CPCCSA Nshya

Official Gazette n 29 of 16/07/2012
Ibirimo/Summary/Sommaire
Itegeko /Law /Loi

N 21/2012 ryo kuwa 14/06/2012
Itegeko ryerekeye imiburanishirize yimanza zimbonezamubano, izubucuruzi, izumurimo
nizubutegetsi
N 21/2012 of 14/06/2012
Law relating to the civil, commercial, labour and administrative procedure
N 21/2012 du 14/06/2012
Loi portant code de procdure civile, commerciale, sociale et administrative

ITEGEKO N21/2012 RYO KUWA
14/06/2012
RYEREKEYE
IMIBURANISHIRIZE
YIMANZA
ZIMBONEZAMUBANO,
IZUBUCURUZI,
IZUMURIMO
NIZUBUTEGETSI
LAW
N21/2012
OF
14/06/2012
RELATING
TO
THE
CIVIL,
COMMERCIAL,
LABOUR
AND
ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURE
LOI N21/2012 DU 14/06/2012 PORTANT

CODE DE PROCEDURE CIVILE,
COMMERCIALE,
SOCIALE
ET
ADMINISTRATIVE
ISHAKIRO
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE DES MATIERES
INTERURO
ZIBANZE
YA
MBERE:
INGINGO TITLE
ONE:
PROVISIONS
PRELIMINARY TITRE
PREMIER:
PRELIMINAIRES
DISPOSITIONS
Ingingo ya mbere: Icyo iri tegeko rigamije
Article One: Purpose of this Law
Article premier: Objet de la prsente loi
Ingingo 2: Ibisabwa ngo ikirego cyakirwe
Article 2: Conditions of admissibility of a Article 2: Conditions de recevabilit dune

claim
demande
Ingingo ya 3: Ububasha bwababuranyi mu Article 3: Status of the parties to begin an Article 3: Qualit
gutanga ikirego
action
introduire dinstance
des
parties
pour
Ingingo ya 4: Kugena ikiburanwa no Article 4: Determining the subject matter Article 4: Dtermination de lobjet du litige
kudahinduka kwikirego
and immutability of the claim
et immutabilit de la demande
Ingingo ya 5: Inshingano zababuranyi
Article 5: Obligations of parties
Article 5: Obligations des parties
Ingingo ya 6: Inshingano yabacamanza yo Article 6: Obligation of judges to decide Article 6: Obligation pour les juges de
guca imanza
cases
juger les cas qui leur sont soummis

Ingingo ya 7: Guca urubanza ku cyaregewe Article 7: Judgement on the subject matter
gusa
Article 7 : Dcision sur ce qui a fait objet

de la demande
Ingingo ya 8: Ibidashingirwaho mu guca Article 8: Facts not considered in the Article 8: Faits non considrs lors du
urubanza
course of trial
procs
Ingingo ya
ibimenyetso
9:
Ingingo ya
kwiregura
10:
Ugomba
kugaragaza Article 9: Burden of proof
Uburenganzira
bwo Article 10: Right to being heard
Ingingo ya 11: Agaciro kurubanza rwaciwe Article 11: Powers of a decided case
ku rwego rwa nyuma
Article 9: Charge de la preuve
Article 10: Droit de dfense
Article 11 : Autorit de la chose juge
Ingingo ya 12: Kutiyambaza icyarimwe Article 12: Prohibition to exercise both Article 12 : Non exercice simultan de deux
inzira ebyiri zo kujurira
ways of appeal
voies de recours
Ingingo ya 13: Igihe
kuburanisha urubanza
ntarengwa
cyo Article 13 : Period for adjudication of a Article 13 : Dlai pour juger une affaire
case
Ingingo ya 14: Isubikwa ryimanza
Article 14: Adjournment of cases
Ingingo ya 15:Guhana abatinza urubanza
Article 15: Punishment for delaying

hearing
INTERURO
YA
RYURUBANZA
UMUTWE WA
RYIKIREGO
II:
MBERE:
ITANGIRA TITLE
II:
PROCEEDINGS
INSTITUTION
ITANGWA CHAPTER ONE: FILING A CLAIM
Article 14: Remise daffaires

a Article
15 :
Sanctions
manuvres dilatoires
OF TITRE
II:
DINSTANCE
contre
les
INTRODUCTION
CHAPITRE
PREMIER:
DEMANDE
INTRODUCTIVE DÌNSTANCE

Ingingo ya 16: Uburyo bwo gutanga ikirego Article 16: Modalities of filing a claim and Article 16: Modes de saisine de la
nabemerewe kugitanga
persons authorised to do so
juridiction et personnes habilites
Ingingo ya 17: Iyandikwa ryikirego
Article 17: Recording a claim
Article 17: Enregistrement de la demande
Ingingo 18: Kutakira ikirego
Article 18: Inadmissibility of a claim
Article 18:Irrecevabilit de la demande
Ingingo ya 19: Ibikubiye mu kirego
Article 19: Contents of a claim
Article 19: Contenu dune demande
Ingingo ya 20: Gusomera urega ikirego Article 20: Reading the written claim to the Article 20: Lecture des mentions dune
cyanditswe
plaintiff
demande au demandeur
Ingingo ya 21: Ibyandikwa mu gitabo Article 21: Contents of the court register of Article 21:
cyibirego
claims
demandes
Mentions
au
registre de
Ingingo ya 22 : Imyandikire yikirego
Article 22: Recording claims in the court Article 22: Modalits dacter des demandes
register
Ingingo ya 23: Itegurwa ryurubanza
Article 23: Preparing the case for the Article 23: Mise en tat de laffaire
hearing
Ingingo ya 24: Guha inyandiko zose Artilce 24: Numbering of all documents
inomero
Article 24: Cotation de toutes les pices

dposes
Ingingo ya 25: Abasangiye inyungu mu Article 25: Parties with same interests in a Article 25: Parties ayant les mmes intrts
rubanza
case
au procs
Ingingo ya 26: Ireka ryuburenganzira bwo Article 26: Self deprivation of the right to Article 26: Dsistement daction
kurega
action
Ingingo ya 27: Amategeko agenga ireka Article 27: Rules determining
ryuburenganzira bwo kurega
deprivation of the right to action
4
self Article 27: Rgles rgissant le dsistement

daction

UMUTWE WA II: GUHAMAGARWA CHAPTER
II:
SUMMONS
AND CHAPITRE II: ASSIGNATION
KWABABURANYI
NO SERVING SUMMONS ON PARTIES
SIGNIFICATION DES PARTIES
KUBIBAMENYESHA
Ingingo ya
umuburanyi
28:Urwandiko
ruhamagara Article 28: Summons
ET
Article 28: Assignation
Ingingo ya 29: Ibyangombwa mu kwandika Article 29: Elements necessary to issue Article 29: Elments ncessaires la
urwandiko ruhamagara
summons
rdaction de lassignation
Ingingo ya 30: Ibikubiye mu rwandiko Article 30: Contents of the summons
ruhamagara
Ingingo ya
bwihariye
31:
Uburyo
bwitumira Article 31:

summoning
Special
procedure
Article 30: Contenu dune assignation
for Article 31:

dassignation
Procdures
particulires
Ingingo ya 32: Kugaragaza ubushobozi Article 32:Status of the plaintiff

bwumuburanyi
Article 32: Mention de la qualit dune

partie
Ingingo ya 33: Kumenyesha ababuranyi Article 33: Summoning several persons

benshi urwandiko rwihamagara
Article 33: Assignation destine plusieurs

personnes
Ingingo
ya
34:
Uburyo
itangwa Article 34:
ryurwandiko ruhamagara rikorwa
summons
Modalities of serving the Article 34: Modalits de signification dune

assignation
Ingingo ya 35: Ibisobanuro byaho umuntu Article 35:Meaning

atuye naho acumbitse
residence
of
domicile
and Article 35: Dfinition du domicile et de la

rsidence
Ingingo ya 36: Ibisabwa mu gushyikiriza Article 36: Requirements in delivering Article 36: Mentions respecter en cas de
summons
remise dassignation
Ingingo ya 37: Ubundi buryo bw itangwa Article 37:Other means of serving the Article 37: Autres modes de signification
5

ryurwandiko ruhamagara
dassignation
summons
Ingingo ya 38: Ihamagara ryumuburanyi Article 38: Summoning a party living in a Article 38: Assignation dune
uba mu mahanga
foreign country
rsidant ou domicili ltranger
partie
Ingingo ya 39: Itumizwa ryumuburanyi Article 39: Summoning a party with Article 39: Assignation dune partie sans
udafite aho aba hazwi
unknown address
adresse connue
Ingingo ya 40: Imenyesharuhame
Ingingo
ya
41:
cyimenyesharuhame
Article 40: Serving a summons by public Article 40: Signification de lassignation

notice
par avis public
Ikimenyetso Article 41: Proof of service by publication
Article 41: Preuve dune signification par

avis public
Ingingo
ya
42:
Imenyesha
ku Article 42: Serving a summons to legal Article 42: Signification dassignation aux
mashyirahamwe, imiryango nibigo bifite entities
personnes morales
ubuzima gatozi
Ingingo ya 43: Amasaha yo gutangamo Article 43: Hours of serving the summons
imenyesha
Article 43:
dassignation
Ingingo ya 44: Igihe ihamagara rimara
Article 44: Dlai dassignation
Article 44:Period for serving the summons
Heures
de
signification
Ingingo ya 45: Gutumiza umuburanyi mu Article 45: Summoning of a party with Article 45: Assignation bref dlai
gihe cya bugufi
promptness
Ingingo ya 46: Umunsi nisaha byo kwitaba
Article 46:
appearance
Date
and
Ingingo ya 47: Ihamagara ridakurikije Article 47: Illegal summons

amategeko
the
hour
of Article 46: Date et heure de comparution
Article 47: Assignation irrgulire

Ingingo
ya
48:
Uburenganzira Article 48: Rights of a party summoned Article 48: Droit dune partie assigne
bwumuburanyi wahamagawe binyuranyije illegally
irrgulirement
namategeko
INTERURO YA
RYURUBANZA
ZIRUVUKAMO
III:
IBURANISHA TITLE III: HEARING A CASE AND ITS TITRE

III:
NINGOBOKA RELATED INCIDENTS
DAUDIENCE
ET
RELATIFS
INSTRUCTION
INCIDENTS
Y
UMUTWE WA MBERE: IBURANISHA CHAPTER ONE: HEARINGS

RYURUBANZA
CHAPITRE PREMIER: INSTRUCTION

DAUDIENCE
Icyiciro cya mbere: Iyitaba ryababuranyi
Section One: Appearance of parties
Section premire: Comparution des parties
Ingingo ya 49: Iyitaba ryababuranyi
Article 49: Appearing of parties
Article 49: Comparution des parties
Ingingo ya 50: Kwitaba kwababuranyi Article 50: Personal appearance of parties

ubwabo
Article 50: Comparution personnelle des

parties
Ingingo ya 51: Abandi bantu bashobora Article 51: Other persons that can appear Article 51: Autres personnes pouvant
guhamagarwa ubwabo
personally in court
comparatre personnellement
Ingingo ya 52: Iyitaba ryimiryango, Article 52: Appearance of legal entities
amashyirahamwe nibigo bifite ubuzima
gatozi
Ingingo
ya
53:
Iyitaba
ryinzego Article 53: Appearance of Government
zubutegetsi za Leta
administrative organs
Article 52: Comparution de personnes

morales
Article 53: Comparution des organes de
ladministration publique
Ingingo ya 54: Ihamagazwa ryabayobozi Article 54: Appearance of Governement Article 54: Assignation pour comparution
nabakozi batandukanye
directors or employees
personnelle de diffrentes autorits
Ingingo
ya
55:
ryumuburanyi
Ingaruka
zibura Article 55: Effects of default to appear
Article 55: Effets du dfaut dune partie

Ingingo ya 56: Ibikubiye mu cyemezo Article 56: Content of court order for Article 56: Mention de la dcision
cyurukiko gitegeka ababuranyi kwitaba parties to appear in person
ordonnant la comparution personnelle
ubwabo
Icyiciro cya 2: Ibura ryababuranyi
Section 2 : Default of appearance
Section 2 : Dfaut des parties
Ingingo ya 57: Uburenganzira bwuregwa Article 57: Rights of defendant in case of Article 57: Droits du dfendeur en cas de
iyo urega atitabye
the plaintiffs default
non comparution du demandeur
Ingingo ya 58: Gusaba kubyutsa urubanza Article 58: Request to re-introduce an Article 58: Demande de rintroduction
rwasibwe
already struck off case
dune affaire aprs sa radiation du rle
Ingingo ya 59: Kutitaba kuregwa ku Article 59: Defendants default to appear Article 59: Non comparution du dfendeur
nshuro ya mbere
for the first hearing
la premire audience
Ingingo ya 60: Ukutitaba kuregwa mu Article 60: Defendant`s default to appear Article 60: Non comparution du dfendeur
isubukurwa ryurubanza
for the second hearing
aux audiences ultrieures
Ingingo ya 61: Iyitaba rya bamwe mu Article 61: Appearance of some defendants Article 61:Comparution de certains des
baregwa
mu
biburanwa
byinshi in indivisible claims
dfendeurs en cas de litiges indivisibles
bidashobora gutandukanwa
Ingingo ya 62: Iyitaba rya bamwe mu Article 62: Appearance of some defendants Article 62: Comparution de certains
baburanyi mu biburanwa byinshi bishobora in divisible claims
dfendeurs en cas de litiges divisibles
gutandukanwa
Ingingo ya 63: Kwimura cyangwa gusiba Article 63: Adjourning or striking off the Article 63: Remise ou radiation dune
urubanza kubera ibura ryababuranyi
case from the register in case of default of affaire en cas de dfaut de toutes les parties
all parties
Icyiciro cya 3: Iburanisha mu rukiko
Section 3 : Hearing in court
Section 3: Audience des plaidoiries

Akiciro ka mbere: Impaka mu iburanisha Sub-section one: Debates during a hearing
ryurubanza
Ingingo ya 64: Iburanisha
numucamanza umwe
Sous-section premire: Dbats laudience
rikozwe Article 64: Hearing of a case by a single Article 64: Audience juge unique
judge
Ingingo ya 65: Iburanisha ku munsi Article 65: Hearing on the date and place Article 65: Date et endroit de laudience
nahantu hagenwe nurukiko
fixed by the court
fixs par la juridiction
Ingingo ya 66: Kuburana ku bijyanye Article 66: Hearing of the subject matter
nicyaregewe
Article 66: Plaidoirie quant lobjet du

litige
Ingingo ya 67: Iburanisha mu ruhame Article 67: Hearing conducted in public or Article 67:Audience publique ou huis clos
cyangwa mu muhezo
camera
Ingingo ya 68: Uburyo iburanisha rikorwa
Article 68: Conducting the hearing
Article 68: Droulement daudience
Ingingo ya 69: Inyandiko itanzwe nyuma Article 69: Document presented after the Article 69:
yiburanisha
hearing
laudience
Document
vers
aprs
Ingingo ya 70: Ibyandikwa ku rupapuro Article 70 :Records of the hearing

rwiburanisha
Article 70:Rdaction faite sur la feuille

daudience
Ingingo ya 71: Ibikubiye ku rupapuro Article 71: Content of the hearing minutes
rwiburanisha
Article 71: Mention de la feuille daudience
Ingingo ya 72: Kugenzura ibyanditse ku Article 72: Verification of records of the Article 72: Vrification du contenu de la
rupapuro rwiburanisha
hearing
feuille daudience
Akiciro ka 2: Umutekano mu iburanisha
Sub-section 2: Order in court
Sous-section 2: Police daudience

Ingingo ya 73:
kwababuranyi
Kugira
ikinyabupfura Article 73: Politeness of parties
Article 73:Respect la justice par les

parties
Ingingo ya 74: Kutambara ingofero mu Article 74: Removing hats during the Article 74:
rukiko
hearing
audiences
Se
tenir
dcouvert
aux
Ingingo ya 75: Kubahiriza umutekano mu Article 75: Ensuring security during the Article 75: Respect de lordre laudience
iburanisha
hearing
Ingingo ya 76: Kuburanisha ibyaha bikozwe Article 76: Trying offences committed Article 76: Jugement des dlits daudience
mu iburanisha
during the hearing
UMUTWE WA II: INGOBOKA ZIVUKA CHAPTER
II:
INCIDENTAL CHAPITRE
II:
INCIDENTS
MU IBURANISHA RYURUBANZA
PROCEEDINGS
DURING
THE LÌNSTRUCTION DÀUDIENCE
HEARING
Icyiciro cya mbere:Ingingo rusange
Section One:General provisions
Ingingo ya 77: Igisobanuro cyingoboka
Article 77:
proceedings
Definition
of
DE
Section premire:Dispositions gnrales

incidental Article 77: Dfinition de lincident
Ingingo ya 78: Igihe cyo kubyutsa ingoboka Article 78: Time to raise an incident
ivutse mu rubanza
Article 78: Moment de soulever un incident
Icyiciro cya 2: Inzitizi mu rubanza
Section 2: Exceptions
Section 2: Objections
Akiciro ka mbere: Inzitizi yerekeye Sub section One: Objection regarding Sous-section premire: Exception relative
ubutumwa bwo kuburanira abandi mu mandate for legal representation
au mandat de reprsentation en justice
nkiko
Ingingo ya 79: Kuburanira abandi mu Article 79: Legal representation
nkiko
10
Article 79: Reprsentation en justice

Akiciro ka 2: Inzitizi yerekeye kwambura Sub section 2: Objection regarding Sous-section 2: Exception relative la
intumwa urubanza no kuyigarika
removal and disowning of the power of rvocation et au dsaveu dun mandataire
representation
Ingingo ya 80: Kutarenga imbibi Article 80: Not exceeding the terms of Article 80 : Respect des limites du mandat
zububasha uwunganira undi yahawe
mandate
Ingingo ya 81: Kwambura cyangwa Article 81: Revoking or modifying the Article 81: Rvocation ou modification du
guhindura ububasha bwo guhagararirwa mandate conferred by the represented mandat de reprsentation
mu nkiko
party
Ingingo ya 82: Ubushobozi bwo kwigarika Article 82: Disowning a representative
intumwa
Article 82: Possibilit de dsavouer un

mandataire
Ingingo ya
bikorwamo
Article 83: Procdure du dsaveu
83:
Uburyo
kwigarika Article 83: Procedure for disowning
Ingingo ya 84: Kwemeza ko ubwigarike Article 84:Validity of disowning

bufite ishingiro
Article 84: Validit du dsaveu
Ingingo ya 85: Kwemeza ko ubwigarike Article 85: Rejected disowning

budafite ishingiro
Article 85: Rejet du dsaveu
Ingingo ya 86: Kutakira ubwigarike
Article 86: Irrcevabilit du dsaveu
Article 86: Refusing a disowning
Akiciro ka 3: Inzitizi yerekeye ingwate Sub-section 3: Objection regarding Sous-section 3: Exception de caution
itangwa nabanyamahanga
security deposits furnished by foreigners
fournir par les trangers
Ingingo
ya
87:
nabanyamahanga
Ingwate
itangwa Article 87: Security deposits furnished by Article 87: Caution fournir par les
foreigner
trangers
Ingingo ya 88: Urubanza rwerekeye ingwate Article 88: Judgement on the payment of Article 88: Dcision sur la caution
11

security deposit
Akiciro ka 4: Inzitizi yiburabubasha, Sub-section 4: Objection of lack of Sous-section 4: Exception dincomptence,
iyuburegeke, iyisobekerana ryimanza jurisdiction, lis pendens, connexity and de litispendance, de connexit et dilatoire
nizitinza urubanza
dilatory
Ingingo ya 89: Inzitizi yiburabubasha
Ingingo ya 90:
cyiburabubasha
Kujuririra
Article 89: Objection of lack of jurisdiction
Article 89: Exception dincomptente
icyemezo Article 90: Appeal against a decision of Article 90: Appel contre la dcision
lack of jurisdiction
dincomptence
Ingingo ya 91: Inzitizi yuburegeke, Article 91: Objection of lis pendens, Article 91: Exception de litispendance, de
iyisobekerana
ryimanza
nizitinza connexity and dilatory
connexit et dilatoire
urubanza
Akiciro ka 5: Inzitizi zitesha agaciro Sub-section 5: Objections of nullity
inyandiko
Sous-section 5: Exception de nullit
Ingingo ya 92: Igihe inyandiko ishobora Article 92: Act becoming void due to Article 92: Cas dans lesquels un acte de
guta agaciro kubera inenge yimyandikire
irregularities in the form
procdure peut tre dclar nul pour vice
de forme
Ingingo
ya
yimyandikire
93:
Gukosora
inenge Article 93: Correcting irregularity in form
Article 93: Rgularisation ultrieure de

làcte de procdure pour vice de forme
Ingingo ya 94: Igihe inenge yimyandikire Article 94: Time for raising an objection Article 94: Moment o la nullit dun acte
ishobora kubyutswa
related to irregularity in form
de procedure pour vice de forme peut tre
invoque
Ingingo ya 95: Inenge iri mu nyandiko Article 95: Objection to the validity of a Article 95: Nullit dun acte de procdure
yurukiko yatewe nuyikemanga
procedural act based on the partys fault
tire de la faute de celui qui soulve
lexception
12

Ingingo ya 96: Inenge iri mu masezerano Article 96: Objection to the validity of an Article 96: Nullit dune convention dj
yarangijwe kubahirizwa
executed convention
excute
Ingingo ya 97: Igihe inenge yiremezo Article 97: Time for making an objection Article 97: Moment o la nullit pour vice
yinyandiko ishobora kubyutswa
for the non-observance of basic rules
de fond dun acte de procdure peut tre
invoque
Ingingo ya 98: Kutaba ngombwa Article 98: Non obligation to justify a Article 98: Non obligation de justifier un
kugaragaza icyo inenge yangirije kugira ngo complaint for admissibility of an exception grief pour que lexception de nullit pour
inzitizi ishingiye ku nenge yiremezo of nullity for non-observance of basic rules vice de fond soit dclare recevable
yakirwe
Akiciro ka 6: Inzitizi ijyanye no kwihana Sub
section
6:
Objection
abacamanza
disqualification of judges
Ingingo ya 99: Impamvu zo kwihana Article 99: Reasons to disqualify a judge
umucamanza
for Sous section 6: Exception relative la

rcusation des juges
Article 99: Motifs de rcusation du juge
Article 100: Kwivana mu rubanza ku Article 100: Voluntary withdrawal from a Article 100: Dport volontaire
bushake
case
Ingingo ya 101: Ububasha bwo gufata Article 101: Powers to take temporary Article 101: Pouvoir de prendre des
ibyemezo byagateganyo iyo hatanzwe decision on disqualification
mesures conservatoires en cas de
ikirego cyubwihane
rcusation
Ingingo ya 102: Uburyo bwo kuregera Article 102: Procedure to apply for Article 102: Procdure de rcusation
ubwihane
disqualification
Ingingo ya 103: Isuzuma
ryubwihane bwumucamanza
ryiyakira Article 103: Examining the admissibility of Article 103: Examen de ladmissibilit de la
an application for disqualification of a demande en rcusation dun juge
judge
13

Ingingo ya 104: Icibwa ryurubanza ku Article 104: Ruling on the application for Article 104: Jugement sur la demande en
kirego cyubwihane bwumucamanza
disqualifying a judge
rcusation dun juge
Ingingo ya 105: Ubujurire bwicyemezo Article 105: Appeal against a judgement on Article 105: Appel de la dcision sur la
gifashwe ku bwihane bwumucamanza
disqualification of a judge
rcusation dun juge
Akiciro ka 7: Inzitizi zijyanye no kwagura Sub section 7: Objections relating to Sous section 7: Exceptions relatives
urubanza
extension of a case
llargissement dinstance
Ingingo ya 106: Ikirego kiregera kwiregura
Article 106: A counterclaim
Ingingo ya 107: Igihe ibirego biregera Article 107: Period for filing counterclaims
kwiregura bitangirwa
Article 106: Demande reconventionnelle

Article 107: Moment dintroduire des
demandes reconventionnelles
Ingingo ya 108: Guca urubanza rumwe ku Article 108: Single judgement on the main Article 108: Jugement unique sur la
kirego cyiremezo nikigamije kwiregura
claim and the counterclaim
demande principale et la demande
reconventionnelle
Ingingo ya 109: Ibirego byinyongera ku Article 109: Claims arising from the Article 109: Demandes additionnelles la
birego byiremezo
original complaint
demande principale
Ingingo ya 110: Itangwa ryibirego
byinyongera
Article 110: Filing for the additional claims
Article 110: Introduction des demandes

additionnelles
Ingingo ya 111: Uburyo bwo kuburanisha Article 111: Hearing on the main suit and Article 111: Jugement sur la demande
ikirego cyibanze nibirego byinyongera
the additional claims
principale et les demandes additionnelles
Ingingo ya 112: Uburenganzira
kugoboka mu rubanza
bwo Article 112: Right to intervene in a case
Article 112: Droit dintervenir dans un

procs
Ingingo ya 113: Kugoboka ku bushake mu Article 113: Voluntary intervention in a Article 113: Intervention volontaire dans
rubanza
case
un procs
14

Ingingo ya 114: Kugaragaza
yemewe namategeko
inyungu Article 114: Proving legitimate interest
Ingingo ya 115: Uburyo bwo kugoboka ku Article 115: Modalities

bushake mu rubanza
intervention in a case
of
Article 114 : Justification dun intrt

lgitime
voluntary Article 115: Modalits

volontaire dans un procs
Ingingo ya 116: Guhatirwa kugoboka mu Article 116: Forced intervention in a case

rubanza
dintervention
Article 116: Intervention force

dans un procs
Ingingo ya 117: Abantu bashobora Article 117: Persons who may be forced to Article 117: Personnes pouvant faire objet
guhatirwa kugoboka mu rubanza
intervene in a case
dintervention force dans un procs
Ingingo ya 118: Igihe kugoboka ku gahato Article 118:
bidashobora gukorwa
intervention
Impossibility
of
forced Article 118: Cas o lintervention force ne

peut tre exerce
Ingingo ya 119: Ibisabwa kugira ngo ibirego Article 119: Requirements for the Article 119: Conditions de recevabilit des
byingoboka ku bushake cyangwa ku admissibility of voluntary or forced demandes en intervention force ou
gahato byakirwe
intervention
volontaire
Ingingo ya 120: Igihe kugoboka mu rubanza Article 120: Impossibility of intervention to Article 120: Cas o lintervention ne peut
bitabuza icibwa ryurubanza rwiremezo
delay the hearing of the main claim
retarder le jugement de la demande
originaire
Ingingo ya 121: Guhamagaza mu rubanza Article 121: Summoning the warrantor in Article 121: Mise en cause du garant
umwishingizi
the case
Ingingo ya 122: Kuburanisha
cyiremezo nicy ubwishingizi
ikirego Article 122: Hearing on the main suit and Article 122 : Jugement sur la demande
the guaranty
originaire et sur la demande en garantie
Akiciro ka 8: Inzitizi yerekeranye no Sub section 8: Objections relating to case Sous section 8: Exceptions relatives au
kohereza urubanza mu rundi rukiko
transfer
renvoi
15

