Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
Non-Linear Load
Balancing
2
1000#
5
2
1000#
MPC
MPC
3
Objectives:
9-1
9-2
WORKSHOP 9
Introduction
Many of the aerospace engineering challenges often involve
fabrication and assembly of the components on the ground in 1-g
environment and subsequently launching these components in space
in 0-g environment. Assembly and Launch process introduces residual
loads in the connecting components. The task at hand is made
inconvenient by the inherent nature of the process where loads,
boundary conditions and the structure itself are changing during each
step of the process. The finite element models associated with such
structure are often large which further complicates the analysis
process. Due to changing loads and boundary conditions, the
structural stiffness is changing between load cases. Moreover, the
strain energy stored in the structure in a load case is redistributed in
subsequent load case. MSC.Nastran nonlinear capability allows these
type of interaction between load cases where loads can be added and
constraints can be removed in a continuous manner allowing the
energy transfer to take place during process. This is done by
appropriately selecting load sets, single-point-constraint set and multipoint constraint set for each load case. It is important to note that in
deformed grid cannot be constrained in the deformed position in the
subsequent subcase. Constraining the deformed grid in later subcase
will force the deformation of the grid to zero. Multi-point-constraints
are linear equations connecting one degree of freedom displacement
to one or more degree of freedom displacements.
Solution Method:
MSC.Nastran nonlinear static solution sequence (SOL 106) will be
used for the problem. It continuously, accounts for modification of
loads, boundary condition and multi-point constraint equations
between subcases. (i.e. converged solution at the end of a subcase
forms an initial condition for the next subcase). Multiple subcases
provide tool for applying distinct loads and boundary conditions,
which are part of a load history for the analysis under consideration.
Within a subcase loading and boundary conditions can be subdivided
into number of increments to assist the convergence process. The
number of load increments and iteration methods are specified on the
NLPARM bulkdata entry, which is selected within each subcase.
Thus, subcases in nonlinear analysis provide partitioning of a load
history where each step of the loading history can be controlled
independently. For the present problem, response of the structure is
linear for the given loading and incremental load steps are not
required.
9-3
Demonstration of concept:
It is invaluable to illustrate and validate the analysis under
consideration prior to attempting it on an actual problem. This is done
here using simple three-spring model, which is conceptually similar to
problem under investigation that has a close form solution. In this
sample problem three co-linear springs are considered. Objective of
the analysis is to fit the middle spring between the two outer springs
and calculate the loads in the assembled structure. Two outer springs
are constrained at the opposite ends and compressed to fit the middle
spring. Subsequently, compression caused by the external forces from
the two outer springs are released and load in the middle spring is
observed. The MSC.Nastran nonlinear solution result for the problem
described in figure 1 is compared to closed form solution obtained via
principle of minimum potential energy in the following table 1.
Theoretical formulation is shown on next page and MSC.Nastran
input file is shown in appendix A.
9-4
WORKSHOP 9
Figure 1
Subcase 1:
2
1000#
5
2
1000#
MPC
MPC
3
SPC = 1
LOAD = 10
$ Note MPCs are defined but not referenced.
Spring 1 Constant: 1000. Applied Force=-1000,0
Spring 2 Constant: 1000. Applied Force=1000.0
Subcase 2:
SPC = 2 $ Spcs at 3 and 4 removed.
MPC = 1 $ MPCs are active in this subcase.
$ Load removed
End of Subcase 1
End of Subcase 2
Nastran
Theory
Nastran
Theory
-1.0
-1.0
-0.8
-0.8
1.0
1.0
0.8
0.8
1000
1000
800
800
0.0
0.0
800
800
1000
1000
800
800
Displacement A
B
Element forces 1
9-5
Theoretical Formulation:
The potential energy of the system can be written as
2 1
2 1
2
1
U = --- k 1 x 1 + --- k 2 x 2 + --- k 3 [ ( x 1 x 1) + ( x 2 x 2' ) ]
2
2
2
Where,
x1, x2 = deformation of the outer spring prior to load release.
