AP Physics: Semester 1 Review

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Chapter 2
2.1) While descending at a constant speed of 1.0 m/s, a scuba diver releases a
cork, which accelerates upward at 3.0 m/s2. What is the divers depth when the
cork reaches the surface 2.0 s later?
2.2) Rocket-powered sleds are used to test the responses of humans to
acceleration. Starting from rest, one sled can reach a speed of 444 m/s in 1.80 s
and can be brought to a stop again in 2.15 s.
a) Calculate the acceleration of the sled when starting, and compare it to the
magnitude of the acceleration due to gravity, 9.80 m/s2.
b) Find the acceleration of the sled when braking and compare it to the magnitude
of the acceleration due to gravity.
2.3) The driver of a car going 90.0 km/h suddenly sees the lights of a barrier 40.0
m ahead. It takes the driver 0.75 s to apply the brakes, and the average
acceleration during braking is 10.0 m/s2.
a) Determine whether the car hits the barrier.
b) What is the maximum speed at which the car could be moving and not hit the
barrier 40.0 m ahead? Assume that the acceleration rate doesnt change.
2.4) A weather balloon is floating at a constant height above Earth when it releases
a pack of instruments.
a) If the pack hits the ground with a velocity of 73.5 m/s, how far did the pack fall?
b) How long did it take for the pack to fall?
2.5) You take a running leap off a high-diving platform. You were running at 2.8
m/s and hit the water 2.6 s later.
a) How high was the platform?
b) How far from the edge of the platform did you hit the water? Neglect air
resistance.
2.6) The engine of a toy rocket supplies an average acceleration of 38.0 m/s 2 to the
rocket for an interval of 0.80 seconds.
a) If the toy rocket is launched vertically, how high does it rise in this interval?
b) How fast is the rocket moving at the end of 0.80 s?
c) What maximum altitude does the rocket reach before falling back to Earth?
d) How long does it take the rocket to reach this altitude?
Chapter 3
3.1) On a backpacking trip, your group hikes 8.0 km N, 9.0 km W and 1.5 km S.
a) How far are you from your original position?
b) What direction do you need to travel to return to your starting position?

3.2) A plane flies west at 80.0 mph relative to a wind moving at 30.0 mph from the
southeast. What is the speed and direction of the plane relative to the ground?

3.3) A 3.0 kg mass has two forces applied to it. A 10.7 N force is applied north, and
a 6.2 N force is applied east. How fast is the mass moving after 5.0 seconds
assuming there is no friction?
3.4) A plane flies in a wind that is moving 45.0 mph in a direction 40 N of W. What
course and speed should the pilot set if he wants to travel due north at 120 mph?
3.5) A ball is thrown at a 35.0 angle with a speed of 52.5 m/s.
a) For how long is the football in the air?
b) How high does it get?
c) How far does it land from where its kicked?
3.6) A man throws a baseball at 42.0 m/s at a 39.0 angle. What is the velocity of
the ball 2.00 seconds after he releases it?
3.7) A diver jumps horizontally off a cliff 18.5 m high and lands in the water 4.20 m
from the base of the cliff. What is the divers horizontal speed when he jumps?
3.8) A man attempts to throw a ball at a target on the ground
below with some initial horizontal velocity. His line of sight to the
target is 41 below the horizontal. The target is 89 m away from
the man (along a straight line). With what speed must he throw
the ball to hit the target?
3.9) At what angle(s) should a cannonball be fired, if launched at a speed of 89.0
m/s, to hit a target 352 m away?
3.10) A projectile is launched with a velocity of 42.0 m/s at an angle 38.0 north of
the horizontal from an elevation of 28.6 m above the ground below.
a) How long is it in the air before it reaches the ground below (time, not distance)?
b) How far does it land from the base of the elevation?
Chapter 4
4.1) If a block of ice slides down a 14 incline at constant speed, what is the
coefficient of kinetic friction?
4.2) A 38 kg block of ice is pulled up an elevation of 29. Assuming
that the friction is negligible, what force must be exerted to raise the
block at a constant speed?
4.3) A car with a velocity of +27 m/s slows down at a rate of 8.5 m/s2 to a stop in
a distance of 43 m on a dry road. The same car traveling at +27 m/s slows down
at a rate of 6.5 m/s2 to a stop on a wet road.
a) How much farther does the car travel on the wet road before coming to a stop?
b) What maximum car speed will allow the car traveling on the wet road to stop in
a distance of 43 m?

