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COURSE
COURSE CODE
ECM241
EXAMINATION
MARCH 2012
TIME
3 HOURS
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
1.
2.
Answer ALL questions in the Answer Booklet. Start each answer on a new page.
3.
Do not bring any material into the examination room unless permission is given by the invigilator.
4.
Please check to make sure that this examination pack consists of:
i)
ii)
iii)
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EE/MAR2012/ECM241
QUESTION 1
a)
List the basic elements of an electronic communication system and State the functions
of each component.
(5 marks)
b)
Limiters and repeaters are used in Frequency Modulation (FM) system and Pulse Code
Modulation (PCM) system respectively. Explain how these devices are able to allow
efficient transmission. Hence, discuss the Statement "Modulation is important to allow
efficient transmission".
(4 marks)
c)
Define the following transmission modes which are commonly applied in communication
system.
i) Simplex,
ii) Half-duplex.
iii) Full-duplex.
(3 marks)
d)
State the Shannon-Hartley theorem in relation to the information capacity and write its
mathematical equation.
If the signal to noise ratio (SNR) for a communication Channel required is 25 dB,
determine the information capacity of the system for the following bandwidth:
i) 8 kHz
ii) 30 kHz
Comment on the effect of bandwidth to the information capacity of the system in relation
to the theorem.
(8 marks)
QUESTION 2
a)
b)
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c)
EE/MAR2012/ECM241
Explain the function of a diode detector circuit as shown in Figure Q2d. Sketch the
Output signal that is produced at point A and B according to the following conditions:
i) Point A, when the capacitor C3 is not connected,
ii) Point B, when C3 is connected.
A
AM Signal
Output
Signal
R1
C3
Figure Q2d
(5 marks)
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EE/MAR2012/ECM241
QUESTION 3
a)
State two (2) advantages and two (2) disadvantages of an FM technique as compared
toAM.
(4 marks)
b)
Amplitude (V)
i
2.0
10
2.0
3 .0
40
5.0
6 .0
7.0
8.0
9.0
10.0
Figure Q3b
(4 marks)
c)
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EE/MAR2012/ECM241
QUESTION 4
a)
Describe the Steps to produce digital signal from sinusoidal analog Signal in a Pulse
Code Modulation (PCM) technique.
(6 marks)
b)
The mathematical equation for Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK) is given as:
A
From the mathematical equation above, show that the carrier is either 'on' or 'off'
according to the modulating binary Information.
If 111001 input is applied into ASK modulator, sketch and label the following signal:
i) Modulating signal
ii) Expected Output.
(4 marks)
c)
Four (4) Signals of the same equation as above are multiplexed using PCM-TDM.
Determine the new bit rate if a new sampling frequency used is 15% higher than the
minimum sampling Nyquist frequency.
(10 marks)
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EE/MAR2012/ECM241
QUESTION 5
a)
Name two (2) types of light source and State the function of this light source in a typical
optical fiber communication system.
(3 marks)
b)
State three (3) possible causes of Signal loss in a typical optical fiber communication
link.
(3 marks)
c)
With the aid of appropriate sketch, explain the concept of 'cell', 'dster', 'Channel' and
frequency-reuse in a mobile communication System.
There are 735 Channels in a Service area. If the Service area consists of 7 Clusters with
7 cells/cluster, determine the number of Channel per cell.
(8 marks)
d)
Identify the types of orbit from the given explanation. Hence sketch the orbits on the
same axis.
i)
Its angular speed is equal to the rotational speed of the earth. So, it appears
stationary or motionless over a fixed point on the earth's surface. The satellite is
visible from 1/3 of the earth's surface.
The Effective Isotropie Radiated Power (EIRP) of the earth transmitter Station is 60 dBW
with High Power Amplifier (HPA) Output power of 10 kW. If the feeder loss is 5 dB,
determine the transmitting antenna gain.
(3 marks)
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e
k
To
c
e0
|j 0
APPENDIX 1
EE/MAR 2012/ECM241
=charge of electron
=1.602 x 10"19 C
=Boltzman's Constant
=1.380 x 10~23J/K
=Standard noise temperature
=290 K
=velocity of light in vacuum
=2.99792 x 108 m/s
=electric permittivity of free space
=8.854 x 10"12 F/m
=permeability of free space
=1.257 x 10"7H/m
Trigonometrie Identities
e'JX = cosx y'sinx
(Euler's theorem)
=+sinx
( x
+*) = cosx
+
sin
2)
cos2x = cos2 x - s i n 2 x
sin 2x = 2 sin x cos x
2 cos x cos y = cos(x - y) + cos(x + y)
2 sin x sin y = cos(x - y) - cos(x + y)
2 sin x cos y = sin(x -y) + sin(x + y)
2cos 2 x = l + cos2x
2sin 2 x = l - c o s 2 x
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EE/MAR2012/ECM241
APPENDIX 2
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