Risk Management for Hazardous Chemicals

Page: 1

MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET

CHEMICAL NAME

CRC PRESS/LEWIS PUBLISHERS DISCLAIMER: THE

INFORMATION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

PRESENTED HEREIN ARE BASED ON SOURCES BELIEVED TO BE RELIABLE. CRC MAKES NO REPRESENTATION
ON ITS COMPLETENESS OR ACCURACY. IT IS THE RESPONSIBILITY OF THE USER TO DETERMINE THE
CHEMICAL'S SUITABILITY FOR ITS INTENDED USE, THE CHEMICAL'S SAFE USE, AND THE CHEMICAL'S PROPER
DISPOSAL. NO REPRESENTATIONS AND/OR WARRANTIES, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, OF THE MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, OR OF ANY OTHER NATURE, ARE MADE WITH
RESPECT TO THE INFORMATION PROVIDED IN THIS MSDS OR TO THE CHEMICAL TO WHICH INFORMATION MAY
REFER. CRC NEITHER ASSUMES NOR AUTHORIZES ANY OTHER PERSON TO ASSUME FOR IT, ANY OTHER
ADDITIONAL RESPONSIBILITY OR LIABILITY FOR THE USE OF, OR RELIANCE UPON, THIS INFORMATION.

CALCIUM PHOSPHATE,
DIBASIC

HAZARD WARNING INFORMATION

HEALTH

FIRE

REACTIVE

OTHER

DEGREE OF HAZARD
0 = Minimum Hazard
1 = Slight Hazard
2 = Moderate Hazard
3 = Serious Hazard
4 = Severe Hazard

COLOR CODING

OTHER CODES

HEALTH = BLUE
FIRE = RED
REACTIVITY = YELLOW
OTHER = WHITE

OX = Oxidizer
ACID = Acid
ALK = Alkali
COR = Corrosive
W = Use No Water

SECTION I - GENERAL INFORMATION

Characterization

RCRA Number

Calcium Compound

EPA Class

None

DOT Proper Shipping Name

Not Applicable

Chemical Abstract Service (CAS) Number

Not Listed

7757-93-9

DOT Hazard Class and Label Requirements

DOT Emergency Guide Code

No Citation

No Citation

DOT Identification Number

Atomic Formula

CaHPO42H2O

No Citation
Synonyms

Dicalcium orthophosphate; bicalcium phosphate; secondary calcium phosphate.

SECTION II - HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS AND IDENTITY INFORMATION

Hazardous Components (specific identity)

Calcium phosphate, dibasic

(derivation: By interaction of fluorine-free
phosphoric acid with milk and lime).

OSHA Exposure Criteria

PEL:
3
5 mg/m
(respirable dusts)

STEL:
3
15 mg/m
(total dusts)

NIOSH Exposure Criteria

Immediately Dangerous to
Life and Health (IDLH)

REL:
Not
Established

ACGIH Exposure Criteria

TLV (8-hour):
3
10 mg/m
Not
Determined
STEL:
Not
Established

STEL:
Not
Established

SECTION III - PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS

Boiling Point

Specific Gravity (H2O = 1)

Decomposes
Vapor Pressure (mm Hg)

2.306
Molecular Weight

Not Found
Vapor Density (Air = 1)

172.09
Melting Point

Loses water at 228F (109C)

Not Found
Solubility

Slightly soluble in water. Soluble in dilute hydrochloric, nitric, and acetic acids. Insoluble in alcohol.
Appearance and Odor

White, odorless, tasteless, crystalline powder.

SECTION IV - FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARD DATA

Flash Point (method used)

Explosive Limits in Air % by Volume

Not Determined
NFPA Classification

LEL: Not Determined

UEL: Not Determined

Autoignition Temperature

Non-Flammable Solid

Not Determined

Extinguishing Media

Use agent suitable to surrounding fire. Dry chemical, carbon dioxide, water spray, or regular foam
should be adequate for fire suppression.
Special Fire Fighting Procedures

Structural protective clothing is permeable. Be sure to stay clear of smoke, water fall-out, and water runoff. Move containers from fire if it can be done without risk. Cool exposed containers with water spray.
Dike area for control and containment to prevent entry into sewers, drains, and waterways. Evacuate
non-essential personnel 1500 feet from the danger area. Consider down wind conditions.
Unusual Fire and Explosion Hazards

None reported. Avoid creating dusts during response procedures.

