A Seminar Report On

Cognitive Radio Architecture and its Applications

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering

University College of Engineering (Autonomous)
Osmania University, Hyderabad-500007
Certificate
This is to certify that the seminar report titled _____ submitted by
_____(roll no.), a student of Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,
University College of Engineering, with __ as specialization as part of the Seminar-I
subject, during the academic year 20__ - 20__

Seminar Coordinator

ABSTRACT*
With the rapid deployment of new wireless devices and applications, the last
decade has witnessed a growing demand for wireless radio spectrum.
However, the fixed spectrum assignment policy becomes a bottleneck for
more efficient spectrum utilization, under which a great portion of the licensed
spectrum is severely under-utilized. The inefficient usage of the limited
spectrum resources urges the spectrum regulatory bodies to review their
policy and start to seek for innovative communication technology that can
exploit the wireless spectrum in a more intelligent and flexible way. The
concept of cognitive radio is proposed to address the issue of spectrum
efficiency and has been receiving an increasing attention in recent years, since
it equips wireless users the capability to optimally adapt their operating
parameters according to the interactions with the surrounding radio
environment. There have been many significant developments in the past few
years on cognitive radios. This paper surveys recent advances in research
related to cognitive radios. The fundamentals of cognitive radio technology,
architecture of a cognitive radio network and its applications are first
introduced. The existing works in spectrum sensing are reviewed, and

important issues in dynamic spectrum allocation and sharing are investigated

in detail.
Index TermsCognitive radio (CR), platforms and standards, radio spectrum
management, software radio, spectrum sensing, wireless communication.

CONTENTS
Page No.
List of Figures and Tables
List of Symbols and Abbreviations

i
iii

Chapter 1 Introduction

Chapter 2 fundamentals of cognitive radio

11

2.1 cognitive radio characteristics

2.2 cognitive radio functions
2.3 network architecture and applications

Chapter 3 spectrum sensing and analysis

3.1 interference temperature
3.2 spectrum sensing
3.2.1 energy detector
3.2.2 feature detector
3.2.3 matched filtering and coherent detector
3.2.4 statistical covariance based sensing
3.2.5 filter based sensing
3.2.6 learning or reasoning based sensing
3.2.7 measurement based sensing
3.3 cooperative sensing
3.3.1 user selection
3.3.2 decision fusion
3.3.3 efficient information sharing
3.3.4 distributed cooperative sensing

12
12
13

23
24
30
30
31
32
33
30
30
30
38
30
31
32
30

Chapter 4 dynamic spectrum allocation and sharing

4.1 spectrum underlay
4.2 spectrum overlay

Chapter 5 issues in dynamic spectrum allocation and sharing

5.1 medium access control in cognitive radio networks
5.2 spectrum handoff
5.3 cognitive relaying
5.4 spectrum sensing and access
5.5 power in a CR network
5.6 control channel management
5.7 distributed spectrum sharing
5.8 spectrum sharing game
5.9 routing in a CR network
5.10 cooperation stimulation and enforcement
5.11 security in CR networks

Chapter 6

COGNITIVE RADIO PLATFORMS AND STANDARDS

39
40
40

46
47
47
48
49
50
50
51
51
52
53
54

86

Chapter 7 Conclusions

86

References

87

Appendix

88

References

Guidelines for preparing Seminar Report

1. The seminar report must be presented on an A4 paper approximately 11
inches / 9 inches or 27.9cm / 22cm and duly spiral bound.
2. The text should be presented at 1.5 spacing.
3. The font size of the main text should be uniformly 14points throughout
the report.
4. Left justification or left and right justification can be used for main text.
5. The left margin should be 30 - 40mm and the right top and bottom
margins should be 25 - 30mm.