INDIA RURAL

ALL ANALYSIS BASED ON DATA FROM 575 OUT OF 583 DISTRICTS

School enrollment and out of school children

Table 1: % Children in different types of % Out of Chart 1: Trends over time

schools 2009 school % Children out of school by age group and gender 2006-2009
Total
Not in
Age group Govt. Pvt. Other
School

Age: 6 -14 ALL 73.0 21.8 1.2 4.0 100

Age: 7-16 ALL 70.4 22.2 1.1 6.3 100
Age: 7-10 ALL 75.6 20.5 1.3 2.6 100
Age: 7-10 BOYS 74.3 22.1 1.2 2.4 100
Age: 7-10 GIRLS 77.2 18.5 1.4 2.9 100
Age: 11-14 ALL 70.0 23.0 1.0 6.0 100
Age: 11-14 BOYS 69.4 24.4 0.9 5.3 100
Age: 11-14 GIRLS 70.9 21.2 1.1 6.8 100
Age: 15-16 ALL 56.9 24.9 0.8 17.4 100
Age: 15-16 BOYS 57.1 25.3 0.8 16.8 100
Age: 15-16 GIRLS 57.0 24.4 0.8 17.8 100
note : 'OTHER' includes chidren going to madarssa and EGS.
‘NOT IN SCHOOL’ = dropped out + never enrolled.

Chart 2: Trends over time Table 2: Sample description

% Children age 6-14 enrolled in pvt. school 2006-2009 % Children in each class by age 2009

Std. 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Total

I 23.2 46.4 17.2 7.6 5.6 100

II 3.0 13.5 38.6 29.4 6.6 5.3 3.7 100

III 3.5 10.7 42.2 24.6 11.4 2.7 4.9 100

IV 3.8 12.6 34.0 33.1 6.5 6.2 3.9 100

V 5.1 7.6 43.7 22.8 12.3 4.1 4.4 100

VI 3.5 11.9 30.6 36.9 9.4 4.8 2.9 100

VII 5.0 7.2 41.5 28.2 11.6 4.7 1.8 100

VIII 4.1 12.6 36.5 30.7 10.7 5.5 100

How to read the table: In Std III, 78.2% (42.2 + 24.6+11.4) children are in age group
8 to 10.

Young children in pre-school and school

Table 3: % Children who attend Chart 3: Trends over time

different types of pre-school & school 2009 % Children age 3-4 not attending pre-school (ICDS or other)
2006-2009
anywhere

In School
Not going

Total

In balwadi
In LKG/
or
UKG Other
anganwadi Govt. Pvt.
School

Age 3 63.6 7.4 29.0 100.0

Age 4 64.6 16.6 18.8 100.0

Age 5 27.8 8.1 36.5 16.8 1.3 9.5 100.0

Age 6 6.0 3.2 64.7 20.3 1.5 4.3 100.0 Of the villages visited, Anganwadi/Pre-School presence has been recorded in 92.0 %
villages.
INDIA RURAL

Reading in own language

Table 4: Class-wise % children who CAN READ (All Schools) 2009 Reading Tool

Level 1 Level 2
Std. Nothing Letter Word (Std 1 Text) (Std 2 Text) Total

I 31.2 44.6 16.1 4.8 3.3 100

II 11.2 33.6 31.9 14.9 8.4 100
III 5.3 19.4 28.7 26.8 19.8 100
IV 2.6 10.5 19.5 29.8 37.6 100
V 1.8 6.7 13.2 25.5 52.8 100
VI 1.0 3.9 8.1 20.8 66.3 100
VII 0.9 2.8 5.3 15.6 75.4 100
VIII 0.6 1.9 3.4 11.8 82.5 100
Total 7.6 16.8 16.7 18.9 40.1 100
note : Each cell shows the highest level of reading achieved by a child. Thus a child who can
read Std II level text can read letters, words, and Std 1 level text.