1996 by CRC Press, Inc.

Risk Management for Hazardous Chemicals

Page: 2

SECTION V - REACTIVITY DATA

Conditions to Avoid

Calcium phosphate is stable under normal conditions of temperature and pressure. Avoid contact with
heat. Keep lids tightly closed. Avoid generating dusty conditions.

Stability
Stable

Unstable

May react in contact with strong acids (such as nitric, hydrochloric, and sulfuric).

X
Hazardous
Polymerization
May Occur

Incompatibility (materials to avoid)

Will Not Occur

Conditions to Avoid

Under normal conditions of temperature and pressure, hazardous polymerization of calcium phosphate
is not known to occur.
Hazardous Decomposition or By-products

When heated to decomposition calcium phosphate, dibasic will emit toxic and acrid smoke and fumes.

SECTION VI - HEALTH HAZARD DATA

Inhalation?

Primary Route(s) of Entry:

Absorption (skin)?

Ingestion?

Health Hazards

INHALATION: Irritation of the eyes, nose, throat, and respiratory tract. Causes tearing. May cause
pulmonary lesions on prolonged exposure. A nuisance dust.
EYES & SKIN: Skin contact causes irritation. Direct eye contact causes corneal burns.
INGESTION:

Gastrointestinal irritation with severe pain, diarrhea, vomiting, and nausea.

Carcinogenicity

NTP Listed?

Unknown Human
Unknown Animal

No

IARC Cancer Review Group?

OSHA Regulated?

Target Organs?

No

29 CFR 1910.1000
Table Z-1

Eyes, skin, mucous membranes, G.I. system.

Medical Conditions Generally Aggravated by Exposure

None reported.
Emergency and First-aid Procedures

Eye contact: Flush immediately with water for 15 minutes (minimum), gently lifting eyelids. Do not allow
victim to keep eyes tightly shut. Seek medical attention. Skin contact: Immediately remove all contaminated clothing. Rinse in flooding amounts of water for 15 minutes (minimum). Wash area with large
amounts of soap and water. For red or blistered skin, seek medical assistance. For inhalation: Remove
the person from exposure. Provide respiratory assistance and CPR. Transfer to medical facility. If
swallowed: Provide breathing assistance if necessary. Contact poison control center. Unless advised
otherwise, give 1-2 glasses of water and induce vomiting. Never attempt to give a convulsing or unconscious person anything by mouth. Seek medical attention immediately. DOCTOR: Treatment should be
symptomatic and supportive. Monitor calcium, phosphate, and magnesium levels.

SECTION VII - PRECAUTIONS FOR SAFE HANDLING AND USE

Steps to be Taken in Case Material is Released or Spilled

Collect powdered material in most convenient manner possible and deposit in sealed drum. Keep those
not involved in cleanup from entering area. Do NOT dry sweep (creates airborne dusts). Use a vacuum
equipped with a high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter. Use wet mop to clean residues.
Preferred Waste Disposal Method

No Citation.
Precautions to be Taken in Handling and Storage

Store in tightly closed containers in cool, well-ventilated area away from excessive heat and incompatible materials. Sources of ignition are prohibited where calcium phosphate is stored.
Other Precautions and Warnings

Protect from physical damage.

SECTION VIII - CONTROL MEASURES AND PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

Respiratory Protection (specify type)

For low exposures, a full facepiece respirator with HEPA filter may suffice. For best protection, use a
supplied air respirator with a full facepiece, or an SCBA operated in positive pressure mode.
Ventilation

Local exhaust or general mechanical systems recommended.

