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ATOMS
What is an atom?
Atoms are the basic units of matter and the defining structure of elements. An atom is a
fundamental piece of matter. (Matter is anything that can be touched physically.) Everything in the
universe (except energy) is made of matter, and, so, everything in the universe is made of atoms. An
atom itself is made up of three tiny kinds of particles called subatomic particles: protons, neutrons,
and electrons. The protons and the neutrons make up the center of the atom called the nucleus and
the electrons fly around above the nucleus in a small cloud. The electrons carry a negative charge
and the protons carry a positive charge. In a normal (neutral) atom the number of protons and the
number of electrons are equal. Often, but not always, the number of neutrons is the same, too.
Isotopes is the number of neutrons in a nucleus determines the isotope of that element. For
example, hydrogen has three known isotopes: protium, deuterium and tritium. Protium,
symbolized as 1H, is just ordinary hydrogen; it has one proton and one electron and no neutrons.
Deuterium (D or 2H) has one proton, one electron and one neutron. Tritium (T or 3H) has one
proton, one electron and two neutrons.
There is a core, or nucleus, and an electron cloud. The nucleus is made up of positively charged
protons and neutral neutrons. The nucleus is held closely together by electromagnetic force. Protons
and neutrons make up the nucleus of the atom. A cloud of electrons orbits the nucleus. The
negatively charged electrons are bound to the nucleus, and zap around it in a cloud. Electrons are
zipping around you, the nucleus. There are different ways atoms are classified. They can be
classified into elements, like oxygen, carbon, or hydrogen. All of the elements known to man so far
can be found on the periodic table. The number of protons an atom has decides the chemical
element. The number of electrons defines the atom's chemical properties, like its melting
temperature and boiling point. The study of atoms and tiny particles that are even smaller is called
quantum mechanics. Scientists still have much to learn about atoms. Maybe you will enter the study
of quantum mechanics and find a brand new element.
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Patriotic symbols:
1. Flag: The yellow color symbolizes the great natural wealth of Colombia, the blue symbolizes the
sky and seas, and red, the blood spilled by our heroes.
2. The coat of arms of the Republic of Colombia: it is divided into three horizontal bands: the upper
band , on blue field , has in the center a gold Granada red open grained , with stem and leaves of
gold. On each side of the Granada goes a cornucopia of gold inclined, pouring coins into the
center of the right side, and proper fruits of the torrid zone of the left side. The name denotes the
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Patriotic icons:
1. Orchid: is the national flower of Colombia, named as such in 1936 by the Colombian Academy of
History. Its structure and colors are extraordinarily beautiful.
2. The majestic Andean condor: symbolizes the sovereignty and freedom of Colombians. It has been
called "the eternal bird."
3. Wax palm: It is a palm of stunning beauty, extraordinary strength and legendary longevity. The
slenderness of the wax palm, is its height and its unique size.
4. Colombian emeralds: are the most beautiful and valued the world. The purity, brilliance and
transparency of these precious stones are the most important features for evaluation.
5. Coffee: is one of the most consumed beverages in the world and although Colombia is
considered one of the best producers. Colombian coffee is recognized as the best coffee in the
world and in several countries as a gastronomic excellence.
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Andean Region: The Andes mountains form the most populous region of Colombia and contain
the majority of the country's urban centers. They were also the location of the most significant preColumbian indigenous settlement.
Caribbean Region: Is traversed by a number of rivers heading from the Andean highlands to the
sea, including Colombia's principal river, the Magdalena, which disgorges at the main port of
Barranquilla.
Pacific Region: Is distinguished by its high humidity. Precipitation is among the highest in the
world, with an average of 4,000 mm per year, some areas that receive as much as 12,000 mm per
year.
Orinoquia Region: Is rich in oil and suitable for extensive ranching but sparsely populated.
Amazon Region: Is a region in southern Colombia over the Amazon Basin.
Insular Region: Is considered by some as a sixth region, comprising those areas outside continental
Colombia.
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Food
Colombian Cuisine is very diverse and varies depending on the different regions of Colombia. In
some areas you will find specialties like roasted ants or guinea pigs while in other areas Colombians
wouldn't even touch those dishes. Colombia is not a paradise for vegetarians as the Colombian diet
includes a lot of meat. In the coastal areas you will find a good variety of fish, lobster and seafood
often prepared with a sauce made out of coconut milk. The offer of fresh fruit is overwhelming and
many of the varieties you have probably never heard of before. In general breakfast is quite
important in Colombia and consists of fruit juice, coffee or hot chocolate, fruit, eggs and bread.
Lunch which is served between 12 and 14pm is the main meal of the day at least in the
countryside. A traditional main meal consists of a soup, a main dish, a drink and sometimes a
dessert which is generally very sweet. The dinner is more like a snack. In the big cities the main meal
often will be served around 7pm or 8pm.
Folklore
Colombian folklore seems to permeate culture here on a deep and perhaps, difficult level to grasp.
It's function is embedded in the search for meaning and significance in daily life that is often
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Touristic places
Tourism in Colombia is an important sector in the country's economy. Colombia has major
attractions as a tourist destination, such as Cartagena and its historic surroundings, which are on
the UNESCO World Heritage List; the insular department of San Andrs, Providencia y Santa
Catalina; and Santa Marta and the surrounding area. Fairly recently, Bogot, the nation's capital,
has become Colombia's major tourist destination because of its improved museums and
entertainment facilities and its major urban renovations, including the rehabilitation of public
areas, the development of parks, and the creation of an extensive network of cycling routes. With its
very rich and varied geography, which includes the Amazon and Andean regions, the llanos, the
Caribbean and Pacific coasts, and the deserts of La Guajira, and its unique biodiversity, Colombia
also has major potential for ecotourism.
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