Ingingo ya 123: Kwambura urubanza Article 123: Removal from a court and Article 123: Dessaisissement et renvoi
urukiko no kurwohereza mu rundi rukiko
transfer of a case to another court
Ingingo ya 124: Kohereza urubanza Article 124: Transferring a case by the Article 124: Renvoi ordonn
bitegetswe na Perezida wurukiko
order of the President of the Court
Prsident de la juridiction
par
le
Ingingo ya 125: Kohereza urubanza mu Article 125: Application for transfer of a Article 125: Renvoi sur requte dune
rundi rukiko biturutse ku kibazo case requested by a party
partie
cyumuburanyi
Ingingo ya 126: Uburyo kohereza urubanza Article 126: Mode of transferring a case
mu rundi rukiko bikorwamo
Article 126:Forme de renvoi
Ingingo ya 127: Guhagarikwa kurubanza Article 127: Suspensive effect of an Article 127: Effet suspensif de la demande
rwasabiwe kujyanwa mu rundi rukiko
application for transfer of a case
de renvoi
Akiciro ka 9: Inzitizi zerekeye guhagarika Sub section 9: Objections relating to Sous section 9: Exceptions relatives
no kongera gukomeza urubanza
interruption
and
resumption
of linterruption et la reprise dìnstance
proceedings
Ingingo ya 128: Impamvu zihagarika Article 128: Interruption factors which Article
128:
Causes
dinterruption
urubanza ariko zitarubuza gucibwa
cannot stop the court from ruling a case
nempchant pas la juridiction rendre la
dcision
Ingingo ya 129: Guhamagara abafite Article 129: Calling persons having Article 129: Reprise dinstance par ceux
ububasha mu rubanza bwo kurukomeza
capacity to continue the proceedings
qui ont la qualit pour reprendre linstance
Akiciro ka 10: Inzitizi zikuraho urubanza
Sub section 10: Objections relating to

extinction of proceedings
Ingingo ya 130: Igisobanuro cyo kureka Article 130 : Definition of withdrawal from
urubanza
a case
16
Sous section 10: Exceptions relatives

lextinction de linstance
Article 130 : Dfinition du dsistement
dinstance

Ingingo ya 131: Uburyo kureka urubanza Article 131: Form of withdrawal from a Article 131:
bikorwamo
case
dinstance
Ingingo ya 132 : Gusubira uko ibintu byari Article 132: Return the former situation
bimeze mbere
Forme
du
dsistement
Article 132: Remise au pristin tat
Ingingo ya 133: Igisobanuro cyo kwemera Article 133: Definition of acceptance of a Article 133: Dfinition de lacquiescement
ikirego
claim
Ingingo ya 134: Uburyo kwemera ikirego Article 134: Form of acceptance of a claim
bikorwamo
Article 134: Forme de lacquiescement
Ingingo ya 135: Kwemera ikirego bikorwa Article 135: Unilateral status of acceptance
numuburanyi umwe
Article 135: Caractre

lacquiescement
Ingingo ya 136: Inkurikizi zo kwemera Article 136: Effect of acceptance

ikirego
.
Ingingo ya 137: Ubusaze bwurubanza Article 137: Time limitation for a lawsuit
rwaregewe
Article 136: Effets de lacquiescement
unilatral
de
Article 137: Premption dinstance
Ingingo ya 138: Urubanza rwashajishijwe Article 138: A case lapsed by inaction of a Article 138: Premption
nuwareze
plaintiff
imputable au demandeur
dinstance
Ingingo ya 139: Inkurikizi zo kwemeza ko Article 139: Effects of limitation period of Article 139: Effets de la premption
urubanza rwashaje
a case
dinstance
Ingingo ya 140: Ingaruka yo gusaza ku Article 140: Effect of a case lapsing subject Article 140: Effet de la premption
rubanza rwasubirishijwemo, rwajuririwe to opposition, appeal and application for dinstance en cause dopposition, dappel
cyangwa rwasubirishijwemo ingingo nshya
review
ou de recours en rvision
Ingingo ya 141: Kujuririra icyemezo ku Article 141: Appeal against judgement on a Article 141: Recours contre la dcision sur
17

busaze bwurubanza
la premption dinstance
lapsed case
Icyiciro cya 3: Inzitizi zisaba kutakira Section 3: Request for inadmissibility of a Section 3: Fins de non-recevoir
ikirego
claim
Ingingo ya 142: Abashobora
impamvu ituma ikirego kitakirwa
gutanga Article 142: Persons who can request for Article 142: Personnes pouvant soulever
inadmissibility of a claim
une fin de non recevoir
Ingingo ya 143: Kujuririra icyemezo Article 143: Appeal against a judgement on Article 143: Recours contre une dcision
gifashwe ku mpamvu zituma ikirego request for inadmissibility of a claim
rendue sur une fin de non-recevoir
kitakirwa
UMUTWE
WA
RYURUBANZA
IV:
ICIBWA CHAPTER IV: JUDGEMENT
Icyiciro cya mbere: Gufata icyemezo mu Section One: Deliberations

guca urubanza
Ingingo ya 144: Igihe cyo guca urubanza
CHAPITRE IV: JUGEMENT
Section premire: Dlibr
Article 144: Period for deliberation of a Article 144: Moment du dlibr

case
Ingingo ya 145: Uburyo icyemezo cyo guca Article 145: Order of conducting debates Article 145: Procdure de dlibr
urubanza gifatwamo
on deliberations
Ingingo ya 146: Umushinga wurubanza
Article 146: Draft judgement
Article 146: Projet de jugement ou arrt
Icyiciro cya 2: Isomwa ryurubanza
Section 2 : Pronouncement of judgement
Section 2 : Prononc du jugement ou arrt
Ingingo ya 147: Isomwa ryurubanza mu Article 147: Pronouncement of judgement Article 147:Prononc en audience publique
ruhame
in public
Ingingo
ya
148:
Isomwa
ryurubanza Article 148: Pronouncement of a written Article 148: Prononc du jugement ou

18

rwanditse
judgement
Ingingo ya 149: Igihe urubanza rusomerwa
Article 149: limitation for pronouncement Article 149:Dlai du prononc

of a judgement
Ingingo ya
ibizakorwa
150:
Urubanza
rutegeka Article 150:

operation
arrt rdig
Judgement
ordering
Ingingo ya 151: Ibyandikwa mu rubanza Article 151:Contents of a judgement

ruciwe
Ingingo ya 152: Ibirego bisaba gusobanura
cyangwa gukosora amakosa ari mu rubanza
an Article 150: Jugement ou arrt ordonnant

une opration
Article 151:Contenu du jugement ou arrt
Article 152: Applications for interpretation Article 152: Requtes en interprtation ou

or correction of a judgement
en rectification de jugement ou arrt
Ingingo ya 153:Uburyo ibirego bisobanura Article 153: Rules of application for Article 153: Forme dintroduction des
cyangwa bikosora bitangwamo
interpretation or correction of a judgement requtes en interprtation ou en
rectification
Ingingo ya 154: Iburanisha ku birego Article 154: Hearing of an application for Article 154: Audience sur les requtes en
bikosora nibisobanura urubanza
correction or interpretation
rectification ou en interprtation
INTERURO
KUJURIRA
YA
IV:
INZIRA
ZO TITLE IV: PROCEDURES FOR APPEAL TITRE IV: DES VOIES DE RECOURS
UMUTWE WA MBERE: INZIRA ZO CHAPTER

ONE:
ORDINARY CHAPITRE PREMIER: DES VOIES DE
KUJURIRA ZISANZWE
PROCEDURE OF APPEAL
RECOURS ORDINAIRES
Icyiciro
cya
mbere:
Gusubirishamo Section One: Opposition
urubanza
Ingingo ya 155: Gusubirishamo urubanza Article 155: Opposition
rwaciwe uregwa adahari
19
Section premire: Opposition

Article 155: Opposition dun jugement
rendu par dfaut

Ingingo ya 156: Kwemera ko urubanza Article 156: Admissibility of opposition
rusubirishwamo
Article 156: Recevabilit de lopposition
Ingingo ya 157: Abemerewe gusubirishamo Article 157: Parties allowed to apply for Article 157:
urubanza
opposition
opposition
Ingingo
ya
158:
Ababuranyi
mu Article 158: Status of parties in opposition
isubirishwamo ryurubanza
.
Ingingo ya 159: Igihe cyo gusubirishamo Article 159: Time to apply for opposition
urubanza
Personnes
pouvant faire
Article 158: La qualit des parties en cas

dopposition
Article 159: Dlai pour faire opposition
Ingingo ya 160: Inkurikizi zurubanza Article 160: Effects of the judgement upon Article 160: Effet du jugement rendu sur
rwasubirishijwemo
opposition
opposition
Ingingo ya 161: Ihagarikwa ryirangiza Article 161: Suspending the execution of a Article 161: Effet suspensif dopposition
ryurubanza rwaciwe uregwa atitabye
default judgment as a result of opposition
Icyiciro cya 2: Ubujurire
Section 2: Appeal
Section 2: Appel
Ingingo ya 162: Umuburanyi ushobora Article 162: Party with the capacity to Article 162: Partie pouvant interjeter appel
kujurira
appeal
Ingingo ya 163: Igihe cyo kujurira
Article 163: Time limit for lodging an Article 163: Dlai dappel
appeal
Ingingo ya 164: Uburyo bwo kujurira
Article 164: Form of appeal
Article 164: Forme dappel
Ingingo ya 165: Ibigomba kuba biri mu Article 165: Contents of an application for Article 165: Contenu de lacte dappel
nyandiko yubujurire
appeal
Ingingo ya 166: Kutakirwa kubujurire
Article 166: Inadmissibility of an appeal

20
Article 166: Irrecevabilit dappel

Ingingo ya 167: Ubujurire bwuririye ku Article 167: Filing a cross appeal
bundi
Article 167: Appel incident
Ingingo ya 168: Ibuzwa ryibirego bishya ku Article 168: Prohibition to file new claims Article 168: Interdiction des demandes
rwego rwubujurire
at the appeal level
nouvelles en appel
Ingingo ya 169: Inkurikizi yo gusubiza
ikibazo uko cyari kimeze mbere
.
Ingingo ya 170: Ingaruka yo kuburanisha
mu bujurire mu mbibi zicyajuririwe
Ingingo ya
cyajuririwe
171:
Guhindura
Article 169: Effect of an appeal to return to Article 169: Effet relatif de lappel
the former situation of a case
Article 170: Effects of limiting the appeal Article 170: Effet dvolutif de lappel
court on the subject matter
icyemezo Article 171: Overruling the appealed Article 171: Rformation de la dcision
decision
appele
Ingingo ya 172: Kutaburanisha bundi Article 172: Court annulling the appealed Article 172: Absence dvocation
bushya urubanza
judgement
Ingingo ya 173 : Ihagarikwa ryirangiza Article 173: Suspension of execution of Article 173 : Effet suspensif de lappel
ryurubanza kubera ubujurire
judgment in the appeal time limit
Ingingo ya 174: Andi mategeko akurikizwa Article 174: Other applicable laws before Article 174: Autres rgles applicables
imbere yinkiko zubujurire
appeal courts
devant les juridictions dappel
UMUTWE
WA
II:
INZIRA
KUJURIRA ZIDASANZWE
Icyiciro cya mbere: Gutambamira
urubanza rwabandi
ZO CHAPTER
II:
EXTRAORDINARY CHAPITRE II: VOIES DE RECOURS
PROCEDURES OF APPEAL
EXTRAORDINAIRES
Section one : Opposition by a third party
Ingingo ya 175: Gutambamira urubanza Article 175: Third party opposition

rwabandi
21
Section premire: Tierce opposition
Article 175: Tierce opposition

Ingingo ya 176: Abemerewe gutambamira Article 176: Persons allowed to make a Article 176: Personnes pouvant faire la
urubanza rwabandi
third party opposition
tierce-opposition
Ingingo ya 177: Itambamirwa ryurubanza Article 177: Third opposition against Article 177: Tierce opposition en cas
rwabandi rusangiwe nababuranyi benshi
several joint parties
dindivisibilit des parties
Ingingo ya 178: Urubanza rutambamirwa
Article 178: Judgement subject to third Article 178: Jugement susceptible de tierce
party opposition
opposition
Ingingo ya 179: Igihe cyo gutambamira Article 179: Time limit for filing a third Article 179: Dlai pour faire une tierce
urubanza rwabandi
party opposition
opposition
Ingingo ya 180: Uburyo gutambamira Article 180: Procedure for third party Article 180: Mise en uvre de la tierce
urubanza rwabandi bikorwamo
opposition
opposition
Ingingo ya 181: Iburanishwa ryurubanza Article 181: Hearing of a third party Article 181:
rutambamirwa
opposition
opposition
Audience
sur
la
tierce
Ingingo ya 182: Inkurikizi zurubanza Article 182: Effects of judgement accepting Article 182: Effets du jugement faisant
rwemera ko itambama rifite ishingiro
grounds of a third party opposition
droit la tierce-opposition
Ingingo ya 183: Inzira zo kujurira ku Article 183: Procedures of appeal against a Article 183: Voies de recours contre une
rubanza
ruciwe
nurukiko
habaye third party opposition judgement
dcision rendue sur tierce opposition
itambamirarubanza
Icyiciro cya 2: Gusubirishamo urubanza Section 2: Case review
ingingo nshya
Section 2: Recours en rvision
Ingingo ya 184: Gusubirishamo urubanza Article 184: Application for review

Article 184: Recours en rvision
ingingo nshya
Ingingo ya 185: Abemerewe gusaba Article 185: Parties allowed to apply for Article 185: Personnes pouvant faire du
gusubirishamo urubanza ingingo nshya
review
recours en rvision
22

Ingingo ya 186: Impamvu zituma habaho Article 186: Reasons for application for Article 186: Causes douverture du recours
review
en rvision
Ingingo ya 187: Igihe cyo gusubirishamo Article 187: Time limit to apply for review
urubanza ingingo nshya
Article 187: Dlai pour former recours en

rvision
Ingingo ya 188: Itangwa ryikirego kigamije Article 188: Filing an application for Article 188: Introduction dune demande
review
de recours en rvision
Ingingo ya 189: Urukiko ruburanisha Article 189: Competent
ikirego gisaba gusubirishamo urubanza applications for review
ingingo nshya
court
for Article 189: Juridiction comptente pour

connatre dune demande en rvision
Ingingo ya 190: Irangizwa ryurubanza mu Article 190: Execution of a contested Article 190: Excution du jugement en cas
gihe cyo gusubirishamo urubanza ingingo judgement pending the application for de recours en rvision
nshya
review
Ingingo ya 191: Kwakira gusubirishamo Article 191: Admissibility
application for review
of
the Article 191: Recevabilit du recours en

rvision
Ingingo ya 192: Kutakira

rusubirishwamo ingingo nshya
of
the Article 192: Irrecevabilit du recours en

rvision
urubanza Article 192: Inadmissibility

Ingingo
ya
193:
Ukutajuririrwa Article 193: lack of procedures of appeal Article 193: Absence de recours contre la
kwicyemezo gifashwe mu gusubirishamo against decision on the application for dcision rendue en matire de rvision
review
INTERURO YA V: UBURYO BWO TITLE V: SURETY AND EXECUTION TITRE V: VOIES DE SURETE ET
GUSHINGANA NUBWO KURANGIZA OF JUDGEMENTS
DEXECUTION
DES
DECISIONS
IMANZA
JUDICIAIRES
23

UMUTWE WA MBERE: IRANGIZA CHAPTER ONE: EXECUTION
RYIMANZA NINYANDIKO
JUDICIAL DECISIONS AND ACTS
Icyiciro cya mbere: Ingingo rusange
Section One: General provisions
OF CHAPITRE PREMIER: EXECUTION

DES DECISIONS JUDICIAIRES ET
ACTES
Section premire: Dispositions gnrales
Ingingo ya 194: Ingwate

byimukanwa nibitimukanwa
ku
bintu Article 194: Security on movable and Article 194: Gage sur le patrimoine
immovable assets
mobilier et immobilier
Ingingo ya 195: Impamvu

ryimanza cyangwa inyandiko
yirangiza Article 195: Purpose of execution of Article 195: Raison dtre de lexcution
judgments or acts
des dcisions judiciaires ou actes
Ingingo ya 196: Irangiza ryurubanza Article 196: Voluntary execution of a Article 196: Excution volontaire dune
cyangwa inyandiko rikorwa ku bushake
judgement or act
dcision judiciaire ou acte
Ingingo ya 197: Irangiza ryurubanza Article 197: Compulsory execution of a Article 197: Excution
cyangwa inyandiko rikozwe ku gahato
judgement or act
force
Ingingo ya 198: Inyandikompesha
Article 198: Enforcement orders
Article 198: Titres excutoires
Ingingo ya 199: Inyandikompuruza
Article 199: Enforcement formula
Article 199: Formule excutoire
dune
200:
Assistance
from Article 200: Assistance des autorits
Ingingo ya 200: Ubufasha bwabayobozi bo Article
mu nzego z'ubuyobozi n'abashinzwe administrative authorities and security administratives et officiers des forces de
umutekano
forces
lordre
Ingingo ya 201: Abashinzwe kurangiza Article 201: Staff in charge of execution of Article 201: Agents chargs de lexcution
imanza, ibyemezo n'inyandiko ziriho judgements, orders and writs with an des dcisions judiciaires, des ordonnances
inyandikompuruza
executory formula
et autres actes revtus de la formule
excutoire
Ingingo ya 202: Igihe imanza, ibyemezo Article 202: Period for executing judicial
Article 202: Dlai dexcution des dcisions
cyangwa
inyandiko
ziriho decisions or acts bearing the executory
judiciaires ou actes revtus de la formule
24

inyandikompuruza birangizwa
excutoire
formula
Icyiciro cya 2: Irangiza ku neza cyangwa ku Section 2: Voluntary or compulsory Section 2: Excution volontaire ou force
gahato ryibyemezo byinkiko cyangwa enforcement of a judgement or act
dune dcision judiciaire ou acte
inyandiko
Ingingo
ya
203:
Uburyo
irangiza Article 203: Modalities of executing court Article 203: Procdure de lexcution des
ry'ibyemezo byinkiko cyangwa inyandiko decisions or acts
dcisions judiciaires ou actes
rikorwa
Ingingo ya 204: Kurangiririza mu Rwanda Article 204: Exequatur
imanza
ninyandikomvaho
byo
mu
mahanga
Article 204: Exequatur
Ingingo ya 205: Kurangiriza mu Rwanda Article 205: Execution of court decisions Article 205: Excution des dcisions
ibyemezo
byinkiko
ninyandiko rendered and deeds made in Rwanda
judiciaires rendues et les actes passs au
byahakorewe
Rwanda
Ingingo ya 206: Imanza zivanaho ifatira, Article 206: Judgments pronouncing a Article 206: Dcisions prononant une
zitegeka gusiba icyanditswe mu bitabo release, cancellation of an inscription or main-leve, une radiation dinscription aux
payment
byabugenewe cyangwa kwishyura
registres, ou un paiement
Ingingo
ya
207:
Ifatira
byimukanwa n'ibitimukanwa
ryibintu Article 207: Seizure of movable and Article

207:
immovable property
immobilire
Ingingo ya 208: Impaka zishingiye ku Article 208: Disputes

execution of a judgement
irangiza ry'ibyemezo byinkiko
regarding
Saisie
mobilire
ou
the Article 208: Contestations en rapport avec

lexcution dune dcision judiciaire
Ingingo ya 209: Urugomo rukorewe Article 209: Attack or harassment against Article 209: Atteinte contre un agent
officer executing a court decision
ushinzwe kurangiza icyemezo cyurukiko
charg de lexcution dune dcision
judiciaire
25

Icyiciro cya 3: Irangiza ryurubanza
ryagateganyo
Section 3: Provisional execution of a Section 3: Excution provisoire

judgement
Ingingo
ya
210:
Igihe
irangizwa Article 210: Prohibition of provisional Article 210: Cas o lexcution provisoire
ry'urubanza ry'agateganyo ribujijwe
execution of judgement
est interdite
Ingingo ya 211: Igihe irangiza ry'urubanza Article 211: Case
ry'agateganyo ari itegeko
provisional execution
of
compulsory Article 211: Cas o lexcution provisoire

est de droit
Ingingo ya 212: Igihe irangiza ry'urubanza Article 212: Provisional execution ordered Article 212: Cas o lexcution provisoire
ry'agateganyo ritangwa ntawurisabye
by court
est accorde doffice
Ingingo ya 213: Igihe irangiza ry'urubanza Article 213: Provisional execution upon Article 213: Cas o lexcution provisoire
ry'agateganyo ritangwa ari uko risabwe application by a party
est accorde la demande dune partie
n'umwe mu baburanyi
Ingingo
ya
214:
Guhagarika Article 214: Suspension of provisional Article 214: Dfenses excution
irangizarubanza by'agateganyo mu rukiko execution before the appeal court
provisoire devant une juridiction dappel
rwajuririwe
Ingingo ya 215: Ibitswa ryingwate
Article 215: Deposit of securities
Article 215: Dept de la consignation
Icyiciro cya 4: Igihano gihatira kurangiza Section 4: Penalty forcing the execution
urubanza
Section 4: Astreinte
Ingingo ya 216: Igihano cyo kwishyura Article 216: Sentence to pay a fine for
amafaranga y' ubukererwe
delay payment
Article 216: Condamnation au paiement

dune somme dargent d au retard
Ingingo ya 217: Kwakira ikirego gisaba Article 217: Admissibility of a claim Article 217: Recevabilit de la demande
igihano gihatira kurangiza urubanza
requesting the penalty forcing the dastreinte
execution
26

Ingingo ya 218: Kwemeza umubare Article 218: Approval of the amount of Article 218:
w'amafaranga yigihano gihatira kurangiza money paid for the penalty forcing the dastreinte
urubanza
execution
Fixation
dune
somme
Ingingo ya 219: Kugena igihe igihano Article 219: Determining the time upon Article 219: Accord du dlai de suspension
gihatira kurangiza urubanza kizaba which the forced execution is suspended
de lastreinte
gihagaritswe
Ingingo ya 220: Kuvanaho cyangwa Article 220 : Canceling or suspending the Article 220: Suppression ou suspension
guhagarika byagateganyo igihano gihatira penalty of forced execution of judgement
provisoire de lastreinte
kurangiza urubanza
Ingingo ya 221: Kubuza irangiza ryigihano Article 221: Effect of a penalty during the Article 221: Interdiction de lastreinte
gihatira kurangiza urubanza
bankruptcy
Ingingo ya 222: Ihagarikwa ryigihano Article 222: Cease of the penalty of a fixed Article 222: Cessation de lastreinte une
cyamafaranga
gihatira
kurangiza sum
somme dargent
urubanza
UMUTWE
WA
RYIBYIMUKANWA
II:
IFATIRA CHAPTER II : SEIZURE OF MOVABLE CHAPITRE II : SAISIES MOBILIERES

PROPERTY
Icyiciro cya mbere: Ifatira ryagateganyo
Section One: Provisional seizure
Akiciro ka mbere: Ifatira ryagateganyo rya Sub-section

rusange
seizure
One:
General
Section premire: Saisie conservatoire

provisional Sous-section premire: Saisie conservatoire
gnrale
Ingingo ya 223: Ifatira ryagateganyo Article 223: Provisional seizure with or Article 223: Saisie conservatoire avec ou
rishingiye
cyangwa
ridashingiye
ku without enforcement order
sans titre excutoire
inyandikompesha
27

Ingingo ya 224: Icyemezo cyo gufatira Article 224: Court order for provisional Article 224:
byagateganyo
seizure
conservatoire
Ingingo ya 225: Amategeko agenga ifatira Article
225:
Provisions
ryagateganyo
provisional seizure
Akiciro ka
ryihariye
2:
Ifatira
de
saisie
governing Article 225: Dispositions applicables en

matire de saisie conservatoire
ryagateganyo Sub section 2: Special provisional seizure
A. Ifatiratambama ryagateganyo
Ordonnance
A. Provisional seizure by garnishment
Ingingo
ya
226:
Ifatiratambama Article 226: Third party provisional
ryagateganyo mu maboko yundi muntu
seizure by garnishment
Sous section 2: Saisie conservatoire spciale
A. Saisie- arrt conservatoire

Article 226: Saisiearrt conservatoire
Ingingo
ya
227:
Inyandiko Article 227: Writ for provisional seizure Article 227: Exploit de saisie-arrt
yifatiratambama ryagateganyo
by garnishment
Ingingo ya 228: Inkurikizi yurwandiko Article 228: Effect of a writ for seizure by Article 228: Effet de lexploit de saisie rwifatiratambama
garnishment
arrt
Ingingo
ya
229:
Kumenyesha Article 229: Informing the debtor of the Article 229: Dnonciation au dbiteur de la
ifatiratambama urimo umwenda
application for seizure by garnishment
saisie-arrt
Ingingo
ya
230:
Gusaba
kugombora ibyafatiriwe
urukiko Article 230: Lifting the seizure
Article 230: Main leve de la saisie
Ingingo ya 231: Urukiko rufite ububasha Article 231: Competent court to order the Article 231: Juridiction comptente pour
bwo gusuzuma ibibazo bisaba kugombora lifting of seizure
dcider de la main leve
ibyafatiriwe
Ingingo
ya
232:
Gutegeka
ibyafatiriwe kuvuga uko bingana
ubitse Article 232: Ordering the ganishee to Article 232: Sommation du tiers saisi
dclarer la valeur des biens saisis
declare the value of seized property
28

Ingingo ya 233:
bibitswe nubifite
Kuvuga
ibyafatiriwe Article 233: Declaration of a garnishee of Article 233: Dclaration du tiers saisi des
goods in his/her possession
biens en sa possession
Ingingo ya 234: Gusobanura neza ibintu Article 234: Detailed explanation of seized Article 234: Dclaration dtaille des biens
byimukanwa byafatiriwe bibitswe
movable property
mobiliers saisis
Ingingo ya 235: Umutungo wafatiriwe Article 235: Value of the property seized is Article 235: Biens saisis dont le montant est
urusha agaciro umwenda
superior to the value of the debt
suprieur la crance
B. Ifatira ryibyimukanwa byutishyuye
ubukode
B. Seizure a tenants movable property
B. Saisie-gagerie
Ingingo ya 236: Igisobanuro cyifatira Article 236: Definition of seizure of Article 236: Dfinition de la saisie-gagerie
ryibyimukanwa byutishyuye ubukode
tenants movable property
Ingingo ya 237: Gushinganisha ibintu biri Article 237: Attaching objects and other Article 237: Saisie- gagerie des effets et
mu nzu yakodeshejwe nibihingwa biri mu goods found in the leased buildings and on fruits se trouvant dans les btiments et les
mirima
the land
terres loues
Ingingo ya 238: Amategeko agenga ifatira Article 238: Provisions governing seizure of Article 238: Dispositions rgissant la saisieryibyimukanwa byutishyuye
tenants property
gagerie
C. Ifatira ryibintu byumugenzi
C. Seizure of an itinerants property
C. Saisie foraine
Ingingo ya 239: Igisobanuro cyifatira Article 239: Definition of the seizure of an Article 239: Dfinition de la saisie foraine
ryibintu byumugenzi
itinerants property
Ingingo
ya
240:
Ifatira
ryibintu Article 240: Seizure of an itinerants Article 240: Saisie foraine sans titre
byumugenzi mu gihe nta nyandikompesha property without enforceable order
excutoire
ihari
29

Ingingo ya 241: Inzira ifatira ryibintu Article 241: Procedure of seizure of an Article 241: Procdure de la saisie foraine
byumugenzi rinyuramo
itinerants property
Ingingo ya 242: Guhindura ifatira ryibintu Article 242: Turning
seizure of an Article 242: Conversion de la saisie foraine
byumugenzi mu ifatirabwishyu
itinerants property into distraint
en saisie excution
D. Ifatira ngaruzamutungo
D. seizure of recovered property
D. Saisie- revendication
Ingingo ya 243: Igisobanuro cyifatira Article 243: Definition of seizure of Article 243:
revendication
ngaruzamutungo
recovered property
Ingingo ya 244:
ngaruzamutungo
Ikoreshwa
ryifatira Article 244: Use of seizure of recovered Article 244:

property
revendication
Dfinition
de
la
saisie-
Recours
la
saisie-
Ingingo ya 245: Ifatira ngaruzamutungo Article 245: Seizure of recovered property Article 245: Saisie-revendication
ridashingiye ku nyandikompesha
which is not based on an enforcement couverte par un titre excutoire
order
non
Ingingo ya 246: Urukiko ufite ububasha Article 246: Competent court for seizure of Article 246: Juridiction comptente pour
bwo kwemeza ifatira ngaruzamutungo
recovered property
connaitre de la saisie-revendication
Ingingo ya 247: Amategeko agenga ifatira
ngaruzamutungo
Ingingo ya 248: Ibisabwa umuntu ushaka
kugaruza ibye byafatiriwe
Article 247: Provisions governing the

seizure of recovered property
Article 248: Requirements for a person
wanting to recover his/her property seized
Article 247: Dispositions rgissant la saisierevendication

Article 248: Conditions dexercer le droit
de suite sur les biens saisis
Ingingo ya 249: Urubanza rwa burundu Article 249: Final judgement asserting the Article 249: Jugement dfinitif confirmant
rwemeza uburenganzira bwugaruza ibye
right of a plaintiff
le droit du propritaire revendiquant
E. Ifatira ryumwenda wubucuruzi
E. Commercial seizure
E. Saisie commerciale
Ingingo ya 250: Igisobanuro cyifatira Article 250: Definition of commercial Article

30
250:
Dfinition
de
la
saisie

ryumwenda wubucuruzi
seizure
commerciale
Ingingo ya 251: Ifatira ryumwenda Article 251: Commercial seizure in the Article 251: Saisie commerciale en cas
wubucuruzi mu gihe nta nyandikompesha absence of an enforcement order
dabscence du titre excutoire
iriho
Ingingo ya 252: Igurishwa ryicyafatiriwe
Article 252: Sale of seized goods
Article 252: Ralisation du bien saisi
Icyiciro cya 2: Ifatirabwishyu
Section 2: Distraint
Section 2: Saisie-excution
Akiciro ka mbere: Ifatirabwishyu rya

rusange
Sub-section One : General distraint
Sous-section premire : Saisie-excution

gnrale
Ingingo ya 253: Irangizwa ku gahato

ryurubanza
Article 253: Forced enforcement
Article 253: Excution force dune

dcision judiciaire
Ingingo ya
kwishyura
254:
Icyemezo
gihatira Article 254: Court order to pay
Article 254: Commandement de payer
Ingingo ya 255: Abantu bagomba kuba Article 255: Parties to be present during Article 255: Parties prsentes au moment
bahari mu gihe cyifatira
the seizure
de la saisie
Ingingo ya 256: Ibikubiye mu nyandiko Article 256: Content of the statement of Article 256: Contenu du procs-verbal de
mvugo yifatira
seizure
saisie
Ingingo ya 257: Ifatira ryibintu bikoreshwa Article 257: Seizure of property used in the Article 257: Saisie des biens servant
mu
kubyaza
umusaruro
umutungo operations of a business or of lands
lexploitation dun fonds de commerce ou
wubucururi cyangwa ubutaka
de terre
Ingingo ya 258: Ifatira mu gihe inzugi Article 258: Seizure where doors are closed
zifunze
31
Article 258: Saisie en cas de portes fermes