Chart 4: Trends over time Chart 5: Trends over time

% Children who CANNOT EVEN IDENTIFY LETTERS % Children who CAN READ Std II level text (in govt schools in
(in govt schools in Std I - IV) 2006-2009 Std IV - VII) 2006-2009

Reading and comprehension in english

Table 5: Class-wise % children who CAN READ Table 6: Class-wise % children who English Tool
ENGLISH (All Schools) 2009 COMPREHEND ENGLISH 2009
Cannot Can read Can read Can read Can read Total Of those who Of those who
read capital small simple easy can read words, can read
Std. Std. % who can tell sentences, % who
capital letters letters words sentences
meaning of the can tell meaning
letters words of the sentences
I 56.2 25.5 10.3 5.7 2.3 100 I 65.0 73.2
II 33.8 31.4 18.5 11.8 4.4 100 II 66.2 74.0
III 21.4 27.0 23.0 20.5 8.1 100 III 66.7 74.7
IV 12.8 21.0 22.0 28.2 15.9 100 IV 67.7 77.7
V 8.5 15.7 19.2 31.0 25.7 100 V 69.9 80.4
VI 4.9 10.5 14.6 31.5 38.5 100 VI 70.0 81.1
VII 3.7 7.6 11.3 28.3 49.1 100 VII 72.0 82.7
VIII 2.7 5.5 8.1 23.4 60.2 100 VIII 73.3 84.7
Total 19.5 19.0 16.3 22.1 23.2 100 Total 69.4 81.4
 INDIA RURAL

Arithmetic
Table 7: Class-wise % children who CAN DO ARITHMETIC Maths Tool
(All Schools) 2009
Recognize Numbers
Std. Nothing Subtract Divide Total
1-9 11-99
I 30.7 44.6 18.7 4.0 2.0 100
II 11.3 34.2 36.9 13.6 4.1 100
III 5.4 20.5 35.1 28.4 10.6 100
IV 2.8 11.8 26.7 34.8 24.0 100
V 1.9 7.5 19.8 32.7 38.0 100
VI 1.2 4.6 14.3 29.7 50.2 100
VII 0.9 3.4 10.8 25.3 59.7 100
VIII 0.6 2.2 7.7 20.8 68.7 100
Total 7.6 17.4 22.1 23.4 29.4 100
note : Each cell shows the highest level of arithmetic achieved by a child. Thus a child who
can do division, can also recognize numbers 1-9, 11-99 and do subtraction.

Chart 6: Trends over time Chart 7: Trends over time

% Children who CANNOT EVEN RECOGNIZE NUMBERS upto 9 % Children who CAN DO DIVISION (in govt schools in Std IV - VII)
(in govt schools in Std I - IV) 2007-2009 2007-2009

Tuition

Table 8: Class-wise % children ATTENDING TUITION classes

by school type 2007 and 2009
Year School I II III IV V VI VII VIII
Govt 12.0 15.7 19.1 21.3 23.3 23.5 24.3 26.1
2007
Pvt. 19.5 23.0 25.0 25.9 26.2 24.1 25.0 24.8
Govt 17.1 20.4 22.2 23.4 25.3 27.6 28.2 30.8
2009
Pvt. 23.3 26.5 28.6 29.8 28.2 26.1 26.4 27.4

NOTE : The ASER survey in 2007 and 2009 recorded information about
tuition. In both years, the question asked was the following: “Does the
child take any paid additional class currently?” Therefore, these
numbers do not include any supplemental help in learning that children
may have received from parents or siblings or from anyone else that
did not require payment.
INDIA RURAL

Learning levels in government and private schools : Trends over time

Chart 8: % Children in Std III who CAN AT LEAST READ Std I Chart 9: % Children in Std V who CAN DO DIVISION.
level text. By school type 2006-2009 By school type 2006-2009

