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AC + BD
where A, B, C, and D are atoms or ions. The reaction between acetic acid and baking
soda can be written as a double displacement reaction if carbonic acid (H 2CO3) is
considered a product:
HC2H3O2(aq) + NaHCO3(aq)
NaC2H3O2(aq) + H2CO3(aq)
Here A, B, C, and D are H +, C2H3O2-, Na+, and HCO3-, respectively. However, carbonic
acid readily decomposes into carbon dioxide and water,
H2CO3(aq)
CO2(aq) + H2O( )
and the carbon dioxide can escape from the solution as a gas.
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The combined equation is
HC2H3O2(aq) + NaHCO3(aq)
At the end of this experiment, student should be able to identify the effect factor of rate of
reaction.
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4.0 Experimental Procedure
4.1
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Note: Do not try to stop all of the gas from escaping! If you try to do so, the test
tube will break. Just slow down the escaping gas as pressure builds up inside of
the test tube. That pressure acts upon the surface of the liquid. The liquid moves
in a direction that will relieve the pressure. The only direction, without breaking
the test tube, is upward and out. Avoid a total "blow-out" of the liquid from the
tube by releasing enough pressure on the cork from time to time to let gas and
liquid "squeeze" its way past the cork, in controlled amounts. This is a struggle;
you against the gas pressure.
4. When gas bubbles are no longer visible in the liquid contained in the test tube,
consider the reaction to be over. Observe and record the time of the reaction.
5. Release the pressure on the cork.
Note that the reaction starts again. Increase pressure on the cork and the reaction
stops.
Note that if there is still a small amount of baking soda left in the bottom of the
test tube. You have now reached the point when you are able to exert enough
pressure to be equal to the pressure being exerted by the gas inside the test tube.
As a result, the reaction stops. When you release your pressure, the reaction is
able to start again.
6. Remove the cork. Observe and record what happens to the remaining baking soda.
7. Repeat this experiment twice to get the average values
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4.2
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BKF2741 Chemical Reaction Engineering Laboratory I
5. Measure the time required for all of the baking soda to be "used up" in the
reaction with vinegar. Record the time.
Module 1
BKF2741 Chemical Reaction Engineering Laboratory I
5. Measure the time that elapses before the vigorous bubbling action stops.
6. After two minutes, stir the solution. Observe and record the effect that the stirring
has on the reaction.
4.3
Effect of temperature
1.
2.
Weight 2 g of baking soda and drop it into vinegar. Measure the time required for
tablet to fully dissolve. Be prepared to start and stop on time.
For Clean-Up
All solutions can be safely washed down the drain.
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5.0
DATA COLLECTION
Table 5.1
Without pressure
Trial
1
2
3
Average
Time of reaction
Pressurized
Observation:_____________________________________________________________
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Table 5.2
Trial
With Stirring
Time of reaction
Without Stirring
Stirring of saturated reactant
1
2
3
Average
Observation:_____________________________________________________________
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Table 5.3
Initial Vinegar temperature, C
Time of reaction
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60
40
30
20
10
Observation:_____________________________________________________________
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Table 5.4
Trial
Tablet
Time of reaction
Broken pieces
Powder
1
2
3
Average
Observation:_____________________________________________________________
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6.1 Discussion
1. In your point of view, which factor does affect the most rate of reaction?
Elaborate and justify your answer.
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BKF2741 Chemical Reaction Engineering Laboratory I
2. Does stirring have any effect on the Rate of Reaction if the reacting substances
are already in solution?
3. If you are an engineer, what would you recommend to the investor or client to
enhance the rate of reaction in Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR)
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