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PART I- GENERAL
RELATED DOCUMENTS
1.1
A.
Drawings and general provisions of the Contract, including Conditions of Contract and
Division I Specification Sections, apply to this Section.
SUMMARY
1.2
A.
B.
Division 2 Section "Excavation and fill" for excavating, trenching and backfilling.
2.
DEFINITIONS
1.3
A.
1.4
DI
: Ductile Iron.
2.
RC
: Reinforced concrete
PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS
A.
1.5
SUBMITTALS
A.
Product Data: Submit manufacturer's technical product data and installation instructions for
system materials and products.
B.
C.
Shop Drawings: Include plans, elevations, details, and attachments for the following:
I.
2.
Manholes and other structures, including invert levels, frames, covers, and grates.
3.
Coordination Drawings:
elevations. Include details of underground structures and connections. Show other piping
in same trench and clearances from sewerage system piping. Indicate interface and spatial
relationship between piping and proximate structures.
D.
Draw profiles at
horizontal scale of not less than I :500 and vertical scale of not less than I:50.
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As-Built Drawings: At project close-out, submit record drawings of installed pipework and
products, in accordance with requirements of the Specification, Division 1.
F.
Maintenance Data:
products.
Submit maintenance data and parts lists for system materials and
Include this data, product data, Shop Drawings, and submit drawings in
Certificate of Compliance.
H.
requirements.
QUALITY ASSURANCE
1.6
A.
Product Options: Drawings indicate size, profiles, and dimensional requirements of piping
and specialties and are based on the specific system selected.
performance characteristics may be considered.
Requirements. ,
.
B.
Regulatory Requirements:
C.
Comply with standards of authorities having jurisdiction for piping, including materials,
installation, and testing.
D.
1.7
Piping materials shall bear label, stamp, or other markings of specified testing agency.
B.
Protect pipe, pipe fittings, and seals from dirt and damage.
C.
Handle
pipes,
precast
concrete
manholes
and
other
structures
according
to
the
1.8
PROJECT CONDITIONS
A.
Site Information:
Perform site survey, research public utility records, and verify existing
utility locations.
B.
C.
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I.
NotifY the Engineer not less than 72 hours in advance of proposed utility
interruptions.
2.
Do not proceed with utility interruptions without the Engineer's written permission.
PART 2 - PRODUCTS
PIPING MATERIALS
2.1
A.
2.2
Refer to Part 3 "Piping Applications" Article for applications of pipe and fitting materials.
Concrete Pipes:
I.
Pipe to BS 5911 Part 100 1988 Class H or ASTM C76-95A Class IV or DIN 4032
Class KW, or to AASHTO M86. Cement used in manufacture is to be ordinary
Portland cement to BS 12.
2.
Joints shall be of gasket type with flexible spigots and sockets. The shape of the joint
must be designed to prevent any movement of the gasket during assembly and as such
produce full water tightness. Rubber gasket shall be to BS 2494.
3.
b.
Pipes below groundwater level: Protection for external surfaces shall be app
Pipe to EN 598 or equivalent and shall meet the quality standards of ISO 9002. Pipes
shall be class K9.
2.
Spigot and socket flexible joints shall be of the push-fit type with gaskets of ethylene
propylene rubber (EPDM). Spigot and socket shall provide a minimum angular
deflection of 4 degrees without leakage at the works test pressure specified. Joint
deflection at installation shall not exceed 50% of the manufacturer maximum
allowable.
3.
Spigot and socket ended pipes shall be used for straight runs and adjacent to elbows
or fittings. These joints shall be provided with rubber gaskets, and an external
thrust block is required at elbows or fittings. Anchored or self restrained joints (
locked joints ) shall be used for sections adjacent to elbows in areas where space is
restricted or indicated on the Drawings or BOQ or located inside the utility ttmnel.
Anchored joints are to be push-in, self anchored type able to take up the axial forces
thus allowing concrete thrust blocks to be dispensed with. The Contractor shall
submit calculations verifYing the number of restrained joints required noting that pipe
pressure testing will be made when pipes are partially backfilled or restrained in
utility tunnel.
4.
Self anchored flexible joints shall incorporate a weld on flange and tie bolts or similar
self-restrained joint system. The joints shall be suitable for a working pressure of 25
bars with an allowable deflection of 4 degrees.
5.
Flanged pipes wherever specified shall have screwed-on or east-on flanges to sustain
6.
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7.
Pipes and fittings shall be given an external coating of zinc in accordance with EN
598 or ISO 8179 and a finishing coat of either cold applied bitumen according to
BS3416 Type II material, or hot applied bitumen to BS 4147 Type I Grade C.
8.
Pipes shall be lined internally with alumina cement mortar and shall comply with EN
598 or ISO 4179. Fittings shall be coated internally with epoxy.
9.
Ductile
iron
pipes
and
fittings
shall
be
supplied
throughout
complete
with
polyethylene sleeving to BS 6076 and plastic adhesive tape in accordance with the
pipe manufacturer recommendations.
10.
2.3
A.
2.