4.4) A 4.3 kg and an 7.4 kg mass hang over a pulley attached by a string.
a) At what rate will the two masses accelerate?
b) What is the tension in the rope?
4.5) A 0.23 kg tennis ball is dropped and it accelerates at a rate of 7.3
m/s2. What force does air resistance exert?
4.6) A 25.0 kg box is held at rest up against a wall with a force applied
at an angle 45.0 above the horizontal. If the coefficient of static friction
is 0.8, what minimum force is necessary to support the box?
4.7) At the local park, a 28 kg boy slides down a slide. The angle of the
slide is 38 with the ground. If the coefficient of kinetic friction is k = 0.35, what is
the boys acceleration?
4.8) On the moon, the acceleration due to gravity is 1.62 m/s2. What minimum
force would be required to start a 327 kg steel storage bin in motion thats resting
on the steel floor of the lunar shuttle?
4.9) A 1170 kg car is driving at 24.0 m/s on a snowy road. The driver sees a deer
on the road ahead, slams on the brakes and skids to a stop. It takes 143 m to
come to a stop. What is the coefficient of friction between the road and tire?
(Hint: Find the acceleration of the car while it stopping. Use that to find the force
of friction with F = ma.)
4.10) A steel cable holds a platform that has a mass of 255 kg. The
maximum tension the cable can support is 13,200 N. When the platform
moves up or down, it undergoes an acceleration of 1.80 m/s2.
a) If 873 kg of men and equipment use the elevator, are they exceeding
the safety limit on a trip to the top of the building?
b) How much mass can the platform safely hold?
4.11) A hockey puck on a frozen pond is hit and given an initial speed of 20.0 m/s.
If the puck always remains on the ice and slides a distance of 120 m before coming
to rest, determine the coefficient of kinetic friction between the puck and the ice.
4.12) A rope is used to raise 158 kg of tools and supplies up to a platform. The
rope is only designed to withstand a 2780 N tension force. Whats the largest
acceleration the rope could provide to the supplies before snapping?
4.13) A car accelerates at a rate of 2.50 m/s2. At what angle would a fuzzy die
suspended from the mirror hang from the vertical?
4.14) A man stands on a spring scale in a stationary elevator and the scale
reads 706 N. If the elevator attains a velocity of 1.2 m/s in 0.8 s, what does
the scale read while the elevator is accelerating upwards?

4.15) A 0.140 kg baseball traveling at 45.0 m/s strikes the catchers mitt. This
causes the mitt to move backwards 11.0 cm. What was the average force applied
by the ball on the glove?
4.16) A passenger of an elevator of mass 78.0 kg is standing on a scale which at
one point reads 87.0 kg while riding the elevator. What is his acceleration
(magnitude and direction) at this point?
4.17) A person stands on a bathroom scale in a motionless elevator. When the
elevator begins to move, the scale briefly reads only 0.75 of the persons regular
weight. Calculate the acceleration of the elevator, and find the direction of the
acceleration.
4.18) A force of 40.0 N is required to start a 5.0 kg box moving across a horizontal
concrete floor.
a) What is the coefficient of static friction between the box and the floor?
b) If the 40.0 N force continues, the box accelerates at 0.70 m/s2. What is the
coefficient of kinetic friction?
4.19) A 325 N trunk is on an incline of 24.7, and the coefficient of
kinetic friction between the surfaces is 0.327. What force must be
exerted by the man with the rope to lower it down at a constant
speed?
4.20) A 72 kg mass is released on a 52 incline. It takes 3.2 s to reach a speed of
10.8 m/s. What is the coefficient of kinetic friction?
4.21) Two men suspend a large crate at rest with ropes. The ropes
angles of 62.0 and 43.0 with the horizontal.
a) If the first man is exerting 275 N of force, what force is the second
man exerting?
b) What is the mass of the crate?

form

4.22) A 2.5-kg block slides down a 25 inclined plane with constant acceleration.
The block starts from rest at the top. At the bottom, its velocity is 0.65 m/s. The
incline is 1.6 m long.
a) What is the acceleration of the block?
b) What is the coefficient of friction?
4.23) If the tension in rope one is 233 N and the tension in rope two
422 N, what is the mass of the hanging object?
4.24) A hammock is hung between two trees. The ropes supporting
the hammock form 45 and 78 angles with the horizontal (see the
picture). If the tension in the left rope is 28 N, what is the tension
in the right rope?

is

4.25) Astronauts land on a new planet. On this planet, a 10.0 kg mass falls to the
ground from a height of 2.00 m in 0.457 seconds. How much does the mass weigh
on this planet?