Protective Gloves

Impervious Material

Eye Protection

Chemical/Dust Goggles or Face Mask

Other Protective Clothing

Protective Suit or Clothing

Work/Hygiene Practices

Always wash hands thoroughly after using chemical; never bring food, drink, or smoking materials into
vicinity of chemicals.

1996 by CRC Press, Inc.

Risk Management for Hazardous Chemicals

Page: 3

CALCIUM PHOSPHATE, DIBASIC

CaHPO42H2O

CAS: 7757-93-9

0
1

IDENTIFICATION AND TYPICAL USES

Eye:

Calcium phosphate, dibasic, appears as a white, tasteless, crystalline powder with no odor. It is used as a
animal feed supplement, a food supplement, as a dentifrice, in pharmaceuticals, in the manufacture of
glass, as a fertilizer ingredient, as a stabilizer for plastics, as a dough conditioner, and in yeast foods.

Lung: Irritation of the eyes, nose, throat, and mucosa

of the respiratory tract. There may be coughing, sneezing, and other unspecified pulmonary effects.

Calcium phosphate is mildly toxic by ingestion and

inhalation. There are no reports of carcinogenic,
mutagenic, or teratogenic effects subsequent to exposure. While it is primarily characterized as a nuisance
dust, there are some noted effects of exposure that
must be assessed and managed if the dibasic form of
calcium phosphate is used or handled in the work
place.
Inhalation of calcium phosphates may cause irritation of the eyes (with tearing and redness), nose,
throat, and respiratory tract. There is a possibility that
inhalation may lead to the development of pulmonary
lesions. However, the data are conflicting and inconclusive in this regard.
Skin contact can cause irritation with erythema
(redness) and possible rash. Eye contact presents a
more serious hazard since the phosphate may cause
corneal burns, especially if the chemical is not removed immediately.
Ingestion can cause gastrointestinal irritation with
nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.

1 Acute Health Effects

The following acute (short-term) health effects may
occur immediately or shortly after exposure to calcium
phosphate, dibasic:
Irritation and possible rash.

Other: Gastrointestinal irritation with abdominal

cramps, vomiting, nausea, and diarrhea.

0 Chronic Health Effects

RISK ASSESSMENT: HEALTH

General Assessment

Skin:

Irritation and possible burning of the cornea.

The following chronic (long-term) health effects may

occur at some time after exposure to calcium phosphate and can last for months or even years:
Cancer Hazards: According to the information presented in the references, calcium phosphate has not
been adequately tested for its ability to cause cancer in
test animals.
Reproductive Hazard: According to information
available in the references, calcium phosphate has not
been adequately tested for its ability to adversely affect reproduction in laboratory animals.
Other Chronic Effects: Exposure may cause the development of pulmonary granulomatous lesions.

Recommended Risk-Reduction Measures

Personnel should avoid direct contact with calcium
phosphate. While it is classified (by NIOSH and the
ACGIH) as a nuisance dust, it can pose a toxic health
hazard risk on unprotected exposure. If a less toxic
chemical cannot be substituted for a hazardous material, then engineering controls are the most effective
method of reducing exposures.
The best protection is to enclose operations and/or
provide local exhaust ventilation at the site of chemical release. While not always operationally feasible,
isolating operations can also reduce exposure. Using
respiratory protection is less effective than the controls mentioned above, but is still advisable whenever

1996 by CRC Press, Inc.

Risk Management for Hazardous Chemicals

working with or around calcium phosphate. For low

exposures, a full facepiece respirator equipped with a
high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter equipped
with a dust/mist/fume pre-filter may suffice. However, for the best protection use a supplied-air respirator with a full facepiece operated in positive pressure mode or a MSHA/NIOSH approved selfcontained breathing apparatus (SCBA) with full facepiece operated in pressure demand or other continuous
flow mode. If a full facepiece is not available, then
chemical/dust goggles should be worn to protect the
eyes. Whenever a chemical dust hazard exists, a face
shield and a rubber apron should be worn. To prevent
hand and skin exposures, impervious rubber gloves
should be worn.
Administrative controls should also be in place to
minimize the potential for human exposures. These
may include written procedures or policies which
specify the methods and techniques that will be practiced whenever personnel are to work with calcium
phosphate.
All personnel should receive training on the use,
hazards, protective measures, emergency actions, and
other precautions per 29 CFR 1910.1200 (Hazard
Communication), prior to the first assignment in an
area where calcium phosphate is used or stored.
Before beginning employment and at regular intervals thereafter (e.g., annually), the following medical tests are recommended for personnel with frequent
or anticipated exposure to calcium phosphate:

Lung function tests (establish baseline).