Ingingo ya 259: Gushyiraho umurinzi Article 259: Appointment of a custodian of Article 259: Constitution dun gardien des
wibyafatiriwe
a seized property
biens saisis
Ingingo ya 260: Igice cyibintu byimukanwa Article 260: Unseizable movable property
kidashobora gufatirwa
Article 260: Biens mobiliers insaisissables
Ingingo ya 261: Kugenzura ko ibyafatiriwe Article 261: Verifying the existence and Article 261: Vrification de lexistence et
bikiriho nuko bimeze
state of seized property
de ltat des objets saisis
Ingingo ya 262: Ibihano
Article 262: Penalties
Ingingo
ya
263:
Igihe
ryibyafatiriwe rikorerwamo
Ingingo ya
gikoreshwa
264:
Uburyo
Article 262: Peines
igurishwa Article 263: Period for auctioning seized Article 263: Dlais de vente des biens saisis
property
icyamunara Article 264: Auction modalities
Article 264: Modalits de la vente aux

enchres
Ingingo ya 265: Uruhare rwumuhesha Article 265: Responsibility of a court bailiff

winkiko
Article 265: Responsabilit de lhuissier
Ingingo ya 266: Inyandikomvugo yigurisha Article 266: Statement of the auction

rya cyamunara
Article 266: Procs verbal de vente aux

enchres
Ingingo ya
cyamunara
Article 267: Surseoir la vente aux

enchres
267:
Ingingo ya 268:
ryibyafatiriwe
Guhagarika
Kubuza
guteza Article 267: Staying the auction
igurisha Article 268: Objecting the sale of seized Article 268: Opposition la vente aux
property
enchres des objets saisis
Ingingo ya 269: Ufite ububasha bwo guteza Article 269: Competent person to conduct Article 269: Personne comptente pour
cyamunara
public auction
procder la vente aux enchres
32

Akaciro ka 2: Ifatirabwishyu ryihariye
A. Ifatiratambama rya burundu
Sub-section 2: Special distraint

A. Final seizure by garnishment
Sous-section 2: Saisie-excution spciale

A. Saisie-arrt excution
Ingingo ya 270: Ifatiratambama rya Article 270: Final seizure by garnishment Article 270: Saisie-arrt excution faite par
burundu rigambiriye kwishyurwa rikozwe operated by a creditor with an enforcement un crancier nanti dun titre excutoire
nuberewemo
umwenda
ufite order
inyandikompesha
Ingingo ya 271: Inkurikizi ku ubonye Article 271: Effects of receiving a final Article 271: Effet de la rception de lacte
inyandiko yifatiratambama
order of seizure by garnishment
de saisie- arrt excution
Ingingo
ya 272:
Kugaragaza
uko Article 272:Declaration of the amount of Article 272 : Dclaration des sommes ou
amafaranga cyangwa ibintu bibitswe money or property subject to seizure
objets de la saisie
bingana
Ingingo ya 273: Umuburanyi utemera Article 273: Party objecting the declared Article 273: Partie qui conteste la valeur
agaciro kibyagaragajwe
value of the property
dclare
Ingingo ya 274: Kutabaho kwimpaka ku Article 274: Absence of objection to the Article 274: Absence de contestation sur la
byagaragajwe cyangwa ikibazo gisaba declaration or no application for dclaration ou demande en main leve
redeeming the seized property
Ingingo ya 275: Iregwa ryuwabikijwe Article 275: Suing the garnishee
ibyafatiriwe
Article 275: Action contre le tiers saisi
Ingingo
ya
276:
Kumenyesha Article 276: Notification of seizure by Article 276: Signification de la saisie-arrt
ifatiratambama Leta cyangwa imiryango garnishment to the Government or public lEtat ou aux personnes morales de droit
yigenga cyangwa ibigo bya Leta bifite or private legal entities
public ou priv
ubuzimagatozi
33

Ingingo ya 277: Guhana ubitse ibintu Article 277: Punishing the garnishee
byundi byafatiriwe
Article 277: Condamnation du tiers saisi
Ingingo ya 278: Gufatira umutungo bitewe Ingingo ya 278: Seizure of property due to Ingingo ya 278: Saisie du patrimoine pour
no kutishyura imisoro namahoro
non payment of taxes
cause de non paiement de taxes
B. Ifatirwa ryibihingwa bitarasarurwa
Ingingo ya 279: Igisobanuro cyifatira
ryibihingwa bitarasarurwa
B. Seizure of standing crops
B. Saisie de la rcolte sur pied
Article 279: Definition of seizure of

standing crops
Article 279: Dfinition de la saisie de la

rcolte sur pied
Ingingo ya 280: Igisobanuro cyifatira Article 280: Definition of seizure of income Article 280: Dfinition de la saisie des
ryinyungu ziturutse ku byeguriwe undi from assigned property or pension benefits intrts des biens cds ou des rentes de
cyangwa ryamafaranga ya pansiyo
retraite
Ingingo ya 281: Ibisabwa kugira ngo ifatira Article 281: Conditions of validity of the Article 281: Condition de validit de la
ryinyungu ziturutse ku byeguriwe undi seizure of income of assigned property or saisie des intrts des biens cds ou des
cyangwa za pansiyo ryemerwe
pension benefits
rentes de retraite
Ingingo ya 282: Inkurikizi
ryurwandiko rwishyuza
zitangwa Article 282: Effects of the notification of Article 282: Effets de la signification du
the order to pay
commandement de payer
UMUTWE
WA
III:
IBYEMEZO CHAPTER
III:
CONSERVATORY CHAPITRE
III:
BYAGATEGANYO
NIFATIRA MEASURES
AND
SEIZURE
OF CONSERVATOIRES
RYIBINTU BITIMUKANWA
IMMOVABLE PROPERTY
IMMOBILIERES
Icyiciro
cya
byagateganyo
mbere:
Ibyemezo Section One: Conservatory measures
ET
MESURES
SAISIES
Section premire: Mesures conservatoires
Ingingo
ya
283:
Gutambamira Article 283: Preventing the transfer of the Article 283 Opposition la mutation dun
ihinduzamutungo ryibintu bitimukanwa
immovable property
immeuble
34

Icyiciro
cya
bitimukanwa
2:
Ifatira
ryibintu Section 2: Distraint on immovable property Section 2: Saisie-excution immobilire
Ingingo ya 284: Gukurikirana

ryibintu bitimukanwa
ifatira Article 284: Applying for distraint on Article 284:

immovable property
immobilire
Ingingo ya 285: Igihe ifatira ryibintu Article 285: Possibility

bitimukanwa rishoboka
immovable property
seizure
Poursuite
de
la
saisie
of Article 285: Cas de possibilit de saisie

immobilire
Ingingo
ya
286:
Ifatira
ryibintu Article 286: Seizure of recorded and non Article 286: Saisie immobiliere des
bitimukanwa byanditswe mu bitabo recorded immovable property
immeubles enregistrs et non enregistrs
byubutaka niryibitanditswe
Ingingo ya 287: Impapuro
uberewemo umwenda ushaka
ikintu kitimukanwa
Ingingo ya 288: Icyemezo cyishyuza
zisabwa Article 287: Ducuments required from a Article 287: Documents exigs au crancier
gufatira creditor who wishes to undertake the qui veut poursuivre une saisie immobilire
seizure of immovable property
Article 288: Order to pay
Ingingo
ya
289:
Ifatira
ryikintu Article 289: Seizure of immovable property Article 289: Saisie dun bien immeuble
kitimukanwa gisangiwe nabantu benshi
belonging to several joint owners
appartenant plusieurs personnes
Ingingo ya 290: Ibikubiye mu cyemezo Article 290: Contents of an order to pay
Article 290: Contenu du commandement
cyishyuza
de payer
Ingingo ya 291: Ushyikirizwa kopi Article 291: Person to whom the copy of Article 291: Personne qui la copie du
yurwandiko rutegeka kwishyura
the order to pay is sent
commandement de payer est adresse
Ingingo ya 292: Amasezerano yubukode Article 292:
adafite itariki isobanutse
duration
Leases
for
unspecified Article 292: Baux qui nont pas de date

certaine
Ingingo
ya
293:
Gutanga
ibintu Article 293: Alienation of immovable Article 293: Alination des immeubles et
bitimukanwa cyangwa ubundi buryo bwose property and establishment of any charge constitution de servitude
35

bwo kwemera ko hagira undi ubigiraho related to it
uruhare
Ingingo ya 294: Kudafatira inzu umutindi Article 294:Seizure prohibited on the house Article 294: Insaisissabilit de lhabitation
nyakujya atuyemo
of a destitute
dun indigent
Ingingo ya 295:
rya cyamunara
Itangazwa
ryigurishwa Article 295: Publication of the public Article 295: Publication de la vente
auction
publique
Ingingo ya 296: Imanikwa ryamatangazo Article 296: Posting advertisements of Article 296: Affichage des communiqus
yicyamunara
public auctions
des ventes publiques
Ingingo ya 297: Umunsi nisaha bya Article 297: Day and hour of the public Article 297: Jour et heure de ladjudication
cyamunara
auction
Ingingo ya 298: Igiciro cyipiganwa mu Article 298: Auction price
cyamunara
Article 298: Prix dadjudication
Ingingo ya 299 Guhagarara kwinshingano Article 299: Termination of the bidders Article 299: Cessation des obligations de
zupiganwa
obligations
lnchrisseur
Ingingo ya 300: Kurangira kwipiganwa
Article 300: Fin de ladjudication
Article 300: End of the auction
Ingingo ya 301: Kwimura cyamunara Article 301: Adjournment of a public Article 301 : Remise dadjudication sur
bitegetswe nurukiko
auction ordered by a court
ordre du juge
Ingingo ya 302: Isubikwa rya cyamunara Article 302: Postponment
nuruhande rumwe
requested by one party
of
auction Article 302: Remise de ladjudication sur

demande dune partie
Ingingo ya 303: Kurangira kwa cyamunara Article 303: Closing the auction of several Article 303: Fin de ladjudication de
gitezwa ku bintu byinshi bitimukanwa pieces of immovable property or several plusieurs immeubles ou parties divisibles
cyangwa ku bice byinshi byagabanywa divisible parts of one piece of immovable dun immeuble
36

byikintu kimwe kitimukanwa
property
Ingingo ya 304: Cyamunara cyibintu Article 304: Auction of several immovables Article 304: Vente aux enchres de
byinshi bitimukanwa cyangwa ibice byinshi or several parts of a piece of immovable plusieurs immeubles ou parties dun mme
byikintu kimwe kitimukanwa gishobora property
immeuble pouvant tre fractionn
kugurishwa ibice
Ingingo ya 305: Uburenganzira bwurimo Article 305: Right of the distrainee debtor Article 305: Droit du dbiteur saisi
umwenda wafatiriwe afite ibintu byinshi owns several pieces of immovable property possdant plusieurs immeubles
bitimukanwa
Ingingo ya 306: Inyandiko yigurisha Article 306: Deeds of the auction and terms Article 306: Acte dadjudication et
nuburyo bwo kwishyura mu cyamunara
of payment of auction price
modalits
de
paiement
du
prix
dadjudication
Ingingo ya 307: Iyishyurwa ryuberewemo Article 307: Payment of the creditor
umwenda
Article 307: Paiement du crancier
Ingingo ya 308: Kugabana amafaranga Article 308: Sharing the proceeds of the Article 308: Partage du produit de la vente
yavuye mu cyamunara
auction
UMUTWE
WA
IV:
INGINGO CHAPTER IV: COMMON PROVISIONS CHAPITRE
IV:
DISPOSITIONS
ZIHURIWEHO
NAMOKO
YOSE TO ALL TYPES OF SEIZURE BASED COMMUNES A TOUTES LES SAISIES
YIFATIRA
ZISHINGIYE
KU ON ENFORCEMENT ORDER
BASEES SUR UN TITRE EXECUTOIRE
NYANDIKOMPESHA
Ingingo ya 309: Gukemura ibibazo Article
309:
Resolving
procedural Article 309: Rsolution des difficults de
byerekeye imihango yifatira bivutse mu difficulties occurred in the course of procdure qui se produisent au cours de la
gihe cyifatira
seizure
saisie
Ingingo ya 310: Kwishyura ababerewemo Article 310: Payment of secured and Article
310:
Dsintressement
des
imyenda bafite ingwate nabatayifite
unsecured creditors
cranciers privilgis et chirographaires
37

Ingingo ya 311: Kutemera uburyo igabana Article 311: Disagreement on the Article 311: Contestation de lordre
ryakozwe na Perezida wurukiko
distribution carried out by the President of propos par le Prsident de la juridiction
the court
Ingingo ya 312: Kongera guteza cyamura Article 312: Reauctioning the property
icyari cyaguzwe
Article 312: Remise de lobjet en vente aux

enchres
Ingingo ya
byafatiriwe
Article 313 : Libration des choses saisies
313:
Gucungura
ibintu Article 313: Redemption of seized property

gucungura ibyafatiriwe
bwo Article 314: Right to redeem the seized Article 314: Droit de librer les choses
property
saisies
Ingingo ya 315: Ibibujijwe uwasabye ifatira
INTERURO
YA
IMIBURANISHIRIZE YIHARIYE
Article 315 : Prohibition to the distrainer Article 315: Interdiction au saisissant de

to appropriate seized property
sapproprier des biens saisis
VI: TITLE VI: SPECIAL PROCEEDINGS
TITRE
VI:
PARTICULIERES
PROCEDURES
UMUTWE
WA
MBERE :
IMIBURANISHIRIZE
YIMANZA
ZIMBONEZAMUBANO
NIZUMURIMO
Icyiciro cya mbere: Ingingo zerekeye
ibirego byihutirwa
CHAPTER
ONE:
PROCEEDINGS CHAPITRE
PREMIER :
RELATING TO CIVIL AND LABOUR PROCEDURE EN MATIERE CIVILE ET
CASES
SOCIALE
Section one: Provisions relating to
summary procedure
Section premire: Dispositions relatives

la procdure de rfr
Ingingo ya 316: Urukiko rufite ububaha

bwo kuburanisha ibirego byihutirwa
Article 316: Competent court in terms of

summary procedure
Article 316: Juridiction comptente en

matire de rfr
Ingingo ya 317:
ububasha
bwo
byihutirwa
Abacamanza bafite Article 317: Summary procedure judges

gusuzuma
ibirego
38
Article 317: Juges des rfers

Ingingo ya 318: Iminsi ihamagara rimara
Ingingo ya
ryicyemezo
319:
Iburanisha
Ingingo ya
byihutirwa
320:
Isuzuma
Article 318: Period of summons
nifatwa Article 319: Hearing and

summary procedure order
ryibirego Article
320:
Examining
procedure claims
rendering Article
319:
Audience
dordonnance de rfr
et
prise
summary Article 320 : Examen des demandes en

rfr
Ingingo ya 321: Irangizwa ryagateganyo Article 321: Provisional execution

ryibyemezo byibirego byihutirwa
summary procedure orders
of Article 321: Excution provisoire des

ordonnances de rfr
Ingingo ya 322: Isubirishamo nubujurire Article 322: Opposition and appeal against Article 322: Opposition et appel des
byibyemezo
byafashwe
ku
birego summary procedure orders
ordonnances de rfr
byihutirwa
Ingingo ya 323: Ibirego byihutirwa mu Article 323: Summary procedure
manza zubutegetsi nizubucuruzi
administrative and commercial affairs
Icyiciro cya 2: Inyandiko
gitanzwe numuburanyi umwe
yikibazo Section 2: Exparte application
Ingingo ya 324: Igisobanuro cyinyandiko Article 324:

yikibazo gitanzwe numuburanyi umwe
application
Definition
of
in Article 323: Rfr dans les affaires

administratives et commerciales
Section 2: Requte unilatrale
exparte Article 324: Dfinition de la requte

unilatrale
Ingingo ya 325: Aho inyandiko yikibazo Article 325: Scope of exparte application
gitanzwe numuburanyi umwe ikoreshwa
Article 325: Champs dapplication de la

requte unilatrale
Ingingo ya 326: Itangwa ryinyandiko Article 326: Filing an exparte application

yikibazo
Article 326: Introduction de la requte
Ingingo
yari
iya
ryabarebwa nikibazo
Article 327: Convocation des parties
327:
Ihamagara Article 327: Summoning of parties
39

Ingingo ya 328: Irangizwa ryagateganyo Article 328: Provisional execution of the Article 328: Excution
ryicyemezo cyumucamanza
judges order
lordonnance du juge
Ingingo ya 329: Ubujurire bwicyemezo Article 329: Appeal against the order
cyumucamanza
provisoire
de
Article 329: Appel de lordonnance
Ingingo ya 330: Gutambamira icyemezo Article 330: Third party opposition against Article
330:
cyumucamanza
the order
lordonnance
Tierce
opposition
Ingingo ya 331: Ihindura nikurwaho Article 331: Modification and revocation of Article 331: Rformation et rtractation de
the order
lordonnance
Icyiciro cya 3: Inyandiko nsobanurakibazo
isinyweho nababuranyi bombi
Section 3: Joint application by parties
Section 3: Requte conjointe
Ingingo ya 332: Igisobanuro nibigize Article 332: Definition and elements of the Article 332: Dfinition et lments de la
inyandiko
yikibazo
isinyweho joint application
requte conjointe
nababuranyi bombi
Article 333 : Prise de dcision et appel
Ingingo ya 333: Ifatwa ryicyemezo Article 333: Taking decision and appeal
nijuririrwa rya cyo
UMUTWE WA II: IMIBURANISHIRIZE CHAPTER
II:
PROCEDURES
IN CHAPITRE II: PROCEDURE EN
YIMANZA ZUBUTEGETSI
ADMINISTRATIVE MATTERS
MATIERE ADMINISTRATIVE
Icyiciro cya mbere: Ikirego gisaba Section one: Application for annulment of Section premire: Recours en annulation
gukuraho
ibyemezo
byubutegetsi administrative
decisions
and
full des dcisions administratives et recours de
niburanisha ryurubanza mu mizi yarwo
jurisdiction action
pleine juridiction
Akiciro ka mbere: Ikirego gisaba gukuraho Sub section One: Action for annulment of Sous section premire : Recours en
ibyemezo byubutegetsi
administrative decisions
annulation des dcisions administratives
Ingingo ya 334: Itangwa ryikirego
Article 334: Filing a case

40
Article 334: Introduction dinstance

Article 335: Contents of the claim
Article 335: Contenu de la requte
Ingingo ya 336: Iyakirwa ryikirego gisaba Article 336: Admissibility of the action for Article 336 : Recevabilit du recours en
gukuraho icyemezo
annulment of a decision
annulation dune dcision
Ingingo ya 337: Iyandikwa ryibirego mu Article 337: Recording claims in the court Article 337: Enregistrement des requtes
rukiko
register
au rle
Ingingo ya 338: Ihamagara ryababuranyi
Article 338: Summoning of parties
Article 338: Assignation des parties
Ingingo ya 339: Itangwa ryihamagara
Article 339: Serving the summons
Article 339: Remise de lassignation
Ingingo ya 340: Iyigwa ryinyandiko Article 340: Consulting documents in the Article 340: Consultation sur place de
zidashobora kuva muri dosiye
case file that cannot be moved
pices du dossier ne pouvant pas tre
dplaces
Ingingo ya 341: Inkurikizi zo gutakambira Article 341: Effects of an appeal against an Article 341: Effets du recours administratif
icyemezo
cyumuyobozi
cyangwa administrative decision or suing in court
ou saisine de la juridiction
kukiregera
Akiciro ka 2: Ikirego kiburanisha urubanza Sub section 2: Full jurisdiction action
rwubutegetsi mu mizi yarwo
Sous section
juridiction
2:
Recours
de
pleine
Ingingo ya 342: Ikirego kigamije gusaba Article 342: Action for damages
indishyi
Article 342 : Demande en rclamation des

dommages- intrts
Icyiciro cya 2: Igihano gihatira ubuyobozi Section 2: Administrative penalty forcing Section 2: Astreinte administrative
kubahiriza icyemezo cyurukiko
execution
Ingingo ya 343: Icyemezo mu manza Article 343: Decision in administrative Article 343:
zubutegetsi
cases
administrative
41
Dcision
en
matire

Ingingo ya 344: Itangwa ryigihano gihatira Article 344: Imposition of penalty forcing Article 344 : Condamnation lastreinte
kurangiza urubanza
execution
Ingingo ya 345: Itangira ryigihano gihatira Article 345: Commencement of the penalty Article 345: Prise deffet de lastreinte
kurangiza urubanza
forcing execution
Ingingo ya 346: Ivanaho cyangwa igabanya Article 346: Cancellation or reduction of Article 346: Suppression ou rduction de
ryigihano gihatira kurangiza urubanza
the penalty forcing execution
lastreinte
Ingingo ya 347: Igihe amafaranga yagenywe Article 347: Period of paying the money Article 347: Dlais de payement dargent
nurukiko yishyurirwamo
fixed by the decision of court
fix par la dcision de la juridiction
Ingingo ya 348: Iyo umuyobozi yanze Article 348: Non execution of a judgement Article 348: Non excution du jugement
kubahiriza ibyategetswe mu rubanza
by an administrative authority
par une autorit administrative
Ingingo ya 349: Ingingo
agenga
imiburanishirize
zubutegetsi
zamategeko Article
349:
Provisions
yimanza administrative cases
governing Article 349: Dispositions

contentieux administratif
rgissant
UMUTWE WA III : IMIBURANISHIRIZE CHAPTER

III:
PROCEEDINGS CHAPITRE III : PROCEDURE
YIMANZA ZUBUCURUZI
RELATING TO COMMERCIAL CASES MATIRE COMMERCIALE
Icyiciro cya mbere : Itangizwa ryurubanza
Section One: Opening of the hearing
le
EN
Section premire : Ouverture de laudience
Ingingo ya 350: Iyandikwa mu gitabo Article 350: Registration in the commercial Article 350: Inscription au rle commercial
cyibirego byimanza zubucuruzi
court register
Ingingo ya 351 : Gutanga ikirego
Article 351: Filing a claim
Article 351: Dpt

introductive dinstance
Ingingo ya 352: Imyanzuro yuwiregura
Article 352: Submissions of the defendant
Article 352 : Conclusions du dfendeur
42
de
la
requte

Icyiciro cya 2 : Iburanisha ryibanze
Section 2: Preliminary hearing
Section 2: Audience prliminaire
Ingingo ya 353 : Ishyirwaho ryiburanisha Article 353: Setting a preliminary hearing

ryibanze
Article 353: Audience prliminaire
Ingingo ya 354: Itumizwa ryababuranyi
Ingingo ya 355:
numucamanza
Ibyemezo
bifatwa Article 355: Orders made by the judge
Article 355: Dcisions prises par le juge
Ingingo ya 356: Isubikwa ryiburanisha Article 356: Adjournment of a preliminary Article 356:
ryibanze
hearing
prliminaire
Icyiciro cya 3 : Iburanisha mu mizi
Section 3 : Hearing of a case on the merits
Remise
de
laudience
Section 3: Audience sur le fond
Ingingo ya 357: Ikirego kiregera kwiregura Article 357: A counterclaim and a claim Article 357: Demande reconventionnelle et
no kurega uwishingiye
against a guarantor
appel en garantie
Ingingo ya 358: Isubikwa ryurubanza
Article 358: Adjournment of a case
Article 358: Remise de laffaire
Ingingo ya 359 : Ibyemezo mu iburanisha Article 359 : Orders that may be made Article 359 : Dcisions en audience sur le
ryurubanza mu mizi yarwo
when hearing of a case on the merits
fond
INTERURO YA
YURUKIKO
VII:
AMAGARAMA TITLE VII : COURT FEES
UMUTWE WA MBERE:
YAMAGARAMA
Ingingo ya 360:
yamagarama
Itangwa
TITRE VII : FRAIS DE JUSTICE
INGWATE CHAPTER ONE : DEPOSIT OF COURT CHAPITRE

FEES
CONSIGNATION
JUSTICE
ryingwate Article 360: Depositing court fees
43
PREMIER
DE
FRAIS
Article 360: Consignation de frais de

justice
:
DE

Ingingo ya 361: Abantu basonewe gutanga Article 361: Persons
ingwate yamagarama
depositing court fees
Ingingo ya 362:
yamafaranga
Isubizwa
exempted
from Article 361: Personnes exemptes de la

consignation des frais de justice
ryingwate Article 362: Refunding court fees deposit
UMUTWE
WA
II:
UMUBARE CHAPTER II: SCALE OF COURT FEES
WAMAFARANGA YURUKIKO
Ingingo ya 363: Igenwa ryinyandiko Article 363: Determining
zitangwa mu nkiko nikiguzi cyazo
documents and their price
the
Article 362: Restitution des frais de

consignation
CHAPITRE II : TARIF DES FRAIS DE
JUSTICE
court Article 363: Dtermination des actes de

procdure et des frais y applicables
Article 364: Itangwa ku buntu rya Article 364: Delivering an authentic copy Article 364: Delivrance dune grosse,
matolewo, inyandiko ihinnye yurubanza of judgement, an extract of the judgment, expdition, extrait ou une copie en dbet
cyangwa kopi yurubanza
or a copy of judgment free of charge
Ingingo ya 365: Igenwa ryamafaranga
akoreshwa mu iburanisha
Ingingo ya 366: Ibishingirwaho mu kugena
amafaranga akoreshwa mu iburanisha
Article 365: Methods for calculating court

proceedings related fees
Article 366: Determining fees spent during
the hearing
INTERURO YA VIII: GUKIRANURWA TITLE

VIII:
NABAKEMURAMPAKA
ARBITRATORS
Ingingo
ya
367:
ubukemurampaka
INTERURO
YA
ZINYURANYE,
NIZISOZA
Itegeko
SETTLEMENT
rigena Article 367: Law governing arbitration
IX:
INGINGO TITLE
IX:
IZINZIBACYUHO TRANSITIONAL
PROVISIONS
Article 365: Modalits de calcul des frais

relatifs au droulement daudience
Article 366: Dtermination des frais
occasionns par la procdure
BY TITRE VIII : ARBITRAGE

Article 367: Loi organisant larbitrage
MISCELLANEOUS, TITRE IX: DISPOSITIONS DIVERSES,

AND
FINAL TRANSITOIRES ET FINALES
44

UMUTWE WA MBERE: INGINGO
ZINYURANYE
Ingingo ya 368: Ingingo zigenga ibihe
byagenwe
CHAPTER ONE: MISCELLANEOUS

PROVISIONS
Article 368: Provisions governing fixed
periods
CHAPITRE PREMIER: DISPOSITIONS

DIVERSES
Article 368 : Dispositions rgissant les
dlais tablis
Ingingo ya 369: Ibarwa ryibihe bibarwa Article 369: Calculating time limits set in Article 369: Computation des dlais fixs
mu minsi cyangwa mu masaha
terms of days or hours
en jours ou en heures
Ingingo ya 370: Ibarwa ryibihe ku Article 370: Calculating official public Article 370: Computation des jours fris
birebana n iminsi yìkiruhuko yemewe holidays and week ends
lgaux et jours chms
niminsi yimpera yicyumweru
Ingingo ya 371: Ibarwa ryibihe byagenwe Article 371: Counting periods fixed in Article 371: Computation des dlais tablis
mu mezi no mu mwaka
months and years
en mois et en annes
Ingingo ya 372:
yakererewe kujurira
Igihe
umuburanyi Article 372: Delay in filing an appeal
Article 372: Introduction dun recours

tardif
UMUTWE WA KABIRI: INGINGO CHAPTER II : TRANSITIONAL AND CHAPITRE

II:
DISPOSITIONS
ZINZIBACYUHO NIZISOZA
FINAL PROVISIONS
TRANSITOIRES ET FINALES
Ingingo ya 373: Itegeko rikurikizwa ku Article 373: Law applicable to pending Article 373 : Loi applicable aux affaires
manza zikiburanishwa mu Nkiko
cases
pendantes
Ingingo ya 374 : Itegurwa, isuzumwa Article 374 : Drafting, consideration and Article 374 : Initiation, examen et adoption
nitorwa ryiri tegeko
adoption of this Law
de la prsente loi
Ingingo ya 375: Ivanwaho ryitegeko Article 375: Repealing provision
ningingo zinyuranyije niri tegeko
Article 375: Disposition abrogatoire
Ingingo ya 376: Igihe iri tegeko ritangira Article 376: Commencement

gukurikizwa
Article 376: Entre en vigueur
45

ITEGEKO N21/2012 RYO KUWA
14/06/2012
RYEREKEYE
IMIBURANISHIRIZE
YIMANZA
ZIMBONEZAMUBANO,
IZUBUCURUZI,
IZUMURIMO
NIZUBUTEGETSI
LAW
N21/2012
OF
14/06/2012
RELATING
TO
THE
CIVIL,
COMMERCIAL,
LABOUR
AND
ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURE
LOI N21/2012 DU 14/06/2012 PORTANT