4.26) A bulldozer drags a log weighing 500

N along a rough surface. The cable
attached to the log makes an angle of 30.0 with the ground. The coefficient of
static friction between the log and the ground is 0.500. What minimum tension is
required in the cable in order for the log to begin to move?
4.27) During the investigation of a traffic accident, police find skid marks 90.0 m
long. They determine the coefficient of friction between the cars tires and the
roadway to be 0.500 for the prevailing conditions. Estimate the speed of the car
when the brakes were applied.
4.28) Two boxes of masses m and 2m are connected by a rope. If the
forward force on the more massive box is F, what is the tension
in the connecting rope?
Chapter 5
5.1) A stone of mass m is attached to a string and whirled in a vertical circle of
radius r. At the exact bottom of the path the tension in the string is 3 times the
stones weight. Write an expression for the stones speed at this point.
5.2) A clown rides a small car at a speed of 15 km/h along a circular path with a
radius of 3.5 m.
a) What is the magnitude of the centripetal force on a 0.18-kg ball held by the
clown?
b) At the point where the car is headed due north, the clown throws the ball
vertically upward with a speed of 5.0 m/s relative to the moving car. Where must a
second clown be to catch the ball the same distance above the ground as it was
thrown?
5.3) A point on a wheel rotating at 5.00 rev/s is located 0.200 m from the axis.
What is the centripetal acceleration?
5.4) A motorcycle has a mass of 250.0 kg. It goes around a 13.7 m radius turn at
96.5 km/h. What is the centripetal force on the motorcycle?
5.5) The coefficient of static friction between rubber and concrete is
0.800. An 825 kg truck is making a turn along a circular path of
radius 8.30 m.
a) If the truck makes the turn at 6.25 m/s, what is the centripetal
force acting on the truck?
b) How fast can the truck make the turn before slipping?

s =

5.6) A pilot makes an outside vertical loop (in which the center of the loop is
beneath him) of radius 3200.0 m. At the top of the loop he is pushing down on his
seat with only one-half of his normal weight. How fast is he going?

5.7) What is the gravitational force on a 70.0 kg person standing on the Earth, due
to the Moon?
5.8) The radius of the Earth is r. At what distance above the Earths surface will
the acceleration of gravity be 4.9 m/s2?
5.9a) What would the speed of a satellite just above the Earths orbit be
(neglecting air resistance)? b) How long would it take the satellite to orbit Earth?
5.10) Europa, a moon of Jupiter, has an orbital diameter of 1.34 109 m, and a
period of 3.55 days. What is the mass of Jupiter?
5.11) Jupiter is 7.78 1011 m from the Sun. How long does it take for Jupiter to
orbit the Sun once?
5.12) An asteroid orbits the sun once every 4.00 years. How far is the asteroid
from the sun, measured in AU?
5.13) What minimum speed must a roller coaster car have at the top of
a circular loop of radius 8.5 m in order to keep the rider pressed into his
seat?
Chapter 6
6.1) A 500 kg elevator is pulled upward with a constant force of 5500 N for a
distance of 50.0 m. What is the net work done on the elevator?
6.2) A 30 N box is pulled 6.0 m up a 37 inclined plane. What is the work done by
gravity on the box?
6.3) Matthew pulls his sister Sarah in a sled on an icy (frictionless) surface, with a
force of 60.0 N at an angle of 37.0 above the horizontal. If he pulls her a distance
of 12.0 m, what is the work done by Matthew?
6.4) A horizontal force of 2.0 102 N is applied to move a 55 kg cart (initially at
rest) across a 10. m level surface. What is the final speed of the cart?
6.5) A 1575 kg car moving 25.0 m/s skids to a stop. How much work is done in
stopping the car? How far does it skid on dry concrete before stopping?
6.6) An 8.00 kg mass, hung on a spring, causes the spring to stretch 2.00 cm.
What is the spring constant?
6.7) The spring from the previous problem is compressed by a distance of 3.0 cm
by the 8.0 kg mass. What speed will the mass have after the spring is released?