Learning levels by gender : Trends over time

Chart 10: % Boys and girls in Std III who CAN READ AT LEAST Chart 11: % Boys and girls in Std V who CAN DO DIVISION
Std I level text 2007-2009 2007-2009

Education : fathers and children

Table 9: Fathers and children 2009

Of these fathers :
% % % % %
Fathers’ %
Girls Children Children Children Children
Education Fathers
6 to 14 (Std III-V) who (Std III-V) (Std III-V) who (Std IV-VIII)
out of can read level who can do can read attending
school 1 (Std 1 Text) subtraction words or more tuition
or more or more in English
No Schooling 30.2 8.2 56.3 48.9 34.7 20.0
Std I-V 16.2 4.6 62.4 53.4 38.3 24.9
Std VI-VIII 16.7 2.9 65.6 57.0 44.1 27.5
Std IX-X 21.9 1.9 70.1 62.2 50.8 31.4
Above Std X 15.1 1.2 76.3 68.7 58.4 33.1
note : ASER 2009 recorded information about mothers’ education. Similar analyses can be done with mothers
and children.
 INDIA RURAL

School enrollment and attendance : trends over time

Table 10: Total schools visited Table 11: Children attendance 2005 2007 2009 2005 2007 2009

Type of school 2005 2007 2009 Type of school Std I-IV/V Std I-VII/VIII
% Enrolled children attending
Std I-IV/V : Primary 4874 9230 9302 (average) 73.5 73.4 74.2 75.2 75.6 76.6
% Schools with less than 50%
Std I-VII/VIII : Primary + Upper Primary 3432 4836 5258 12.5 12.3 11.4 10.5 11.8 9.3
enrolled children attending
8306 14066 14560 % Schools with 75% or more
Total schools 55.5 53.5 55.0 60.5 60.6 60.8
enrolled children attending

Table 12: Teacher attendance 2005 2007 2009 2005 2007 2009 Table 13: Multigrade classes 2005 2007 2009 2005 2007 2009
Type of school Std I-IV/V Std I-VII/VIII % Of schools in which: Std I-IV/V Std I-VII/VIII
% Teachers attending (average) 80.9 90.9 89.3 78.6 87.3 88.7 Std II class sitting with
another class 54.0 55.9 50.4 53.2
% Schools with no teacher present 4.7 0.2 0.3 3.5 0.2 0.2
Std IV class sitting with
% Schools with all teachers present 57.4 73.7 69.6 38.2 53.7 57.9 another class 47.6 51.0 42.0 43.9

School facilities : trends over time

Table 14: Facilities in school 2005 2007 2009 2005 2007 2009 Table 15: School improvement & construction since April 2008

% Schools with: Std I-IV/V Std I-VII/VIII Std I-IV/V Std I-VII/VIII
School improvement &
No. of % schools No. of % schools
Construction
No facility 21.4 15.7 15.5 16.6 12.9 11.4 schs Yes No schs Yes No
Water

Facility but water not available 11.9 8.8 9.7 11.1 7.2 7.6 Whitewash 8689 67.8 32.2 4901 71.3 28.8
Construction of new
Available 66.7 75.4 74.8 72.3 79.9 81.0 8547 24.8 75.2 4763 31.4 68.6
classroom
Construction of boundary
No facility 39.0 22.3 16.4 22.6 14.0 10.3 8543 21.1 78.9 4746 27.9 72.1
wall
Toilet

