B: Factors Affecting The Rate of Reaction

Why these two graph different?

a)
b)
c)
d)
e)

Total surface area of solid reactant

Concentration of reactant
Temperature of reactant
Use of catalyst
Pressure of gaseous reactant

1 Effect of surface area/size

SMALLER size solid reactant,

BIGGER size solid reactant,

Sketch graph volume of gas against time

V
Volume of gas / cm3 I

II

t1
I : Small marble
II : Large marble

Base from the graph, please explain?

Question: Why the total volume of gas is

same?
Answer: ?

t2

Time / m

Effect of Size
When the size of fixed mass of solid reactant (name the reactant, CaCO3) is
smaller,

The ?
exposed to collision with other reactant
(name the reactant) particles is ?.

Thus, the ?
among the reacting particles at the
surface of the solid reactants increases.
is
higher.

Thus, the number of collision achieved the activation energy to

become ?
is also ?

This lead to an increase in the ?.

Hence, a higher ?.

Effect of Concentration
When the concentration of the solution of a reactant increases;

The ?
of the solution of the reactant also increases.

?.

Effect of Temperature
When the temperature of a reactant increases;

The ?
of reacting particles will increase, so the particles ?
__________

Thus, the number of collision among the reacting particles

increases. Frequency of collission is higher.

Thus, the number of collision achieved the activation energy to

become effective collision is also increases.

This lead to an increase in the frequency of effective collision.

Hence, a higher rate of reaction.

Effect of Catalyst
Catalyst: ?
Properties of catalyst;

Energy

Reaction without catalyst

Ea

Ec
Reactant

Reaction with
catalyst
Ea : Activation energy
without catalyst
Ec : Activation Energy
with catalyst
Product

Reaction path
When the catalyst is presence;

The catalyst allows the reactian to ?

Thus, more collision among the reacting particles are able to achive
the ?

Thus, the number of collision achieved the activation energy to

become effective collision is also increases.
This lead to an increase in the frequency of effective collision.
Hence, a higher rate of reaction.
Effect of Pressure
When the pressure of the gas of a reactant increases;

Thus, the number of collision among the reacting particles

increases. The frequency of collision is increase.
Thus, the number of collision achieved the activation energy to
become effective collision is also increases.
This lead to an increase in the frequency of effective collision.
Hence, a higher rate of reaction.

Sketch graph:
(i) Concentration of solution against time

Concentration of sodium thiosulfate

(Na2S2O3) / mol dm-3

Time / s

(ii) Concentration of solution against 1/time

Concentration of sodium thiosulfate (Na2S2O3) / mol dm

____
1 /s-1
time
So, what can you conclude from the graph?
(iii) Temperature against time

Temperature / oC

time /s
(iv) Temperature against 1/time

Suhu / oC

_____
1
/s-1
time

So, what can you conclude from the graph?

Concentration is ?

Temperature is ?
How to analyse the graph?
First Situation:
All of these experiments are using the same size and mass of catalyst. The
temperature of the reactants remains the same.
Why are there differences in the rate of reaction shown?

Volume of gas / cm3

V
I
V/2

II
III
IV

t1

t2

Time / min

I and II
I and III I and IV [comparison]
Please remember that the total volume of the gas depends on the number of
moles of the reactant.
Number of moles = Molarity Volume
(solution)
1000
Can you analyse the graph based on the volume and the concentration of the
reactant?
Second Situation:
All of these experiments are using the same type of catalyst. The volume,
concentration and temperature of the reactants remains the same.
Why are there differences in the early rate of reaction shown?

V
Volume of the gas / cm3
I II

III

t1

t2 Time / m

The size of catalyst in exp I is smaller compare to exp II and III.

Or
The mass of catalyst in Exp I is more than exp II and III.
Or
The size of reactant in exp I is smaller than exp II and III
5.2
Exercise:
An experiment is carried out between 10 g
of magnesium with 20 cm3 hydrochloric acid 0.5 mol dm-3. The reaction is
completed in 8 minutes.
[Relatif atomic mass: H, 1; Cl, 35 ; Mg, 24;
Molar volume of gas is 24 dm3 at room condition]
a)
b)
c)

Write a balanced chemical equation for this reaction.

Calculate the maximum volume of the gas liberated at room
condition.
Calculate the average rate of reaction within 8 minutes.

d)
e)

Calculate the mass of the magnesium used in the reaction.

Sketch the graph of volume against time for these experiment