POLYMER CLASSIFICATION

Material Polimer / 3 sks

Teknik Material dan Metallurgi
Fakultas Teknologi Industri
Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember

Amaliya Rasyida

http://ajigunturgeni.blogspot.com/2009/12/polymers-and-plastics-introduction.html

POLYMER CLASSIFICATION
Basis of source

Structure

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polymerization

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1. Natural Polymer
Alam, Tumbuhan, hewan

Polysaccharides
Protein
Nucleic acid
Natural rubber
etc

Polymer classification Basis of source

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BIOPOLYMER (polymers which are naturally found in

nature; produce by living organism; polymeric
biomolecule)
(i) polysaccharrides are made of sugars (Eg. Cellulose
found in plant)
(ii) proteins of amino acids (Eg. Myoglobin i.e muscle
tissue)
(iii)nucleic acids of nucleotides (Eg. DNA genetic
material of a given organism)
Polymer classification Basis of source

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A
P
P
L
I
C
A
T
I
O
N
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Scaffold made from

biodegradable polymer

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Polymer classification Basis of source

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2. Synthetic Polymer (man made polymer)

Eg. Polyethylene, PVC, Nylon, Teflon, synthetic rubber, etc

Polymer classification Basis of source

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Synthetic Rubber
- SBR Earliest synthetic rubber tire
application
- NBR excellent resistance to oil and are
extensively used for washing machine parts,
hoses and flexible couplings
- Neopreneheavy-duty applications and is
specifically useful at high temperatures.
- etc
Polymer classification Basis of source

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High Temperature Neoprene

hose

Polymer classification Basis of source

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Natural Vs Synthetic Rubber?

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Biopolymer vs Synthetic Polymer

Key word

Biopolymer

Synthetic

Structure

Complex molecular assemblies that

adopt precise and defined 3D structure

Simpler and more

random

Process

produced from renewable resources

such as plant and/or living organisms

derived from
petrochemicals or
chemical processes

Polymer classification Basis of source

POLYMER CLASSIFICATION
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1. Linear Polymer
Eg. HDPE, PVC, Nylons, polyesters etc.
- Single chain
- Their molecules are closely packed hence they high density,
tensile strength and melting point.

Randomly oriented
straight chains can
be pretty messy

Polymer classification Structure

Neatly packed
straight chains can
make crystals!

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2. Branched Polymer
Eg. LDPE
They have a straight long chain with different side chains.
Their molecules are irregularly packed hence they have low
density, tensile strength and melting point.

Polymer classification Structure

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The degree to which polymer chains pack together will

determine the rigidity of it.

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3. Network or Crosslinked Polymers

Eg. Bakelite, formaldehyde resins, vulcanised rubber etc.
Monomeric units are linked together to constitute a three
dimensional network.
Elastic
Low viscosity

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Elastomers are elastic polymers created by limited cross-linking.

As the number of cross-links increases, however, the polymer
becomes more rigid and cannot stretch as much; the polymer
will become less viscous and less elastic and might even become
brittle.

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How to distinguish easily between those categories?

Cross-linked polymers are usually insoluble (dont dissolve) in
solvents because the polymer chains are tied together by strong
covalent bonds. Other polymers are usually soluble (they
dissolve) in one or more solvents because it is possible to
separate the polymer chains which are not covalently linked

Polymer classification Structure

POLYMER CLASSIFICATION
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1. Rubber (Elastomer)
High molecular weight polymer
TS 300 3000 psi
Elongation 300-1000 %

Polymer classification - Applications

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2. Plastic
- Tough substance with high MW that can be
molded with/out the application of heat
- Usually stronger than rubber (TS 4000-15000
psi)
- Elongation 20 200%
Eg. PE, PP, PVC, PS, etc
Polymer classification - Applications

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3. Fiber
-

Long chain characterized by highly crystalline region

Much lower elasticity than plastics and elastomers
High TS 20000-150000 psi
Posses moisture absorption properties
Light weight

Polymer classification - Applications

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Scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of a DWNT-polymer fiber which

exhibits high strength and toughness. The inset shows a transmission electron
microscope (TEM) image of a well ordered bundle of DWNTs which are the
constituents that make up the macroscopic fibers (Image: Northwestern
University, 2010)

Polymer classification - Applications

POLYMER CLASSIFICATION
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THERMAL PROPERTIES

Respon suatu polimer terhadap gaya mekanik pada suatu

temperatur tertentu berhubungan dengan struktur molekulnya.
Klasifikasinya didasarkan pada perilakunya terhadap kenaikan
temperatur.

Polymer classification Properties

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THERMOPLASTIC

Common thermoplastic polymers include polyethylene,

poly(ethylene terephthalate), and poly(vinyl chloride)

Polymer classification Properties

polystyrene,

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THERMOSETTING

Sometimes used in semiconductors

and integrated circuits

vulcanized rubbers, epoxies, and phenolics and some polyester resins, are
thermosetting.

Polymer classification Properties

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Polymer classification Properties

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Roda Phenolic.
Suhu Maksimum : 260 C.
Aplikasi : Trolley untuk oven pemanggang
roti, dan aplikasi lain pada suhu panas.

Polymer classification Properties

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Some polymers (such as the polyesters) may be

either thermoplastic or thermosetting. WHY?

Polyester thermoplastic -PET

Unsaturated Polyester Resins (UPR) Orthophthalates, Isophthalates, Terephthalates

and Vinyl Esters

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Thermosetting polyesters will be cross-linked,

while thermoplastic ones will have linear
structures without any appreciable crosslinking.

Polymer classification Properties

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Polymer classification Properties

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POLYMER CLASSIFICATION
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Polymers may be synthesized by:

1. Chain polymerization: Free Radical Polymerization
i.e. Addition (three steps : initiation, propagation,
and termination)
2. Step polymerization: Condensation polymerization
3. Ring Opening Polymerization

Polymer classification Polymerization

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1. Addition polymer

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Polymer classification Polymerization

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Polymer classification Polymerization

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2. Condensation polymer
Two different monomer units, each containing two functional
groups, react by eliminating a small molecule like water

Polymer classification Polymerization

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Polymer classification Polymerization

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3. Ring opening

Polymer classification Polymerization

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1. Klasifikasikan jenis polimer berdasarkan basis

resourcenya, dan jelaskan perbedaan dari kedua jenis
tersebut
2. Jelaskan masing2 karakteristik dari klasifikasi polimer
berdasarkan strukturnya serta berikan contohnya
3. Sebutkan secara singkat perbedaan rubber, plastik,
dan fiber polimer
4. Sebutkan dan jelaskan perbedaan thermoplastik dan
thermosetting
5. Sebutkan macam cara mensintesis polimer dan
jelaskan secara singkat konsep dasarnya.

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