6.8) An object slides down a frictionless inclined plane. At the bottom, it has a
speed of 9.80 m/s. What is the vertical height of the plane?
6.9) Tarzan runs with a speed of 6.00 m/s and grabs onto a vine 5.00 m long and
swings. How large of an angle does the rope make with the vertical when hes at
his highest point?
6.10) Two baseballs fly straight up in the air and one ball gets three times as high
as the other. How much faster was the faster ball thrown?
6.11) A roller coaster designer wants to triple the speed of the roller coaster at the
bottom of the first drop. How much greater does he need to make the height of
the hill?
6.12) A 4.6 kg cart is pushed along a level surface and begins moving with
a speed of 6.7 m/s. It eventually reaches a hill, which it begins rolling up.
The cart stops after it rises to only a height of 1.9 m. How much
energy is lost to heat and sound?
6.13) A 305 kg roller coaster starts at a height of 51.0 m. It travels down
its initial drop and into a loop. If the height of the peak of the loop
is half the initial height of the coaster, how fast is it moving when
its at the top of the loop?
6.14) A 5.00 kg ball is released at rest from the top
of the track shown to the right. How fast is it
moving at points 2 & 3?

1.50 m
1.10 m
0.300
m

6.15) A lamp is on for 85 hours a month. How much money is saved if the
homeowners switch to a 45 Watt light bulb from a 100 Watt light bulb if the electric
company charges $0.11 per kilowatt-hour?
6.16) A 3.0 kg mass rests atop an incline of height 1.75 m.
pressed up against a spring which is displaced 8.5 cm and
the spring constant is k = 675 N/m. If the whole track is
frictionless, how fast will the mass be moving when it is on
top of the next elevation of height 1.23 m?

The mass is

6.17) A man throws a ball off the top of a 75 m building with a speed of 31 m/s.
How fast is it moving when it hits the ground below?
6.18) What is the fastest a 45 hp motor could raise a 1575 pound elevator?
6.19) A 30.0 N stone is dropped from a height of 10.0 m and strikes the ground
with a velocity of 7.00 m/s. What is the average force of air friction as it falls?

6.20) At what rate is a 60.0 kg boy using energy when he runs up a flight of stairs
10.0 m high in 8.00 s?
6.21) A 1500 kg car accelerates from 0 to 25m/s in 7.0 s. What is the average
power delivered by the engine?
6.22) A 9.6 kg mass is compressed by a length of 1.4 m up against a spring with
constant k = 85 N/m. When the mass is released, it
travels only 0.93 m past the equilibrium point before
coming to a stop. Determine the coefficient of kinetic
friction, , between the mass and the surface.
Chapter 7
7.1) A ball of mass 0.10 kg is dropped from a height of 12 m. What is its
momentum when it strikes the ground?
7.2) A 50. kg pitching machine (excluding the ball) is placed on a frozen pond. The
machine fires a 0.40 kg baseball with a speed of 35 m/s in the horizontal direction.
What is the recoil speed of the pitching machine? (Assume negligible friction.)
7.3) A 32 kg ball is traveling at 12.0 m/s. It strikes a wall and bounces off with a
speed of 8.0 m/s. What is the magnitude of the impulse imparted on the ball by
the wall?
7.4) A 0.730 kg ball traveling at 6.0 m/s collides head-on with a 1.00 kg ball
moving in the opposite direction with a velocity of 12 m/s. The 0.730 kg ball
moves away at 11 m/s after the collision. Find the velocity of the second ball.
7.5) What percent of the kinetic energy is lost in the previous problem?
7.6) A constant 9.0 N force acts for 2.0 s on a 6.0 kg object. What is the objects
change in velocity?
m/s. You hit the ball back along the
7.7) A 2.0 kg softball is pitched to you at 20
same path, and at the same speed. If the bat was in contact with the ball for 0.10
s, what is the magnitude of the average force the bat exerted?

7.8) A pallet (of negligible mass) is loaded with crates as pictured to

the right. Each crate is a cube with 1.40 foot sides, and they are all
of equal mass. Find the center of mass in the horizontal plane
relative to point P.
7.9) A bullet of mass 5.20 g is fired into a wood block of mass 2.10 kg.
If the block and mass rise a height of 4.70 cm, what was the initial
velocity of the bullet before striking the block?

