become caught in wind-driven fires
often with minimal or no warning. Members must remain alert and
knowledgeable of the conditions which may cause a wind-driven fire, some
examples include: a wind condition blowing toward a fire apartment window, an
open window, an open fire apartment door with a high heat and smoke condition
on the fire floor. If the equipment and resources are available and wind
conditions exist, the high rise nozzle should be placed in position as a precaution
even if the need is not immediately evident. Depending upon the fire conditions
encountered, if the decision is made to place the high rise nozzle in position,
additional resources must be called to the incident. Incident Commanders will
have to continually size-up present and expected conditions in making this
decision.
4.2.2 The following companies have been issued and trained in the use of the High Rise
Nozzle. The nozzle is carried on their apparatus at all times.
Engine Companies: 1, 4, 7, 8, 14, 15, 16, 22, 23, 35, 40, 45, 47, 50, 52, 55, 60,
64, 66, 68, 80, 81, 90, 91, 93, 156, 160, 168, 202, 210, 216, 217, 222, 231, 234,
237, 239, 243, 247, 248, 254, 257, 258, 262, 266, 268, 273, 290, 292, 304, 305,
308, 315, 317, 318, 328
Note: Hi-Rise Unit 1 and E-3 (nozzle is carried on Hi-Rise Unit 1)
Hi-Rise Unit 2 and E-39 (nozzle is carried on Hi-Rise Unit 2)
4.2.3 Every Battalion has at least one engine company assigned a hi-rise nozzle and all
FDNY members have been trained in placing the hi-rise nozzle into operation.
Dispatch policy dictates that every 10-77 will have at least one hi-rise nozzle
equipped engine company assigned. It is the responsibility of the 4th due engine
to bring the HRN to the Command Post. If this 4th engine is not equipped with a
HRN, the officer shall contact the dispatcher for the identity of the engine
company equipped with a HRN assigned on the box. Upon arrival the officer will
have the unit bring the HRN, one length of 2 1/2 hose per firefighter and the
standpipe kit with controlling nozzle and report in to the IC at lobby command
post.
44
FDNY
Chapter Eleven

4.3 HIGH RISE NOZZLE USE

4.3.1 The high rise nozzle is designed to be used when standard interior handline attack
methods are not possible, such as conditions caused by wind-driven fires.
4.3.2 The high rise nozzle may be used as an alternate attack strategy at high rise
multiple dwelling fires in the following situations:
IC has determined that a direct interior attack is not possible.
The fire apartment is inaccessible to outside streams including tower

ladders, ladder pipes, apparatus mounted multiversal, or a handline from a
window or exterior position that provides access to the fire area.
Any situation where the IC determines the high rise nozzle will be
beneficial.
4.4 DESCRIPTION
4.4.1 The high rise nozzle is an eight-foot long aluminum pipe with a 68 degree twofoot bend to provide the proper angle for the water stream. The high rise nozzle is
attached to a standard 2 1/2 FDNY shut-off. The shut-off is permanently
attached to the nozzle. There is a T shaped handle that allows members operating
the nozzle to control the direction of the stream and maintain control of the
nozzle. (Photo 1)
Photo 1
4.4.2 A 1 1/8 MST is attached to the outlet of the high rise nozzle. The tip is
removable and should be checked weekly during MUD and before use. (Photo 2)
Photo 2
45
FDNY
Chapter Eleven

4.4.3 Supplied by a 2 1/2 hoseline, the high rise nozzle will produce flows of 200-225
gpm at 50 psi nozzle pressure with water flowing. Units must use the standpipe
pressure gauge and consider the number of lengths in the supply line. As a
general rule when supplying the high rise nozzle with 3 lengths of 2 1/2 hose, the
pressure at the outlet gauge should be 70 psi with water flowing and 80 psi when
using 4 lengths.
4.4.4 Properly positioned high rise nozzle in operation. (Photo 3)
Photo 3
4.5 PROCEDURE
4.5.1 The high rise nozzle will only be placed into operation at the direction of the IC.
4.5.2 The IC must consider the following when placing the high rise nozzle into
operation:
Life hazard.
Is the fire inaccessible to outside streams?
Intensity and stage of the fire: Wind driven fire creating supercharged fire
conditions in the fire apartment and/or the public hallway.
Potential for fire spread via auto exposure.
Availability of a Wind Control Device.
Sufficient units on scene to deploy the high rise nozzle.
4.5.3 IC shall announce over operating radio frequencies that the high rise nozzle will
be placed into operation.
4.5.4 Ensure all members are alert to the reactions of introducing an exterior stream
into the fire area.
46
FDNY
Chapter Eleven