If symptoms develop or overexposure is suspected, the

following may also be useful:

;
;

Lung function tests.

Consider chest X-ray following acute overexposure.

Any evaluation should include a careful history of past

and present symptoms with a medical examination.
Medical tests that look for damage already done are
not a substitute for controlling exposure. Also, since
smoking can cause heart disease, emphysema, and a
number of other respiratory disorders, smokers exposed to lung irritants such as calcium phosphate dusts
and fumes may experience symptoms much more
quickly than non-smokers under the same conditions
of exposure. Prudent risk management requires proper
consideration of all factors which may be causing the
appearance of exposures symptoms in the work place.

Page: 4

;
;
;
;

;
;

Where possible, enclose operations and use local

exhaust ventilation at the site of chemical release.
If local exhaust ventilation or enclosure is not
used, respiratory protection should be mandatory.
Always ensure that proper protective clothing is
worn when using chemical substances.
Wash thoroughly immediately after exposure to
calcium phosphate and at the end of the work
shift or before eating, drinking, or smoking.
Hazard warning information should be posted in
the work area. In addition, as part of an on-going
education and training program, all information
on the health and safety hazards of calcium phosphate should be communicated to all potentially
exposed workers.
Eye wash stations and emergency showers should
be located in the immediate work area.
Work clothing that has been contaminated with
calcium phosphate should never be worn home
where family members can be exposed as well.
Contaminated clothing should be laundered at
work or by an authorized service by personnel
who have been trained in the hazards associated
with exposure to calcium phosphate and calcium
compounds.

RISK ASSESSMENT: ENVIRONMENT

General Assessment
The environment is at risk of exposure during transportation, storage, disposal, or destruction of calcium
phosphate. In almost every scenario, the threat of environmental exposure is contingent upon the proper
handling of the chemical substance. Accidental spills,
large or small, can result in fire, explosion, and possible contamination of the surrounding environmental
mediums (water, soil, and air).
Calcium phosphate is a non-flammable solid that
can produce irritating and acrid smoke if it is involved
in a fire. It may react violently in contact with strong
acids, such as nitric, sulfuric, and hydrofluoric. These
characteristics require special consideration during
any emergency situation involving a leak or spill of
calcium phosphate.
Calcium phosphate can enter the environment
through industrial discharge, spills, or leaks.

1 Acute Ecological Effects

Other methods to reduce exposure include:

1996 by CRC Press, Inc.

Risk Management for Hazardous Chemicals

Acute (short-term) toxic effects may include the death

of animals, birds, or fish and death or low growth rate
in plants. Acute effects are seen 2 to 4 days after animals or plants are exposed to calcium phosphate.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate the
short-term effects of calcium phosphate exposure to
aquatic life, plants, birds or land animals.

0 Chronic Ecological Effects

Chronic (long-term) toxic effects may include shortened life span, reproductive problems, lower fertility,
and changes in appearance or behavior in exposed
animals. These effects can be seen long after first exposure(s) to toxic chemicals.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate the longterm effects of calcium phosphate exposure to aquatic
life, plants, birds or land animals.

6 Water Solubility
Calcium phosphate is only very slightly soluble in
water. Concentrations of less than 1 milligram may
mix with a liter of water.

 Persistence in the Environment

Calcium phosphate is only moderately persistent in the
aquatic environment, with a half-life between 20 and
200 days. The half-life of a pollutant is the amount of
time it takes for one half of the chemical to be degraded.