Ballast:
Base Section:
thickness for walls and base riser section, and having separate base slab or base
section with integral floor.
4.
Riser Sections: I00 mm minimum thickness, and lengths to provide depth indicated.
5.
Top Section: Eccentric-cone type. Top of cone of size that matches grade rings.
6.
7.
Grade Rings: Include two or three brick or reinforced-concrete rings, of 150 to 225
mm total thickness, that match 610 mm diameter frame and cover.
8.
Pipe Connectors: ASTM C 923M, resilient, of size required, for each pipe connecting
to base section.
B.
Heavy-Traffic
Precast
Concrete
Manholes:
ASTM C 913;
designed
according
to
ASTM C 890 for A-16, heavy-traffic, structural loading; of depth, shape, and dimensions
indicated, with provision for rubber gasketed joints.
1.
Ballast: Increase thickness of one or more precast concrete sections or add concrete
to structure, as required to prevent flotation.
2.
3.
Gaskets: Rubber.
Grade Rings: Include two or three brick or reinforced-concrete rings, of 150 to 225
mm total thickness, that match 610 mm diameter frame and cover.
4.
Pipe
Connectors:
each
pipe
ventilated top. Suitable lifting device for covers to be provided at a rate of one for every 10
covers. Frames
For roadways: Class 0400 heavy duty non-rock type for wheel loads up to 11.5 tons.
Minimum test load 400KN.
2.
For sidewalks: Class 8125, light duty. Minimum test load 125 KN.
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3.
D.
Manhole Cover Inserts: Manufactured, GRP form, of size to fit between manhole frame and
cover and designed to prevent stormwater inflow. Include handle for removal and gasket
for gaslight sealing.
E.
2.4
STORMWATER INLETS
A.
Gutter Inlets: Made with horizontal gutter opening, of materials and dimensions according
to utility standards. Include frames and grates.
B.
2.5
2.
GRATED CHANNELS/INTERCEPTORS/CULVERTS
A.
Normal-Traffic, Precast
channel:
Base Section:
thickness for walls and base riser section, and having separate base slab or base
section with integral floor.
2.
Pipe Connectors: ASTM C 923M, resilient, of size required, for each pipe connecting
to base section.
B.
ASTM C 890 for heavy structural loading; of depth, shape, dimensions, and appurtenances
indicated.
I.
C.
Grates and frames: Ductile iron to BS EN 124 or equivalent, epoxy coated, solid top.
Frames to be bolted to manhole/gully bricks to ensure proper fixity. Wording on cover is to
be as approved on Site.
2.6
CONCRETE
A.
2.
3.
ratio.
Field formed from concrete 30 MPa minimum, with 0.45
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PROTECTIVE COATINGS
Protective coating for internal surfaces shall be bituminous damp-proofing as specified in
Section 07115.
B.
I.
Structures below groundwater level: Waterproofing for external surfaces shall be app
modified bituminous sheet waterproofing as specified in Section 07135.
PART 3 - EXECUTION
EARTHWORK
3.1
A.
Excavating, trenching, and backfilling are specified in Division 2 Section "Excavation and
fill.
II
IDENTIFICATION
3.2
A.
Materials and their installation are specified in Division 2 Section "Earthwork." Arrange for
installing green warning tapes directly over piping and at outside edges of underground
structures.
I.
2.
PIPING APPLICATIONS
3.3
A.
B.
C.
Gravity-Flow, Non pressure Piping: Reinforced Concrete pipe and fittings; gaskets; and
gasketed joints.
D.
Underground Piping: Use Ductile Iron spigot and socket ended pipe.
2.
Inside the technical galle1y culvert piping: Use Ductile Iron pipes with locked joints.
INSTALLATION, GENERAL
3.4
A.
General Locations and Arrangements: Drawing plans and details indicate general location
and arrangement of underground storm drainage piping. Location and arrangement of
piping layout take design considerations into account. Install piping as indicated, to extent
practical.
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B.
Install piping beginning at low point, true to grades and alignment indicated with unbroken
continuity of invert. Place bell ends of piping facing upstream.
sleeves, and couplings according to the manufacturer's written instructions for use of
lubricants, cements, and other installation requirements. Maintain swab or drag in line, and
pull past each joint as it is completed.
C.
Use manholes for changes in direction, unless fittings are indicated. Use fittings for branch
connections, unless direct tap into existing sewer is indicated.
D.
Install two flexible joints. Install the first joint at l diameter distance maximum from outside
face of manhole and the second joint at not more than the following distances away from the
first joint:
l.
E.
l.O m.
Install piping and connect to storm drains, of sizes and in locations indicated.
Terminate
piping as indicated.
l.
F.
3.5
Tunneling: Install pipe under streets o r other obstructions that cannot b e disturbed by
tunneling, jacking, or a combination of both.
General: Join and install pipe and fittings according to installations indicated.
B.
Refer to Division 2 Section "Piped Utilities- Basic Materials and Methods" for basic piping
joint construction and installation.
C.