Facility but toilet not usable 18.1 17.9 32.0 21.6 16.2 34.7
School Grants
ASER survey was carried out in
Usable 42.9 59.8 51.6 55.8 69.8 55.1 New Rs 2 lacs per
Oct-Nov 2009. One govt school
Midday meal served on day classrooms additional room
70.5 92.5 82.4 74.6 91.6 87.4 with primary grades was visited
of visit Rs. 5000 pa upto 3
in each sampled village. If there
classrooms. Upto
was more than one govt school Maintenance
Table 16: Girls Toilets 2009 Std I-IV/V Std I-VII/VIII Rs 10000 pa for
in a village, then the school with grant
more than 3
No of schools visited 7816 4573 the highest enrollment was classrooms
% Schools with no separate provision visited. Hence the schools
for girls toilets 39.0 25.9
visited in the ASER survey do not Rs. 5000 pa for
Of schools where there are separate girls toilets, % schools where: represent a random sample of Development primary schs & Rs
schools of the district. The grant 7000 pa for upper
Toilet locked 12.0 15.1
primary schs
school visits were generally
Toilet not usable 17.2 19.3
done either on a Saturday or a Rs. 500 pa per
TLM grant
Usable 31.8 39.8 Monday. teacher

School Grants

Table 17: April 2008-March 2009 April 2009-October 2009 Table 18: April 2008-March 2009 April 2009-October 2009
% Primary % Upper primary
Std I-IV/V Std I-IV/V Std I-VII/VIII Std I-VII/VIII
schools receiving schools receiving
different grants No. of Yes No Don’t No. of Yes No Don’t different grants No. of Yes No Don’t No. of Yes No Don’t
schs know schs know schs know schs know
New classroom 7771 21.5 67.3 11.2 6678 12.9 72.6 14.6 New classroom 4397 26.0 66.0 8.0 3738 14.8 74.8 10.4
Maintenance grant 8092 73.1 15.8 11.1 6753 49.0 36.6 14.5 Maintenance grant 4486 78.9 13.4 7.8 3746 57.2 32.6 10.2
Development grant 7671 64.5 23.5 12.0 6550 43.7 41.2 15.1 Development grant 4210 71.5 20.1 8.3 3564 54.3 35.0 10.7
Teacher grant 8022 80.1 12.0 7.9 6720 55.7 33.1 11.2 Teacher grant 4400 84.6 9.9 5.6 3641 62.5 29.6 8.0
(TLM grant) (TLM grant)
Other grants 3903 22.1 62.6 15.2 3437 15.3 67.3 17.4 Other grants 2248 27.7 61.7 10.6 1941 18.1 68.7 13.2
Note : No grant information was available for 905 schools out of 9302 primary schools Note : No grant information was available for 497 schools out of 5258 upper primary
that were visited. This could be because the head teacher was not present, register was schools that were visited. This could be because the head teacher was not present, register
not available or the surveyors could not obtain the information. Therefore, the above was not available or the surveyors could not obtain the information. Therefore, the above
table is based on schools for which information was available for at least one indicator. table is based on schools for which information was available for at least one indicator.
 INDIA RURAL

