BMW CleanEnergy Seminar

March 19-20, 2002, Sacramento, California

Hydrogen Technology
Hydrogen
as

Alternative Fuel
Rolf Trill
Linde AG, Linde Gas, Munich, Germany
eMail: Rolf.Trill@de.Linde-Gas.com

www.Linde.com
Linde AG, Linde Gas

2002 LINDE

wolf, sde, 1760, Fach 60

... pres \ GAFF \ gaff_c.ppt

Hydrogen as Alternative Fuel

the way - replacement of conventional fuel systems -

H2
Methanol

reformer

cleaner

FC

fuel cell

CGH2

e
n
e

a
w

conventional fuel

e
l
b

e
l
c

LH2

n
a

modified
combustion engine

H2

www.Linde.com
Linde AG, Linde Gas

2002 LINDE

wolf, sde, 1760, Fach 60

... pres \ GAFF \ gaff_c.ppt

Hydrogen Technology for Vehicles

projects - EXPO 2000, Berlin, May 2000, BMW www.Linde.com

Linde AG, Linde Gas

2002 LINDE

wolf, sde, 1760, Fach 60

... pres \ GAFF \ gaff_c.ppt

Hydrogen as Alternative Fuel

Filling Stations - LH2-tank -

Linde AG, Linde Gas

2002 LINDE

wolf, sde, 1760, Fach 60

... pres \ GAFF \ gaff_c.ppt

Hydrogen Technology for Vehicles

principal design - schematic -

www.Linde.com
Linde AG, Linde Gas

2002 LINDE

wolf, sde, 1760, Fach 60

... pres \ GAFF \ gaff_c.ppt

Hydrogen Technology for Vehicles

autonomy phase - improvement by a novel application 5,5

tank pressure [ bara ]

5,0

4,5

conventional
4,0

novel
3,5

3,0

2,5

2,0
0
0

24
1

48
2

72
3

96
4 120
5 144
6 168
7 192
8 216
9 240
10 264
11 288
12 312
13 336
14 360
15 384
16 408
17 432
18 456
19 480
20

time [ d ]
Linde AG, Linde Gas

2002 LINDE

wolf, sde, 1760, Fach 60

... pres \ GAFF \ gaff_c.ppt

Hydrogen Technology for Vehicles

autonomy phase - basic ideas -

Requirement:

90 days w/o vent

Solution:

active cooled radiation shield

Linde AG, Linde Gas

2002 LINDE

wolf, sde, 1760, Fach 60

... pres \ GAFF \ gaff_c.ppt

Hydrogen Technology for Vehicles

autonomy phase - principle design of the novel application
outer vessel

radiation shield
inner vessel

hydrogen

heat exchanger

ambient air
liquefied air
www.Linde.com
Linde AG, Linde Gas

2002 LINDE

dried air
wolf, sde, 1760, Fach 60
... pres \ GAFF \ gaff_c.ppt

Hydrogen Technology for Vehicles

autonomy phase - principle design of the novel application, comparison -

conventional

CooLH2
www.Linde.com
Linde AG, Linde Gas

2002 LINDE

wolf, sde, 1760, Fach 60

... pres \ GAFF \ gaff_c.ppt

Hydrogen Technology for Vehicles

autonomy phase - novel LH2 tank systems, drive cycles 5,5

novel

conventional

tank pressure [ bara ]

5,0

4,5

4,0

3,5

3,0

2,5

2,0
0

24
1

48
2

72
3

96
4 120
5 144
6 168
7 192
8 216
9 240
10 264
11 288
12 312
13 336
14 360
15 384
16 408
17 432
18 456
19 480
20

time [ d ]
Linde AG, Linde Gas

2002 LINDE

wolf, sde, 1760, Fach 60

... pres \ GAFF \ gaff_c.ppt

Hydrogen as Alternative Fuel

filling stations - manual operated LH2 fuel station, Hannover
www.Linde.com

The manual fuel station

and the filling process.

Linde AG, Linde Gas

2002 LINDE

wolf, sde, 1760, Fach 60

... pres \ GAFF \ gaff_c.ppt

Hydrogen as Alternative Fuel

LH2 coupling - the existing manual operated version -

The manual operated version (1998),

with pneumatic actuated cold finger.

female part
on vehicle side

male part
on fuel station side

Linde AG, Linde Gas

2002 LINDE

wolf, sde, 1760, Fach 60

... pres \ GAFF \ gaff_c.ppt

Hydrogen as Alternative Fuel

LH2 coupling - new development of an automotive LH2 coupling -

The existing manual version ...