4.5.5 A spotter should be in place to observe the operation from the exterior. This
member must take a position to clearly observe and monitor the conditions in the
fire apartment before, during and after high rise nozzle deployment. Equipped
with a handi-talkie on the appropriate frequency and a pair of binoculars, this
spotter will provide direction and progress reports to the IC and members
operating. The spotter will be in the best position to monitor the effects of the
high rise nozzle.
4.5.6 Putting the nozzle into operation will require the services of two engine
companies equipped with roll-ups, standpipe kits, forcible entry tools including a
rabbit tool and the high rise nozzle.
4.5.7 Depending on the situation, the 2 1/2 hoseline supplying the high rise nozzle
may have to be stretched from three floors below the fire. Company officers
assigned to place the high rise nozzle into operation must consider this to
coordinate and ensure a rapid and efficient deployment of this tool. The
appropriate number of rolled up lengths of 2 1/2 hose must be brought to the area
of deployment.
4.5.8 Companies will have to gain access to the apartment below the fire apartment and
determine which window the high rise nozzle will be operated from. Forcible
entry may be required and members must have appropriate tools.
4.5.9 Once the proper window is chosen and opened, impediments such as window bars,
child gates, will have to be removed. In most cases it is not necessary to remove
the window to operate the nozzle. Some thermal pane windows are easily removed
via clips on the top of the sash.
4.5.10 The supply line must be attached to the high rise nozzle before the nozzle is slid
out on the window sill for use. Firefighters operating the high rise nozzle will
use the T-handle to properly position the nozzle for optimum stream placement.
The T-handle will allow the firefighters to move the nozzle along the window
sill and maintain control.
4.5.11 The officer supervising high rise nozzle use will initiate and maintain hand-talkie
contact with the spotter to make sure the nozzle is being operated effectively and
the stream is knocking down the fire.
4.5.12 The key to the rapid extinguishment of a wind-driven fire is putting water directly
on the seat of the fire. If multiple rooms are involved, it will be necessary to
reposition the nozzle to ensure complete knockdown of the fire. If this is the
situation, start with the window that the wind is blowing into and extinguish the
fire in this room first. Then move to the other windows downwind of the original
fire room and complete knockdown of the fire.
47
FDNY
Chapter Eleven

4.5.13 If a wind-driven fire has control of several rooms, it will be necessary to move
the high rise nozzle from a window in one room to another window in a separate
room to achieve knock down of the fire. If this is the situation, company officers
must anticipate and make sure the next window(s) that will be used for operation
of the nozzle is cleared of window gates, bars etc., this will speed up the
repositioning.
4.5.14 A shut-off shall be placed in line one length back from the nozzle. When
repositioning of the High Rise Nozzle is required, the supply line should be shut
down at the shut-off located one length back and the nozzle opened to bleed the
line. This will make it easier to move the nozzle and supply line while
repositioning. Once in position, the officer supervising nozzle operations will
order water started. This officer will then notify the IC that the nozzle is in
position and ready to operate. The nozzle will not be operated until the IC has
given approval.
4.6 REPAIRS AND REPLACEMENT

4.6.1 If repairs to the High Rise nozzle are required, the company officer shall contact
Technical Services Division via phone and request a replacement. The out of
service HRN shall be tagged with an RT-2 documenting the nature of the defect.
BY ORDER OF THE FIRE COMMISSIONER AND CHIEF OF DEPARTMENT
48

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Probationary Firefighters Manual

ENGINE COMPANY TOOLS

To familiarize members with the uses of the tools and appliances

Hose- specifications, use, care, loading, and maintenance

FDNY Firefighting Procedures

FDNY Firefighting Procedures, Vol. 2, Book 1 Engine Co. Ops.

LIGHT WEIGHT HOSE2

HOSE IDENTIFICATION ...4

HOSE REMOVAL AND MAINTENANCE .. 9

ROLLED AND FOLDED HOSE 12

Probationary Firefighters Manual

The most common sizes of hose carried by engine companies are:

Pursuant to the requirements determined by the Bureau of Operations, each

Probationary Firefighters Manual

1.6 Lightweight Standpipe Hose

The hose is manufactured by Mercedes Textiles. It is comprised of a thermoplastic polyurethane liner

Hose Weight Comparisons per 50 length

Light Weight 2 1/2"

Light Weight 2" Hose

Image 1 - 2" Hose (Lead Length)

Image 2 - 2 1/2" Hose

Image 3 - 1" Tip

Probationary Firefighters Manual

When using the green 2 lead length:

80 psi at the outlet for a three-length stretch.

Probationary Firefighters Manual

Each length of hose is marked as follows:

The date of issuance is to be entered in the Office Record Journal as required by

The date of issuance is also the date to be referred to in Department

IDENTIFICATION OF HOSE AT FIRES:

Friction loss in the hose, fittings, and appliances.

Required nozzle pressure.

Head loss or gain.

In order to supply the correct pressure in a hoseline, the following information

Type of nozzle and/or size of nozzle tip.

Number of lengths of hose in the stretch and its size.

Probationary Firefighters Manual

Kinks should be removed manually. Attempting to straighten kinks hydraulically

HOSE USE AT FIRES

The fire's magnitude, location and potential for spread.

The occupancy of the structure and possible life hazard.

Probationary Firefighters Manual

The advantages to be gained by an increased speed in stretching and the

The line is expected to be used from a purely defensive position.

An advanced fire on arrival.

A large volume of water is required to cool a superheated fire area.

A large body of fire in a large uncompartmented area.

Supply standpipe and sprinkler systems.

Supply large caliber streams.

Relay water to other engine companies.

In-line supply for the first due engine company.

Probationary Firefighters Manual

Coupling hose with two firefighters

The first thread of both couplings is blunted with a Higbie cut.

Coupling hose with one firefighter - Method A

Coupling hose with one firefighter - Method B

Hold the male butt up between your two feet

The hose is uncoupled by reversing any of the foregoing procedures.

Couplings are made up hand tight. Use a spanner if couplings leak.

Direction of male threads: Normally point in the direction of water flow.

When the hose is stretched at large area brush or rubbish fires.

Probationary Firefighters Manual

If possible, the hose shall not be dragged through debris or water

During overhauling, when taking up from operations, and at drills, there is