Performance of states
Anganwadi Out of Private Mothers’
Table 19: or Tuition Std I-II : Learning levels Std III-V : Learning levels
Balwadi school school Reading
% Children % Children % Children % Children % Mothers % Children % Children % Children % Children % Children % Children
(Age 3-4) (Age: 6-14) (Age: 6-14) (Std (Age: 17-55) (Std I-II) (Std I-II) (Std I-II) (Std III-V) (Std III-V) (Std III-V)
States in out in IV-VIII) who who who CAN who CAN who who who CAN
anganwadi of private attending CAN READ CAN READ RECOGNIZE READ CAN READ CAN DO READ
or school school tuition letters, NUMBERS LETTERS or Level 1 SUBTRACTION sentences
pre-school classes words or 1 to 9 more in (Std 1 Text) or more in ENGLISH
more or more ENGLISH or more
Andhra Pradesh 84.8 6.2 29.4 26.7 53.2 82.9 85.1 70.6 66.2 63.8 26.3
Arunachal Pradesh* 40.6 3.4 10.1 17.7 56.1 97.8 98.2 95.4 75.5 89.8 53.2
Assam* 73.8 4.3 14.5 23.3 72.6 76.5 78.7 46.5 58.4 50.4 14.8
Bihar 67.9 4.0 5.0 54.0 39.5 71.0 72.2 47.8 62.1 63.7 18.2
Chhattisgarh* 88.5 3.3 9.4 4.0 43.9 90.0 90.0 61.3 73.4 66.8 10.5
Dadra and Nagar Haveli 94.0 2.1 3.5 14.7 71.7 98.5 96.4 38.4 81.2 69.7 11.8
Daman and Diu 93.1 0.7 34.9 41.2 89.2 90.1 90.5 53.2 67.8 59.2 24.4
Goa 91.2 0.2 55.8 52.2 92.0 97.4 98.7 88.7 95.8 91.6 65.8
Gujarat 95.3 4.3 10.2 12.0 65.2 75.8 75.4 31.8 57.3 41.1 5.0
Haryana 71.9 3.1 40.9 20.5 66.3 85.2 85.8 76.3 70.2 67.9 32.1
Himachal Pradesh 93.8 0.7 22.0 11.7 85.8 91.5 92.1 82.5 82.4 81.8 43.4
Jammu & Kashmir 45.5 1.8 32.0 21.3 63.4 85.4 85.8 80.2 48.6 45.7 30.6
Jharkhand* 72.5 5.4 10.0 31.1 50.7 77.1 77.2 55.9 57.5 51.3 10.6
Karnataka 92.1 3.2 16.8 10.1 56.9 85.7 83.3 45.7 64.0 46.0 10.3
Kerala 85.9 0.1 51.5 40.6 97.5 96.7 96.0 88.2 83.0 75.5 42.4
Madhya Pradesh 86.5 2.3 14.8 14.5 40.0 95.4 94.4 70.8 87.5 81.9 18.5
Maharashtra 95.7 1.0 28.2 12.6 76.1 93.0 93.3 52.1 86.8 73.7 18.5
Manipur 71.1 1.1 71.5 41.6 80.6 97.9 97.7 96.3 77.3 81.5 58.6
Meghalaya 57.1 3.8 30.7 20.8 62.1 90.3 91.2 86.3 59.6 61.5 37.2
Mizoram 88.8 1.3 17.9 11.8 87.4 91.3 91.7 87.8 73.5 79.3 42.2
Nagaland 57.5 2.4 35.3 25.2 75.6 96.5 98.2 95.9 69.0 73.1 44.3
Orissa 82.3 6.3 4.4 54.1 61.3 88.9 87.1 44.2 69.5 64.4 17.4
Puducherry 99.1 0.5 21.2 43.9 72.6 86.2 89.8 82.1 59.2 60.0 17.8
Punjab 80.3 5.4 30.3 26.5 70.6 90.8 87.8 75.7 71.9 70.0 24.4
Rajasthan 64.0 6.6 30.4 10.2 37.7 71.3 71.3 48.7 55.9 47.5 10.7
Sikkim 79.9 2.3 28.3 37.2 65.0 95.5 97.4 94.0 78.9 77.8 60.9
Tamil Nadu 92.6 0.9 19.7 24.0 66.6 62.4 70.0 57.5 53.0 39.7 14.9
Tripura 75.6 1.9 4.3 76.0 72.4 92.7 94.9 83.2 52.1 58.1 17.9
Uttarakhand 84.2 1.4 24.7 12.8 72.2 83.9 82.7 69.4 73.8 62.2 23.2
Uttar Pradesh 53.5 4.9 35.8 13.0 33.4 68.0 66.3 45.6 48.6 35.7 8.9
West Bengal 73.0 5.7 6.5 79.9 63.5 84.0 87.2 65.3 67.6 60.0 19.6
Total^ 76.3 4.0 21.8 26.9 55.2 78.5 78.7 54.6 64.2 56.3 16.7

* Arunachal Pradesh data available for 8 out of 13 districts. Assam data available for 22 out of 23 districts. Chhattisgarh data available for 15 out of 16 districts. Jharkhand data available
for 21 out of 22 districts.

^ India estimate based on survey done in 575 districts including 9 districts with incomplete data.