 gram ball moving 10

m/s collides head on with a stationary ball of
7.10) A 50

mass 100
g. The collision is elastic. What is the speed of each ball immediately
after the collision?
7.11) A 2.0 kg mass moves with a speed of 5.0 m/s. It collides head on with a 3.0
kg mass at rest. If the collision is perfectly inelastic, what is the speed of the
masses after the collision?
7.12) A 3.0 kg mass is positioned at (0, 8.0), and a 1.0 kg mass is positioned at
(12, 0). What are the coordinates of a 4.0 kg mass which will result in the center of
mass of the system of the three masses being located at the origin?
Chapter 8
8.1) What arc length does the Earth travel in a three month period in its nearly
circular orbit about the Sun?
8.2) A bicycle wheel rotates uniformly through 2.0 revolutions in 4.0 s. What is the
frequency of the wheels rotation?
8.3) A phonograph record rotates at 45 rpm. Through what angle does it turn in
0.20 s?
8.4) A bicycle wheel rotates uniformly through 2.0 revolutions in 4.0 s. What is the
average angular speed of the wheel?
8.5) A cable car at a ski resort carries skiers a distance of 6.8 km. The cable which
moves the car is driven by a pulley with diameter 3.0 m. Assuming no slippage,
how fast must the pulley rotate for the cable car to make the trip in 12 minutes?
8.6) What is the centripetal acceleration of a point on the perimeter of a bicycle
wheel of diameter 70.0 cm when the bike is moving 8.00 m/s?
8.7) A 0.300 kg mass, attached to the end of a 0.750 m string, is whirled around in
a smooth level table. If the maximum tension that the string can withstand is 250
N, then what maximum linear speed can the mass have if the string is not to
break?
8.8) A wheel accelerates with a constant angular acceleration of 4.5 rad/s2. If the
initial angular velocity is 1.0 rad/s, what is the angle the wheel rotates through in
2.0 s?
8.9) The latitude of Chicago is 42.0 above the equator. Find the
angular and linear speed of someone in Chicago due to Earths rotation
in rad/s and m/s.

8.10) A Ferris wheel rotating at 20 rad/s decelerates with a constant angular

acceleration of 5.0 rad/s2. How many revolutions does it rotate before coming to
rest?
8.11) A wheel of diameter 68.0 cm slows down uniformly from 8.40 m/s to rest
over a distance of 115 m. What is the angular acceleration?
8.12) The bolts on a car wheel require tightening to a torque of 90 Nm. If a 30 cm
long wrench is used, what is the magnitude of the force required when the force
applied is 53 to the wrench?
8.13) A wheel with moment of inertia is 3.00 kgm2 has a net torque of 3.50 Nm
applied to it. What angular acceleration does it experience?
8.14) A solid cylinder of mass 10 kg is pivoted about a frictionless axis
through the center. A rope wrapped around the radius R1 = 1.0 m,
exerts a force of F1 = 5.0 N to the right. A second rope wrapped
around another section of radius R2 = 0.50 m exerts a force of F2 =
6.0 N downward. What is the angular acceleration of the cylinder?
8.15) How many radians does the cylinder from the previous problem rotate
through in the first 5.0 seconds, if it starts from rest?
8.16) A 4.00 m long rod is hinged at one end. The rod is initially held in the
horizontal position, and then released as the free end is allowed to fall. What is the
angular acceleration as it is released?
8.17) Consider a bicycle wheel to be a ring of radius 30 cm and mass 1.5 kg.
Neglect the mass of the axle and sprocket. If a force of 20 N is applied tangentially
to a sprocket of radius 4.0 cm for 4.0 s, what linear speed does the wheel achieve,
assuming it rolls without slipping?
8.18) A solid sphere of mass 1.0 kg and radius 0.010 m starts from rest and rolls
without slipping down a 1.0 m high inclined plane. What is the speed of the sphere
when it reaches the bottom of the inclined plane?
8.19) A hoop of radius 0.50 m and a mass of 0.20 kg is released from rest and
allowed to roll down an inclined plane. How fast is it moving after dropping a
vertical distance of 3.0 m?
8.20) An ice skater has a moment of inertia of 5.0 kgm2 when her arms are
outstretched. At this time she is spinning at 3.0 revolutions per second (rps). If
she pulls in her arms and decreases her moment of inertia to 2.0 kgm2, how fast
will she be spinning?
8.21) A wheel of moment of inertia of 5.00 kgm2 starts from rest and accelerates
under a constant torque of 3.00 Nm for 8.00 s. What is the wheels rotational
kinetic energy at the end of 8.00 s?

