Essential Mathematical Formulas

1. Diagonal of a Square = s2
2. Diagonal of a Cube = s3
3. Diagonal of a Rectangular Solid =

a2 +b2 +c 2

4. Whole surface area of a Rectangular Solid = 2(abbcca)

5. Ratio of sides of a 30/60/90 angle = 1: 3: 2
6. Ratio of sides of a 45/45/90 angle = 1: 1: 2
y2 y1
7. Straight line equation y-y1= x2 x1

(x-x1) [2 point (x1,y1) & (x2,y2) is given]

8. Straight line equation y = mx + b [m = slope, b= y intercept]

9. Slope =

y2 y1
x2 x1

rise
run ]

10.Distance between two points =

2

x
y
2
2
( 2x 1 ) +( 2 y 1 )

11.Equation of circle = ( xa) +( yb) =r [centre= (a,b) ; radius= r]

12.Sum of the internal angle of a polygon - (n-2)180o
13.Area of a Triangle = base height
= s (sa)( sb)( sc)
=

3 x2
4

[s =

a+b+ c
2

(equilateral triangle)

14.Area of a Parallelogram = Base Height (ah)

= ab sin
15. Area of a Rectangle = Length Width
1

16.Area of a Rhombus = 2 Diagonal1 Diagonal2

= Side Height (a h)
= a2 sin
17. Area of a Trapezoid =

( B 1+B 2 ) H
2

18. Of all quadrilateral/polygon with given perimeter, SQUARE/REGULAR

polygon has the largest area & vice versa
19. Cone 1 2
i) V = 3 r h

ii) S = r(l + r) [l=length of inclined portion]

20. Sphere

Essential Mathematical Formulas

i) V =

4 3
r
3
2

ii) S = 4 r
21. Cylinder i) V r2h
ii) Surface area = 2 r2 + 2rh = 2r(r+h)
20. Circle i) Area = r2
ii) Circumference = 2r
iii) Area of a sector = r2

angledegree
360

iv) Length of a arc = 2r

angledegree
360

21. x0 = 1
-a

x =

1
a
x

ax .ay = ax+y
(ax)y = axy
ax.bx = (ab)x
00=1, 01=0
22. 1 is not a prime number
2 is the only even prime number
0 is an integer (not negative or positive integer)
23 . Integers are -1,-2,-3.......0........1,2,3.....
24. Prime factorization:
2|60
2|30
3|15
5
2235
25. Factorization:
Small

Large

Essential Mathematical Formulas

1

60

30

10

15

12

10

26. Variance = (S.D)2

27. Weighted avg. =

2
3
( 180 ) + (120)
5
5

[ avg of 2 out of 5 is 180 & remain 3

is 120]

= 72 + 72
= 144
28.

0,1,1,4|5,6,6,7|7,8,10,12|14,15,18,19
Q1
Q2
Q3
(P25) (P50)
(P75)
Q1=

4+5
=4.5
2

Q2=

7 +7
=7
2

12+14
=13
Q3 =
2

29. Normal distribution:

+- 1 SD = 68% (34+34)
+- 2 SD = 96% (34+14+34+14)
+- 3SD = 99.9% (34+14+2+34+14+2)
n!

30. Permutation without repetition (normal) nPr = ( nr ) !

31. Combination without repetition (normal)
32. Permutation with repetition = nr

Cr =

n!
r ! ( nr ) !

Essential Mathematical Formulas

33. Permutation with same indistinguishable member =
7!
2 ! 3 !

[Suppose permutation of word SUCCESS =

34. Cyclical permutation =

n!
k!

as S is 3 times and C is 2 times]

n!
r

35.

36. Arithmetric progressing series:

i) nth term = a + (n-1)d
n

ii) sum of the first n term = 2 {2a + (n-1)d}

37. Geometric progressing series:
i) nth term = arn-1
n

a(1r )
1r

ii) sum of the first n term =

2

38. 2 solution of quadratic equation ax +bx+c= 0 is

b b24 ac
2a

rt

39. Simple Interest V()= P(1+ 100 )

t

40. Compound Interest V()=

P(1+

r
)
100

r nt
P(1+
)
41. Compound Interest V()=
100 n

42. Parabola equation y = ax2+bx+c

i) a +ve hole open upwards

[Compouded yearly]
[Compouded n times yearly]

Essential Mathematical Formulas

ii) y=0 bosale x er 2 ta intercept paowa jabe jar midpoint
holo vertex er x co ordinate.ekhon equation e ei x er
value bosale y paowa jabevertex holo ei (x,y)
43. Prime numbers: 4 4 2 2 3 2 2 3 2 1
44. Probability:
Independent probability :(occurrence of one event doesnt affect the another)
i) Mutually exclusive means no chance of occurrence simultaneously
(both)like rolling a die, flipping a coin.
Here, P(A) or P(B) = P(A) + P(B)
P(A) and P(B) = P(A).P(B)
ii) Non mutually exclusive (independent) means chance of occurrence
simultaneously (both can occur at the same time).like subject
related problems.
Here, P(A) or P(B) = P(A) + P(B) P(A&B)
P(A) and P(B) = P(A).P(B)
Dependent Probability: (occurrence of one event affects another)
Picking red ball, blue ball from box.3/10 x 2/9
45. Total = nA + nB n (A&B) + no participation
46. Miscellaneous:
i) (-3)2 = 9 , -32 = -9
ii) 100 = only 10, not -10

x2 = only +x, not x

iii) x2 = 16, here x = +4