Background For An Emerging Management

At the turn of the century, the United States had been fairly settled. The
influx of immigrants had abated somewhat, but with a large and ever
growing market, industry continued to expand. Amalgamation, business and
larger concentration of industry were the order of the day. Mechanization and
invention were bywords of the time, the skills of labor were being replaced
more and more by machines, the tools of the worker now became the tools
of the industry.
With the growing emphasis on output an individual came to the forefront,
responsible for controlling and ordering the factors of the production is the
manager. In this surroundings managers developed as they could. With no
training to guide them, each was left to his own devices. The managers
relations with employees were also muddled. In this economic picture that
prevailed when a young engineer Frederick W Taylor started to develop a
system of management labeled as scientific management

Traditional School: Scientific Management

Traditional or scientific management evolved from the systematic
observations of the things of production- research analysis of shop operation.
Although specific technique as motion study, time study, production planning
and controlling, plant layout, wage incentive, human engineering all
centering on efficiency and production it is nevertheless firmly grounded on
theory. Contributors are:
Frederick W. Taylor
In developing his brand of management, Taylors approach was to study
operation, determining the facts pertaining to the work situation, and from
this observation develops principles. His for principles of scientific
management are legion by now. In his system Taylor favored the use of
exception principles. That Taylor was catalytic in the development of
traditional management school cannot be denied.
The Gilbreths

Closely associated in both work and time with Taylor, the Gilbreths were also
original contributor to the traditional or scientific management school. They
are best known for the development of rules of motion economy, in
particular the basic hand motion which they named therbligs. With this
analytical tool of Gilbreths standard motion sequences could be prescribed.
Other Contributor
Besides Taylor and Gilbreths many other contributed to the development of
this school. Early classical economist as Adam Smith, W .S. Jevons and James
Mill would fall in this camp. Other contributors are Charles Babbage, Boulton
and Watt and Robert Owen, Harrington Emerson Harlow S. Person etc.