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ANALYSIS?
Topic
p 1
Erna Andriyanti
English
g
Language
g g and Literature Study
y Program
g
Yogyakarta State University
Discourse vs Text
The terms discourse and text are often interchangeable (see
Nunan, 1993; Stubbs, 1989). However, some linguists emphasize
language in context to refer to discourse.
z
Discourse:
Text:
-
Context
z
a.
b
b.
-
communicative
i ti event.
t
Grammar: Written
G
W itt language
l
has
h certain
t i ffeatures
t
that are generally not shared by the spoken
language Linguistically
language.
Linguistically, written language tends to
consist of clauses that are internally complex,
whereas with spoken
p
language
g g the complexity
p
y
exists in the ways in which clauses are joined
together. Spoken language is unedited.
Example 1
Annie,
Gone to the deli for milk. Back in a tick.
Go in and make yourself at home
- Theo
(Nunan, p.9)
Example 2
At times ones preoccupation with
g can cause one to lose sight
g of
averages
the fact that many of the most important
workaday decisions are based on
considerations of the extremes rather than
on the
th middle
iddl off a di
distribution.
t ib ti
(Nunan, p.10)
Types of Discourse
a. Transactional language: occurs when
the participants are concerned with the
exchange of goods and services.
p
language:
g g occurs when
b. Interpersonal
the speakers are less concerned with the
exchange of goods and services, than
with socializing.
Discourse Analysis
z
a.
b.
c.
z
z
TASK
Record
R
d and
d transcribe
ib a 5-10
10 minute
i
conversation between two or three people.
What can you say about the following
characteristics?
- Topic
- Purpose or function
- Setting
- Partcipants
P t i
t and
d their
th i relationship
l ti
hi
- Message form and content