CODE DE PROCEDURE CIVILE,
COMMERCIALE,
SOCIALE
ET
ADMINISTRATIVE
Twebwe, KAGAME Paul,

Perezida wa Repubulika;
We, KAGAME Paul,

President of the Republic;
Nous, KAGAME Paul,

Prsident de la Rpublique;
INTEKO
ISHINGA
AMATEGEKO
YEMEJE, NONE NATWE DUHAMIJE,
DUTANGAJE ITEGEKO RITEYE RITYA
KANDI DUTEGETSE KO RYANDIKWA
MU
IGAZETI
YA
LETA
YA
REPUBULIKA YU RWANDA
THE PARLIAMENT HAS ADOPTED

AND WE SANCTION, PROMULGATE
THE FOLLOWING LAW AND ORDER
IT BE PUBLISHED IN THE OFFICIAL
GAZETTE OF THE REPUBLIC OF
RWANDA
LE PARLEMENT A ADOPTE ET NOUS

SANCTIONNONS,
PROMULGUONS
LA LOI DONT LA TENEUR SUIT ET
ORDONNONS
QUELLE
SOIT
PUBLIEE AU JOURNAL OFFICIEL DE
LA REPUBLIQUE DU RWANDA
INTEKO ISHINGA AMATEGEKO:
THE PARLIAMENT:
LE PARLEMENT:
Umutwe wAbadepite, mu nama yawo yo ku The Chamber of Deputies, in its session of 13 La Chambre des Dputs, en sa sance du
wa 13 Ukuboza 2011;
December 2011;
13 dcembre 2011;
Ishingiye ku Itegeko Nshinga rya Repubulika
yu Rwanda ryo kuwa 04 Kamena 2003
nkuko ryavuguruwe kugeza ubu, cyane cyane
mu ngingo zaryo, iya 62, iya 66, iya 67, iya 90,
iya 92, iya 93, iya 108 niya 201;
Pursuant to the Constitution of the Republic

of Rwanda of 04 June 2003 as amended to
date, especially in Articles 62, 66, 67, 90, 92,
93, 108 and 201;
46
Vu la Constitution de la Rpublique du
Rwanda du 04 juin 2003 telle que rvise ce
jour, spcialement en ses articles 62, 66, 67,
90, 92, 93, 108 et 201;

Ishingiye ku Itegeko Ngenga n 01/2004 ryo
kuwa 29/01/2004 rigena imitunganyirize,
imikorere nububasha byUrukiko rwIkirenga
nkuko ryahinduwe kandi ryujujwe kugeza
ubu;
Pursuant to Organic Law n 01/2004 of

29/01/2004 establishing the organization,
functioning and jurisdiction of the Supreme
Court as modified and complemented to date;
Vu la Loi Organique no 01/2004 du

29/01/2004portant
organisation,
fonctionnement et comptence de la Cour
Suprme telle que modifie et complte ce
jour;
Ishingiye ku Itegeko Ngenga n 59/2007 ryo

kuwa
16/12/2007
rishyiraho
inkiko
zubucuruzi rikanagena imiterere, imikorere
nububasha byazo;
Pursuant to Organic Law n 59/2007 of

16/12/2007 establishing the Commercial
Courts and determining their organization,
functioning and jurisdiction;
Vu la Loi Organique n 59/2007 du

16/12/2007 portant cration, organisation,
fonctionnement
et
comptence
des
juridictions de commerce;
Ishingiye ku Itegeko n 31/2001 ryo kuwa Pursuant to Law n 31/2001 of 12/06/2011 Vu la Loi n 31/2001 du 12/06/2001 portant
12/06/2001 rishyiraho kandi ritunganya establishing and instituting the organization of cration et organisation du corps des huissiers
imikorere yUrugaga rwAbahesha bInkiko professional bailiffs association;
de justice professionnels;
bUmwuga;
Isubiye ku Itegeko n 18/2004 ryo kuwa
20/06/2004
ryerekeye
imiburanishirize
yimanza zimbonezamubano, izubucuruzi,
izumurimo
nizubutegetsi
nkuko
ryahinduwe kandi ryujujwe kugeza ubu;
Having reviewed Law n 18/2004 of

20/06/2004 relating to the civil, commercial,
labour and administrative procedure as
modified and complemented to date;
Revu la Loi n 18/2004 du 20/06/2004 portant

code de procdure civile, commerciale,
sociale et administrative telle que modifie et
complte ce jour;
YEMEJE :
ADOPTS:
ADOPTE:
INTERURO
ZIBANZE
YA
MBERE:
INGINGO TITLE
ONE:
PROVISIONS
Ingingo ya mbere: Icyo iri tegeko rigamije
PRELIMINARY TITRE
PREMIER:
PRELIMINAIRES
Article One: Purpose of this Law
DISPOSITIONS
Article premier: Objet de la prsente loi
Iri tegeko rigenga imiburanishirize yimanza This Law governs the procedure applied by La prsente loi rgit la procdure applicable
47

zimbonezamubano, izubucuruzi, izumurimo
nizubutegetsi.
Ni
na
ryo
rigenga
imiburanishirize yìzindi manza mu gihe nta
yandi mategeko yihariye agenga iyo
miburanishirize yindi, keretse mu gihe
amahame ateganywa niri tegeko adashobora
gukoreshwa mu zindi manza.
courts in civil, commercial, labour and

administrative cases. It shall also apply to all
other cases in the absence of specific laws
governing such procedures, unless the
principles provided for by this Law cannot
apply to other cases.
Ingingo 2: Ibisabwa ngo ikirego cyakirwe
Article 2: Conditions of admissibility of a Article 2: Conditions de recevabilit dune

claim
demande
devant les juridictions sigeant en matire

civile, commerciale, sociale et administrative.
Elle constitue galement, l`gard des autres
matires, le droit commun de la procdure,
moins que les principes prvus par la prsente
loi ne peuvent sappliquer dans les autres
matires.
Ikirego nticyemerwa mu rukiko iyo urega A claim cannot be accepted in court unless La demande en justice ne peut tre recevable
adafite ububasha, inyungu nubushobozi bwo the plaintiff has the status, interest and si le demandeur na pas la qualit, lintrt et
kurega.
capacity to bring the suit.
la capacit pour exercer laction.
Ibivugwa mu gika cya mbere cyiyi ngingo
bireba namashyirahamwe, imiryango nibigo
bidafite ubuzima gatozi kuko bidashobora
kurega, bitabujije ariko ko bishobora kuregwa.
The provisions of the Paragraph One of this

Article shall also apply to the associations,
organizations and institutions without legal
status which cannot file cases before courts
without precluding their possibility to be
sued.
Les dispositions de lalina premier du

prsent article sappliquent galement aux
associations, organisations et tablissements
non dots de la personnalit juridique qui ne
peuvent ester en justice, mais qui peuvent tre
traduits en justice.
Ingingo ya 3: Ububasha bwababuranyi mu Article 3: Status of the parties to begin an Article 3: Qualit
gutanga ikirego
action
introduire dinstance
Uretse iyo itegeko ribiteganya ukundi,
ababuranyi bonyine ni bo batanga ikirego.
Bafite ubwisanzure bwo kugihagarika igihe
cyose urubanza rutaracibwa cyangwa ngo
kizime ku bwitegeko.
Only the interested parties can begin an

action, except when the law provides
otherwise. They have the right at any time to
withdraw their claim before judgement or
before its prescription in accordance with the
law.
48
des
parties
pour
Seules les parties introduisent linstance, hors

les cas o la loi en dispose autrement. Elles
sont libres dy mettre fin avant quelle ne
steigne par leffet du jugement ou en vertu
de la prescription lgale.

Ingingo ya 4: Kugena ikiburanwa no Article 4: Determining the subject matter Article 4: Dtermination de lobjet du litige
kudahinduka kwikirego
and immutability of the claim
et immutabilit de la demande
Ikiburanwa kigenwa nibisabwa na buri
muburanyi.
Ibisabwa
bigaragazwa
ninyandiko itangiza ikirego nimyanzuro yo
kwiregura.
The subject matter of the claim shall be

determined by the claims made by the
respective parties. These claims shall be
indicated in the plaintiffs and defendants
submissions.
Lobjet du litige est dtermin par les

prtentions respectives des parties. Ces
prtentions sont fixes par lacte introductif
dinstance et par les conclusions en dfense.
Mu iburanisha umuburanyi ntashobora In the course of trial, no party shall be En cours dinstance, aucune partie ne peut
guhindura ikirego
ababuranyi bose allowed to change the subject matter of the modifier lobjet de la demande sans laccord
batabyemeye.
claim, without agreement of all the parties to de toutes les parties en cause.
the case.
Ikiburanwa ntigishobora guhindurwa na gato The subject matter of claim cannot in any Lobjet de la demande ne peut, en aucun cas,
mu rukiko rwajuririwe.
way be changed in appeal.
tre modifi au degr dappel.
Icyakora ikiburanwa gishobora guhindurwa However, the subject matter of the suit can be
nibirego byimigereka iyo bifitanye isano changed by additional claims if they are
ihamye nibyo ababuranyi basaba.
sufficiently linked to the original claims of
parties.
Toutefois, lobjet du litige peut tre modifi

par des demandes incidentes lorsque celles-ci
se rattachent aux prtentions originaires par
un lien suffisant.
Ingingo ya 5: Inshingano zababuranyi
Article 5: Obligations of parties
Article 5: Obligations des parties
Ababuranyi bakurikirana urubanza bubahiriza

inshingano zabo. Ni bo bakora ibijyanye
ninyandiko ziburanisha mu buryo no mu gihe
cyagenwe.
Parties to a case shall be under obligation to

discharge the duties imposed on them. They
shall be under obligation to complete
documents related to proceedings in the
prescribed form and time.
Les parties conduisent linstance sous les

charges qui leur incombent. Il leur appartient
daccomplir les actes de la procdure dans les
formes et dlais requis.
49

Ingingo ya 6: Inshingano yabacamanza yo Article 6: Obligation of judges to decide Article 6: Obligation pour les juges de
guca imanza
cases
juger les cas qui leur sont soummis
Abacamanza baca imanza bashingiye ku
ngingo zamategeko zirebana nikirego
baregewe cyangwa iyo nta tegeko rijyanye
nikiburanwa, bagashingira ku mategeko
basanga bashyiraho mu gihe baba bashinzwe
kuyashyiraho, bifashishije ibyemezo byagiye
bifatwa ninkiko, umuco, amahame rusange
agenga amategeko ninyandiko zabahanga mu
mategeko.
Judges shall decide cases by basing their

decisions on the relevant law or, in the
absence of such a law, on the rule they would
have enacted, had they to do so, guided by
judicial precedents, customs and usages,
general principles of law and written legal
opinions.
Les juges tranchent les litiges conformment

aux rgles de droit en la matire ou, dfaut,
aux rgles quils tabliraient sils avaient
faire uvre du lgislateur en sinspirant de la
jurisprudence, de la coutume, des principes
gnraux du droit et de la doctrine.
Abacamanza ntibashobora guca imanza Judges cannot decide cases submitted to them Les juges ne peuvent pas juger des cas qui
bashyiraho ingingo rusange zamategeko by enacting general legal provisions and leur sont soumis en tablissant les
nizamabwiriza ku manza bashyikirijwe.
regulations.
dispositions gnrales et des rgles de droit.
Abacamanza ntibashobora kandi kwanga guca Judges cannot refuse to decide a case on any Ils ne peuvent refuser de juger sous quelque
urubanza bitwaje impamvu iyo ari yo yose, pretext, even if the law is silent on the matter, prtexte que ce soit, mme en cas de silence,
niyo ntacyo itegeko ryaba riteganya, obscure or insufficient.
dobscurit ou dìnsuffisance de la loi.
ridasobanutse mu buryo bwumvikana cyangwa
ridahagije.
Nta na rimwe, ibyemezo byagiye bifatwa
ninkiko zo mu mahanga cyangwa ninyandiko
zabahanga mu mategeko bo mu mahanga
bishobora gushingirwaho nabacamanza mu
guca imanza baregewe mu gihe binyuranyije
namahame ndemyagihugu cyangwa imiterere
yamategeko yo mu Rwanda.
Judges shall not in any case refer to foreign

courtsdecisions or foreign written legal
opinions when they are in contradiction with
the principles of public order or the Rwandan
legal system.
En aucun cas, les dcisions de la

jurisprudence ou de la doctrine trangres
dont peuvent sinspirer les juges ne doivent
tre en contradiction avec lordre public ou le
systme juridique du Rwanda.
Kwanga guca urubanza biregerwa Perezida The refusal to decide a case shall be filed with Le dni de justice est soumis au Prsident de
50

wurukiko
rusumbye
urwumucamanza
cyangwa abacamanza baregwa barimo,
akabikurikirana mu rwego rwa disipiline
bitabujije ibindi bihano byo mu rwego
nshinjabyaha
biteganywa
mu
gitabo
cyamategeko mpanabyaha.
the President of the court superior to that of

the accused judge or judges who tries it on the
disciplinary level without prejudice to other
criminal punishments provided for by the
Criminal Code.
la juridiction suprieure celle dont font

partie le ou les juges en cause, qui poursuit
disciplinairement la cause, sans prjudice des
sanctions pnales prvues par le Code pnal.
Ingingo ya 7: Guca urubanza ku cyaregewe Article 7: Judgement on the subject matter

gusa
Article 7 : Dcision sur ce qui a fait objet

de la demande
Umucamanza aca urubanza ku cyasabwe cyose The judge shall rule only and on all that Le juge doit se prononcer sur tout ce qui est
kandi kuri icyo cyonyine.
which is referred to the court.
demand et seulement sur ce qui est demand.
Ingingo ya 8: Ibidashingirwaho mu guca Article 8 : Facts not considered in the Article 8: Faits non considrs lors du
urubanza
course of trial
procs
Umucamanza ntashobora gushingira icyemezo
cye ku bitagaragajwe mu iburanisha;
ntashobora kandi no guca urubanza ashingiye
ku byo aruziho ku giti cye.
Ingingo ya
ibimenyetso
9:
Ugomba
A judge cannot base his/ her decision on facts

that were not presented in the course of trial;
nor can he/ she decide a case basing on
his/her personal knowledge of the case.
kugaragaza Article 9: Burden of proof
Le juge ne peut fonder sa dcision sur des

faits qui nont pas fait objet de dbat. Il ne
peut non plus
statuer sur base des
connaissances personnelles quil a de
laffaire.
Article 9: Charge de la preuve
Urega agomba kugaragaza ibiminyetso

Every plaintiff must prove a claim. Failure to Le demandeur doit prouver lexistence de son
byibyo aregera. Iyo abibuze, uwarezwe obtain proof, the defendant wins the case.
droit. A dfaut de preuve, le dfendeur obtient
aratsinda.
gain de cause.
Naho uvuga ko icyo yategekwaga gukora Likewise, a party who alleges that he/she has Rciproquement, celui qui se prtend libr
cyagaragajwe nibimenyetso atagitegetswe been discharged from an obligation that has dune obligation doit justifier la cause qui en
51

kugikora, agomba kugaragaza impamvu been established must prove that the a produit lèxtinction. A dfaut de preuve, son
zakimukuyeho. Iyo abiburiye ibimenyetso, obligation no longer exists. Failure to do so, adversaire obtient gain de cause.
uwo baburana aramutsinda.
the other party wins the case.
Ingingo ya
kwiregura
10:
Uburenganzira
bwo Article 10: Right to being heard
Article 10: Droit de dfense
Nta muburanyi ushobora gucirwa urubanza No party to the case shall be subject to a court Nulle partie ne peut tre juge sans avoir t
atumviswe cyangwa atahamagawe.
ruling without being heard or summoned.
entendue ou appele.
Ingingo ya 11: Agaciro kurubanza rwaciwe Article 11: Powers of a decided case
ku rwego rwa nyuma
Article 11 : Autorit de la chose juge
Urubanza rwaciwe ku rwego rwa nyuma,

ninzira yo kurusubirishamo ku mpamvu
zakarengane
yararangiye,
ntirushobora
kongera kuburanishwa bundi bushya ku
mpamvu zimwe no ku kiburanwa kimwe
hagati yababuranyi bamwe baburana ikirego
kimwe.
Une affaire qui a t dfinitivement juge, et

dont le recours en rvision en raison
dinjustice a t exerc, ne peut tre juge
de nouveau pour les mmes faits, entre les
mmes parties agissant pour la mme cause.
A case that was definitively decided and of

which the possibility to be reviewed due to a
decision tainted with injustice is exhausted
cannot be summoned again for the same facts
and between the same parties pleading the
same subject matter.
Ingingo ya 12: Kutiyambaza icyarimwe Article 12: Prohibition to exercise both Article 12 : Non exercice simultan de deux
inzira ebyiri zo kujurira
ways of appeal
voies de recours
Nta muburanyi ushobora ku rubanza rumwe,
kwiyambaza icyarimwe inzira yubujurire
niyo gusubirishamo urubanza. Inzira ya mbere
yahisemo ituma atakaza uburenganzira yari
afite bwo kwiyambaza indi nzira.
A party shall not choose both ways of appeal

for the same case. The first appeal shall be
only considered and he/she shall for the same
case lose the right to exercise the second way
of appeal.
52
Une partie ne peut opter pour une mme

affaire dexercer simultanment deux voies de
recours. La premire voie de recours choisie
lui fait perdre son droit dexercer une autre
voie de recours.

Ingingo ya 13: Igihe
kuburanisha urubanza
ntarengwa
cyo Article 13 : Period for adjudication of a Article 13 : Dlai pour juger une affaire
case
Urubanza rwose ruregewe urukiko rugomba

kuba rwaburanishijwe mu gihe kitarenze amezi
atandatu (6) kuva urukiko rushyikirijwe
ikirego.
All cases introduced to the court shall be tried Toute affaire dont la juridiction est saisie doit
in a period not exceeding six months (6) tre juge dans un dlai nexcdant pas six (6)
starting from the date the court received the mois compter de la date de la saisine.
claim.
Iyo birenze icyo gihe, Perezida w urukiko

rwaregewe asobanurira Perezida wUrukiko
rw Ikirenga mu nyandiko impamvu zabiteye
kandi zikamenyeshwa ababuranyi.
Otherwise, the President of the seized court

shall explain to the President of the Supreme
Court in writing the reasons thereof and shall
also inform parties to the case.
Pass ce dlai, le Prsident de la juridiction

saisie communique la cause du retard au
Prsident de la Cour Suprme et en informe
les parties.
Usibye kumva ibirego byihutirwa biboneka mu

manza, imanza zose zihabwa itariki yo
kuburanishwa hakurikijwe uko zagiye
zandikwa mu gitabo cyibirego.
Apart from hearing urgent claims that are

realised in case, all cases shall be given a date
for hearing in accordance with the order of
recording in the roll.
La fixation daudience, pour toutes les

affaires, se fait selon lordre dinscription au
rle des requtes, lexception des requtes
qui requirent clrit.
Ingingo ya 14: Isubikwa ryimanza
Article 14: Adjournment of cases
Article 14: Remise daffaires
Ku mpamvu izo ari zo zose, nta rubanza

rushobora gusubikwa inshuro zirenze ebyiri (2)
mu rukiko rumwe ku mpamvu zababuranyi.
Ku nshuro ya gatatu yiburanisha urukiko
rutegetswe kuburanisha urubanza cyangwa
kurusiba mu bitabo byurukiko mu gihe nta
muburanyi witabye.
A case shall not, for any reasons, be

adjourned more than two (2) times within the
same court for reasons based on litigants. On
the third time of hearing when both parties are
absent the court must rule the case or strike it
off from the court records.
En tout tat de cause, aucune affaire ne peut

faire lobjet de plus de deux (2) remises
devant une mme juridiction pour des motifs
manant des parties. A la troisime audience,
la juridiction doit juger laffaire ou la rayer du
rle en cas dabsence des parties.
Ingingo ya 15:Guhana abatinza urubanza
Article 15: Punishment for delaying

hearing
Umuburanyi
wese
utinza
ku
a Article
15 :
Sanctions
manuvres dilatoires
bushake Any party who intentionally delays the Toute partie qui,
53
contre
les
en vue de retarder

iburanisha ryurubanza kimwe nuwiyambaza
inzira zo kujurira mu buryo bwo gutinza
urubanza acibwa ihazabu mbonezamubano
kuva ku bihumbi makumyabiri (20.000)
kugeza ku bihumbi magana abiri (200.000)
byamafaranga yu Rwanda.
hearing or who seeks the appeal as a delaying

tactics, shall be charged a civil fine of twenty
thousand (20.000) to two hundred thousand
(200.000) Rwandan francs.
linstance, use des manuvres dilatoires ou

met en uvre des voies de recours avec la
mme intention de retarder la procdure est
condamne une amende civile de vingt mille
(20.000) deux cent mille (200.000) francs
rwandais.
Iyo gutinza urubanza ku bushake bivugwa mu

gika cya mbere cyiyi ngingo bikozwe
numwavoka cyangwa undi muntu uhagarariye
umuburanyi, acibwa ihazabu mbonezamubano
kuva ku bihumbi magana abiri (200.000)
kugeza ku bihumbi magana atanu (500.000)
byamafaranga yu Rwanda.
When the intentional delay of a case as per

the provisions of the Paragraph One of this
Article is caused by a member of the Bar
Association or another person representing
the party, he/she shall be charged a civil fine
of two hundred thousand (200,000) to five
hundred thousand (500,000) Rwandan Francs.
Lorsque les moyens dilatoires dont question

lalina premier du prsent article sont
exercs par un avocat ou toute autre personne
mandate pour reprsenter une partie, il est
condamn une amende civile de deux cent
mille (200.000) cinq cent mille (500.000)
francs rwandais.
INTERURO
YA
RYURUBANZA
UMUTWE WA
RYIKIREGO
II:
MBERE:
ITANGIRA TITLE
II:
PROCEEDINGS
INSTITUTION
OF TITRE
II:
DINSTANCE
ITANGWA CHAPTER ONE: FILING A CLAIM
INTRODUCTION
CHAPITRE
PREMIER:
DEMANDE
INTRODUCTIVE DÌNSTANCE
Ingingo ya 16: Uburyo bwo gutanga ikirego Article 16: Modalities of filing a claim and Article 16: Modes de saisine de la
nabemerewe kugitanga
persons authorised to do so
juridiction et personnes habilites
Buri rukiko ruburanisha mu rwego rwa mbere
ruregerwa rwandikiwe ikirego cyangwa
kivuzwe mu magambo nurega ubwe,
umwunganira cyangwa undi muntu yabihereye
ububasha.
A claim may be filed in a court of first

instance by a written or oral complaint,
presented either by the plaintiff himself/
herself, or his/her counsel or any other person
duly authorised by him/her.
54
Chaque juridiction sigeant au premier degr

est saisie par une demande crite ou verbale,
prsente soit par le demandeur lui-mme,
soit par son avocat ou son fond de pouvoir
spcial muni de procuration.

Ingingo ya 17: Iyandikwa ryikirego
Article 17: Recording a claim
Article 17: Enregistrement de la demande
Ikirego cyanditse gishyikirizwa ubwanditsi

bw urukiko mu nyandiko zingana nabaregwa
ziherekejwe
nimyanzuro
hamwe
nibimenyetso ikirego gishingiyeho ndetse
ninyandikomvugo
yabunzi,
mu
gihe
biteganywa nitegeko. Ikirego gishobora no
kohererezwa umwanditsi wurukiko nabafite
ububasha bwo kurega hakoreshejwe uburyo
bwiposita cyangwa umurongo wìtumanaho
ryìkoranabuhanga.
The written claim is filed at the court registry

office in a number of copies equal to the
number of defendants, accompanied by the
submissions and the proofs upon which the
claim is based as well as the note of the
mediators in case it is provided for by the law.
It may also be sent by post or electronically to
the court registrar by those who have
competence to sue.
La demande crite est dpose au greffe en

autant dexemplaires que de parties
dfenderesses, en y annexant les conclusions
et pices justificatives ainsi que le procsverbal des conciliateurs dans le cas prvu par
la loi. Elle peut aussi tre adresse sous pli au
greffier par les personnes ayant la qualit de
la prsenter par voie postale ou lctronique.
Ikirego gitanzwe mu magambo n imyanzuro An oral claim and submissions accompanied La requte verbale ainsi que les conclusions
biherekejwe nibimenyetso bishyirwa mu by proofs shall be put in writing by the court accompagnes des pices justificatives sont
nyandiko numwanditsi w urukiko.
registrar.
mises par crit par le greffier.
Iyo ingwate yamagarama imaze gutangwa,
ikirego cyanditse cyangwa gitanzwe mu
magambo gihita cyandikwa mu gitabo
cyabigenewe
numwanditsi
wurukiko
ugishyikirijwe iyo cyujujwe ibisabwa.
After payment of court fees, the court

registrar who receives the written or oral
claim shall immediately record the claim in
the court register if it meets all the
requirements.
Aprs consignation des frais de justice, la

requte crite ou verbale est immdiatement
acte au rle prvu cet effet par le greffier
qui la reoit si elle remplit les conditions
requises.
Ingingo 18: Kutakira ikirego
Article 18: Inadmissibility of a claim
Article 18:Irrecevabilit de la demande
Umwanditsi wUrukiko ntashobora kwakira The court registrar shall not receive a claim Le greffier ne peut pas recevoir et acter une
ikirego ngo acyandike mu bitabo byUrukiko and record it in the court register in the demande en cas de:
mu gihe:
following cases:
1hatatanzwe
yurubanza;
ingwate
yamagarama 1 non payment of court fees;
55
1o non consignation de frais de justice ;

2o forclusion de dlais ;
2 hatanzwe ikirego cyakererewe mu buryo 2 delay in submitting the claim ;

buteganywa namategeko;
3 hatanzwe ubujurire bwa kabiri ku birego 3 second appeal on urgent applications and 3o deuxime appel en cas de demande en
byihutirwa nibirego bitanzwe numuburanyi unilateral petitions;
rfer et de requte unilatrale ;
umwe;
4 hatanzwe ubujurire ku cyemezo cyafashwe 4 appeal on the decision taken after argument 4o appel contre une dcision rendue en
ku mpaka zivutse mu irangiza ryurubanza;
arising from the judgement execution;
matire de contestation de lexcution de
jugement ;
5 hatanzwe ubujurire ku cyemezo cyafashwe 5 appeal against a decision to strike
cyo gusiba urubanza rwashaje;
expired case;
off an 5o appel contre une dcision de radiation du

rle de laffaire en cas de premption
dinstance ;
6 hatanzwe ubujurire ku cyemezo cyurukiko 6 appeal on court decision confirming its 6o appel contre une dcision de juridiction
rwemeza ko rufite ububasha bwo kuburanisha; jurisdiction;
confirmant sa comptence ;
7 hatanzwe ubujurire mu Rukiko rwIkirenga 7 appeal in the Supreme Court in cases that 7o appel devant la Cour Suprme des affaires
ku manza zatangiriye mu Nkiko zIbanze;
originate from Primary Courts;
inities au premier degr par les Tribunaux de
Base ;
8 hatanzwe ubujurire ku manza zibanziriza 8 appeal on interlocutory judgements which 8o appel contre les jugements avant dire droit
izindi budakorewe hamwe nurubanza rwose;
are not ruled together with final judgement;
interjet avant le jugement dfinitif ;
9 hatanzwe ubujurire ku rubanza rwaciwe 9 appeal on a judgement rendered upon a 9o appel contre un jugement rendu sur recours
nyuma yo gusubirishamo ingingo nshya;
case review;
en rvision ;
10 hatanzwe ubujurire ku rubanza rwabaye 10 appeal against a final judgement;
itegeko;
10 appel contre le jugement coul en force

de chose juge ;
11 hatanzwe ubujurire bwakererewe mu 11 delay in submitting a claim of appeal;
11 appel formul aprs forclusion de dlais ;
56

buryo buteganywa namategeko;
12
hatanzwe
ikirego
nutabifitiye 12 claim filed by the plaintiff without status, 12 demande en justice intente par une
ububasha,ubushobozi cyangwa inyungu;
capacity or interest;
partie sans qualit, capacit ou intrt ;
13 hatanzwe ikirego kigomba
gukemurwa na Komite yAbunzi.
kubanza 13 claim that has to be first heard by 13 demande devant tre entendue dabord
Mediation Committee.
par le Comit des Conciliateurs.
Umuburanyi
utishimiye
icyemezo
cyumwanditsi wurukiko atakamba kwa
Perezida wUrukiko mu magambo cyangwa
mu nyandiko.
A party who is not satisfied with decision of La partie non satisfaite par la dcision du
the court registrar shall complain to the greffier fait un recours hirarchique orale ou
President of the court in oral or in a written crite devant le Prsident de la juridiction.
way.
Icyemezo
cya
Perezida
cyangwa The inadmissibility order of the claim by the La dcision du Prsident ou du greffier de
icyUmwanditsi burukiko gihakana kwakira President or by the court registrar shall be in refus dacter la demande doit tre crite.
ikirego
cyumuburanyi
gishyirwa
mu writing.
nyandiko.
Article 19: Contents of a claim
Article 19: Contenu dune demande
Ikirego kigaragaza:
The claim must indicate:
La demande contient :
1 umunsi, ukwezi numwaka gitangiweho;
1 the date, month and year of filing;
2 amazina, umwuga naho ugitanze atuye,

ndetse byaba ngombwa, amazina, ububasha
bwabamuhagarariye naho batuye;
2 the names, profession and residence of the 2 les noms, prnoms, profession et rsidence
plaintiff and if necessary, the names,
du demandeur ainsi que, le cas chant, les
competence and residence of his/her legal
noms, prnoms, rsidence et qualit de ses
representatives;
reprsentants lgaux;
3 umwirondoro wuregwa naho abarizwa;
3 the identity and address of the defendant;
57
1 lindication du jour, mois et anne

dintroduction ;
3 lidentit et ladresse du dfendeur;

