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Problem definition

PROBLEM ESSAY

Diagnosis
Proving Causal Links
Problem Action Plans

realize a problem exists and then define it for yourself


by linking the outcome or performance to its root
causesthis is the main work of problem analysis.

6. Action plan

1. Situation

accurate causal analysis

an explanation of the problem

5. Critique of options

2. Questions
3. Hypothesis

Description of process

state-and-prove Model

4. Proof and action

4. Proof of recommended option


3. Decision criteria
2. Decision options

5. Alternatives

1. Recommended decision (position statement)


Extreme

As soon as you encounter a stated decision, you should look for astatement of the
alternatives. If they arent stated, then the first goal of analysis is to come up with
plausible decision option

Success can also be a problem

significant outcome or performance

1. Decision options

alternatives

Middle

no explicit explanation
of the outcome or performance

Extreme

DECISION ESSAY

Low-cost product
Competitive success

Problem definition

Problems

Diagnosis

HOW TO ORGANIZE AN ESSAYS

Elements

Cause-effect analysis

prove-and-state model

Profitability
Productivity

2. Decision criteria

Competitiveness
Variables

Concepts and frameworks

Costs
Time

Actions
3. Critique of other options
Decision options
The analysis should focus on those causes that have the greatest influence or impact
on the problem.

4. Proof of remaining option

Decision criteria

5. Recommended decision

Relevant evidence

6. Action plan
Bottom-line evaluation (position statement)

Options
In other words, strive
for the least number of causes sufficient to account for the principal effects.

Decisions

Criteria
Analysis of options (Positive & Negatives)

Evaluation criteria

TYPES OF CASE SITUATIONS

Actions

CASE ANALYSIS

realized in

EVALUATION ESSAYS

Proof of the evaluation

competitive criteria

Examples

2. Political factors

3. Social factors

requires appropriate criteria.


macroeconomic criteria

Advantages

1. Economic factors

Element

Recommendation

Disadvantages
Disadvantages
Advantages
Advantages
Disadvantages

Qualifications
the circumstances portrayed in the case

Action plan

Positive/Negatives

multipoint scales

How do you solve a problem?

Criteria

positive and negative

How do you implement a decision?

Evaluations

Terms

How do you improve a performance?

Evaluative analysis
effective or ineffective

Bottom-line judgment

Elements

How?

Qualifications [Qualifications state factors that are not part of the evaluation but that have
a significant effect on it.]

Sets goals based on the argument

Action plan

Addresses the actionable content of the argument


Characteristics

WRITE CASE-BASED ESSAY

Actions

Basics in writing an Essays

Consists of specific steps


Has realistic short- and long-term steps
Identifies and responds to the major risk to the plan

The type of information needed in a situation


economic consequences or impact on collaborators.

The appropriate rule to furnish that information


The correct way to apply the rule

advantages or disadvantages.

qualitative`& quantitative

Why?

Rules

Argument (uses evidence to persuade the reader )

Disadvantages & Advantage


compares the positive data to the negative

The data necessary to execute the rule

What?
Expectancy Theory (Victor Vroom)
5 Cs analysis of marketing situations

5 Ps Model of Leadership (Mildred Golden Pryor, J. Christopher White, and


Leslie A.Toombs)
Macroeconomics
Value Chain (Michael Porter)

BASIC CONCEPTS

Position statement (expresses a conclusion)

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