Michael Rose

Professor Roger Meservey

3/28/15
Principles of Biology II

Name of Item
Green Bean
Spinach
Broccoli

Scientific Name
Phasedeus Vulgaris
Spinacea Oliracea
Brassica Aleraceae

Corn

Zea Mays

Eggplant

Solanum Melongea

Tomato
Pea
Bell Pepper

Salanum Lyceporsium
Pisum Satium
Capsicum Annum

Lettuce
Cassava

Lagluca Sortiva
Manihot Esculenta

Features
Over 130 varieties
Cold Resistant
High Vitamin C / nutrients.
Tasty
Large % of grocery
products
Cultivated in tender
conditions
Many different varieties
Low growing with vines
Comes in multitude of
colors
Quick harvest time
Starchy and globally
popular

Grocery Store Botany

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1. 3: Describe the difference between pollination and fertilization?
a. Pollination is the act of pollen attaching itself to the fertile female
parts. Fertilization occurs when the pollen actually fuses with the egg
to produce a zygote.
2. How does the sperm get to the egg?
a. The pollen floats through the air and settles in a fertile region.
3. How does the gametophyte obtain its food?
a. The gametophyte is heterotrophic.
4. How does the sporophyte obtain its food?
a. The sporophyte is autotrophic.
5. Which phase of the life cycle is larger and lives longer?
a. The growth of the tree or sporophyte is the longest part of the cycle.
6. What advantages do seeds have over spores?
a. The seeds have a built in bank of nutrients and food.

Page 119 121

1. How does the sperm get to the egg?
a. The sperm is pollen and it floats through the air to reach the egg. It
then grows a pollen tube and fertilizes the egg.
2. How does the gametophyte obtain its food?
a. The gametophyte is autotrophic.
3. How does the sporophyte obtain its food?
a. The sporophyte is autotrophic and heterotrophic while it has its seed
case.
4. What phase of the life cycle is larger and lives longer?
a. The growth and development of the sporophyte is the longest phase.

Michael Rose
Professor Roger Meservey

3/28/15
Principles of Biology II

5. What is the advantage of having seeds produced in an ovary?

a. The seeds are protected from predators and animals more thoroughly.

Page 121 122

1. Can only diploid cells undergo meiosis?
a. There needs to be 2 sets of genetics to cause genetic variation. That
being said, some plants can undergo meiosis with haploid cells in order
to produce egg and sperm.
2. Why are bryophytes dependent on water for reproduction?
a. Bryophytes need water to carry their flagellated sperm to the egg.
3. If a moss gametophyte has a sporophyte attached to it, is the gametophyte
male or female? How do you know?
a. Gametophytes are females and produce eggs, sporophytes are male
and produce sperm.
4. What characteristics would you see to distinguish a fern from a horsetail?
a. The ferns spread their leaves out, and the horsetails are relatively
contained. I would base the distinction off of their physical
morphologies.
5. How are club mosses different from true mosses?
a. Club mosses have long leaves popping out, whereas regular mosses do
not.
6. Are ferns as dependent on water as mosses are?
a. They both require water to transfer their pollen, but mosses retain the
moisture better due to their fuzzy vegetative coverings.
7. Seedless vascular plants related to the club mosses and horsetails were once
dominant forest components. When the worlds climate became coolr and
drier, the seedless plants were eclipsed by seed plants. Why would the seed
plants have been more successful in the new climate conditions?
a. Seeds allowed plants that produce them to store their zygotes for
longer periods of time with nutrients, which would let them wait until
conditions were favorable for growth. They also had the ability to
produce pollen which could float through the air and fertilize female
plants without the need for water and flagella to transport the sperm.
8. How did gymnosperms achieve independence from the need for water for
fertilization?
a. Cones allowed for air to be the medium of transport for pollen to their
ovaries.
9. What is the advantage of an ovary?
a. Ovaries allow for a fertile location for the creation of zygote and seed
production. They also provide a mode of transportation for fruiting
plants to spread their seeds.
10.Compare the way seeds are made in gymnosperms with the way seeds are
made in angiosperms
a. In an angiosperm a fruit containing seeds is produced, in a
gymnosperm the seeds are simply spit out.