Chapter 9
9.1) A boy and a girl are balanced on a massless seesaw. The boy has a mass of
75 kg and the girls mass is 50 kg. If the boy sits 2.0 m from the pivot point on one
side of the seesaw, where must the girl sit on the other side?
9.2) A 10 m uniform beam of weight 100 N is supported by two ropes at the ends.
If a 400 N person sits at 2.0 m from the left end of the beam, what is the tension in
the left and right rope?
9.3) A 500 N person stands on a uniform board of weight 100 N and length 8.0 m.
The board is supported at each end. If the support force at the right end is three
times that at the left end, how far from the right end is the person?
9.4) Two scales are separated by 2.00 m, and a plank of mass 4.00 kg is placed
between them. Each scale is observed to read 2.00 kg. A person now lies on the
plank, after which the right scale reads 30.0 kg and the left reads 50.0 kg. How far
from the right scale is the persons center of gravity located?
9.5) A passenger van has an outer wheel base width of 2.00 m. Its center of
gravity is equidistant from the sides, and positioned 1.20 m above the ground.
What is the maximum sideways angle at which it can be inclined without tipping
over?
Chapter 10
10.1) A brick weighs 50.0 N, and measures 30.0 cm 10.0 cm 4.00 cm. What is
the maximum pressure it can exert on a horizontal surface?
10.2) How much pressure (absolute) must a submarine withstand at a depth of
120.0 m in the ocean?
10.3) A circular window of 30 cm diameter in a submarine can withstand a
maximum force of 5.20 105 N. What is the maximum depth in a lake the
submarine can go without damaging the window?
10.4) What is the gauge pressure if the absolute pressure is 300 kPa?
10.5) At a depth 15.0 m below the surface of the sea, what is the gauge pressure?
What is the absolute pressure?
10.6) In a hydraulic garage lift, the small piston has a radius of 5.0 cm and the
large piston has a radius of 15 cm. What force must be applied on the small piston
in order to lift a car weighing 20,000 N on the large piston?
10.7) A 4.00 kg cylinder of iron (SG = 7.86) is supported by a string while
submerged in water. What is the tension in the string?

10.8) An object weighs 7.84 N when it is in air and 6.86 N when it is immersed in
water. What is the specific gravity of the object?
10.9) A container of water is placed on a scale, and the scale reads 120 g. Now a
20 g piece of copper is suspended from a thread and lowered into the water, not
touching the bottom of the container. What will the scale now read?
10.10) A cylindrical rod of length 12 cm and diameter 2.0 cm will just barely float in
water. What is its mass?
10.11) A rectangular box of negligible mass measures 5.0 m long, 1.0 m wide, and
0.50 m high. How many kilograms of mass can be loaded onto the box before it
sinks in a lake?
10.12) A 1.0 m3 object floats in water with 20% of it above the waterline. What
does the object weight out of the water?
10.13) A solid object floats in water with three-fourths of its volume beneath the
surface. What is the objects density?
10.14) A polar bear of mass 200 kg stands on an ice floe 100 cm thick. What is the
minimum area of the floe that will just support the bear in saltwater of specific
gravity 1.03? The specific gravity of ice is 0.98.
10.15) Liquid flows through a pipe of diameter 3.0 cm at 2.0 m/s. Find the volume
flow rate.
10.16) Liquid flows through a 4.0 cm diameter pipe at 1.0 m/s. There is a 2.0 cm
diameter restriction in the line. What is the velocity in this restriction?
10.17) Water flows at 12 m/s in a horizontal pipe with a pressure of 3.0 104 N/m2.
If the pipe widens to twice its original radius, what is the pressure in the wider
section?
10.18) How much pressure does it take for a pump to supply a drinking fountain
with 300 kPa, if the fountain is 30.0 m above the pump?

Chapter 11
11.1) A mass is attached to a spring of spring constant 60 N/m along a horizontal,
frictionless surface. The spring is initially stretched by a force of 5.0 N on the mass
and let go. It takes the mass 0.50 s to go back to its equilibrium position when it is
oscillating. What is the amplitude?
11.2) A mass is attached to a spring of spring constant 60 N/m along a horizontal,
frictionless surface. The spring is initially stretched by a force of 5.0 N on the mass
and let go. It takes the mass 0.50 s to go back to its equilibrium position when it is
oscillating. What is the period of oscillation? What is the frequency of oscillation?
11.3) A 0.50-kg mass is attached to a spring of spring constant 20 N/m along a
horizontal, frictionless surface. The object oscillates in simple harmonic motion
and has a speed of 1.5 m/s at the equilibrium position. What is the amplitude of
vibration?
11.4) A 0.50-kg mass is attached to a spring of spring constant 20 N/m along a
horizontal, frictionless surface. The object oscillates in simple harmonic motion
and has a speed of 1.5 m/s at the equilibrium position. At what location are the
kinetic energy and the potential energy the same?
11.5) A mass is attached to a spring. It oscillates at a frequency of 1.27 Hz when
displaced a distance of 2.0 cm from equilibrium and released. What is the
maximum velocity attained by the mass?
11.6) A 0.30-kg mass is suspended on a spring. In equilibrium the mass stretches
the spring 2.0 cm downward. The mass is then pulled an additional distance of 1.0
cm down and released from rest. Calculate the total energy of the system.
11.7) An object in simple harmonic motion obeys the following position versus time

equation y=(0.50 m) sin t . What is the period of vibration?