4 ikiburanwa nimpamvu zihinnye zisobanura
ikirego;
4 the subject matter and grounds of the 4 lobjet et les motifs succincts du litige;
claim in brief;
5 urukiko rushyikirijwe ikirego;
5 the court the matter is referred to;
6 umukono cyangwa igikumwe byurega

cyangwa byuwo yahaye ububasha bwo
kumutangira ikirego;
6 the signature or fingerprint of the plaintiff 6 la signature ou lempreinte digitale de la

or a person having power of attorney to
partie ou de son conseil;
act on his/her behalf to file the claim;
7 ibirebana ninyandikomvugo yabunzi mu

gihe biteganywa nitegeko.
7 matter related to the statement of the 7 la mention du procs-verbal des

mediators in case the law so provides.
conciliateurs dans le cas prvu par la loi.
5 la dsignation de la juridiction saisie;
Ingingo ya 20: Gusomera urega ikirego Article 20: Reading the written claim to Article 20: Lecture des mentions dune
cyanditswe
the plaintiff
demande au demandeur
Nyuma y iyandikwa ry ikirego cyatanzwe mu
magambo, gihita gisomerwa uwareze kugira
ngo yumve ko ibyanditswe bihuye nibyo
yavuze. Uwareze ashyiraho umukono cyangwa
agatera igikumwe iyo bihuye n ibyo yavuze.
After an oral claim has been recorded into the

court register, it shall immediately be read to
the plaintiff so that he/she can verify whether
what has been written corresponds to what
he/she has said. The plaintiff shall sign or
affixe a finger-print if he or she agrees.
Aprs inscription de la demande verbale au

rle, lecture en est immdiatement donne au
demandeur aux fins de vrification de la
conformit de la rdaction avec ses
dclarations. Le demandeur signe ou appose
son empreinte digitale pour accord.
Ingingo ya 21: Ibyandikwa mu gitabo Article 21: Contents of the court register of Article 21:
cyibirego
claims
demandes
Mentions
au
registre de
Ibirego byandikwa mu gitabo cyibirego uko Claims shall be recorded in the court regsiter Les demandes sont inscrites au rle par ordre
byakurikiranye mu iyakirwa.
following their order of their receipt.
de date de rception.
Igitabo cyibirego cyandikwamo:
1 umwirondoro
babarizwa;
naho
The court register of claims shall include:

ababuranyi 1 identities and address of the parties;
58
Ce registre comprend les mentions suivantes:

1 lidentit et adresse du demandeur et du
dfendeur ;

2 itariki ikirego gitangiweho;
2 the date on which the claim is filed;
2 la date dintroduction de la demande ;
3 umunsi wiburanisha cyangwa wisubika- 3 the date of hearing or postponment of the 3 la date daudience et ventuellement de
rubanza numunsi wisomwa ryarwo;
hearing and the date of pronouncement of
remise et du prononc;
the judgement;
4 ikiregerwa mu magambo ahinnye;
4 the subject matter of the claim in brief;
4 lobjet succinct de la demande ;
5 the number of the file;
5 le numro du dossier ;
inomero ya dosiye;
6 itariki nimpamvu hiyambajwe inzira zo 6 the date of appeal and the subject matter 6 la date et lòbjet des voies de recours
kujurira,
ikijuririrwa
ningoboka
for appeal and incidental proceedings of
exerces et incidents de toute sorte.
zubwoko bwose.
any category.
Impapuro zicyo gitabo cyibirego zihabwa Pages of such a court register shall be Ce rle est cot avant usage.
inomero mbere y uko gikoreshwa.
numbered before use.
Ingingo ya 22 : Imyandikire yikirego
Article 22: Recording claims in the court Article 22: Modalits dacter des demandes
register
Ibirego byandikwa kandi ku rupapuro

rudafashe mu gitabo bigashyirwa muri dosiye
yurukiko. Inyandiko zibirego ntizigira
ahasibwe,
ahaharagaswe
cyangwa
ahakosorewemo.
Claims shall be recorded also into the court

register on a separate sheet and shall be put in
the case file. Claims shall not bear any
erasure, crossing out or alteration.
Ingingo ya 23: Itegurwa ryurubanza
Article 23: Preparing the case for the Article 23: Mise en tat de laffaire
hearing
Les demandes sont en outre actes sur papier

libre et verses dans le dossier de laffaire.
Elles sont actes sans biffure, ni grattage, ni
surcharge.
Iyo amaze kwakira ikirego, Umwanditsi After having received the claim, the chief Aprs avoir reu la demande, le greffier en
Mukuru wUrukiko atumiza ababuranyi registrar shall call the two parties, and remit chef assigne les deux parties, et remet la
bombi, agashyikiriza uregwa imyanzuro to the defendant the plaintiffs submissions partie dfenderesse les conclusions de la
59

yurega kandi akamusaba kuba yarangije
kuyisubiza mu gihe kitarenze iminsi cumi
nitanu (15), bitakubahirizwa ntibibe impamvu
yo gusubika urubanza asaba ko yahabwa igihe
cyo
kurutegura.
Umwanditsi
Mukuru
wUrukiko abaza ababuranyi niba hari ibindi
bimenyetso byakongerwa muri dosiye, abandi
batangabuhamya cyangwa se abavoka
bakeneye.
and request him/her to give reply within

fifteen (15) days, failure of which shall not
lead to request for the postponement of the
hearing due to lack of time to prepare for trial.
The chief registrar asks the parties for
possible additional evidence to be included in
the file or whether they do not require other
witnesses or members of the Bar Association.
partie demanderesse et lui demande dy

donner rplique endans quinze (15) jours,
faute de quoi, elle ne peut en faire valoir pour
requrir la remise de laudience pour cause
de manque de temps de prparer son procs.
Le greffier en chef demande aux parties sil
ny a pas de preuves supplmentaires verser
dans le dossier ou si elles nont pas besoin
dautres tmoins ou avocats.
Iyo Umwanditsi Mukuru abonye ko dosiye

yujuje ibyangombwa, amenyesha ababuranyi
itariki
urubanza
ruzaburanishirizwaho
bakabisinyira. Nyuma yaho Umwanditsi
Mukuru ategurira Perezida wUrukiko
icyemezo kigaragaza itariki yurubanza kugira
ngo agisinye.
After the formalities of registering the claim,

the chief registrar informs the parties in
writing indicating to them the date on which
the case will be heard, with acknowledgement
of receipt. Subsequently, the chief registrar
prepares an order fixing the date for hearing
the case, to be signed by the President of the
court.
Aprs avoir constat que la demande remplit

les formalits dinscription, le greffier en chef
addresse une assignation aux parties contre
accus de rception leur indiquant la date de
fixation de laffaire. Par la suite, le greffier en
chef soumet au Prsident de la juridiction
lordonnance portant fixation de laffaire pour
signature.
Mu itegura ryurubanza, Umwanditsi Mukuru In preparing the case file, the Chief registrar Lors de la mise en tat du dossier, le greffier
may also:
en chef peut galement:
ashobora kandi:
1 kwemeza ko habayeho ukwemera
ikirego mu gihe uregwa wemera
ikirego yabikoze mu nyandiko;
1 confirm that the defendant has

admitted the claim if he/she did so in
writing;
1 confirmer que le dfendeur a

acquiesc la demande sil la fait par
crit;
2 kumvikanisha ababuranyi hagamijwe

kurangiza
ikibazo
cyabo
mu
bwumvikane,
bitashoboka
dosiye
igategurwa igahabwa itariki yo
kuburanishwa.
Iyo
ababuranyi
bumvikanye hakorwa inyandikomvugo
2 reconcile the parties to obtain an

amicable settlement; where an
amicable settlement cannot be
obtained, the file shall be prepared and
the date for hearing the case shall be
determined; where there is an
2 concilier les parties en vue dobtenir le

rglement lamiable, dfaut, le
dossier est apprt et la date
daudience est fixe. Lorsque les
parties parviennent au rglement
lamiable, il est dress un procs-
60

yubwumvikane;
3 gusaba urega gushaka

umwunganira
bitewe
yurubanza rwe;
amicable settlement, a report thereof

shall be issued;
verbal de rglement lamiable;
umwavoka
nimiterere
3 request a plaintiff to seek a lawyer to

assist him/her depending on the nature
of the case;
3 demander au demandeur de chercher

un avocat suivant la nature de
laffaire ;
4 gusabira umuburanyi kuburanirwa ku

buntu;
4 request that a party benefits from free

legal aid;
4 demander quune partie bnficie

dune aide juridique gratuite;
5 gufata icyemezo cyo kuburanishiriza

hamwe imanza zisobekeranye;
5 decide to conduct a joint trial;
5 dcider de procder une jonction

dinstances;
6 gutegeka ko ihamagarwa rikorwa ku

bundi buryo bubereye nko gukoresha
radiyo, televiziyo cyangwa irindi
koranabuhanga;
6 order that the summons be made using

another most appropriate methods
such as radio, television or other
technological means;
6 ordonner que lassignation soit faite

par une autre voie approprie telle que
la radio, la tlvision ou tout autre
moyen de la technologie;
7 gutanga uruhushya rwo kumenyesha

ihamagara mbere cyangwa nyuma
yamasaha ateganyijwe;
7 give permission to issue the summons

before or after the scheduled time;
7 donner laccord de procder

lassignation avant ou aprs les heures
prvues ;
8 kwemeza amagarama yurukiko.
8 determine court fees.
8 fixer les frais de justice.
Ibivugwa muri iyi ngingo bikurikizwa gusa mu

manza mbonezamubano ziregewe inkiko
zisanzwe uretse ibivugwa mu gace ka kabiri
kayo bitareba Urukiko rwIkirenga.
The provisions of this Article apply only to

civil cases in ordinary courts, except for those
provided for in item 2 of the same Article
which does not apply to the Supreme Court.
61
Les
dispositions
du prsent
article
sappliquent seulement aux affaires civiles
portes devant les juridictions ordinaires, a
lexception du point 2 qui ne sapplique pas
la Cour Suprme.

Ingingo ya 24: Guha inyandiko zose Artilce 24: Numbering of all documents
inomero
Article 24: Cotation de toutes les pices

dposes
Inyandiko zose zitanzwe nababuranyi

cyangwa zanditswe numwanditsi wurukiko
cyangwa abacamanza zihita zihabwa inomero
kandi zigashyirwaho umukono uhinnye
numwanditsi wurukiko.
Toutes les pices dposes par les parties ou

actes par le greffier ou les juges, sont
immdiatement cotes et paraphes par le
greffier.
All documents submitted by the parties or

prepared by the court registrar or the judges,
shall be immediately numbered and signed by
the court registrar.
Ingingo ya 25: Abasangiye inyungu mu Article 25: Parties with same interests in a Article 25: Parties ayant les mmes intrts
rubanza
case
au procs
Iyo abasangiye inyungu mu rubanza ari benshi,
barega cyangwa baregwa, buri wese ku
bimureba afite uburenganzira ninshingano
zababuranyi.
If there are several co-plaintiffs or codefendants with same interests, each of them,
has the same rights and obligations as to these
interests.
Lorsque la demande est forme par ou contre

plusieurs co-intresss, chacun deux exerce
et supporte pour ce qui le concerne les droits
et obligations des parties linstance.

binareba abazungura cyangwa abibumbiye
hamwe baregera mu rubanza rumwe ikirego
kimwe. Buri wese atanga igarama rye.
Provisions of the Paragraph One of this

Article also apply to successors or members
of associations who shall file a joint claim.
Each one shall pay his/her court fees.

prsent article sappliquent galement en cas
de demande conjointe de successeurs ou de
membres dassociations. Chaque partie
consigne ses propres frais de justice.
Ingingo ya 26: Ireka ryuburenganzira bwo Article 26: Self deprivation of the right to Article 26: Dsistement daction
kurega
action
Kureka ikirego ni ukwiyambura ububasha bwo
kuburana.
Bijyana
no
kwiyambura
uburenganzira umuntu yari afite bwo
gukomeza
gukurikirana
icyo
kirego.
Ukwemera kundi muburanyi si ngombwa.
Self deprivation of the right to action is a self

denial of ones capacity to plead. It is also self
deprivation of rights to make a follow up of
the claim. Acceptance of another party is not
necessary.
62
Le dsistement daction est labandon du

pouvoir dagir. Il comporte la renonciation au
droit que cette action avait pour objet de
mettre en uvre. Il nest pas conditionn par
le consentement de làutre partie.

Kureka ikirego ntibishoboka igihe kureka
uburenganzira
bitemewe
nkubwerekeye
imimerere
yabantu
cyangwa
imanza
zindemyagihugu.
Self deprivation of the right to action shall not

be possible in case of dropping one`s rights
for social status or in relation to matters of
public order.
Ingingo ya 27: Amategeko agenga ireka Article 27: Rules determining

ryuburenganzira bwo kurega
deprivation of the right to action
Le dsistement daction ne peut avoir lieu

lorsquil porte sur un droit auquel il nest pas
permis de renoncer telles que les actions
dtat des personnes ou les matires dordre
public.
self Article 27: Rgles rgissant le dsistement

daction
Kureka uburenganzira bwo kurega bigengwa Self deprivation of the right to action shall be Le dsistement daction est soumis aux rgles
namategeko asanzwe yimbonezamubano determined by ordinary civil laws, related to ordinaires de droit civil relatives labandon
yerekeye kwiyambura uburenganzira.
self deprivation of rights.
dun droit.
UMUTWE WA II: GUHAMAGARWA CHAPTER
II:
SUMMONS
AND CHAPITRE II: ASSIGNATION
KWABABURANYI
NO SERVING SUMMONS ON PARTIES
SIGNIFICATION DES PARTIES
KUBIBAMENYESHA
Ingingo ya
umuburanyi
28:Urwandiko
ruhamagara Article 28: Summons
Urwandiko ruhamagara umuburanyi ni

inyandiko yurukiko inyuzwa ku mukozi
wabiherewe
ububasha
igashyikirizwa
umuburanyi kugira ngo yitabe urukiko.
ET
A summons is a judicial writ drafted by the Lassignation est lacte de justice signifi par
court registrar and delivered by a competent un agent habilit et destin une partie au
official and which compels a summoned party procs pour comparatre devant le juge.
to appear before a court.
Urwandiko
ruhamagara
umuburanyi, A summons can be served by a competent Lorsque lassignation est porte la
arugejejweho numukozi wabigenewe, rwitwa official to the party.
connaissance dune partie par exploit dagent
urwandiko rumenyesha.
habilit, on parle de signification.
Iyo runyujijwe mu iposita cyangwa mu buryo A summons can also be delivered to the party Lorsque cela se fait par le biais de la poste ou
bwikoranabuhanga,
rwitwa
urwandiko through post office or electronically.
par voie elctronique, on parle de notification.
rutumira.
63

Ingingo ya 29: Ibyangombwa mu kwandika Article 29: Elements necessary to issue Article 29: Elments ncessaires la
summons
rdaction de lassignation
Umuburanyi wese ushaka guhamagaza undi
mu rubanza ashyikiriza umwanditsi wurukiko
rwaregewe, mu nyandiko cyangwa mu
magambo, ibyangombwa byose kugira ngo
abashe kwandika urwandiko rumuhamagara.
Any person who wishes to summon another

shall provide to the court registrar all
necessary elements orally or in writing for the
drafting of the summons.
Toute personne qui veut en assigner une autre

fournit, verbalement ou par crit, au greffier
de la juridiction saisie de la demande tous les
lments ncessaires la rdaction de
lassignation.
Ingingo ya 30: Ibikubiye mu rwandiko Article 30: Contents of the summons

ruhamagara
Article 30: Contenu dune assignation
Urwandiko
ruhamagara
rwandikwa
numwanditsi wurukiko. Ruba rwanditseho
nimero yurubanza, amazina, umwuga, aho
urega nuregwa babarizwa. Runavuga mu
magambo ahinnye ikiregerwa, urukiko
rwaregewe kimwe nahantu, umunsi nisaha
ababuranyi bazitabiraho.
Lassignation est rdige par le greffier. Elle

contient les noms, prnoms, profession et
rsidence du demandeur et du dfendeur. Elle
nonce sommairement lobjet et indique la
juridiction devant laquelle la demande est
porte, ainsi que le lieu, le jour et lheure de
la comparution.
Rugomba
yurega.
kuba
Ingingo ya
bwihariye
ruherekejwe
31:
Uburyo
The summons shall be drafted by the court

registrar. It shall contain the names,
profession, residence of the plaintiff and of
the defendant. It shall briefly state the subject
matter and indicate the court the matter is
referred to as well as the place, date and hour
of appearance.
nimyanzuro It shall be accompanied by the submissions of Elle doit tre accompagne des conclusions
the plaintiff.
du demandeur.
bwitumira Article 31:
summoning
Aba bakurikira batumirwa kuri ubu buryo :
Special
procedure
for Article 31:

dassignation
Procdures
particulires
The following persons shall be summoned Sont assigns :

through the following procedures:
1 Intumwa Nkuru ya Leta mu izina rya Leta; 1 the Attorney General in the name of the
Government;
64
1 le Mandataire Gnral de lEtat au nom

de lEtat;

2 Umuyobozi wUmujyi wa Kigali, mu izina2 the City of Kigali in the name of its Mayor;
ry Umujyi;
2 le Maire de la Ville de Kigali au nom de

la Ville de Kigali ;
3Umuyobozi wAkarere mu izina ryAkarere; 3 the Mayor in the name of the District;
3 le Maire au nom du District;
4 Abahagarariye Ibigo bya Leta

ubuzimagatozi mu izina ryIbigo;
bifite4 legal representatives in the name of the

parastatal governments and public institutions
with legal personality they represent;
4 les reprsentants lgaux au nom des

administrations
parastatales
ou
tablissements publics dots de la
personnalit juridique quils reprsentent;
5Abahagarariye ibigo, sosiyete nimiryango5 legal representatives in the name of the

bitari ibya Leta bifite ubuzima gatozi mu private corporations, non governmental
izina ryabyo;
companies and associations with legal
personality they represent;
5 les reprsentants lgaux au nom des

tablissements, socits et associations
privs dots de la personnalit juridique
quils reprsentent ;
6 Abashinzwe gucunga igihombo mu izina6 Liquidators in the name of the bankrupts.

ryabahombye.
6 les curateurs de faillite au nom des faillis.
Ingingo ya 32: Kugaragaza ubushobozi Article 32:Status of the plaintiff

bwumuburanyi
Article 32: Mention de la qualit dune

partie
Igihe umuburanyi atarega mu izina rye

cyangwa uregwa atatumijwe ku giti cye,
urwandiko ruhamagara rugaragaza uruhare
bafite mu rubanza.
Lorsque le demandeur nagit pas en son nom

personnel ou lorsque le dfendeur nest pas
assign en son nom personnel, lassignation
mentionne la qualit en vertu de laquelle ils
apparaissent au procs.
Whenever the plaintiff is not acting in his/her

own name or whenever the defendant is not
summoned in his/her own name, the summons
shall specify the status in which they appear
at trial.
Ingingo ya 33: Kumenyesha ababuranyi Article 33: Summoning several persons

benshi urwandiko rwihamagara

plusieurs personnes
destine
Urwandiko ruhamagara kuburana rugenewe Summons meant for several persons shall be Une assignation destine plusieurs
ababuranyi
benshi
rumenyeshwa
buri served on each of them personally.
personnes doit tre signifie ou notifie
65

chacune delles sparment.
muburanyi ukwe.
Ingingo
ya
34:
Uburyo
itangwa Article 34:
ryurwandiko ruhamagara rikorwa
summons
Modalities of serving the Article 34: Modalits de signification dune

assignation
Urwandiko ruhamagara rutangwa numuhesha

wurukiko, umwanditsi warwo cyangwa undi
muntu wese ubifitiye ububasha. Ruhabwa
uregwa ubwe, yabura rugashyikirizwa iwe mu
rugo cyangwa mu icumbi rye, umuntu uhaba
ufite nibura imyaka cumi nitandatu (16)
yamavuko.
A summons is served by a court balliff, court

registrar or any other person authorized to do
so. It is served on the defendant in person, or
in his/ her absence at his/her residence or
his/her domicile, by leaving a copy with a
person residing there and who is at least
sixteen (16).
Lassignation est signifie par un huissier, un

greffier ou toute autre personne habilite cet
effet. Elle est signifie la personne du
dfendeur ou dfaut, remise son domicile
ou sa rsidence, une personne qui y rside
ge de seize (16) ans au moins.
Iyo kurushyikiriza uregwa ubwe cyangwa

umuntu wavuzwe mu gika cya mbere cyiyi
ngingo
binaniranye,
urwo
rwandiko
ruhamagara
rushobora
gusigirwa
Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa ku rwego
rwAkagari
cyangwa
rwUmurenge,
byananirana
rugasigirwa
Umuyobozi
wAkarere, amaze gushyira umukono ku
nyandiko yumwimerere yiryo hamagara.
If service to the defendant in person or the

person mentioned in the Paragraph One of
this Article is not possible, the summons may
be left to the Executive Secretary of the Cell
or Sector, in case of failure, it may be left to
the Mayor of the District after signing the
original copy of the summons.
A dfaut de signification la personne du

dfendeur ou la personne dsigne
lalina premier du prsent article,
lassignation peut aussi tre remise,
moyennant signature de loriginal, au
Secrtaire Excutif de Cellule ou de Secteur
ou dfaut, au Maire de District de lassign.
Abayobozi binzego zibanze, bamaze

gushyira umukono ku rwandiko ruhamagara,
bahera ko bashaka uburyo kopi yarwo yagera
kuri nyiruguhamagarwa.
After local authorities have signed the

summons, they shall immediately get possible
means of how the summons reaches the
summoned party.
Les autorits des instances de base aprs

signature
de
loriginal,
prennent
immdiatement les mesures utiles pour que la
copie de lassignation parvienne lassign.
Abo bantu baramutse banze cyangwa

barangaranye kwakira kopi yihamagara
cyangwa gushyira umukono ku rwandiko
ruhamagara rwumwimerere, iyo kopi ihabwa
In case such persons refuse or neglect the

receipt of the summons, or refuse signing the
original copy of the summons, such a copy
shall be served to the court registrar in the
Si ces personnes refusent ou ngligent de

recevoir la copie de lassignation ou de signer
loriginal, la copie est remise au greffier du
Tribunal de Base ou du Tribunal de Grande
66

umwanditsi wurukiko mu Rukiko rwIbanze nearest Primary Court or Intermediate Court Instance le plus proche qui se charge de la
cyangwa mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rurushije who takes necessary measures to deliver it to faire parvenir au dfendeur.
izindi kuba hafi agashaka uburyo yayigeza ku the summoned party.
wahamagawe.
Uko kwanga kwakira kopi yihamagara
cyangwa gushyira umukono ku rwandiko
ruhamagara rwumwimerere no kuyishyikiriza
uwo
igenewe
bikozwe
nUmuyobozi
wAkarere,
Umunyamabanga
Nshingwabikorwa wUmurenge cyangwa
wAkagari
bihanishwa
ihazabu
mbonezamubano yamafaranga kuva ku
bihumbi makumyabiri (20.000) kugeza ku
bihumbi ijana (100.000) byamafaranga yu
Rwanda bitabujije uwabigize kuba yacibwa
indishyi zakababaro zikwiye umuburanyi
warenganijwe niryo kosa.
Refusal by a Mayor of the District, an

Executive Secretary of the Sector or Cell to
receive the summons or to sign its original
and to serve it to the concerned person shall
be punished by a civil fine of twenty thousand
(20,000) to one hundred thousand (100,000)
Rwandan Francs without prejudice to a fine of
damages for the aggrieved party.
Ce dfaut, pour le Maire de District, le

Secrtaire Excutif de Secteur ou de Cellule
de recevoir, de signer ou de remettre
lassignation au destinataire, est passible
dune peine damende civile de vingt mille
(20.000) cent mille (100.000) francs
rwandais, sans prjudice des dommagesintrts qui peuvent tre dus la partie lse.
Niba uregwa atagira aho atuye mu Rwanda If the defendant does not have a known Si le dfendeur na pas de domicile connu au
hazwi, ariko aho acumbitse hazwi, urwo domicile in Rwanda, but has a known Rwanda mais y a lu rsidence connue, la
rwandiko barushyira aho acumbitse.
residence, the summons shall be served at signification est faite cette rsidence.
his/her residence.
Ingingo ya 35: Ibisobanuro byaho umuntu Article 35:Meaning
atuye naho acumbitse
residence
Muri iri tegeko, aho umuntu atuye bisobanura
ahantu yanditse mu bitabo byùbutegetsi kandi
afatira ibyangombwa bimuranga cyangwa aho
yahisemo kujya abarizwa.
of
domicile
and Article 35: Dfinition du domicile et de la

rsidence
In this Law, domicile means the place where a

person is registered in the official population
register and from where he/she obtains
identity documents or address where he/she
chose to be reached.
67
Au sens de la prsente loi, il faut entendre

par domicile, le lieu o une personne est
inscrite titre principal sur le registre de ltat
civil et o elle reoit ses pices didentit, ou
le lieu o elle a lu domicile.

