Istanbul Technical University

TEL510E - Telecommunication Network Planning and Management

Spring Semester 2013/2014
Detailed Design Document:
Study of routing protocols in mobile ad hoc networks regarding rescue scenarios
by Dara Khajavi, James Foot and Jean-Marie Mellet (group Yabancilar)

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Introduction
In this document we will be describing the design details, and how we are
planing to simulate the routing protocols for a MANET. The topic for our project is
related to rescue scenarios, so the way structure elements of the MANET and the
type of packages that go throw the MANET will be related to rescue scenarios. If
the communication infrastructure, for example base stations used by
telecommunication companies to provide internet and voice communication get
damaged by a disaster, using smartphone, laptops, tablets and other devices,
emergency responders can create a network that can give them the possibility to
communicate between them to provide a better response to the disaster. With
some research, we consider that the most important type of data going throw a
MANET set up for rescue, would be, most important, communication (VoIP), and
then messages or other types of data (TCP).

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What is MANET?

Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANET), are self configuring and temporary

networks . Their nodes can be the source, destination and bridge information.
They have finite resources (bandwidth, battery, processing) that should be well
used with the aim of improving the performance of the entire network. A scenario
is composed of a number of nodes, topography and the definition of mobility
algorithm, which includes: direction, speed and pauses of the nodes. In case of
emergency and rescue scenario, the topography is different in the amount of
obstacles that may arise due to the occurrence of an undesired event causing the
normal mobility pathways to alter. Therefore, the algorithm of motion is determined
according to the topography, and the corresponding nodes must be moved
depending on the obstacles. The number of nodes depends if the MANET network
is in an urban or in a rural area. When an unwanted event has occurred, it changes
the pathways of normal mobility. Therefore new routes for evacuation and or
rescue should be calculated. When MANET is used in emergency and rescue
scenarios, the choice of robust network protocol is essential, because it involves
indirect integrity of the person using the mobile device. If a device is not reachable
by the network, the events of personal search and rescue should be disconnected
from the device. The objective of the simulation is to determine which of these two
protocols; AODV (Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector) and OLSR (Optimized
Linked State Routing Protocol) is more reliable in emergency and rescue
scenarios. For this reason we will chose a rural area to simulate these protocols
supported by the OMNET++.

Due date: 8th of April 2014

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Istanbul Technical University

TEL510E - Telecommunication Network Planning and Management

Spring Semester 2013/2014
AODV Routing Protocol:
The Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) algorithm enables dynamic,
self-starting, multi hop routing between participating mobile nodes wishing to
establish and maintain an ad hoc network. AODV allows mobile nodes to obtain
routes quickly for new destinations and does not require nodes to maintain routes
to destinations that are not in active communication. AODV allows mobile nodes
to respond to link breakages and changes in network topology in a timely manner.
The operation of AODV is loop-free, and by avoiding the Bellman-Ford "counting
to infinity" problem offers quick convergence when the ad hoc network topology
changes (typically, when a node moves in the network). When links break, AODV
causes the affected set of nodes to be notified so that they are able to invalidate
the routes using the lost link.

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OLSR Routing Protocol:
The Optimised Link State Routing Protocol (OLSR) is developed for mobile ad
hoc networks. It operates as a table driven, proactive protocol, i.e., exchanges
topology information with other nodes of the network regularly. Each node selects
a set of its neighbour nodes as "multipoint relays" (MPR). In OLSR, only nodes,
selected as such MPRs, are responsible for forwarding control traffic, intended for
diffusion into the entire network. MPRs provide an efficient mechanism for flooding
control traffic by reducing the number of transmissions required. Nodes, selected
as MPRs, also have a special responsibility when declaring link state information in
the network. Indeed, the only requirement for OLSR to provide shortest path
routes to all destinations is that MPR nodes declare link-state information for their
MPR selectors. Additional available link-state information may be utilised, e.g., for
redundancy.

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2. Variables

The goal of these simulations is to understand and analyse the difference between the
two major ad-hoc protocol OLSR and AODV. We will perform simulations with the following
variables:
Node density: Our first variable will be the node density. We can either change
the number of nodes in a fixed area, or change the size of the area with a fixed
number of nodes. As the range of the 802.11b is around 300m (in theory), we
will calculate a middle density for filling the area with nodes at 300m from each
other.
Traffic: There are several ways to tune the traffic in the network. First, we will
define some node sources which will send packets to the other nodes. The
more sources we have, the more heavy the traffic will be. The other way to do
Due date: 8th of April 2014

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Istanbul Technical University

TEL510E - Telecommunication Network Planning and Management

Spring Semester 2013/2014
it, is the keep the same number of sources but increasing the packet sending
ratio.

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Traffic type: As our case study is emergency situation, some traffic type
wouldnt be used, or at least are not the priority. We can imagine that well
need VoIP and messaging protocols using TCP for instance. The simulation will
show us how the studied protocols behave in such situation with this type of
traffic. Especially how they react to a heavy real time traffic (VoIP)

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Mobility: Using the mass mobility model in OMNET++, we can change the parameters
of the mobility. For instance, the speed of the users, the angle of the new direction
from the previous one, and the time for a new decision to be taken can be tuned.
Variable name

Value

Rou.ng protocol

OSLR
AODV

Node density

Low (30 nodes/km)

Medium (60 nodes/
km)
High (120 nodes/km)

Total trac in the

network

Low (kbps)
Medium (Mbps)
High (Gbps)

Trac type

100% VoIP
75% VoIP - 25% TCP
50% VoIP - 50% TCP
25% VoIP - 75% TCP
100% SMTP

Mobility

Low
Medium
High

Table 1 - Parameters in simulation scenario.

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Due date: 8th of April 2014

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Istanbul Technical University

TEL510E - Telecommunication Network Planning and Management

Spring Semester 2013/2014

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Parameters

OMNET++ simulator is used to determine the different routing protocols behaviour
using following indicators for comparison:

Average Delay: This is very significant to measure for our purpose because
there is a need to send and receive network management information as fast
as possible. We will measure this parameter in different number of nodes in the
network and different number if connections in between due to an emergency
case network for different routing protocols.
Throughput: The ratio obtained by the number of packets sent to the number
of packets received.
Packet Delay Variation: Its delay between communications end-to-end selected
packets it serves to measure the network stability.
Packet Loss: This is the amount of packets dropped by intermediate nodes
due to effects produced by mobility of these nodes , timer expires, unreachable
or erased destination

These parameters are related to the mean fluctuation and help us to determine which
of the different protocols would be the most appropriate at the time to emergency and
rescue scenario.

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4.
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References

1. B. Brownlee, Y. Liang, Mobile Ad Hoc Networks An Evaluation of Smartphone Technologies, Royal Military
College of Canada, 2011.
2. I. Akyildiz, X. Wang, W. Wang, Wireless mesh networks: a survey, 2005.
3. M. Ikeda, E. Kulla, L. Barolli, M. Takizawa, R. Miho, Performance Evaluation of Wireless Mobile Ad-hoc
Network via NS-3 Simulator, 2011.
4. S. Baxla, Prof. R. Nema, Performance Analysis Of Aodv, Olsr, Dsr And Grp Routing Protocol Of Mobile Ad
Hoc Network A Review, 2013.
5. S. Ali, A. Ali, Performance Analysis of AODV, DSR and OLSR in MANET , 2009.

Due date: 8th of April 2014

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