2

( )

11.8) The pendulum of a grandfather clock is 1.0 m long. What is its period on the
Moon where the acceleration due to gravity is only 1.7 m/s2?
11.9) A wave whose wavelength is 0.500 m is traveling down a 500.0 m long wire
whose total mass is 25.0 kg. The wire is under a tension of 2000.0 N.
(a) Determine the velocity of the wave on the wire.
(b) Determine the frequency of this wave.
11.10) A stretched string is observed to have four equal segments in a standing
wave driven at a frequency of 480 Hz. What driving frequency will set up a
standing wave with five equal segments?

11.11) A string of linear density 1.5 g/m is under a tension of 20 N. What should its
length be if its fundamental resonance frequency is 220 Hz?

AP Physics Semester 1 Review

2.1) 6.0 m
2.2a) 247 m/s2; 25.2 g
2.2b) 207 m/s2; 21.1g
m, yes it hits
2.3a) 50
the barrier.
2.3b) 22 m/s
2.4a) 276 m
2.4b) 7.50 s
2.5a) 33 m high
2.5b) 7.3 m
2.6a) 12 m
m/s
2.6b) 30
2.6c) 58 m
2.6d) 3.9 s
3.1a) 11.1 km
3.2b) 54.2 E of S
3.2) 103.4 mph @ 11.8 N
of W
3.3) 21 m/s
3.4) 97.4 mph @ 20.7 E
of N
3.5a) 6.15 s
3.5b) 46.3 m
3.5c) 264 m
3.6) 33.3 m/s, 11.8 above
the horizontal
3.7) 2.16 m/s
3.8) 19 m/s
3.9) 12.9 or 77.1
3.10a) 6.22 s
3.10b) 206 m
4.1) = 0.25
0 N
4.2) 18
4.3a)
56 m 43 m = 13 m
4.3b) 24 m/s
4.4a) 2.6 m/s2
4.4b) 53 N
4.5) 0.58 N
4.6) F = 192 N
4.7) 3.3 m/s2
4.8) F > 371 N
4.9) = 0.21

4.10a) No, the tension is

13084.8 N.
4.10b) 1140 kg
4.11) = 0.17
4.12) a 7.79 m/s2
upwards
4.13) 14.3
4.14) 8.1 102 N
4.15) 1.29 103 N
4.16) 1.13 m/s2
4.17) 2.5 m/s2 downward
4.18a) s = 0.82
4.18b) k = 0.74
4.19) 39.3 N
4.20) = 0.72
4.21a) 177 N
4.21b) 37.1 kg
4.22a) 0.13 m/s2
4.22b) = 0.45
4.23) 47.3 kg
4.24) 95 N
4.25) 192 N
4.26) 224 N
4.27) 29.7 m/s
4.28) F/3
5.1) 2 gr
5.2a) 0.89 N
5.2b) 4.3 m north of the
release point
5.3) 198 m/s2
5.4) 1.31 104 N
5.5a) 3.88 103 N
5.5b) 8.07 m/s
5.6) 125 m/s
5.7) 0.0024 N
5.8) 0.41r
5.9a) 7.9 km/s
5.9b) 85 min
5.10) 1.89 1027 kg
5.11) 11.8 years
5.12) 2.52 AU
5.13) 9.1 m/s
6.1) 30000 J
6.2) 1.1 102 J

6.3) 575 J
6.4) 8.5 m/s
6.5) 4.92105 J, 39.9 m
6.6) 3.92 103 N/m2
6.7) 0.66 m/s
6.8) 4.9 m
6.9) 50.8
6.10) 3 times faster
6.11) 9 times higher
6.12) 18 J
6.13) 22.4 m/s
6.14) 4.85 m/s & 2.80 m/s
6.15) $0.51
6.16) 3.4 m/s
6.17) 49 m/s
6.18) 4.8 m/s
6.19) 22.5 N
6.20) 735 W
hp
6.21) 90
6.22) 0.22
7.1) 1.5 kgm/s
7.2) 0.28 m/s
7.3) 6.4 102 Ns
7.4) 0.41 m/s
7.5) 48.0% lost
7.6) 3.0 m/s
7.7) 8.0 102 N
7.8) 1.66 feet E & 2.71
feet N of point P
7.9) 389 m/s
7.10) 3.3 m/s and 6.7
m/s
7.11) 2.0 m/s
7.12) (3.0, 6.0)
8.1) 2.4 1011 m
8.2) 0.50 Hz
8.3) 54
8.4) 3.1 rad/s
8.5) 60 rpm
8.6) 183 m/s2
8.7) 25.0 m/s
8.8) 11 radians
8.9) 7.27 105 rad/s &
345 m/s