O Bioaccumulation in Aquatic Organisms

Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate, in living organisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal organs of animals
as well as humans.
The concentration of calcium phosphate found in
fish is expected to be about the same as the average
concentration of calcium phosphate in the water from
which the fish was taken.

Recommended Risk-Reduction Measures

Proper training of all transporters will reduce the likelihood of a mishap or accidents resulting in a leak or
spill to the environment. Proper labeling on all containers, trucks, and rail cars will enable emergency
responders to react properly and quickly to any disaster thereby reducing the potential risk to the environment and to personnel.

Page: 5

If a spill or leak to the environment has occurred,

fire department, emergency response and/or hazardous
materials spill personnel should be notified immediately. Do not dry sweep. When vacuuming, a high
efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter should be
used, not a standard shop vacuum. Use damp mop to
clean up residue. Deposit collected materials in sealed
drum for disposal. Cleanup should be attempted only
by those trained in proper spill containment procedures. Contaminated soils may need to be removed
and replaced with clean soil. If calcium phosphate
should contact the water table, aquifer, or navigable
waterway, time is of the essence. Calcium phosphate
is slightly soluble in water. Therefore, total containment and remediation may not be entirely possible.
When such spills occur, the local and/or state emergency response authorities must be notified. A comprehensive emergency response or disaster preparedness/recovery plan should be in place prior to any operations involving the use, transportation, storage, or
disposal of calcium phosphate. If calcium phosphate
is spilled or leaked, the following specific steps are
recommended:

;
;
;
;

Restrict persons not wearing protective clothing

from area of spill or leak until cleanup is complete.
Ventilate area of spill or leak and remove all ignition sources.
Collect powdered materials in most convenient
and safe manner possible and place in sealed
drums for disposal. Do NOT dry sweep, use
HEPA vacuum instead. Damp mop residue.
It may be necessary to dispose of calcium phosphate as a hazardous waste. The responsible
state agency or the regional office of the federal
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) should
be contacted for specific recommendations.

RISK ASSESSMENT: BUSINESS

General Assessment
Accidents or mishaps involving calcium phosphate
can present a moderate threat to business operations.
The loss or damage of equipment or facilities can significantly affect fiscal viability. Lawsuits that may
result from personnel injury/death, public exposures,
and/or environmental contamination will also require
a serious expenditure of resources. Media attention
surrounding an injury, death, or environmental dam-

1996 by CRC Press, Inc.

Risk Management for Hazardous Chemicals

Page: 6

age can also result in a loss of profits and loss of current as well as future business.

Howard, P. H., et. al. 1991. Handbook of Environmental Degradation

Rates. New York: CRC Press/Lewis Publishers.

Recommended Risk-Reduction Measures

Hosty, J. W., and P. Foster. 1990. A Practical Guide to Chemical Spill

Response. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.

Company attorneys, safety and health professionals,

and environmental specialists should be involved in
the development of any procedures dealing with safety
or emergency response. A company official should be
pre-designated as a public relations officer with specific training in dealing with the press. Corporate
plans and policies should be developed, approved, and
implemented long before any need for such arises.

Jones, F. E. 1994. Toxic Organic Vapors in the Workplace. New York:

CRC Press/Lewis Publishers.
Kamrin, M. A. 1988. Toxicology: A Primer on Principles and Applications. Chelsea, Michigan: Lewis Publishers.
Keith, L. H. , M. T. Johnston, C. E. Hudak, and M. Conoley. 1992. National Toxicology Programs Gloves+ Database. Chelsea, MI:
Lewis Publishers.
Landis, W. G., M. H. Yu. 1995. Introduction to Environmental Toxicology. New York: CRC Press/Lewis Publishers.

REFERENCES
Ahlbom, A. 1993. Biostatistics for Epidemiologists. New York: CRC
Press/Lewis Publishers.

Langerman, N. 1994 Precautionary Labels for Chemical Containers.

New York: CRC Press/Lewis Publishers.

American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists. 1988.

Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values and Biological Exposure Indices, 5th Edition (with updates). Cincinnati: ACGIH

Lauwerys, R. R., P. Hoet. 1993. Industrial Chemical Exposure. New

York: CRC Press/Lewis Publishers.

