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nanostructures
CHE 105
Group 7
Taylor McCullough
Doug Suitt
Leopoldo Torres
Big Picture
Need
Nature
Benefits of ZnO
At The Nanoscale
y.drexel.edu
6/14/thomps
https://www.americanpiezo.c
center/piezo-theory/piezoele
constants.html
http://www.piceramic.com/p
glish.pdf
Piezoelectric Properties
Aspect Ratio
Lmajor
Piezoelectric coefficient
/ Wminor = L/D
d33 = P/ (polarization/stress)
Electromechanical Coupling
K33
in
Self powered
ZnO Nanostructures
Nanostrucure and
properties
Wang, Z. L. Zinc oxide nanostructures: growth, properties and applications. J. Phys.: Condens.
Matter 2004, 16, R829R858.
Nanowires
W
1-100
nm
AR
> 20
Nanorods
W
1-100
nm
AR
> 1, <
20
Nanobelts
W
30-300
Wang, Z. L. Zinc oxide nanostructures: growth, properties and applications. J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 2004, 16,
R829R858.
Which is best?
In nanogenerators
we need:
High
voltage
Related to D33
coefficient
Proportional to strain
current
Governed by
impurities
Controlled by crystal
Why Wurtzite?
Wurtzite crystal
structure
Unsymmetrical
(no
center symmetry)
Charge
separation
not balanced
Dipole
moment
induced
Potential
created
Wang, Z. L. et al. Lateral nanowire/nanobelt based nanogenerators, piezotronics and
piezo-phototronics. Materials Science and Engineering 2010, 70, 320-329.
Piezoelectric Effect
of lattice ions
+V
on tensile side V on
compressive
Ions
cannot move/recombine
Flexoelectricity
Inhomogeneous strain
Stress
gradient
Nanogenerator Device
Conductive electrode
substrate (grounded)
Nanowires
grown
vertically
for both
Piezo/flexo effects
Pt
Different Nanowire
configurations
NW 1 & 2
Push/deflection
from
top electrode
NW 3
In
motion due to
stimulation by
ultrasound wave
NW 4
Direct
compression
Wang, Z. L. Towards Self-Powered Nanosystems: From Nanogenerators to Nanopiezotronics Adv. Funct. Mater. 2008, 18, 35533567
Device Performance
Using vertically grown ZnO nanowires they
have developed a nanogenerator capable of
outputing 58V and 134 microamps
References
Wang, Z. L. Nanostructures of Zinc Oxide. Materials today 2004, 6, 26-33.
Wang, Z. L. Zinc oxide nanostructures: growth, properties and applications. J. Phys.: Condens.
Matter 2004, 16, R829R858.
Wang, Z. L. ZnO nanowire and nanobelt platform for nanotechnology. Materials Science and
Engineering, 2009, 64, 3371.
Wang, Z. L. From nanogenerators to piezotronicsA decade-long study of ZnO nanostructures.
MRS Bulletin, 2012, 37, 814-827
Clausthal University of Technology. Zinc oxide nanowires for photonic applications. <
http://www.lac.tu-clausthal.de/en/arbeitsgruppen/angewandte-photonik-lac/projekte/zinc-oxide-nanowires-for-photonic
-applications/
> (Accessed February 27th 2014)
Wang, Z. L. et al. Lateral nanowire/nanobelt based nanogenerators, piezotronics and
piezo-phototronics. Materials Science and Engineering 2010, 70, 320-329.
Geng, D, Pook, A, Wang, X. Mapping of strainpiezopotential relationship along bent zinc oxide
microwires. Nano Energy 2013, 2, 1225-1231
Wang, Z. L. et al. Piezoelectric Nanogenerators for Self-Powered Nanodevices. IEEE Pervasive
computing, 2008, 7, 49-55.
Liu, C, Hu, S, Shen, S. Effect of flexoelectricity on electrostatic potential in a bent piezoelectric
nanowire. Smart Mater. Struct 2012, 21, 1-12.
Jiang, X, Huang, W, Zhang, S. Flexoelectric nano-generator: Materials, structures and devices.
Nano Energy 2013, 2, 1079-1092.
Wang, Z. L, Song, J. H. Piezoelectric Nanogenerators Based on Zinc Oxide Nanowire Arrays.
Science 2006, 312, 242-246.
Wang, X. Piezoelectric nanogeneratorsHarvesting ambient mechanical energy at the
nanometer scale. Nano Energy 2012, 1, 13-24.
Kumar, B, Kim, S. W. Energy harvesting based on semiconducting piezoelectric ZnO
nanostructures. Nano Energy 2012, 1, 342-355.
Environmental Protection Agency. Nanobelts and Nanorods.
<http://www.epa.gov/radiation/docs/cleanup/nanotechnology/chapter-3-nano-belts.pdf> (Accessed February 27th