8.10)
8.11)
8.12)
8.13)
8.14)
8.15)
8.16)
8.17)
8.18)
8.19)
8.20)
8.21)
9.1)
9.2)
9.3)
9.4)

6.4 revolutions
0.90 rad/s2
0 N
38
1.17 rad/s2
0.40 rad/s2
5.0 rad
3.68 rad/s2
7.1 m/s
3.7 m/s
5.4 m/s
7.5 rps
57.6 J

3.0 m
370 N & 130 N
1.6 m
1.26 m

9.5) 39.8
10.1) 12.5 kPa
10.2) 1310 kPa
10.3) 750 m
10.4) 199 kPa
10.5) 1.51 105 N/m2 &
2.52 105 N/m2
10.6) 2.2 103 N
10.7) 34.2 N
10.8) 8.0
10.9) 122 g
10.10) 38 g
10.11) 2.5 103 kg
10.12) 7,840 N
10.13) 750 kg/m3
10.14) 4.0 m2
10.15) 1.4 103 m3/s
10.16) 4.0 m/s

10.17) 9.8 104 N/m2

10.18) 594 kPa
11.1) 0.083 m
11.2) 2.0 s, 0.50 Hz
11.3) 0.24 m
11.4) 0.17 m
11.5) 0.16 m/s
11.6) 0.0074 J
11.7) 4.0 s
11.8) 4.8 s

11.9a) 200
m/s

11.9b) 400 Hz
0 Hz
11.10) 60
11.11) 0.26 Hz

AP Physics
b b24 ac
2a
4
V sphere = r 3
3
x
v =
&
t
v
a =
t
v =v 0 +at
1
x=x 0+ v 0 t+ a t 2
2
2
2
v =v 0 +2 a ( xx 0 )

F f = F N
Wood on wood
Ice on ice
Steel on steel
Rubber on dry
concrete
Rubber on wet
concrete

x=

R=

v0 sin 2
; [y =
g
y0]

Earths mass: 5.98 1024 kg

Earths radius: 6.38 106 m
Earths orbital radius: 1.496
1011 m
Moons mass: 7.35 1022 kg
Moons radius: 1.74 106 m
Moons orbital radius: 3.84
108 m
Suns mass: 1.99 1030 kg
Suns radius: 6.96 108 m
G = 6.67 1011 Nm2/kg2

1
1
KE= m v 2= I 2
2
2
1 2
PE=mgh= k x
2
d=Fd cos
W =F
W = KE

F d
=F v
t
W =
P=
t
1 hp = 746 W

Momentum:
p=mv
t
Impulse: F
p
F=
;
t
t =m v
F

Conservation of Momentum
m A v A + mB v B =m A v 'A + mB v 'B

t
=2 f
v tan=r

t
a tan=r
2
a R= r

P=gh
Mass flow rate
m

x= A cos t ;
=2 f

v = v max 1

x
2
A

TA 2 rA
=
TB
rB

0.4
0.1
0.7
1.0
0.7

0.2
0.03
0.6
0.8
0.5

1 pound = 4.45 N
1 mile = 1.609 km

m v2 4 m 2 r
=
r
T2
m m
T2 4 2
G m0
2 r
=
F g=G A 2 B
v=
=
3
r G m0
d
T
r
m0 is the mass of the object being orbited.
r is the orbital radius.

( )( )

=F r

L
=I=
t
L=I

a R=

v2 4 2 r
= 2
r
T

F R=

Elastic Collisions in 1-D

1
1
1
1
mA v 2A + mB v 2B= m A v 'A2 + mB v 'B2
2
2
2
2
'
'
v A + v A =v B +v B

= 0+ t
1
=0 t + t 2
2
2
2
=0 +2

Center of Mass
m x +mB x B +mC x C +
x CM = A A
m A +mB + mC +

fluid V displaced g=O V O g (floating objects)

1
1
P1+ v 21+ g y 1=P 2+ v22 + g y 2
2
2

Equation of continuity
1 A 1 v 1=2 A 2 v 2

n
Standing waves: L= n
2
k
m
; T =2
v max = A
m
k

T 2

L
g

Refraction:
sin 1 v1
=
sin 2 v2
FT
v wave =f =
m/L

The moment of inertia of a point mass is

I =M R2