Aho umuntu acumbitse, ni ahantu umuntu
atuye kubera imirimo akora cyangwa se kubera
izindi mpamvu ariko atariho yanditse mu
bitabo by ubutegetsi bimuranga.
Residence means any other place where a

person lives because of his/her duties or any
other reason, but where he/ she is not
officially registered and from where he/she
cannot obtain identity documents.
Il faut entendre par rsidence, tout autre lieu

o une personne a son tablissement par suite
de ses activits ou toute autre raison, o elle
ne peut ni tre inscrite titre principal sur le
registre de ltat civil, ni recevoir ses pices
didentit.
Ingingo ya 36: Ibisabwa mu gushyikiriza Article 36: Requirements in delivering Article 36: Mentions respecter en cas de
summons
remise dassignation
Urwandiko ruhamagara na kopi yarwo
zandikwamo
izina
ryuwashyikirijwe
ihamagara nisano afitanye nuregwa. Iyo kopi
idashoboye gutangwa, impamvu yabyo
yandikwa ku rwandiko ruhamagara na kopi
yarwo.
A summons and its copy shall contain the

name of the person who received it and the
relationship with the defendant. If it is not
possible for the copy to be served, the reason
thereof shall be written on the summons and
its copy.
Il est fait mention tant loriginal qu la

copie de lassignation, des noms de la
personne qui la reue et ses relations avec le
dfendeur. Si la copie na pas t remise, les
motifs sont indiqus sur loriginal ainsi qu
cette copie.
Urwandiko ruhamagara na kopi yarwo

byandikwaho
itariki
kopi
itangiweho
numwirondoro wumenyesha ihamagara
nuwo ari we kandi akazishyiraho umukono.
A summons and its copy shall contain the

date on which the copy has been served as
well as the identity and powers of the person
who served the summons which is signed by
him/her.
Loriginal et la copie de lassignation

mentionnent la date de signification ainsi que
lidentit et la qualit de celui qui procde la
signification et sont signs par lui.
Ingingo ya 37: Ubundi buryo bw itangwa Article 37:Other means of serving the Article 37: Autres modes de signification
ryurwandiko ruhamagara
summons
dassignation
Ihamagara kandi rishobora kumenyeshwa A summons may also be served by sending its Lassignation peut aussi tre signifie par
bohereje kopi yihamagara mu ibahasha copy through the registered mail with lenvoi de sa copie, par voie recommande
ishinganye mu iposita kandi igatanga icyemezo acknowledgment of receipt.
la poste contre rcpiss.
cyuko yakiriwe.
Iyo iposita ishyikirije urwandiko rwihamagara Where the post serves a summons, the Lorsque la poste remet lassignation la
68

umuburanyi asinyira ko arubonye nitariki defendant shall acknowledge receipt and partie assigne, cette dernire signe pour
aruboneyeho. Iminsi yihamagarwa itangira mention the date of the receipt. The period of rception et mentionne la date de rception.
kubarwa uhereye icyo gihe.
summoning shall run from that moment.
Le dlai dassignation commence courir
partir de ce moment.
Ihamagara rishobora nanone guhabwa umuntu
utumwe akagarura urwandiko rwemeza ko
uregwa yabonye ihamagara, ruriho umukono
we
nitariki
yarubonyeho
cyangwa
byanditsweho numwe mu bantu bavuzwe mu
ngingo ya 34 yiri tegeko, igika cya mbere.
A summons may also be served by sending it

through a messenger who is required to return
a document indicating that it was served on
the defendant with his/her signature and date
of receipt or endorsed by any of the persons
mentioned in Article 34 of this Law,
paragraph one.
Lassignation peut aussi tre remise un

messager ordinaire contre rcpiss, dat et
sign par la partie assigne ou la personne
mentionne larticle 34 de la prsente loi,
alina premier.
Ihamagara
rishobora
kandi
gukorwa
hakoreshejwe
umurongo
wìtumanaho
ryìkoranabuhanga rya interineti cyangwa
fagisi byatanzwe nùmuburanyi, niba adafite
aho atuye cyangwa aho acumbitse hazwi
cyangwa se niba ariyo aderessi yatanze izajya
inyuzwaho ubutumwa bwe.
A summons may also be served through

his/her email address or fax which was
provided to the court if the defendant`s
domicile or residence is unknown or if it is
his/her elected address.
Lassignation peut aussi tre signifie par

voie lectronique sur ladresse e-mail ou fax
de la partie assigne qui na ni domicile, ni
rsidence connue, ou sil sagit de ladresse
lue par elle-mme.
Uwohereje ihamagara hakoreshejwe uburyo The person who served the summons through Celui qui a signifi lassignation par voie
bwavuzwe mu gika kibanziriza iki agaragaza the means referred to in the preceding vise lalina prcdent prsente la preuve
inyandiko yerekana ko iryo hamagara ryagiye. paragraph shall present a written proof as to crite de lenvoi.
its being sent.
Ingingo ya 38: Ihamagara ryumuburanyi Article 38: Summoning a party living in a Article 38: Assignation dune
uba mu mahanga
foreign country
rsidant ou domicili ltranger
partie
Niba umuburanyi adafite aho atuye cyangwa If the party has no known domicile or Si une partie na ni domicile, ni rsidence
aho acumbitse hazwi mu Rwanda ariko afite residence in Rwanda but has a known connue au Rwanda mais a un domicile ou
ahandi atuye cyangwa acumbitse hazwi mu domicile or residence abroad, a copy of the une rsidence connue ltranger, une copie
69

mahanga, kopi yihamagara ayohererezwa aho
atuye cyangwa acumbitse mu ibahasha ifunze
kandi ishinganye mu iposita, indi kopi
ikamanikwa ahantu hagaragara hagenwe
nUrukiko rwaregewe mu kibanza cyarwo
kandi ninyandukuro yayo mu magambo
ahinnye ikamanikwa aho Inkiko Zisumbuye
zose zikorera, mu gihe cyamezi abiri (2).
summons shall be sent to his / her address by

registered mail and another copy be posted in
the open place as determined by the court the
matter is referred to and its summarized
written form be posted at all Intermediate
Courts in a period of two (2) months.
de lassignation lui est expdie ce domicile

ou cette rsidence sous pli ferm et
recommand la poste et une autre copie est
affiche un endroit public dtermin par la
juridiction saisie dans son enceinte et un
extrait est affich aux valves des siges de
tous les Tribunaux de Grande Instance
pendant deux (2) mois.
Ingingo ya 39: Itumizwa ryumuburanyi Article 39: Summoning a party with Article 39: Assignation dune partie sans
udafite aho aba hazwi
unknown address
adresse connue
Iyo umuburanyi adafite aho atuye cyangwa If the defendant has unknown domicile or
aho acumbitse hazwi, umwanditsi wurukiko residence, the court registrar shall summon
amutumira
akoresheje
uburyo him/her by way of publication.
bwimenyesharuhame.
Si la partie assigne na ni domicile ni

rsidence connue, il est procd par le greffier
au mode de signification par voie davis
public.
Ingingo ya 40: Imenyesharuhame
Article 40: Serving a summons by public Article 40: Signification de lassignation

notice
par avis public
Imenyesharuhame rikorwa mu buryo bwo

kumanika kopi yihamagara ahantu hagaragara
hagenwe nUrukiko rwaregewe mu kibanza
cyarwo kandi ninyandukuro yayo mu
magambo ahinnye ikamanikwa aho Inkiko
Zisumbuye zose zikorera, mu gihe cyamezi
abiri (2).
Serving a summons by public notice shall be

made by posting a copy of a summons in an
open place determined by the court the
matterseized and its summarised written form
shall be posted at all Intermediate Courts for
a period of two (2) months.
La signification dune assignation par avis

public se fait par laffichage dune copie de
lassignation dans un endroit public dtermin
par la juridiction saisie dans son enceinte. Un
extrait est affich pendant deux (2) mois aux
valves des siges de tous les Tribunaux de
Grande Instance.

bijyana no gutangaza icyemezo cya Perezida
wUrukiko gitegeka uwarezwe kwitaba
Urukiko mu gihe giteganyijwe, akamenyeshwa
Provisions mentioned in the Paragraph One of

this Article shall go hand in hand with the
publication of an order of the President of the
Court compelling the defendant to appear in

prsent article saccompagnent de la
publication dune ordonnance du Prsident de
la juridiction enjoignant le dfendeur de
70

ko kopi yikirego imutegereje mu bwanditsi court in prescribed time and shall be informed comparatre dans le dlai lui imparti et en
bwUrukiko.
that the copy of the claim awaits in the court linvitant de prendre connaissance de la copie
registry.
de la demande laisse au greffe son
intention.
Icyemezo gitangazwa mu kinyamakuru kimwe
cya Leta, byaba ngombwa kikanatangazwa no
mu kindi kinyamakuru cyigenga gisomwa na
benshi cyagenwe na Perezida wUrukiko.
The order shall be published in one State

newspaper, and where necessary, it may be
published in another private countrywide read
newspaper determined by the President of the
Court.
Lordonnance est publie dans un journal

public et, le cas chant, dans un autre journal
priv de grande diffusion dsign par le
Prsident de la juridiction.
Perezida wUrukiko ashobora gutegeka ko

itangazo rikorwa mu bundi buryo bubereye
nko gukoresha radio, televiziyo cyangwa irindi
koranabuhanga.
The President of the Court may order that the

notice be publicised through any other
appropriate means such as an announcement
on the radio, television or any other electronic
means.
Le Prsident de la juridiction peut ordonner

que la publication se fasse par tout autre
moyen appropri, notamment par lannonce
la radio et la tlvision ou par tout autre
procd lectronique.
Itangazwa
ryicyemezo
rikorwa
mu
Kinyarwanda, ariko bibaye ngombwa,
Perezida wUrukiko ashobora gutegeka ko
rikorwa no mu Gifaransa cyangwa mu
Cyongereza, cyangwa se no muri izo ndimi
zombi.
Publication of the order shall be made in

Kinyarwanda, but if considered necessary, the
President of the Court may order that it be
made also in French or English, or both.
La publication de lordonnance est faite en

Kinyarwanda mais, si les circonstances
lexigent, le Prsident de la juridiction peut
ordonner quelle soit faite aussi en Franais
ou en Anglais ou dans ces deux (2) langues.
Ingingo
ya
41:
cyimenyesharuhame
Ikimenyetso
kigaragazwa
cyaritangaje
bwurukiko.
Ikimenyetso Article 41: Proof of service by publication
cyimenyesharuhame Proof of service by public notice shall be

nurupapuro rwikinyamakuru made by submitting a copy of the page of the
gishyirwa
mu
bwanditsi newspaper in which the notice was published
to the court registry.
71
Article 41: Preuve dune signification par

avis public
La preuve dune signification par avis public
se fait par la production au greffe dun
exemplaire de la page du journal dans lequel
lavis a t publi.

Ingingo
ya
42:
Imenyesha
ku Article 42: Serving a summons to legal Article 42: Signification dassignation aux
mashyirahamwe, imiryango nibigo bifite entities
personnes morales
ubuzima gatozi
Imenyesha ku mashyirahamwe, imiryango
nibigo bifite ubuzima gatozi rikorerwa ku
cyicaro cyayo gikuru cyangwa aho ishami
ryayo rikorera. Urwandiko ruhamagara
rushyikirizwa umukozi ushinzwe kwakira
amabarwa.
Serving a summons to legal entities shall be

made on the registered head office, or on one
of their branches. A summons shall be
delivered to the person responsible for
receiving mails.
La signification aux personnes morales est

faite leur sige principal ou au sige de la
succursale ou de lagence. Elle est dlivre
la personne habilite recevoir le courrier.
Iyo aho ayo mashyirahamwe, imiryango If a legal entity has no known offices, a
nibigo bikorera hadashoboye kumenyekana summons shall be served as provided for in
hakoreshwa uburyo buteganywa mu ngingo ya Article 39 of this Law.
39 yiri tegeko.
Lorsque le sige dune personne morale nest

pas connu, il est procd au mode de
signification prvu larticle 39 de la prsente
loi.
Ingingo ya 43: Amasaha yo gutangamo Article 43: Hours of serving the summons
imenyesha
Article 43:
dassignation
Imenyesha ntirishobora gukorwa mbere ya saa

kumi nimwe za mu gitondo na nyuma ya saa
moya zijoro no ku minsi yikiruhuko, keretse
iyo hari uruhushya rwa Perezida wUrukiko
rutangwa nta muhango bikandikwa ku
mwimerere na kopi byinyandiko imenyesha.
Aucune signification ne peut tre faite avant

cinq (5) heures du matin ni aprs dix-neuf
(19) heures du soir ni le jour fri, si ce nest
quavec lautorisation crite du juge, obtenue
sans formalit et inscrite sur loriginal et les
copies de lacte signifier.
Service shall not be made before 5.00 am and

after 7.00 pm and on public holidays, unless
there is authorisation by the President of the
Court, which can be obtained without any
formalities and shall be written on the original
and the copy of the summons.
Heures
de
signification
Urwo ruhushya rusabwa Perezida wUrukiko Application for the authorisation shall be Cette autorisation est demande au Prsident
rwIbanze rwaho iryo menyesha rigomba made to the President of the Primary Court du Tribunal de Base du lieu de signification.
gukorerwa.
where the service is supposed to be made.
72

Ingingo ya 44: Igihe ihamagara rimara
Article 44:Period for serving the summons
Ihamagara rimara iminsi umunani (8) yakazi

yuzuye
kuva
umunsi
umuburanyi
yamenyesherejweho itumirwa rye nuwo
agomba kwitabaho.
The period of summons shall be of eight (8) Le dlai dassignation est de huit (8) jours
working days running from the date of francs entre la signification de lassignation et
serving the summons to that of appearing le jour de la comparution.
before the court.
Ihamagara ryabantu badafite aho batuye

cyangwa baba mu Rwanda hazwi ariko bafite
aho batuye hazwi mu mahanga rimara amezi
abiri (2), baba badafite aho batuye cyangwa
bacumbitse hazwi rikamara amezi atatu (3).
The period between service of summons and

the date of appearing in court for people with
unknown domicile or residence in Rwanda
but with a known address abroad is two (2)
months, and three (3) months for people with
unknown domicile or residence.
Le dlai dassignation est de deux (2) mois

pour les personnes qui nont ni domicile, ni
rsidence connu au Rwanda mais qui ont une
adresse connue ltranger, et de trois (3)
mois pour celles dont le domicile et la
rsidence sont inconnus.
Igihe ihamagara ryutuye mu mahanga

aryiherewe ubwe ari mu Rwanda, agomba
kwitaba mu gihe cyateganyirijwe ihamagara ku
bafite aho baba cyangwa bacumbitse mu
Rwanda hazwi.
When a summons to a person who resides

abroad is served on him/ her in person while
in Rwanda, he/she is required to appear in
court within the time provided for people with
known domicile or residence in Rwanda.
Lorsque lassignation une personne

domicilie ltranger lui est remise au
Rwanda, elle doit comparatre dans le dlai
prvu pour les personnes ayant domicile ou
rsidence connu au Rwanda.
Ingingo ya 45: Gutumiza umuburanyi mu Article 45: Summoning of a party with Article 45: Assignation bref dlai
gihe cya bugufi
promptness
Mu manza zigomba kuburanishwa mu gihe cya
bugufi,
Perezida
wurukiko
rubifitiye
ububasha, abigirishije icyemezo yatanze
abisabwe, ashobora gutanga uruhushya rwo
gutumiza umuburanyi mu gihe cya bugufi.
For those cases requiring promptness, the

President of the competent court may, by
using an order issued upon application, permit
the summoning of a party without delay.
Dans les cas qui requirent clrit, le

Prsident de la juridiction comptente, peut,
par ordonnance rendue sur requte, permettre
dassigner une partie bref dlai.
Ikibazo kibisaba nicyemezo kibitanga An application and a court order shall be La demande et lordonnance sont annexes
byomekwa kuri kopi yihamagara kandi attached on the copy of the summons and sur la copie de lassignation et signifie en
bigahabwa uhamagarwa hamwe nurwandiko served at the same time as the summons.
mme temps que celle-ci.
73

rumuhamagara.
Ingingo ya 46: Umunsi nisaha byo kwitaba
Article 46:
appearance
Date
and
the
hour
of Article 46: Date et heure de comparution
Umunsi nisaha byo kwitaba ni ibyanditswe ku The date and the hour of appearance shall be La date et lheure de comparution est celle
rupapuro rwihamagara.
indicated on the summons.
indique sur lexploit dassignation.
Iyo urwandiko ruhamagara umuburanyi
yarushyikirijwe ku buryo buteganyijwe mu
ngingo ya 34 yiri tegeko, iminsi yo kwitaba
itangira
kubarwa
kuva
ku
munsi
yarushyikirijweho cyangwa yarushyiriyeho
umukono cyangwa igikumwe.
When the summons is served in one of the

ways prescribed in Article 34 of this Law, the
time limit for appearing before the court shall
begin to run from the date of its receipt or
from the date of signature or finger print.
Lorsque lassignation est signifie de lune

des manires prvues larticle 34 de la
prsente loi, le dlai commence courir selon
le cas, du jour de lavis de rception ou de
celui du rcpiss.
Mu bihe biteganyijwe mu ngingo ya 40 yiri In the case provided for under Article 40 of Dans le cas prvu larticle 40 de la prsente
tegeko, iminsi itangira kubarwa ku minsi this Law, the time limit shall start to run from loi, le dlai court du jour de laffichage.
rwatangarijweho rumanikwa.
the date of posting the summons.
Ingingo ya 47: Ihamagara ridakurikije Article 47: Illegal summons
amategeko
Urwandiko ruhamagara rutanzwe numuntu
udashinzwe kurutanga cyangwa rutagaragaza
itariki rwahereweho umuburanyi ntirugira
agaciro imbere yurukiko.
Article 47: Assignation irrgulire
A summons issued by a person other than the Une assignation signifie par une personne
empowered official or the summons that does non habilite pour cet effet ou qui ne porte
not indicate the date on which it was issued, pas de date de signification est irrgulire.
shall be invalid.
Ingingo
ya
48:
Uburenganzira Article 48: Rights of a party summoned Article 48: Droit dune partie assigne
bwumuburanyi wahamagawe binyuranyije illegally
irrgulirement
namategeko
Umuburanyi warenganye mu rubanza azize ko An application can be made to set aside a La partie lse par un procs conscutif une
74

yahamagawe mu buryo budahuje namategeko, default judgment rendered against a party assignation irrgulire peut faire opposition
ashobora
gusaba
ko
urwo
rubanza who was served an illegal summons, if he/she au jugement si elle na pas pu comparatre.
rusubirwamo iyo atabashije kwitaba urukiko.
did not appear in court.
Umwete muke cyangwa kwanga guhamagara
cyangwa kumenyesha ihamagara, bihanishwa
ihazabu mbonezamubano yamafaranga yu
Rwanda kuva ku bihumbi makumyabiri
(20.000) kugeza ku bihumbi ijana (100.000)
bitabujije uwabigize kuba yacibwa indishyi
zakababaro
zikwiye
umuburanyi
warenganijwe niryo kosa.
INTERURO YA
RYURUBANZA
ZIRUVUKAMO
III:
The failure or refusal to fulfil the

requirements relating to summons or their
service is punishable by a civil fine of twenty
thousand (20.000) to one hundred thousand
(100.000) Rwandan Francs without prejudice
to damages for the aggrieved party.
La ngligence, le refus ou le dfaut de

signification sont passibles dune amende
civile de vingt mille (20.000) cent mille
(100.000) francs rwandais, sans prjudice des
dommages-intrts qui peuvent tre dus la
partie lse.
IBURANISHA TITLE III: HEARING A CASE AND ITS TITRE

III:
NINGOBOKA RELATED INCIDENTS
DAUDIENCE
ET
RELATIFS
INSTRUCTION
INCIDENTS
Y
UMUTWE WA MBERE: IBURANISHA CHAPTER ONE: HEARINGS

RYURUBANZA
CHAPITRE PREMIER: INSTRUCTION

DAUDIENCE
Icyiciro cya mbere: Iyitaba ryababuranyi
Section One: Appearance of parties
Section premire: Comparution des parties
Ingingo ya 49: Iyitaba ryababuranyi
Article 49: Appearing of parties
Article 49: Comparution des parties
Ababuranyi bitaba urukiko ubwabo cyangwa

bakitabirwa nababahagarariye. Muri icyo gihe
ababahagarariye bubahiriza na bo amategeko
akurikizwa ku baburanyi.
Parties shall appear in person or through their

counsels. In the latter case, their counsels
shall also be bound by the procedures
applicable to the parties.
Les parties comparaissent en personne ou par

leurs conseils. Dans ce dernier cas, toute la
procdure applicable aux parties est applique
aux conseils.
75

Ingingo ya 50: Kwitaba kwababuranyi Article 50: Personal appearance of parties
ubwabo
Article 50: Comparution personnelle des

parties
Ku nyungu zimigendekere myiza yubutabera,

Perezida w urukiko cyangwa inteko
iburanisha ashobora igihe cyose kandi mu
rubanza rwose gutegeka, nta nuwiriwe
abisaba, ko ababuranyi barwitaba ubwabo.
Pour une bonne administration de la justice, le

Prsident de la juridiction ou le sige peut, en
tout tat de cause et en toute matire,
ordonner mme doffice, la comparution
personnelle des parties devant la juridiction.
For good administration of justice, the

President of the Court or the bench may, at
any time, at any stage of the proceedings and
for any matter,even on his/her own initiative,
order the personal appearance of parties
before court.
Ingingo ya 51: Abandi bantu bashobora Article 51: Other persons that can appear Article 51: Autres personnes pouvant
guhamagarwa ubwabo
personally in court
comparatre personnellement
Perezida wurukiko cyangwa inteko iburanisha
ashobora guhamagara ku giti cyabo
abadashobora
kwiburanira,
ababafasha
cyangwa ababahagarariye ku bwamategeko.
The President of the court or the bench may

order the personal appearance of persons
declared incapable, of those who assist them
or of their legal representatives.
Le Prsident de la juridiction ou le sige peut

ordonner la comparution personnelle des
incapables, de leurs assistants ou de leurs
reprsentants lgaux.
Ingingo ya 52: Iyitaba ryimiryango, Article 52: Appearance of legal entities

amashyirahamwe nibigo bifite ubuzima
gatozi
Article 52: Comparution de personnes

morales

ashobora
guhamagara
amashyirahamwe,
imiryango nibigo bifite ubuzima gatozi. Bene
ayo mashyirahamwe, imiryango nibigo
byitaba bihagarariwe numwe mu babikorera
wabiherewe ububasha cyangwa umwe mu
bayobozi babyo cyangwa ufite ububasha bwo
guhagararira ibyo bigo amashyirahamwe
nimiryango ku bw itegeko cyangwa
amategeko yumwihariko yabyo abigenga.

ordonner la comparution des personnes
morales. Celles-ci comparaissent, soit par un
de leurs prposs muni dune procuration
spciale, soit par un membre de leur organe
de gestion dsign par celui-ci ou ayant
qualit pour reprsenter la personne morale en
vertu de la loi ou des statuts.

order the appearance of legal entities. The
latter appear either through an employee
holding a special power of attorney, or
through a member of their management or a
person having the status to represent the legal
entity by virtue of the law or its statutes.
76

Ingingo
ya
53:
zubutegetsi za Leta
Iyitaba
ryinzego Article 53: Appearance of Government Article 53: Comparution des organes de
administrative organs
ladministration publique

ashobora guhamagaza inzego z ubutegetsi
bwa Leta, zikitabirwa nintumwa ya Leta
yahawe ububasha nitegeko cyangwa undi
mukozi
wayo
wabiherewe
ububasha
budasanzwe kugira ngo azihagararire mu
manza.
The President of the Court or the bench may

order the appearance of Government
administrative organs, which appear in court
through a State Attorney, authorised to appear
in court on their behalf by virtue of the law or
any other employee entrusted with special
power of attorney to represent them in courts.

ordonner la comparution des administrations
publiques. Celles-ci comparaissent en la
personne dùn Mandataire de lEtat ou tout
autre agent de lEtat mandat cet effet et
muni dùn pouvoir spcial pour les
reprsenter.
Ingingo ya 54: Ihamagazwa ryabayobozi Article 54: Appearance of Governement Article 54: Assignation pour comparution
nabakozi batandukanye
directors or employees
personnelle de diffrentes autorits
ashobora guhamagaza ku giti cyabo abayobozi
cyangwa abakozi ba Leta, abagize Inama
yUbuyobozi cyangwa abakozi bibigo bya
Leta nabibyigenga kugira ngo ababaze
ibiberekeye ubwabo cyangwa ibyo bamenye
biturutse ku mirimo yabo, haseguriwe ibanga
ryakazi.
Ingingo
ya
55:
ryumuburanyi
Ingaruka

order the personal appearance of Government
Officials or employees, members of Board of
Directors or employees of Government
parastatals and private companies regarding
facts of which they have personal knowledge
or which came to their knowledge by virtue of
their duties, subject to respect for professional
secrecy.
zibura Article 55: Effects of default to appear

ordonner la comparution personnelle des
autorits et des agents de lEtat, des membres
du Conseil dadministration ou des agents des
tablissements publics et privs pour tre
interrogs tant sur les faits qui leur sont
personnels que sur ceux quils ont connus en
raison de leurs fonctions, sous rserve du
respect du secret professionnel.
Article 55: Effets du dfaut dune partie
Iyo umuburanyi utegetswe kwitaba ubwe If a party who has been ordered to appear in Lorsque la partie appele comparatre
abuze, urukiko rushobora gushingira kuri uko person fails to do so, the court may draw all personnellement fait dfaut, le juge peut en
kubura rukagira icyo rwemeza.
legal inferences on that basis, and take a tirer toute consquence de droit.
decision.
77

Ingingo ya 56: Ibikubiye mu cyemezo Article 56: Content of court order for Article 56: Mention de la dcision
cyurukiko gitegeka ababuranyi kwitaba parties to appear in person
ordonnant la comparution personnelle
ubwabo
Icyemezo cyurukiko gitegeka ababuranyi ngo
barwitabe ubwabo kivuga umunsi, isaha naho
bazitabira. Icyo cyemezo ntigishobora
kujuririrwa.
A court order requiring the personal

appearance of a party shall indicate the date,
time and place of appearance. The order shall
not be subject to appeal.
La dcision ordonnant la comparution

personnelle des parties en fixe le jour, lheure
et le lieu. Elle nest pas susceptible de
recours.
Icyiciro cya 2: Ibura ryababuranyi
Section 2 : Default of appearance
Section 2 : Dfaut des parties
Ingingo ya 57: Uburenganzira bwuregwa Article 57: Rights of defendant in case of Article 57: Droits du dfendeur en cas de
iyo urega atitabye
the plaintiffs default
non comparution du demandeur
Iyo urega atitabye urukiko nta mpamvu,
uregwa ashobora gusaba ko urubanza rusibwa
cyangwa agasaba ko ruburanishwa mu mizi
yarwo, urubanza ruciwe rukazafatwa nkaho
rwaburanishijwe ababuranyi bahari, keretse iyo
urukiko, ku nyungu zubutabera, rusanze ari
ngombwa ko urubanza rwimurirwa ku yindi
tariki kugira ngo urega yongere ahamagarwe.
If the plaintiff fails to appear before the court

without a justified reason, the defendant may
request a dismissal of the case or ask the court
to hear the case on merits in his/her favor, and
the judgement shall be considered as rendered
after hearing both parties, unless for good
administration of justice, the court is required
to adjourn the case to another date in order to
re-summon the plaintiff.
Si, sans motif lgitime, le demandeur ne

comparat pas, le dfendeur peut, soit
demander dfaut cong, soit requrir un
jugement sur le fond qui sera rput
contradictoire, sauf la facult pour le juge de
renvoyer làffaire une audience ultrieure
sil estime que la prsence du demandeur est
ncessaire pour une bonne administration de
la justice.
Iyo urubanza rusibwe, icyo cyemezo kiba If the case is struck off from the court Si làffaire est raye du rle, linstance est
kivanyeho urubanza, namagarama yatanzwe register, it shall cease to be and all court fees teinte et les frais dj occasionns sont mis
yose agaherera ku urega.
already incurred shall be borne by the la charge du demandeur.
plaintiff.
78

Ingingo ya 58: Gusaba kubyutsa urubanza Article 58: Request to re-introduce an Article 58: Demande de rintroduction
rwasibwe
already struck off case
dune affaire aprs sa radiation du rle
yo urubanza rwasibwe mu bitabo byurukiko,
mu rwego urwo ari rwo rwose, bitewe nikosa
ryushaka kongera kurubyutsa, icyo kibazo cye
nticyakirwa atabanje kugaragaza impamvu
idasanzwe kandi ikomeye yamubujije kuza
kuruburana mbere.
When a case is struck off from the court

register, a party may not, at any time, have the
case reintroduced, unless he/she provides an
exceptional and serious reason that led to the
failure of his/ her appearance before the court.
Lorsquune affaire a t raye du rle,

quelque degr que ce soit, la rintroduction ne
sera recevable que si la partie demanderesse
excipe une cause exceptionnelle et grave de
nature justifier pleinement sa dfaillance
antrieure.
Kongera kurubyutsa bikorwa mu gihe Application for reintroduction of proceedings La rintroduction dinstance ne sera recevable
cyiminsi cumi nitanu (15) kuva umunsi shall be made within fifteen (15) days from que dans un dlai de quinze (15) jours
urubanza rwasibweho.
the date the case was struck off from the court compter du jour de la radiation.
register.
Urukiko rwaregewe ni rwo rufite ububasha The court has the power to allow the
bwo kubimwemerera rusanze impamvu atanga reintroduction of a case if it finds the reasons
ari zo. Icyemezo rufashe ntikijuririrwa.
for the failure to appear founded. Its decision
is not subject to appeal.
La juridiction saisie apprcie souverainement

ladmissibilit des causes de dfaillance
allgues et la dcision rendue nest pas
susceptible de recours.
Kubyutsa urubanza mu rwego rwubujurire Re-introduction of an appeal case shall not La rintroduction dinstance raye du rle en
ntibihagarika irangiza ryarwo.
stop its execution.
appel nest pas suspensive.
Icyo kirego gifatwa nkikirego cyo mu rwego
rwubujurire. Icyemezo cyurukiko mu
bujurire ku byerekeranye nikirego cyo
kubyutsa urubanza ntikijuririrwa.
Such a claim shall be considered as a claim in Une telle action est considre comme une
appeal. A decision of the court regarding the action en appel et la dcision y affrente
reintroduction of proceedings shall not be rendue par la juridiction est sans recours.
subject to appeal.
Ibyo ari byo byose, ntabwo urubanza rwasibwe

umuburanyi akarubyutsa rushobora kongera
kubyutswa ku nshuro ya kabiri mu gihe
atitabye rugasibwa.
In any case, no one may apply for Dans tous les cas, la rintroduction sur
reintroduction of proceedings for the second rintrodution dinstance raye du rle pour
time in case of his/ her default in the previous dfaut de comparution ne vaut.
hearings on the first reintroduction.
79