Join piping made of different materials or dimensions with couplings made for this
application. Use couplings that are compatible with and that fit both systems' materials and
dimensions.
D.
Install with top surfaces of components, except piping, flush with finished surface.
E.
3.6
MANHOLE INSTALLATION
A.
B.
C.
Precast Units: The Contractor shall cast in steel watertight forms at least 3 weeks before
sections are used. The Contractor shall bed lowest unit on in situ concrete base and bed and
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haunch in cement mortar. The Contractor shall liberally coat joints of units with approved
bituminous material of trowelling grade prior to fixing. The Contractor shall ensure joints
are filled solid and neatly strike off surplus compound. The Contractor shall not disturb
work for 7 days thereafter. Alternatively, the Contractor shall seal joints with approved
preformed jointing strip in accordance with manufacturer's instructions and shall bed precast
concrete cover slab on top unit in cement mortar.
D.
E.
F.
Step Irons: The Contractor shall cast into precast units or grout into preformed mortices.
The Contractor shall not use step irons as lifting eyes. Devices for lifting and handling shall
be provided on exterior faces.
G.
Adjustment for Level: The Contractor shall build top courses of brickwork or concrete rings
after completion of surrounding levels and adjust as necessmy to give accurate and even
final levels.
H.
Covers and Gratings: The Contractor shall bed frame solidly in mortar and fix firmly using
fixing bolts and set cover in position to prevent twisting. The Contractor shall position
centrally over opening and level and square with surrounding finishes.
3.7
3.8
Clear interior of piping and structures of dirt and superfluous material as work progresses.
Maintain swab or drag in piping, and pull past each joint as it is completed.
1.
In large, accessible piping, brushes and brooms may be used for cleaning.
2.
Place plug in end of incomplete piping at end of day and when work stops.
3.
Flush piping between manholes and other structures to remove collected debris, if
required by the Engineer or authorities having jurisdiction.
B.
Inspect interior of piping to determine whether line displacement or other damage has
occurred. Inspect after approximately 600 mm of backfill is in place, and again immediately
prior to Substantial Completion. Submit separate reports for each system inspection.
C.
D.
Test new piping systems, and parts of existing systems that have been altered, extended, or
repaired, for leaks and defects as follows:
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I.
Provision of test equipment: All items for test have to be provided on site
before the test, i.e. pressure gauges, instruments, water etc.
b.
c.
Fittings and joints: Permanently anchor fittings before testing and leave all
joints exposed for checking.
d.
e.
Test sections: Limit test sections in pressure lines to not more than 500 m.
f.
Test sections: Test pressure lines between valve chambers whenever possible.
g.
h.
Closed valve: Do not test against a closed valve unless there is no acceptable
alternative.
i.
Apply pressure by manually operated test pump or, in the case of large
diameter mains, by power driven test pump, if approved.
j.
k.
Failure: Should a test fail, locate leak and replace or make good defective pipe
I.
Non-pressure lines not exceeding 1000 mm diameter are to be air tested before
n.
o.
Non-pressure lines: Carry out infiltration tests where crown of pipe at high part
p.
Pressure lines: Carry out hydrostatic test while pipeline is partially backfilled.
2.
3.
c.
d.
Fill pipe slowly with water from lowest point. Do not use power-driven pump
b.
Fill absorbant pipes with water and allow to stand for at least 24 hours to allow
c.
d.
unless approved.
complete absorption.
pressure.
e.
Maintain test pressure for specified test duration with pumping stopped.
f.
g.
h.
Visible leaks are detected, regardless of leakage being within specified limits.
i.
Volume of water lost during period when pumping was stopped exceeds
allowable leakage.
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j.
k.
I.
Test pressure: Generally 1.5 times the maximum sustained pressure, minimum
15 kg/cm2.
Test period: 2 hours.
Allowable leakage 0.1 litre/mm diameter/km length/day/30 m of applied
pressure.
4.
b.
c.
d.
Pressure drop: Without further pumping, pressure is not to fall by more than
e.
Failure to pass the air test is not conclusive and if no leakage can be traced by
Timing: Carry out test after total backfilling of length under test.
b.
c.
d.
I)
2)
diameter.
e.
6.
Timing: Carry out test after total backfilling of length under test.
b.
Limit of length to be tested at one time is three full- length pipes unless
c.
Apparatus:Use rubber tyred bogies which do not damage lining of pipe and
d.
e.
otherwise approved.
7.
b.
c.
d.
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8.
Cleaning: Clean pipeline of silt and debris after backfilling pipe trenches and
completing manholes, hatch boxes etc. but before surfaces are permanently
reinstated and make ready for inspection by the Engineer's Representative.
b.
c.
Inspection: Pipelines less than 700 mm diameter and larger pipelines which
cannot be inspected from the inside, are to be inspected by passing a cylinder
of diameter 25 mm less than the internal diameter of the pipe and length not
less than the internal diameter of the pipe through each pipeline.
E.
Testing of manholes: Plug manhole inlets and outlets, fill manhole with water and allow to
stand for at least 24 hours or such longer period to allow for complete absorption. Re-top
with water.
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