Asante-Duah, D. K. 1993. Hazardous Waste Risk Assessment. New

York: CRC Press/Lewis Publishers.
Bloom, A. D. and F. J. DeSerres. 1995. Ecotoxicity and Human Health.
New York: CRC Press/Lewis Publishers.
Brusick, D. J. 1994. Methods for Genetic Risk Assessment. New York:
CRC Press/Lewis Publishers.
Calabrese, E. J. 1994. Biological Effects of Low Level Exposures. New
York: CRC Press/Lewis Publishers.
Cockerman, L. G., B. S. Shane. 1994. Basic Environmental Toxicology.
New York: CRC Press/Lewis Publishers.
Cothern, R. R. 1993. Comparative Environmental Risk Assessment. New
York: CRC Press/Lewis Publishers.
Danse, I. R. 1991. Common Sense Toxics in the Workplace. New York:
Van Nostrand Reinhold.
Environmental Protection Agency. 1983. Chemical Hazard Information
Profiles. Washington, D.C.: U.S. EPA.
Fodden, C. R., and J. L. Weddell. 1992. Hazardous Materials Emergency
Action Data. New York: CRC Press/Lewis Publishers.

Lewis, R. J., Sr. 1992. Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials, Volumes 1, 2, and 3, 8th Edition. New York: Van Nostrand
Reinhold.
Mackay, D., W. Y. Shiu, and K. C. Ma. 1992. Illustrated Handbook of
Chemical-Physical Properties and Environmental Fate for Organic
Chemicals. New York: CRC Press/Lewis Publishers.
Manahan, S. E. 1994. Environmental Chemistry, 6th Edition. New
York: CRC Press/Lewis Publishers.
Mellstrm, G. A., J. E. Wahlberg, and H. I. Maibach. 1994. Protective
Gloves for Occupational Use. New York: CRC Press/Lewis Publishers.
Meyer, E. 1990. Chemistry of Hazardous Materials. Englewood Cliffs,
NJ: Prentice Hall.
Miller, B. F., M.D., and C. B. Keane, R.N. 1972. Encyclopedia and Dictionary of Medicine and Nursing. Philadelphia: W.B. Sanders
Company.
Mycock, J. C., J. D. McKenna, and L. Theodore. 1995. Handbook of Air
Pollution Control Engineering and Technology. New York: CRC
Press/Lewis Publishers.
Nelson, G. O. 1992. Gas Mixtures. New York: CRC Press/Lewis Publishers.

Forseberg, K., and L. H. Keith. 1993. Chemical; Protective Clothing

Permeation and Degradation Database. Chelsea, MI: Lewis Publishers.

Ott, W. R. 1995. Environmental Statistics and Data Analysis. New

York: CRC Press/Lewis Publishers.

Gerarde, H. W. 1960. Toxicology and Biochemistry of Aromatic Hydrocarbons. New York: Elsevier.

Rea, W. J. 1995. Chemical Sensitivity, Vol. I-III. New York: CRC

Press/Lewis Publishers.

Hallenbeck, W. H. 1993. Quantitative Risk Assessment for Environmental and Occupational Health, 2nd Edition. New York: CRC
Press/Lewis Publishers.

Sacarello, H. L. A. 1994. The Comprehensive Handbook of Hazardous

Materials. New York: CRC Press/Lewis Publishers.

Hodgson, E., R. B. Mailman, and Janice E. Chambers. 1988. Dictionary

of Toxicology. London: The MacMillian Company.
Howard, P. H. 1995. Handbook of Environmental Fate and Exposures
Data for Organic Chemicals, Vol. I-IV. New York: CRC
Press/Lewis Publishers.

Sherman, J. D. 1988. Chemical Exposure and Disease. New York: Van

Nostrand Reinhold.
Talbott, E., G. Craun. 1995. An Introduction to Environmental Epidemiology. New York: CRC Press/Lewis Publishers.

1996 by CRC Press, Inc.