Topic

: Exothermic and endothermic reaction

Aim

: To study exothermic and endothermic reaction.

Hypothesis : Different types of chemical cause different changes in

temperature in the reaction with water.
Manipulated variable
Responding variable
Constant variable

: type of chemical
: temperature
: volume of water

Material/apparatus
: sodium hydroxide crystals, ammonium chloride
powder, distilled water, test tube, thermometer, spatula
Procedure

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

5cm3 of distilled water is poured into a test tube.

The initial temperature of distilled water is recorded.
1 spatula of sodium hydroxide pellet is added into the test tube.
The mixture is stirred until the sodium hydroxide dissolved.
Then the final temperature is recorded in the table.
The experiment is repeated by using ammonium chloride powder.

Result
Types of chemicals

Sodium hydroxide
crystals and distilled
water
Ammonium chloride
powder with
distilled water

:
Initial
temperature
of substance
(C)
29.0

39.0

Final
temperature
of substance
(C)
60.0

15.0

Change in
temperature
(C)
31.0

-14.0

Topic

: Exothermic and endothermic reaction

Aim

: To study exothermic and endothermic reaction.

Hypothesis : Different types of chemical cause different changes in

temperature in the reaction with water.
Manipulated variable
Responding variable
Constant variable

: type of chemical
: temperature
: volume of water

Material/apparatus
: sodium hydroxide crystals, ammonium chloride
powder, distilled water, test tube, thermometer, spatula
Procedure

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

5cm3 of distilled water is poured into a test tube.

The initial temperature of distilled water is recorded.
1 spatula of sodium hydroxide pellet is added into the test tube.
The mixture is stirred until the sodium hydroxide dissolved.
Then the final temperature is recorded in the table.
The experiment is repeated by using ammonium chloride powder.

Result
Types of chemicals

Sodium hydroxide
crystals and distilled
water
Ammonium chloride
powder with
distilled water

:
Initial
temperature
of substance
(C)
29.0

39.0

Final
temperature
of substance
(C)
60.0

15.0

Change in
temperature
(C)
31.0

-14.0

Discussion
:
1. An exothermic reaction occurs when temperature increases because heat
is released to the surrounding.
2. An endothermic reaction occurs when temperature decreases because
heat is absorbed from the surrounding.
3. Hypothesis is accepted.
Conclusion
:
1. An exothermic reaction is a chemical reaction that involves an increase in
temperature.
2. An endothermic reaction is a chemical reaction that involves a decrease in
temperature.

Discussion
:
4. An exothermic reaction occurs when temperature increases because heat
is released to the surrounding.
5. An endothermic reaction occurs when temperature decreases because
heat is absorbed from the surrounding.
6. Hypothesis is accepted.
Conclusion
:
3. An exothermic reaction is a chemical reaction that involves an increase in
temperature.
4. An endothermic reaction is a chemical reaction that involves a decrease in
temperature.