x1, x2 = deformation at equilibrium
k1, k2, k3 = spring stiffness of springs 1, 2, and 3.
k3 k3
----------------- [ x + x 2 x 2' ]
k 2 x 2' = k 3 [ x 1 + x 2 ] k 3 x 2'
k1 + k3 1
k3 k3
k3k3
-----------------x '
k 2 x 2 = k 3 ------------------ [ x 1 + x 2 ] k 3 x 2' +
k1 + k3 2
k1 + k3
9-6
WORKSHOP 9
k3
k3
- x 2' = k 3 ----------------- [ x 1 + x2 ]
k 2 + k ----------------3 k +k
k
+
k
1
3
1
3
k1 k3
k1 k3
- x 2' = ------------------ [ x 1 + x 2 ]
k 2 + ----------------k1 + k3
k1 + k3
k1 k3
x 2' = ------------------------------------------------ [ x 1 + x 2 ]
k1 k2 + k2 k3 + k1 k3
Results
Subcase 1: Max = 1
On Subcase 2: Max = 0.8
Verification
k1 k3
x 2 = ------------------------------------------------ [ x 1 + x 2 ]
k1 k2 + k2 k3 + k1 k3
k 1 = k 2 = 1000
k 3 = 2000
2(1 + 1) = 4
= ----------------------- = 0.8
1+2+2
5
9-7
SOL 106
CEND
OLOAD = ALL
DISP = ALL
SPCFORCE = ALL
MPCFORCE = ALL
ESE = ALL
$
SUBCASE 1
NLPARM = 1
LOAD
= 1
SPC
= 1
$
SUBCASE 2
$
$ - UNLOAD
$ - CHANGE SPC TO INCLUDE THE MIDDLE SPRING
$ - CONNECT OUTER SPRINGS TO THE MIDDLE SPRING
$
NLPARM = 2
SPC = 2
MPC = 1
BEGIN BULK
$
NLPARM,1,1
NLPARM,2,1
$
GRID,1,,0.
GRID,2,,10.
GRID,3,,10.
GRID,4,,14.
GRID,5,,14.
GRID,6,,24.
$
CELAS1,1,1,1,1,2,1
CELAS1,2,2,3,1,4,1
CELAS1,3,1,5,1,6,1
$
PELAS,1,1000.
PELAS,2,2000.
$
FORCE,1,2,,1000.,-1.
FORCE,1,5,,1000.,1.
$
$ SUBCASE1
$ FIXED BOTH ENDS
$ GRID 2 & 6 ARE FREE IN x
$
SPC1,1,1,1,6
SPC1,1,23456,1,2,5,6
$
SPC1,1,123456,3,4 $ - REMOVE FROM SOLUTION (NOT CONNECTED)
$
$ SUBCASE 2
$ FIXED BOTH ENDS
$ ALL OTHER GRIDS ARE FREE IN x
$
SPC1,2,1,1,6
SPC1,2,23456,1,2,3,4,5,6
$
MPC,1,4,1,1.,5,1,-1.
MPC,1,3,1,1.,2,1,-1.
ENDDATA
9-8
WORKSHOP 9
Exercise Procedure:
1.
File/New...
New Database Name
load_balance
OK
Click on the Node Size icon.
Node Size
2.
Finite Elements
Action:
Create
Object:
Node
Method:
Edit
[0 0 0]
Apply
Node ID List:
[10 0 0]
Apply
Node ID List:
[10 0 0]
Apply
Node ID List:
[14 0 0]
Apply
Node ID List:
5
MSC.Nastran 105 Exercise Workbook
9-9
[14 0 0]
Apply
Node ID List:
[24 0 0]
Apply
Action:
Create
Object:
Element
Method:
Edit
Shape:
Bar
Auto Execute
Element ID List:
Node 1 =
node 1
Node 2 =
node 2
Apply
Element ID List:
Node 1 =
node 3
Node 2 =
node 4
Apply
Element ID List:
Node 1 =
node 5
Node 2 =
node 6
Apply
Create the Properties.