... the future automotive version.

www.Linde.com
Linde AG, Linde Gas

2002 LINDE

wolf, sde, 1760, Fach 60

... pres \ GAFF \ gaff_c.ppt

Hydrogen as Alternative Fuel

LH2 coupling - proposal for standardisation of an automotive
coupling -

main features of the proposed concept:

n based on experienced hardware

( more than 3.300 filling sequences )

n self locking
n fully automated filling process
n none visible moving parts
n lightweight & automotive dimensions
n reliable connecting and locking mechanism
n safe and easy handling
n first functional tests successfully performed
www.Linde.com
Linde AG, Linde Gas

2002 LINDE

wolf, sde, 1760, Fach 60

... pres \ GAFF \ gaff_c.ppt

Hydrogen as Alternative Fuel

filling stations - manual operated LH2 fuel station, Oxnard 2001 www.Linde.com

Linde AG, Linde Gas

2002 LINDE

wolf, sde, 1760, Fach 60

... pres \ GAFF \ gaff_c.ppt

Hydrogen as Alternative Fuel

filling stations - Hydrogen project in Sacramento -

www.Linde.com
Linde AG, Linde Gas

2002 LINDE

wolf, sde, 1760, Fach 60

... pres \ GAFF \ gaff_c.ppt

Hydrogen as Alternative Fuel

filling stations - hydrogen project on Airport Munich -

www.Linde.com
Linde AG, Linde Gas

2002 LINDE

wolf, sde, 1760, Fach 60

... pres \ GAFF \ gaff_c.ppt

Hydrogen as Alternative Fuel

filling stations - the ROBOT application www.Linde.com

... opening of gas cap ...

Drive in, check in & positioning of the robot

positioning of the coupling

... filling / refilling of the LH2 tank system.

Linde AG, Linde Gas

2002 LINDE

wolf, sde, 1760, Fach 60

... pres \ GAFF \ gaff_c.ppt

Hydrogen as Alternative Fuel

outlook - growth scenario for hydrogen fuelled cars -

cars sold p.a.

15 m cars

Phase 1

Phase 2

Phase 3

Phase 4

test phase

niche product

market penetration

core & new markets

2005 - 2010

2010 - 2015

2015 - 2020

2020 - 2025

starter technology

reformer technology

technology jump

market jump

3 m cars
50 t cars

> 200

2005

77 t

2010
www.Linde.com
Linde AG, Linde Gas

2002 LINDE

300 t cars

885 t

2015

9m

54 m

2020

2025
Source: FH Gelsenkirchen
wolf, sde, 1760, Fach 60
... pres \ GAFF \ gaff_c.ppt

Hydrogen as Alternative Fuel

filling stations - universal cryogenic fuel station, principle scheme vent flue

CGH2dispenser

LH2dispenser

CGH2high pressure
storage

CGH2
high pressure
evaporator
boil off gas
heater

valve &
remote box

supply
connection

LH2
fuel station

LH2

CGH2

dispenser
standard
filling
up to
3.000 l/h

dispenser
standard
filling
up to
350 bar

ventgas;

boil off gas

compressor

LH2 - filling

LH2 storage tank

LH2 transfer pump

capacity: 3.000 l/h
Linde AG, Linde Gas

2002 LINDE

cryogenic
piston pump

www.Linde.com
wolf, sde, 1760, Fach 60
... pres \ GAFF \ gaff_c.ppt

Hydrogen as Alternative Fuel

filling stations - universal cryogenic fuel station during erection -

www.Linde.com
Linde AG, Linde Gas

2002 LINDE

wolf, sde, 1760, Fach 60

... pres \ GAFF \ gaff_c.ppt

Hydrogen as Alternative Fuel

storage & filling systems - universal cryogenic fuel station -

www.Linde.com
Linde AG, Linde Gas

2002 LINDE

wolf, sde, 1760, Fach 60

... pres \ GAFF \ gaff_c.ppt

Hydrogen as Alternative Fuel

filling stations - comparison of dispensers -

LH2

dispenser

CGH2

dispenser

www.Linde.com
Linde AG, Linde Gas

2002 LINDE

wolf, sde, 1760, Fach 60

... pres \ GAFF \ gaff_c.ppt

BMW CleanEnergy Seminar

March 19-20, 2002, Sacramento, California

Linde AG, Linde Gas

2002 LINDE

wolf, sde, 1760, Fach 60

... pres \ GAFF \ gaff_c.ppt