Ingingo ya 59: Kutitaba kuregwa ku Article 59: Defendants default to appear Article 59: Non comparution du dfendeur
nshuro ya mbere
for the first hearing
la premire audience
Iyo mu iburanisha rya mbere uregwa atitabye
nta mpamvu, urega ashobora gusaba ko
urubanza rwimurirwa ku yindi tariki cyangwa
se gusaba ko ruburanishwa uregwa adahari.
Muri icyo gihe hasuzumwa imyanzuro yurega
kandi ikirego cye kikakirwa, kigahabwa
ishingiro iyo gifite ireme kandi cyaratanzwe
mu buryo no mu nzira bikurikije amategeko.
If the defendant does not appear to the first

hearing without valid reason, the plaintiff may
apply for adjournment of the case or for the
case to proceed in the absence of the
defendant. In the latter situation, the
submissions of the plaintiff shall be
considered, his/her claim received and given
basis if well founded and if it has been lodged
in compliance with the procedure provided
for by the Law.
Si la premire audience, le dfendeur ne

comparat pas sans motif lgitime, le
demandeur peut, soit solliciter une remise
daudience, soit requrir quil soit statu par
dfaut au fond. Dans ce dernier cas, les
conclusions du demandeur sont adjuges et le
juge ne fait droit la demande que dans la
mesure o il lèstime rgulire, recevable et
bien fonde.
Ingingo ya 60: Ukutitaba kuregwa mu Article 60: Defendant`s default to appear Article 60: Non comparution du dfendeur
isubukurwa ryurubanza
for the second hearing
aux audiences ultrieures
Iyo nyuma yiburanisha rya mbere, uregwa
atongeye kugaruka mu iburanishwa ryurwo
rubanza cyangwa iyo yitabye ariko akanga
kugira icyo avuga ku rubanza rwe, urega asaba
kurwimurira mu minsi cumi nitanu (15),
uregwa
akongera
guhamagarwa
yihanangirijwe.
If after the first hearing, the defendant fails to

appear at subsequent hearings, or appears but
abstains from saying anything on his/her
behalf, the plaintiff shall apply for hearing
within fifteen (15) days after the defendant
has been informed and warned.
Lorsque, aprs avoir comparu la premire

audience, le dfendeur ne se prsente plus aux
audiences ultrieures ou lorsque aprs avoir
comparu, il sabstient de conclure, le
demandeur requiert de poursuivre linstance
aprs sommation de quinze (15) jours faite au
dfendeur.
Iyo hashize iminsi cumi nitanu (15) kuva

igihe uregwa yamenyeshejwe ko agomba
kwitaba, urega asaba ko urubanza yaregeye
ruburanishwa.
Urwo
rubanza
rufatwa
nkurwaburanishijwe
ababuranyi
bombi
bahari.
After expiration of fifteen (15) days from the

date the defendant was informed of his/her
appearance, the plaintiff shall apply for
adjudication of the case. The judgment shall
be considered to have been rendered after due
hearing of the parties.
Aprs quinze (15) jours de la sommation

comparatre, le demandeur requiert quil soit
statu sur laffaire. Dans ce cas, le jugement
intervenir est rput contradictoire.
80

Ingingo ya 61: Iyitaba rya bamwe mu Article 61: Appearance of some defendants Article 61:Comparution de certains des
baregwa
mu
biburanwa
byinshi in indivisible claims
dfendeurs en cas de litiges indivisibles
bidashobora gutandukanwa
Iyo ku birego bidashobora gutandukana, hariho
abaregwa benshi bamwe bakitaba abandi
ntibitabe, urukiko, rubisabwe numwe mu
bitabye cyangwa rubyibwirije ruhagarika
iburanisha ryurubanza rukarushyira ku wundi
munsi.
If, in indivisible claims, only some defendants

appear, the court, either on its own motion or
upon application by one of the parties present,
shall stop the hearing or adjourn it to another
date.
Si, en cas de litiges indivisibles, certains

dfendeurs comparaissent et dautres pas, la
juridiction de jugement, la requte dune des
parties comparantes, ou mme
dòffice,
remet laffaire une autre date quelle fixe.
Umwanditsi wurukiko yandika ku mpapuro The court registrar shall make a record of the Le greffier fait mention au plumitif de
ziburanisha ababuranyi bataje numunsi absent parties and the new date of the hearing laudience, tant de la non-comparution des
urubanza ruzongera kuburanishwaho.
on the copies of minutes of the proceedings.
parties absentes que de la date de la remise.
Umwanditsi wurukiko, akurikije amategeko
agenga iburanisha, amenyesha ababuranyi bose
kandi abihanangirije umunsi urubanza
ruzongera
kuburanishirizwaho,
kandi
akanabamenyesha ko urubanza ruzacibwa
ruzafatwa nkaho rwaciwe ababuranyi bose
bahari.
By observing the procedure of hearings, the

court registrar shall inform all the parties of
the new date of the hearing and warn them
that any judgement made in the absence of
one of the parties shall be considered to have
been rendered after due hearing of both
parties.
Le greffier avise toutes les parties, avec

sommation,
suivant
la
procdure
dassignation, de la date de la remise, en leur
signalant que la dcision intervenir sera
rpute contradictoire.
Hacibwa urubanza rumwe ku baburanyi bose, A single judgement is delivered in respect of Il est statu par un seul jugement rput
naho haba harimo abitabye nyuma yaho all the parties even including those who contradictoire entre toutes les parties, y
ntibongere kugaruka.
appeared but did not appear again.
compris celles qui,
ayant comparu
auparavant, ne comparatraient plus.
81

Ingingo ya 62: Iyitaba rya bamwe mu Article 62: Appearance of some defendants Article 62: Comparution de certains
baburanyi mu biburanwa byinshi bishobora in divisible claims
dfendeurs en cas de litiges divisibles
gutandukanwa
Iyo mu rubanza rumwe rufite ibiburanwa
byinshi kandi bishobora gutandukanwa,
bamwe mu baregwa bitabye abandi ntibitabe,
urukiko, rubisabwe numwe mu baburanyi
bitabye, rushobora gutandukanya ibirego,
rukabiburanisha mu manza zitandukanye,
hubahirijwe amategeko agenga ububasha
bwInkiko, cyangwa se rukimurira urubanza
ku yindi tariki, ababuranyi bagahamagarwa
bihanangirijwe,
hakurikijwe
ibiteganywa
ningingo ya 61 yiri tegeko.
If, in divisible cases, some of the defendants

appear and not others, the court may, at the
request of any of the parties present, separate
the claims and try them in separate
proceedings, subject to the laws regarding
jurisdiction of courts, or adjourn the case to
another date and summon the parties under
warning, in accordance with the provisions of
Article 61 of this Law.
Si, en cas de litiges divisibles, certains

dfendeurs comparaissent et dautres pas, la
juridiction de jugement, la requte dune des
parties comparantes, peut soit disjoindre
linstance et juger sparment ces litiges dans
des audiences diffrentes, sous rserve des
rgles relatives la comptence, soit remettre
làffaire une autre date et assigner les parties
avec sommation conformment la procdure
prvue làrticle 61 de la prsente loi.
Ingingo ya 63: Kwimura cyangwa gusiba Article 63: Adjourning or striking off the Article 63: Remise ou radiation dune
urubanza kubera ibura ryababuranyi
case from the register in case of default of affaire en cas de dfaut de toutes les parties
all parties
Iyo ku munsi wiburanisha nta muburanyi
numwe
witabye
urukiko
kandi
baramenyeshejwe
umunsi
wiburanisha,
urukiko rushobora kwimurira urubanza ku
wundi munsi, cyangwa gusiba urubanza mu
bitabo byurukiko mu gihe bigaragarira
urukiko ko ababuranyi badafite inyungu yo
gukurikirana urubanza rwabo.
If, on the date of hearing none of the

summoned parties appears, the court may
adjourn the case or strike it off fromthe
register when it is evident that the parties had
no interest to follow up their case.
82
Si, au jour de laudience, aucune des parties

rgulirement assignes ne comparat, le juge
peut, soit remettre laffaire un autre jour,
soit la rayer du rle quand il apparat la
juridiction quaucune des parties nest plus
intresse de poursuivre laffaire.

Icyiciro cya 3: Iburanisha mu rukiko
Section 3 : Hearing in court
Akiciro ka mbere: Impaka mu iburanisha Sub-section one: Debates during a hearing

ryurubanza
Ingingo ya 64: Iburanisha
numucamanza umwe
Section 3: Audience des plaidoiries

Sous-section premire: Dbats laudience
rikozwe Article 64: Hearing of a case by a single Article 64: Audience juge unique
judge
Urukiko ruburanisha mu rwego rwa mbere no

mu bujurire rugizwe numucamanza umwe
yunganiwe numwanditsi wurukiko; iyo
bitabaye ibyo urubanza ruta agaciro.
A court hearing a case on the first instance Chaque juridiction statuant au premier degr
shall be comprised of a single judge assisted et en appel doit, sous peine de nullit, siger
by a court registrar, otherwise the judgement juge unique assist par un greffier.
becomes invalid.
Icyakora, mu bujurire, Perezida wurukiko

abyibwirije, ashobora gushyiraho inteko
yabacamanza batatu cyangwa barenga ariko
buri gihe bigiharwe bunganiwe numwanditsi
wurukiko bitewe nuko abona uburemere
nimiterere yurubanza.
However, during the appeal the President of

the court at his/ her own motion, may appoint
a bench of three (3) judges or more but it
must be an odd number at all times, assisted
by a court registrar depending on the gravity
and nature of the case.
Toutefois, au degr dappel, le Prsident de la

juridiction peut, doffice, composer un sige
de trois (3) juges ou plus pourvu que ce soit
toujours en nombre impair et qui sont assists
par un greffier, eu gard limportance et la
nature de laffaire.
Iyo umucamanza cyangwa umwe mu

bacamanza batangiye urubanza adashoboye
kurukomeza kubera impamvu zinyuranye,
asimburwa na mugenzi we byemejwe na
Perezida wurukiko.
When a judge cannot continue with the

hearing due to various reasons, he/she shall be
replaced by another judge upon a decision of
the President of the court.
Lorsque le juge ayant sig dans une affaire

ne peut pas poursuivre son jugement pour une
raison quelconque, il est remplac par un
autre juge sur dcision du Prsident de la
juridiction.
Muri icyo gihe, iburanisha rikomereza aho In such situation, the hearing shall proceed.
ryari rigeze.
83
Dans ce cas, laudience continue son cours.

Ingingo ya 65: Iburanisha ku munsi Article 65: Hearing on the date and place Article 65: Date et endroit de laudience
nahantu hagenwe nurukiko
fixed by the court
fixs par la juridiction
Iburanisha rikorwa ku munsi nahantu
hagenwe
nurukiko.
Ababuranyi
babyumvikanyeho,
iburanisha
rishobora
gukomeza na nyuma yamasaha yakazi kimwe
ndetse no kwimurirwa ku munsi wiburanisha
ukurikiyeho.
The hearing shall take place on the date and

place fixed by the court. It may, with
agreement of the parties, continue after
working hours or be adjourned to the next
hearing date.
Les dbats ont lieu au jour et lendroit fixs

par la juridiction de jugement. Ils peuvent
avec làccord des parties se poursuivre aprs
les heures de service et mme au cours de la
plus prochaine audience.
Iyo umwe mu baburanyi asanze iburanisha

ryatangiye adahari, umucamanza ashobora
kumwemerera kwinjira mu rubanza cyangwa
kumwangira bitewe naho iburanisha rigeze.
When one of the parties comes late for the

hearing, the judge may allow or refuse
him/her to take part into debates depending on
which phase the hearing is at.
Lorsquune audience dbute en labsence de

lune des parties, le juge peut autoriser ou
refuser la partie qui tait absente prendre
part aux dbats en tenant compte de la phase
du droulement daudience.
Muri icyo gihe, iburanisha rikomereza aho In such case, the hearing shall proceed.
ryari rigeze.
Dans ce cas, laudience continue son cours.
Ingingo ya 66: Kuburana ku bijyanye Article 66: Hearing of the subject matter
nicyaregewe
Article 66: Plaidoirie quant lobjet du

litige
Ababuranyi kimwe nababunganira baburana

gusa ku bijyanye nicyaregewe kandi mu
rurimi bose bumvikanaho. Iyo bidashobotse
umucamanza ategetswe gushaka umusemuzi.
Parties and their counsel shall be limited to

those matters which constitute the subject
matter and in the language agreed upon by all
parties. Where this is not possible, the judge
shall look for an interpreter.
La plaidoirie par les parties ou leurs conseils

doit se limiter uniquement ce qui a fait objet
de la demande et dans une langue comprise
par les deux parties. Dans le cas contraire, le
juge doit trouver un interprte.
Ababuranyi bombi baburana mu buryo

bwivuguruzanya. Barasubizanya mu rubanza
basanga ari ngombwa bakanatanga mu
nyandiko ingingo baburanisha n imyanzuro
The parties are heard in an adversarial

manner. They respond to each other and if
they find it necessary, they can present
written arguments and additional conclusions.
Les dbats laudience sont contradictoires.

Les parties au procs prsentent leurs
dfenses et peuvent, le cas chant, produire
les conclusions et mmoires subsquents.
84

byinyongera.
Ingingo ya 67: Iburanisha mu ruhame Article 67: Hearing conducted in public or Article 67:Audience publique ou huis clos
cyangwa mu muhezo
camera
Iburanisha ryurubanza rikorwa mu ruhame.
Hearing of cases shall be conducted in public.
Les audiences sont publiques.
Icyakora, iyo urukiko rubyibwirije cyangwa

se rubisabwe nababuranyi bombi cyangwa
umwe muri bo, rusanga kuburanisha mu
ruhame byatera impagarara cyangwa se
byabangamira umuco wimbonezabupfura
nuburenganzira bwabantu mu mibereho
yabo, rufata icyemezo ko iburanisha rikorwa
mu muhezo kandi rugasobanura nimpamvu
yabyo. Iki cyemezo ntikireba abunganizi bo
muri urwo rubanza.
However, if the court upon its own motion or

when one of the parties or both of them
resquest so, finds the hearing conducted in
public would be dangerous to public order or
good morals and peoples rights or would be a
detrimental invasion of privacy, the court may
take a decision that the hearing be conducted
in camera and the explanation thereof shall be
given. This decision does not concern parties
counsels in that particular case.
Toutefois, si la juridiction, doffice ou la

demande de lune des parties ou des deux la
fois, trouve que la tenue de laudience
publique enfreindrait lordre public,les bonnes
murs et les droits des personnes ou
lìntimit de la vie prive, elle dcide le huis
clos, et cette dcision doit tre motive. Le
huis-clos ne concerne pas le conseil impliqu
dans le procs.
Nyamara, nubwo urukiko ruburanisha mu

ruhame, ibyerekeranye no gufata amajwi
namafoto
bitangirwa
uruhushya
numucamanza wiburanisha.
Nevertheless, even if the hearing of cases is

conducted in public, matters concerning
photography and recording shall be authorised
by the judge.
Nanmoins, mme si laudience se droule en

public, la prise de photos ou lenregisrement
en cours daudience doit tre autoris par le
juge.
Ingingo ya 68: Uburyo iburanisha rikorwa
Article 68: Conducting the hearing
Article 68: Droulement daudience
Perezida winteko yurukiko ni we uyobora The presiding judge shall conduct the Le Prsident du sige dirige les dbats et les
iburanisha akanarisoza iyo urukiko rufite hearings and ends them when he /she finds dclare clos lorsque la juridiction sestime
ibisobanuro byose bya ngombwa.
that the court has all the necessary sufficient suffisamment claire.
justifications.
Iburanisha rikorwa mu buryo bukurikira :
The hearing shall be conducted in the Les dbats se font dans lòrdre ci-aprs :
following order:
85

1Perezida winteko avuga ko iburanisha
ritangiye;
1 the presiding judge declares the hearing

open;
1 le Prsident du sige dclare les dbats

ouverts ;
2Umwanditsi
wurukiko
ahamagara
ababuranyi
kandi
agasoma
ikirego
cyibanze;
2 the court registrar calls the parties and

reads the original complaint;
2 le greffier appelle la cause et donne

lecture de la demande originaire ;
3ababuranyi nabatangabuhamya babo

bavuga umwirondoro wabo iyo bahari;
3 the parties and their witnesses, if there

are any, identify themselves;
3 les parties et leurs tmoins sil y en a,

dclinent leur identit ;
4 abatangabuhamya barahezwa kandi

bagatandukanywa mbere yo kubazwa;
4 the witnesses are asked to leave the

court and separated before they are heard;
4 les tmoins sont invits se retirer et

se sparer avant de dposer ;
5 umucamanza abaza ababuranyi niba hari

inzitizi cyangwa ingoboka bafite bifuza
gutanga;
5 the judge asks parties if they have

objections or incidental proceeding to be
raised;
5 le juge demande aux parties si elles

ont des exceptions ou incidents
soulever ;
6 urega, umwunganira cyangwa intumwa

ye yahaye urubanza ahabwa umwanya wo
gusobanura
ikirego
cye
ningingo
aburanisha mu rubanza rwe;
6 plaintiff, his / her counsel, or his / her

authorised representative is invited to
present his / her claims, legal basis and
his/ her conclusions;
6 le demandeur, son conseil ou son

fond de pouvoir est invit prsenter ses
arguments et ses conclusions ;
7 uregwa cyangwa umwunganiye cyangwa

uwahawe ububasha bwo kumuhagararira
ahabwa ijambo, kugira ngo yiregure ku
byo aregwa kandi atange ibimenyetso;
7 the defendant, his/her counsel, or his or

her authorised representative is invited to
present his/her defence on the claims and
produce evidence;
7 le dfendeur, son conseil ou son fond

de pouvoir est invit son tour
prsenter sa dfense et dvelopper ses
preuves, ses moyens et conclusions;
8 ababuranyi bahabwa ijambo kugira ngo

basubize, iyo bibaye ngombwa;
8 the parties are given the floor to

respond, if necessary;
8 les parties sont autorises rpliquer

sil y a lieu ;
9
ibyo
ababuranyi
banenga
abatangabuhamya barabisobanura;
9 the criticisms
witnesses
are
9 les reproches tmoins sont prsents

avec des faits lappui;
86
directed towards
presented
with

justifications;
10 abatangabuhamya barabazwa umwe
ukwe undi ukwe kandi bamaze kurahira
muri aya magambo: Ndahiriye kuvugisha
ukuri.Nindamuka mbeshye nzabihanirwe
namategeko. Iyo bibaye ngombwa
bararahizanya kugira ngo banyomozanye
mu maso yababuranyi cyangwa badahari,
niba uko kuhaba byababuza kuvuga ukuri;
10 the witnesses of the parties are heard

one by one and after swearing in these
terms: I swear to tell the truth. May I
face the law if I tell lies. If necessary,
they administer oath to each other for the
purposes of confrontation before the
parties or in their absence, if that presence
is likely to influence the truth;
10 les tmoins sont entendus sparment

aprs avoir prt le serment ci-aprs : Je
jure de dire la vrit. En cas de parjure
que je subisse la rigueur de la loi . En
cas de ncessit, ils se dfrent le serment
pour confrontation en prsence des
parties ou en
leur absence si cette
prsence est susceptible dinfluencer la
vrit ;
11 ababuranyi bahabwa umwanya wo

gusubizanya kandi byaba ngombwa
bakanyomozanya
nabatangabuhamya.
Ababuranyi
bashobora
kandi,
babyemerewe
nurukiko,
kwibariza
abatangabuhamya ku buryo butaziguye.
Ababuranyi barabazwa kandi nabo
bagahabwa umwanya wo kubaza cyangwa
wo guhinyuza imvugo yindi yabatsindisha;
11 the parties are confronted with each

other and if necessary, the testimony of
the witnesses. They may, upon
authorization by the court, directly cross
examine witnesses. Parties They are heard
and authorized to ask questions
themselves or to refute those declarations
which are prejudicial to their interests;
11 les parties sont confrontes entre elles

et, au besoin, avec les tmoins. Elles
peuvent interroger de faon directe les
temoins sur autorisation du juge. Les
parties sont interroges et autorises
poser des questions leur tour ou
rfuter les dclarations prjudiciables
leurs intrts;
12 iyo bibaye ngombwa kandi rubisabwe

numwe
mu
baburanyi
cyangwa
rubyibwirije, Urukiko rutegeka ibindi
bikorwa byinyongera byatuma ukuri
kumenyekana;
12 the court can give, either on its own

motion or upon application of the parties,
any additional proceeding deemed
necessary or useful for the establishment
of truth;
12 la juridiction ordonne, sil ya lieu,

doffice ou la demande des parties,
toute
mesure
dinstruction
complmentaire quelle estime ncessaire
ou utile la manifestation de la vrit ;
13 Perezida winteko iburanisha abaza

ababuranyi niba hari icyo bongera ku
miburanire yabo;
13 the presiding judge asks the parties if

they have any declarations to add to their
pleadings;
13 le Prsident du sige demande aux

parties si elles ont dautres dclarations
ajouter leurs plaidoiries;
87

14 Perezida winteko yurukiko amenyesha
ababuranyi
umunsi
urubanza
ruzasomerwaho;
14 the presiding judge informs the parties

the date of judgement pronouncement;
14 le Prsident du sige communique aux

parties le jour du prononc;
15 Perezida winteko iburanisha asaba

ababuranyi nabatangabuhamya iyo bahari
kimwe nababunganira cyangwa uwahawe
ububasha, gushyira umukono cyangwa
igikumwe ku mpapuro ziburanisha,
akanavuga ko iburanisha risojwe.
15 the presiding judge requests the parties

and witnesses if they are present as well
as their representatives or any person with
power of attorney, to sign or affix
fingerprints on minutes of proceedings
and declares the hearings closed.
15 le Prsident du sige invite les parties

aux procs, sil y en a, leur conseil ou
fond de pouvoir apposer la signature
ou lempreinte digitale sur les feuilles
daudience et dclare clos les dbats.
Ingingo ya 69: Inyandiko itanzwe nyuma Article 69: Document presented after the Article 69:
yiburanisha
hearing
laudience
Document
vers
aprs
Nta nyandiko muri rusange, imyanzuro

yurubanza ninyandiko ikubiyemo ingingo
ziburanishwa bishobora kohererezwa urukiko
nyuma yiburanisha.
No documents in general, conclusions of the En principe, aucune pice, conclusion ou

case and the document containing provisions mmoire, note de plaidoirie ne peut tre
pertaining to the case may be deposited with dpose aprs la clture des dbats.
the court after the hearing has been declared
closed.
Icyakora, iyo mbere yo kwiherera mu guca

urubanza habonetse inyandiko cyangwa se
ikindi kintu gishya kizafasha mu kugaragaza
ukuri kivumbuwe numwe mu baburanyi,
ashobora mu gihe urubanza rutaracibwa
kugishyikiriza urukiko, amaze kukimenyesha
umuburanyi we.
However, if before deliberations, a new and

relevant document or fact which can help to
demonstrate the truth is discovered by one of
the parties, he/she may, before judgment is
rendered, present it to the court after having
communicated it to the other party.
Toutefois, si avant le dlibr, une pice ou

un fait nouveau et pertinent devant servir la
manifestation de la vrit est dcouvert par
lune des parties, elle peut, tant que le
jugement na pas encore t prononc, le
dposer, aprs lavoir communiqu la partie
adverse.
Urukiko ubwarwo ni rwo rusuzuma niba ari The court alone shall assesse whether it is La juridiction de jugement apprcie
ngombwa gusubukura iburanisha.
necessary to re-open hearing.
souverainement lopportunit de rouverture
des dbats.
88

Nyamara, iyo urukiko rusanze ruzashingira Nevertheless, if the court will render Nanmoins, si le juge estime quil doit
kuri icyo kintu gishya mu guca urwo rubanza, judgement on the basis of the new evidence, it trancher le litige sur base de ce fait nouveau,
biba ngombwa ko rwemeza gusubukura must order a re-opening of the case.
il doit aussi ordonner la rouverture.
iburanisha.
Urukiko na rwo rubyibwirije, mbere yo gufata The court also upon its own motion before
icyemezo, rushobora ariko gusubukura taking a decision may re-institute the hearing
iburanisha mu gihe rusanga byafasha kugira when it finds it helpful for the establishment
ngo ukuri kugaragare.
of truth.
Cependant, la juridiction, doffice, peut

dcider de la rouverture des dbats quand
elle le juge opportun pour la manifestation de
la vrit.
Iyo isubukurwa ritegetswe, urukiko rugena If the case is reopened, the court shall fixe the Si la rouverture des dbats est admise, la
umunsi,
ahantu
nisaha
ababuranyi date, place and time on which the parties will juridiction fixe le jour, le lieu et lheure
bazarwitabira kugira ngo baburane.
appear.
auxquels les parties seront entendues.
Ingingo ya 70: Ibyandikwa ku rupapuro Article 70 :Records of the hearing
rwiburanisha
Article 70:Rdaction faite sur la feuille

daudience
Uretse mu gihe iburanisha ryakozwe hari

uburyo bwo gufata amajwi namashusho,
umwanditsi wurukiko yandika ku rupapuro
rwiburanisha cyangwa agafata amajwi
yibyavuzwe byose mu rubanza kimwe
nibyarukozwemo bifitanye isano na rwo.
Sauf en cas de plaidoire par enregistrement, le

greffier acte la feuille daudience ou
enregistre tout ce qui est dit ou fait
laudience relative linstruction.
Apart from where hearings are conducted by

recording, the court registrar shall write down
the minutes of the hearing or recrod all that is
said and done in the course of trial that relates
to the case.
Ingingo ya 71: Ibikubiye ku rupapuro Article 71: Content of the hearing minutes
rwiburanisha
Article 71: Mention de la feuille daudience
Impapuro ziburanisha ziba zikubiyemo:
La feuille daudience mentionne:
1. icyaregewe gisobanuye neza;

2. umwirondoro wuzuye wababuranyi;
The hearing minutes shall contain :

1.
the precise subject matter of the
case;
2.
the full identification of the parties;
89
1. lobjet prcis de la demande;

2. lidentit complte des parties;

3. ibyavuzwe nurega nuregwa ndetse
nundi muburanyi wese uje mu rubanza;
3.
all of the declarations of the plaintiff
and the defendant as well as those of other
parties to the trial;
3. toutes les dclarations du demandeur et

du dfendeur ainsi que celles de toute
partie au procs;
4. umwirondoro
wuzuye
wabatangabuhamya nibyo bavuze;
4.
the full identification of
witnesses and their declarations;
the
4. lidentit complte des tmoins et leurs

dclarations;
5. umukono
cyangwa
igikumwe
cyababuranyi bose n abatangabuhamya
bose;
5.
the signatures or finger prints of all
the parties and witnesses;
5. la signature ou lempreinte digitale de

toutes les parties et de tous les tmoins;
6. ko urubanza rwaburanishijwe
ruhame cyangwa mu muhezo;
mu
6.
whether the hearing was conducted
in public or in camera ;
6. la mention de la publicit ou du huisclos de toutes les audiences;
7. izina numukono ryumucamanza

cyangwa abacamanza baruburanishije
kimwe niryumwanditsi wurukiko;
7.
the name and signature of the judge
or judges as well those of the court
registrar;
7. le nom et la signature du ou des juges et

du greffier;
8. aho urubanza rwaburanishirijwe nitariki

rwasomeweho
8.
the place of the hearings and date of
the judgment pronouncement.
8. le lieu des audiences et

prononc.
la date du
Ingingo ya 72: Kugenzura ibyanditse ku Article 72: Verification of records of the Article 72: Vrification du contenu de la
rupapuro rwiburanisha
hearing
feuille daudience
Ababuranyi kimwe n abatangabuhamya
bemerewe, mbere yo gushyira imikono
cyangwa igikumwe ku mpapuro ziburanisha,
gusoma cyangwa gusomesha kugira ngo
bagenzure niba ibyanditse bihwanye koko
nibyo bavuze mu iburanisha. Iyo bafite icyo
babivugaho bishyirwa mu nyandiko kuri izo
mpapuro iburanisha ritarasozwa.
The parties as well as witnesses shall be

permitted to verify the conformity of the
minutes to their declarations before signing or
initial finger print on the copies of minutes of
the hearing, read them or request a person to
read for them, to verify whether what is said
corresponds to their statements in trial. If they
have any comments, it is recorded on copies
90
Les parties et les tmoins sont autoriss

avant dapposer leurs signatures ou
empreintes digitales sur la feuille daudience,
la lire ou la faire lire afin de vrifier si son
contenu correspond bien aux dbats. Leurs
objections, sil yen a, sont actes la feuille
daudience, sance tenante.

