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Fig.1 The rotating impeller imparts a centrifugal force to the water particles and the water moves radially
out
Fig.2 Negative pressure created by displacement of water from the eye helps to suckfresh stream of water
Fig.3 Water which leaves the impeller gets collected inside the casing, flow direction is also marked
Impeller Design
As we have discussed earlier impeller is the most vital
part of a centrifugal pump. Successful impellers have
been developed with many years of analysis and
developmental work. Fig.4 shows one of such impeller
with its one shroud plate removed for better view of
vanes.
Fig.5 Low pressure at the suction side can cause cavitation; More the suction head,lesser is the suction pressure required
Types of Impeller
The impeller type we have used for the discussion so far
is called as an enclosed type. Here vanes are closed from
both the ends with shroud plates. Other types of impeller
which are used in industry are Semi open and open
impellers. If the working fluid is cloggy in nature it is
preferred to use an open kind of impeller. But they are
slightly less efficient.
Fig.6 Kind of impellers used in centrifugal pumps : Enclosed, Semi-Open and Open