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Sectional PropertiesProperties-Moment of Area

Sectional Properties

Sectional PropertiesProperties-Moment of Area

Similarly the First moment of Area A about y

axis is defined as:

My = A x dA

A coplanar surface of
area A and a reference
xy in the plane of the
surface are shown in
the figure . First
moment of Area A
about x axis is defined
as:

Mx = A y dA

Sectional PropertiesProperties-Moment of Area

We can sometimes concentrate the entire
area A at a point xc, yc called the centroid.
To compute these coco-ordinates, we equate
the moments of the distributed area with that
of the concentrated area.

Mx = A y dA = Ayc

My = A x dA= Axc

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Sectional PropertiesProperties-Moment of Area

yc= 1/A A y dA
Similarly

xc= 1/A A x dA

In many problems, the area of interest can be assumed to be formed by

the addition or subtraction of simple familiar areas whose centroids are
known. We call areas made up of such simple areas as composite areas.
For such problems, we can say that

All axes passing through the

centroid are called centroidal
axes. The first moments of an
area about the centroidal axes
are zero.

Consider a plane area with an
axes of symmetry (y axis in
figure). In evaluating the
integral :
xc= 1/A A x dA
we find that there are a pair of
area elements which are mirror
images of each other. Thus xc is
zero.

Moment of Inertia

Second moment of
Area A about x axis
(called as moment of
inertia Ixx) is defined
as:

Ixx = A y2 dA

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Moment of Inertia

In analogy with the centroid, the entire area may be assumed

to be concentrated at a single point (kx,ky) to give the same
moment of inertia of area for a given reference. Thus,

Similarly the second moment of Area A

about y axis (called as moment of inertia Iyy)
is defined as:

Iyy = A x2 dA

The product moment of inertia Ixy is defined
as:

Ixy = A xy dA

Moment of InertiaInertia-Parallel Axis

Theorem

Moment of InertiaInertia-Parallel Axis Theorem

Consider an aribtrary
x-y system of axes.

The x axis is parallel
to an axis X going
through the centroid
of the Area.

The centroid cocoordinates w.r.t. xx-y
system of axes are
(xc,yc). In the next
page figure they are
called (c,d)

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Rotated Axis
We will now obtain second moments and product of area
relative to a rotated reference. From the figure given below,
we can see that:

Moment of InertiaInertia-Rotated Axis

Thus : Ix'x' = A y2 dA

x' = X cos () + Y sin ()

y' = -X sin() + Y cos()

Where is the angle between x and x axes

Moment of InertiaInertia-Rotated Axis

Summarized Results

= A(-X sin() + Y cos()) 2 dA

Or,
Ix'x' =sin2 () A x2 dA
2 sin ((
) cos (
() A xy dA
+ cos2 () A y2 dA

Therefore,

Ix'x' = sin2 () Iyy 2 sin () cos () Ixy + cos
cos2 () Ixx

Similar results can be obtained for Iyy and Ixy.

We can compare and see that the transformation relations for

moment of inertia and stress transformation relations are
similar. The stress transformation relations are given below:

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Polar moment of inertia

The polar moment of
inertia (denoted by
symbol Ip or J) is
defined as :
IP = A r2 dA
= A y2 dA + A x2 dA
= Ixx+ Iyy