Properties
9-10
Action:
Create
Object:
1D
Method:
Spring
spring_1
WORKSHOP 9
Input Properties
Spring Constant:
1000
DOF at Node 1:
UX
DOF at Node 2:
UX
OK
Select Members
Click on the Beam Element icon.
Beam Element
spring_2
Input Properties
Spring Constant:
2000
DOF at Node 1:
UX
DOF at Node 2:
UX
OK
Select Members
Select Element 2.
Add
Apply
Create loads and boundary conditions.
Loads/BC
Action:
Create
MSC.Nastran 105 Exercise Workbook
9-11
Object:
Force
Type:
nodal
force_1
Input Data
Force <F1 F2 F3>:
<-1000 0 0>
OK
Select Application Region
Geometry Filter:
Select Nodes:
FEM
node 2
Add
OK
Apply
New Set Name:
force_2
Input Data
Force <F1 F2 F3>:
<1000 0 0>
OK
Select Application Region
Geometry Filter:
Select Nodes:
FEM
node 5
Add
OK
Apply
Action:
Create
Object:
Displacement
Type:
nodal
outside
Input Data
9-12
<0 0 0>
<0 0 0>
WORKSHOP 9
OK
Select Application Region
Geometry Filter:
Select Nodes:
FEM
node 1 6
Add
OK
Apply
New Set Name:
inside
Input Data
Translations <T1 T2 T3>:
<0 0 0>
<0 0 0>
OK
Select Application Region
Geometry Filter:
Select Nodes:
FEM
node 3 4
Add
OK
Apply
Finite Elements
Action:
Create
Object:
MPC
Type:
Explicit
MPC ID:
Define Terms
Auto Execute
Create Dependent
MSC.Nastran 105 Exercise Workbook
9-13
Node List:
DOFs:
node 3
UX
Apply
Create Independent
Coefficient
1.0
Node List:
node 2
DOFs:
UX
Apply
Apply
MPC ID:
Create Dependent
Node List:
DOFs:
node 4
UX
Apply
Create Independent
Coefficient
1.0
Node List:
node 5
DOFs:
UX
Apply
Apply
Create Load Cases.
Load Cases
Action:
Create
case_1
Assign/Prioritize Loads/BCs
Select from menu.
Select Individual Loads/BCs:
Displ_inside
Displ_outside
9-14
WORKSHOP 9
OK
Apply
Load Case Name:
case_2
Assign/Prioritize Loads/BCs
Select from menu.
Select Individual Loads/BCs:
Displ_outside
OK
Apply
Do the Analysis.
Analysis
Action:
Analyze
Object:
Entire Model
Method:
Analysis Deck
Solution Type
Nonlinear Static
OK
Subcase Select
Under Subcases For Solution Sequence, click on case 1 and case 2
and they should come up under Subcases Selected. Then deselect
Default under Subcases Selected by clicking on it.
OK
Apply
9-15
9-16
LOAD STEP =
POINT ID.
1
2
3
4
5
6
LOAD STEP =
POINT ID.
1
2
3
4
5
6
T1
0.0
-1.000000E+00
0.0
0.0
1.000000E+00
0.0
T1
0.0
-8.000000E-01
2.000000E-01
-2.000000E-01
8.000000E-01
0.0
1.00000E+00
TYPE
G
G
G
G
G
G
2.00000E+00
TYPE
G
G
G
G
G
G
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
T3
T2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
T3
D I S P L A C E M E N T
T2
D I S P L A C E M E N T
R1
JUNE
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
R1
JUNE
V E C T O R
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
V E C T O R
SUBCASE 1
R2
R3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
9, 1999 MSC/NASTRAN 6/25/98
SUBCASE 2
R2
R3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
9, 1999 MSC/NASTRAN 6/25/98
PAGE
PAGE
13
12
WORKSHOP 9
9-17
9-18