of minutes before closing the hearing.
Akiciro ka 2: Umutekano mu iburanisha
Ingingo ya 73:
kwababuranyi
Kugira
Sub-section 2: Order in court
ikinyabupfura Article 73: Politeness of parties
Sous-section 2: Police daudience

Article 73:Respect la justice par les
parties
Mu migirire yabo no mu magambo yabo,

abafite ijambo mu rubanza bose bagomba
kugirira ikinyabupfura abacamanza, abo
baburana nabantu bari aho.
In all their doings and words, all the people

who take part in the courts proceedings shall
be polite and respectful with regard to the
judges, their adversaries and the public.
Dans leurs gestes et paroles tous ceux qui

prennent part aux dbats doivent faire preuve
de la politesse et du respect tant envers les
juges quenvers leurs adversaires et le public.
Bavuga ibyerekeye urubanza ntacyo bishisha

ariko bavugana icyubahiro gikwiye ubutabera
kandi bagasobanura neza ingingo zabo kugira
ngo abacamanza babashe kuzumva.
They shall speak freely about matters relating Ils parlent librement avec tout le respect d
to their cases, but with the respect due to la justice et toute la clart ncessaire pour
justice and the clarity necessary for the faciliter la comprhension des juges.
understanding of judges.
Utandukiriye akavuga ibidahuye nikiburanwa

cyangwa ugira ikinyabupfura gike, uyoboye
iburanisha aramucyaha. Yakomeza cyangwa
yavuga amagambo atarimo ikinyabupfura,
akamucecekesha akanya, akabigira mu buryo
bwiza yirinda guhutaza umuburanyi cyangwa
kumubabaza.
A speaker who deviates from the subject

matter of the case or who is not courteous is
brought to order by the presiding judge. If
he/she persists in his/her deviations and
discourteous remarks, the presiding judge can
silence him/her for a moment in a polite way
without intimidating or harassing him/her.
Lorateur qui scarte du sujet ou qui manque

aux rgles de biensance, est ramen lordre
par le Prsident du sige. Celui-ci, tout en
vitant toute mesure dintimidation ou de
vexation, peut lui retirer momentanment la
parole, sil persiste dans ses digressions ou
dans ses propos discourtois.
Ibyo umucamanza ategetse byose byerekeye All of the judges directives regarding the Tout ce que le juge ordonne pour le maintien
umutekano kugira ngo iburanisha rigende neza order and discipline for the smooth running of de lordre et de la discipline des dbats est
bihera ko bikurikizwa nkuko yabitegetse.
a hearing shall be immediately executed.
excut ponctuellement et immdiatement.
91

Ingingo ya 74: Kutambara ingofero mu Article 74: Removing hats during the Article 74:
rukiko
hearing
audiences
Uretse ababyemerewe n itegeko, abaje aho
urubanza ruburanishwa cyangwa ahantu hose
abacamanza bakorera imirimo bashinzwe,
bavana
ingofero
mu
mutwe
kandi
bagakurikirana iyo mirimo mu cyubahiro kandi
bacecetse.
Subject for those authorised by law, persons

who attend hearing or are present in all places
where judges are exercising their official
functions must remove their hats, be
respectful and silent.
Se
tenir
dcouvert
aux
Sous rserve des drogations lgales, ceux qui

assistent aux audiences ou dans tous les
endroits o les juges exercent leurs fonctions,
se tiennent dcouverts, dans le respect et le
silence.
Ingingo ya 75: Kubahiriza umutekano mu Article 75: Ensuring security during the Article 75: Respect de lordre laudience
iburanisha
hearing
Iyo mu rukiko cyangwa ahandi hose
abacamanza baburanishiriza, umwe cyangwa
benshi mu bantu bahari bateye urusaku,
bagaragaje ko bagize icyo bashima cyangwa
bagaya, bagatera cyangwa bagakongeza
imvururu mu buryo ubwo aribwo bwose,
uyobora iburanisha arabacyaha, bakomeza
akabirukana byaba ngombwa akitabaza inzego
zumutekano,
bitabujije
ibindi
bihano
biteganywa namategeko.
If in court or in any place where a public

judicial hearing is being held, one or several
of the persons present make noise, outwardly
express approval or disapproval, or cause or
encourage any disturbances in any manner
whatsoever, the presiding judge shall bring
them to order and if they persist, expels them,
if necessary, he/she shall inform the security
personnel without prejudice to other penalties
provided for by the Law.
Si, la salle daudience ou en tous lieux o

se fait publiquement une instruction
judiciaire, lun ou plusieurs des assistants
interrompent le silence, donnent des signes
extrieurs
dapprobation
ou
de
dsapprobation, causent de trouble ou du
tumulte de quelque manire que ce soit, le
Prsident du sige les ramne lordre par
avertissement, et sils persistent, les fait
expulser et en cas de ncessit, recourt aux
forces de lordre, sans prjudice dautres
sanctions prvues par la loi.
Iyo imvururu zitewe n umuburanyi, uyoboye

iburanisha aramucyaha, akamumenyesha ko
nakomeza amwirukana urubanza rugakomeza
kuburanishwa nkaho ahari. Iyo bamusohoye
akanga, uyoboye iburanisha yitabaza ushinzwe
umutekano akamusohora ku ngufu, bitabujije
If the trouble is caused by a party to the case,

the presiding judge shall bring him/ her to
order, if he / she persists, the judge shall expel
him/her and the hearing continues, as if
he/she is present. If he/she is expelled and
refuses to leave, the presiding judge shall
Si les troubles sont causs par une partie au

procs, le Prsident du sige la ramne
lordre et lui avertit que, si elle persiste, il
lexpulsera et que le jugement sera rput
contradictoire. Si elle oppose une rsistance
son expulsion, le Prsident du sige fait
92

ibindi bihano biteganywa namategeko.
inform the security personnel who shall expel recours aux forces de lordre qui la mettent
the party by force, without prejudice to other dehors sans prjudice dautres sanctions
penalties provided for by the Law.
prvues par la loi.
Iyo imvururu zitewe numuntu ufite umurimo

mu rukiko cyangwa uwunganira abandi mu
nkiko, hatirengagijwe ibiteganyijwe mu gika
cya mbere cyiyi ngingo, ashobora no
guhagarikwa
ku
murimo
hakurikijwe
amategeko agenga umurimo we.
If the trouble is caused by a person who

works for the court or a member of the Bar
Association, without prejudice to the
provisions of paragraph one of this Article,
he/she may be suspended from his/ her duties,
in accordance with the relevant legal
provisions.
Si le trouble est caus par un individu

remplissant une fonction prs la juridiction
saisie ou un avocat, il peut, sans prjudice des
dispositions de lalina premier du prsent
article, tre suspendu de ses fonctions suivant
les dispositions lgales en la matire.
Ingingo ya 76: Kuburanisha ibyaha bikozwe Article 76: Trying offences committed Article 76: Jugement des dlits daudience
mu iburanisha
during the hearing
Mu gihe cyiburanisha iyo hakozwe icyaha
gihanishwa igihano kitarenga igifungo
cyimyaka itanu (5), urukiko, rushobora guhera
ko ruhana uwagikoze.
If an offence committed during the hearing is

punishable by a maximum imprisonment of
five (5) years, the court may immediately
sentence the perpetrator.
Si linfraction commise pendant laudience

est
punissable
de
cinq
(5)
ans
demprisonnement
au
maximum,
la
juridiction de jugement peut condamner
immdiatement lauteur de linfraction.
Iyo icyo cyaha cyakozwe gihanishwa igifungo

kirenze imyaka itanu (5), urukiko rumaze
gufatisha
uwagikoze
no
kwandika
inyandikomvugo
yibyo
yakoze,
rumwoherereza
umushinjacyaha
hamwe
nibimenyetso bimushinja.
If the offence is punishable by a sentence of

more than five (5) years of imprisonment, the
court, after having the person arrested and
making a statement of the facts, shall send the
file and the detainee before a competent
public prosecutor.
Si linfraction commise est punissable de plus

de cinq (5) ans demprisonnement, aprs avoir
fait arrter le dlinquant et dresser le procs
verbal des faits, la juridiction de jugement
envoie les pices du dossier et le prvenu
devant lOfficier de lOrgane National de
Poursuite.
93

UMUTWE WA II: INGOBOKA ZIVUKA CHAPTER
II:
MU IBURANISHA RYURUBANZA
PROCEEDINGS
HEARING
INCIDENTAL CHAPITRE
II:
INCIDENTS
DURING
THE LÌNSTRUCTION DÀUDIENCE
Icyiciro cya mbere:Ingingo rusange
Section One:General provisions
Ingingo ya 77: Igisobanuro cyingoboka
Article 77:
proceedings
Muri iri tegeko, ijambo ingoboka risobanura

impamvu izo arizo zose zivuka mu iburanisha
ryurubanza
zigahagarika
imigendekere
yurubanza cyangwa zigahindura imiterere
yikirego.
In this Law, the term incident means any

reason occurring during the hearing that may
lead to the suspension of the proceedings or
the changes in the nature of the claim.
Definition
of
DE
Section premire:Dispositions gnrales

incidental Article 77: Dfinition de lincident
Au sens de la prsente loi, le terme incident

signifie toute question souleve ou tout
vnement survenu au cours dune instance
dj ouverte et qui a pour effet, soit de
suspendre ou darrter
la marche de
linstance, soit de modifier la nature de la
demande.
Ingoboka zivugwa muri uyu mutwe ni inzitizi The incidents mentioned in this Chapter are Les incidents prvus dans le prsent chapitre
nimpamvu zituma ikirego kitakirwa.
objections and reasons for the inadmissibility sont les exceptions et les fins de non recevoir.
of a claim.
Muri iri tegeko, inzitizi ni impamvu
umuburanyi atanga, atagamije kunenga
urubanza mu mizi yarwo, ahubwo agamije
gusaba gusubikisha iburanisha mu mizi
ryarwo.
In this Law, an objection is a reason raised by

a party without the intention to undermine the
legality of the claim, but with the intention of
its adjournment before adjudication in
substance.
Dans la prsente loi, une exception est un

moyen par lequel une partie, sans sattaquer
au fond du droit, demande lajournement de la
discussion sur le fond de la demande.
Impamvu ituma ikirego kitakirwa ni ingingo

yose isaba kutakira ikirego cyumuburanyi,
hatinjiwe mu mizi yacyo, kubera ko adafite
uburenganzira bwo kurega, nko kuba adafite
ububasha ninyungu zo kurega, ubusaze
The reason for the inadmissibility of a claim

is any argument requesting for inadmissibility
of a claim without being considered on merit
such as not having the status, capacity, and
interest to file a claim, prescription of the
Une fin de non-recevoir est tout moyen qui

tend faire dclarer la partie adverse
irrecevable en sa demande, sans examen au
fond, pour dfaut de droit dagir, tels que
notamment le dfaut de qualit, de capacit et
94

bwikirego, kurenza igihe cyo kurega, claim, expiry of the prescribed period to file a dintrt dàgir, la prescription de laction, la
urubanza rwabaye itegeko cyangwa kudatanga claim, a decided case or non payment of court forclusion des dlais, la chose juge ou le
amagarama.
fees.
dfaut de consignation pralable des frais de
justice.
Ingingo ya 78: Igihe cyo kubyutsa ingoboka Article 78: Time to raise an incident
ivutse mu rubanza
Article 78: Moment de soulever un incident
Ababuranyi bagomba kubyutsa inzitizi

cyangwa impamvu ituma ikirego kitakirwa,
mu gihe urega ataratangira gusobanura ikirego
cye, usibye mu gihe itegeko ribiteganya
ukundi.
Parties shall raise an objection or any reason

that may lead to the inadmissibility of a claim
when the plaintiff has not started explaining
his/her claim, except when the law provides
otherwise.
Les parties sont tenues de soulever toute

exception ou fin de non recevoir au seuil du
procs, avant que le demandeur ait pris la
parole pour expliquer sa demande, sauf
stipulation contraire par la loi.

ntibireba umucamanza ushaka kubyutsa
inzitizi cyangwa impamvu ituma ikirego
kitakirwa
abyibwirije
kuko
ashobora
kuyibyutsa igihe cyose urubanza rutarasomwa.
Provisions of the paragraph One of this

Article shall not apply to a judge who wants
to raise an incident at his/her own motion
since the judge can raise it at anytime before
pronouncing the judgement.

prsent article ne sappliquent pas au juge qui
soulve doffice un incident car il peut le faire
tout moment de la procdure avant le
prononc.
Iyo umuburanyi abyukije inzitizi cyangwa

impamvu ituma ikirego kitakirwa, urukiko
ruyifataho icyemezo mbere yo gukomeza
iburanisha mu mizi yurubanza.
Whenever the party raises an objection or any

reason that may lead to the inadmissibility of
the claim, the court shall take a decision
before proceeding with the hearing.
Toutes les fois quune partie soulve une

exception ou une fin de non recevoir, la
juridiction est tenu dy statuer avant de
poursuivre lexamen de laffaire.
Urukiko rushobora ariko, mu nyungu

yimigendekere myiza yubutabera, no
gutegeka ko ruzasuzumira hamwe mu rubanza
rumwe ikibazo cyinzitizi cyangwa impamvu
ituma
ikirego
kitakirwa
ingoboka
rwashyikirijwe
nisuzumwa
ryurubanza
nyirizina.
However, for good administration of justice,

the court can order that the objection be
examined at once in one claim during the
hearing on the subject matter.
Toutefois, pour la bonne administration de la

justice, la juridiction de jugement peut dcider
de lexamen de lexception en mme temps
que lexamen du fond de laffaire et de statuer
par un seul et mme jugement sur lexception
et sur le fond.
95

Icyiciro cya 2: Inzitizi mu rubanza
Section 2: Objections
Section 2: Exceptions
Akiciro ka mbere: Inzitizi yerekeye Sub section One: Objection regarding Sous-section premire: Exception relative
ubutumwa bwo kuburanira abandi mu mandate for legal representation
au mandat de reprsentation en justice
nkiko
Ingingo ya 79: Kuburanira abandi mu Article 79: Legal representation
nkiko
Article 79: Reprsentation en justice
Ababuranyi bunganirwa mu nkiko hakurikijwe Parties shall be represented in courts in Les parties sont reprsentes en justice
amategeko agenga Urugaga rwAbavoka mu conformity with provisions governing the Bar conformment aux dispositions rgissant le
Rwanda.
Association of Rwanda.
Barreau au Rwanda.
Akiciro ka 2: Inzitizi yerekeye kwambura Sub section 2: Objection regarding Sous-section 2: Exception relative la
intumwa urubanza no kuyigarika
removal and disowning of the power of rvocation et au dsaveu dun mandataire
representation
Ingingo ya 80: Kutarenga imbibi Article 80: Not exceeding the terms of Article 80 : Respect des limites du mandat
zububasha uwunganira undi yahawe
mandate
Abunganira ababuranyi nababahagararira
ntacyo bashobora gukora ngo cyemerwe iyo
kirenze ububasha bahawe namategeko
cyangwa kirenze ubutumwa bwabo.
Counsels cannot validly undertake any

procedural act which would exceed the limits
of their powers as provided for by the law or
by the terms of their mandate.
Lavocat et tout autre reprsentant en justice

ne peuvent, sous peine de dsaveu, poser
aucun acte de procdure qui excderait les
limites de leurs pouvoirs tels que fixs par la
loi ou par les termes de leur mandat.
Ingingo ya 81: Kwambura cyangwa Article 81: Revoking or modifying the Article 81: Rvocation ou modification du
guhindura ububasha bwo guhagararirwa mandate conferred by the represented mandat de reprsentation
mu nkiko
party
Umuntu wese ufite umuhagarariye mu Any person who is represented and has the Toute personne reprsente, capable dagir en
rubanza, ariko kandi ashobora kwiburanira, capacity to act in court, may, at any stage of justice, peut en tout tat de procdure,
96

ashobora aho urubanza rwaba rugeze hose
ruburanishwa, kwambura cyangwa guhindura
ububasha yari yahaye umuhagarariye cyangwa
uwo yahaye urubanza, kugira ngo yiburanire
ubwe cyangwa ashyireho undi umuburanira.
the proceedings, revoke or modify the

mandate conferred to his/her representative,
in order to represent himself/herself or
provide for replacement.
rvoquer ou modifier le mandat confi son

fond de pouvoir, son mandataire ad litem
ou son dfenseur lgal, pour dfendre luimme ses intrts ou pourvoir son
remplacement.
Nyamara ariko, mbere yuko uwari wahawe

ububasha mu buryo bwemewe abwamburwa,
ibyo yakoze byose mu rubanza mu buryo
bwemewe namategeko kandi atarengeje
ububasha bigumana agaciro kabyo kandi
bishobora kugira ingaruka kuri nyirurubanza.
However, the procedural acts legaly made by

a duly mandated representative before the
revocation and within the limits of his/her
mandate remain valid and may have effects
on the concerned party.
Toutefois les actes de procdure lgalement

poss avant la rvocation par un reprsentant
dment mandat et dans les limites de son
mandat restent valables et peuvent tre
invoqus contre la partie concerne.
Ingingo ya 82: Ubushobozi bwo kwigarika Article 82: Disowning a representative

intumwa
Article 82: Possibilit de dsavouer un

mandataire
Umuntu ufite umuhagararira mu rubanza

ashobora kwanga kwemera ibyakozwe
numuhagarariye cyangwa uwo yahaye
urubanza wakoze ibirenze ububasha yahawe,
wagize uburiganya cyangwa wabangamiye
inyungu ze.
La personne reprsente peut dsavouer son

fond de pouvoir ou son mandataire qui a
outrepass son mandat ou agi par dol ou qui a
compromis ses intrts.
Ingingo ya
bikorwamo
83:
Uburyo
A person who is represented may disown his/

her representative who exceeds his/her
mandate or acts fraudulently or who did not
act in his/her best interest.
kwigarika Article 83: Procedure for disowning
Kwigarika ibyakozwe nuhagarariye undi mu

rubanza bikorerwa mu rukiko urubanza
rurimo. Bimenyeshwa uwigaritswe kandi
bikanamenyeshwa ababuranyi bo mu rubanza
rwiremezo bahamagawe mu rubanza rwo
kwigarika.
Disowning deeds of a legal representative

shall be made before the court in which the
claim is heard. It is notified to the person
whose act is being disowned and to the parties
to the principal claim who are called to the
hearing.
97
Article 83: Procdure du dsaveu
Le dsaveu des actes accomplis par le

mandataire est port la juridiction devant
laquelle laffaire est pendante. Il est signifi
au dsavou et dnonc aux parties de
linstance principale qui sont appeles dans
celle du dsaveu.

Ikurikirana ryose ryurubanza rwiremezo
nikiza ryarwo biba bihagaritswe kugeza igihe
urubanza rwubwigarike rumariye gucibwa.
Bitabaye ibyo ntirushobora kugira agaciro,
uretse ko urukiko rutegeka nyirukwigarika
umuhagarariye gukora ibyo asabwa ngo urwo
rubanza rwubwigarike rucibwe mu gihe
rwemeje. Iyo atabikoze urukiko ruca urwo
rubanza rwubwigarike mu minsi mirongo itatu
(30).
All proceedings and judgments relating to the

main claim shall be suspended until the
disowning case is heard; otherwise, it shall be
invalid unless the court requires a disowning
party to make sure the disowning case is
decided within the time limits set. Upon
failure to do so, the court shall render a
judgment on disowning case within thirty (30)
days.
Il est sursis toutes procdures et au

jugement de linstance principale jusqu ce
que la dcision sur le dsaveu soit prise, sans
quoi le jugement sur le fond serait nul, sauf
que la juridiction ordonne au dsavouant de
faire juger le dsaveu dans un dlai fix.
Sinon, il est fait droit sur le dsaveu dans un
dlai de trente (30) jours.
Ingingo ya 84: Kwemeza ko ubwigarike Article 84:Validity of disowning

bufite ishingiro
Article 84: Validit du dsaveu
Iyo byemejwe ko ubwigarike bufite ishingiro, If the disowning is declared valid, the
urubanza cyangwa ingingo zarwo zatumye judgment or those provisions of the judgment
ubwo bwigarike bubaho biraseswa.
that were related to the disowning shall be
quashed.
Si le dsaveu est dclar valable, le jugement

ou les dispositions du jugement relatives aux
chefs qui ont donn lieu au dsaveu sont
annuls.
Uwigaritswe ashobora gucibwa indishyi

zakababaro
zigahabwa
uwamwigaritse
nabandi baburanyi yarenganyije, keretse iyo
uwigaritswe ari intumwa yumuburanyi ku
bwitegeko, usibye iyo ahamijwe ko yabigiriye
uburiganya.
Le dsavou peut tre condamn aux

dommages-intrts envers le demandeur et les
autres parties prjudicies, sauf si cest le
mandataire lgal, moins quil ne soit tabli
que celui-ci a agi par dol.
The disowned person may be condemned to

pay damages to the plaintiff and other
prejudiced parties, unless he/she is a legal
counsel and it is established that he/she did
not act fraudulently.
Ingingo ya 85: Kwemeza ko ubwigarike Article 85: Rejected disowning

budafite ishingiro
Article 85: Rejet du dsaveu
Iyo
ubwigarike
butemewe,
imikirize If the disowning is rejected, the judgment Si le dsaveu est rejet, il est fait mention du
yurubanza rubuhakana igaragazwa mu rejecting it shall be mentioned in the record of jugement de rejet dans le jugement de
rubanza rwiremezo, kandi uwaburegeye the main claim and the plaintiff may be laffaire principale et le demandeur peut tre
98

agashobora gucibwa indishyi zakababaro condemned to pay appropriate damages to the condamn, envers le dsavou et les autres
zikwiye zo guha uwo yigaritse nabandi disowned person and to the other prejudiced parties lses, des dommages-intrts.
baburanyi yarenganyije.
parties.
Ingingo ya 86: Kutakira ubwigarike
Article 86: Refusing a disowning
Article 86: Irrcevabilit du dsaveu
Kwigarika gukozwe ku rubanza rutagishobora If the disowning is instituted after a final Le dsaveu form contre une dcision passe
gusubirwaho ntikwakirwa.
judgment, it shall not be admitted.
en force de chose juge nest pas recevable.
Akiciro ka 3: Inzitizi yerekeye ingwate Sub-section 3: Objection regarding Sous-section 3: Exception de caution
itangwa nabanyamahanga
security deposits furnished by foreigners
fournir par les trangers
Ingingo
ya
87:
nabanyamahanga
Ingwate
itangwa Article 87: Security deposits furnished by Article 87: Caution fournir par les
foreigners
trangers
Usibye igihe baregera ibyabo bavukijwe kandi

babifitiye ibimenyetso, abanyamahanga bose,
uretse abo mu bihugu byUmuryango
wAfurika yIburasirazuba, bareze bwa mbere
cyangwa bagobotse mu rubanza, bisabwe
nuregwa, mbere yiyindi nzitizi mu rubanza,
bagomba gutanga amafaranga yingwate
ashobora kuvamo amagarama nindishyi
zakababaro bashobora gucibwa, uretse igihe
haba
hariho
amasezerano
ibihugu
byamahanga byaba byaragiranye nu Rwanda
asonera abaturage babyo ingwate.
With exception of cases where they institute

claims related to their property and of which
they have evidence, all foreign nationals, with
the exception of East African Community
nationals, whether original plaintiffs or joined
to the proceedings, must, if the defendant so
requires, before other objections, deposit an
amount of security which is enough to satisfy
the costs and damages that might arise from
the case, unless there are agreements by
which foreign States entered with Rwanda
exempting their nationals from depositing
such a security.
Sauf lorsquils sont demandeurs en restitution

de leur d avec preuves suffisantes, tous les
trangers, lexception des ressortissants des
pays de la Communaut de lAfrique de lEst,
demandeurs principaux ou intervenants, sont
tenus, si le dfendeur le requiert avant toute
autre exception, de fournir au pralable une
certaine caution devant servir de payement
des frais et dommages-intrts rsultant du
procs, auxquels ils peuvent tre condamns
sous rserve des conventions par lesquelles
des Etats auraient stipul pour leurs
ressortissants la dispense de la caution
judicatum solvi.
Uregwa ashobora gusaba kandi ko ingwate The defendant may also request that the Le dfendeur peut requrir que la caution soit
itangwa bwa mbere mu rwego rwubujurire.
security be paid for the first time on appeal.
fournie, mme pour la premire fois en appel.
99

Ingingo ya 88: Urubanza rwerekeye ingwate Article 88: Judgement on the payment of Article 88: Dcision sur la caution
security deposit
Urubanza rutegetse ingwate ruvuga uburyo The judgement ordering the payment of the La dcision qui ordonne la caution en fixe la
itangwamo n agaciro kayo.
security shall fixe the manner in which it has forme et le montant jusqu concurrence
to be paid as well as its amount.
duquel elle est fournie.
Urega w umunyamahanga asonerwa gutanga
ingwate iyo yerekanye umutungo utimukanwa
afite mu Rwanda ushobora kuvamo ingwate
isabwa.
A foreign plaintiff shall be exempted from

depositing the required security if he/she
proves that he/she owns an immovable
property in Rwanda which covers the required
security.
Le demandeur tranger est dispens de fournir

la caution demande sil justifie que ses
immeubles situs au Rwanda sont suffisants
pour la couvrir.
Akiciro ka 4: Inzitizi yiburabubasha, Sub-section 4: Objection of lack of Sous-section 4: Exception dincomptence,

iyuburegeke, iyisobekerana ryimanza jurisdiction, lis pendens, connexity and de litispendance, de connexit et dilatoire
nizitinza urubanza
dilatory
Ingingo ya 89: Inzitizi yiburabubasha
Article 89: Objection of lack of jurisdiction
Article 89: Exception dincomptente
Umuburanyi ubyukije inzitizi yiburabubasha The party raising an objection of lack of

agomba kuyisobanura no kugaragaza urukiko jurisdiction shall justify it and identify the
avuga ko rufite ububasha bwo kumuburanisha. court to which he/she wants the case be
transferred.
La
partie
qui
soulve
lexception
dincomptente doit la justifier et indiquer la
juridiction devant laquelle elle demande que
laffaire soit renvoye.
Icyemezo gifatwa uwo mwanya.
Il doit tre statu sur cette exception sans

dlai.
Ingingo ya 90:
cyiburabubasha
Kujuririra
The decision shall be taken immediately.
icyemezo Article 90: Appeal against a decision of Article 90: Appel contre la dcision
lack of jurisdiction
dincomptence
Iyo umwe mu baburanyi atishimiye imikirize If one of the parties is not satisfied with the Si lune des parties entend sopposer la
yurukiko kuri icyo cyemezo cyiburabubasha courts decision due to lack of jurisdiction, dcision ayant prononc lincomptence, elle
100

agomba kukijuririra mu gihe cyiminsi itanu
(5). Urukiko rufata icyemezo kuri ubwo
bujurire mu minsi cumi nitanu (15) uhereye
ku munsi bwakoreweho.
the party must lodge an appeal against it

within five (5) days. The appellate court must
decide on the appeal within fifteen (15) days,
from the date on which the appeal was filed.
doit sous peine de forclusion, saisir la

juridiction dappel dans les cinq (5) jours.
Celle-ci statue dans un dlai de quinze (15)
jours compter de la saisine.
Iyo urukiko rwemeje ko rufite ububasha, If the court rules that it has jurisdiction, the Si la juridiction se dclare comptente, la
umuburanyi
utishimiye
icyo
cyemezo party that is not contented with the decision partie qui conteste cette dcision ne peut faire
akijuririra hamwe nurubanza rwiremezo.
appeals against it with the main suit.
appel quavec le jugement au fond.
Ingingo ya 91: Inzitizi yuburegeke, Article 91: Objection of lis pendens, Article 91: Exception de litispendance, de
iyisobekerana
ryimanza
nizitinza connexity and dilatory
connexit et dilatoire
urubanza
Iyo habyukijwe mu rubanza ko hariho ibirego
bibiri (2) ku kiburanwa kimwe mu nkiko
zitandukanye cyangwa ko hariho imanza
zifitanye isano hagati yazo imbere yinkiko
zitandukanye, cyangwa se iyo hariho inzitizi
yo gutinza urubanza, urukiko ruca urubanza
kuri izo nzitizi rukurikije ibivugwa mu ngingo
ya 78 yiri tegeko.
When there are two claims concerning the

same subject matter which are pending before
different courts, or when there are related
claims which are pending before different
courts, or an objection of dilatory, the court
shall decide on the objection in accordance
with the provisions of Article 78 of this Law.
Akiciro ka 5: Inzitizi zitesha agaciro Sub-section 5: Objections of nullity

inyandiko
Lorsquil est soulev une exception de la

prsence, devant diffrentes juridictions, de
deux demandes ayant le mme objet, ou que
la contestation est connexe une cause dj
pendante devant des juridictions diffrentes,
ou alors une exception dilatoire, il est statu
sur cette exception conformment larticle
78 de la prsente loi.
Sous-section 5: Exception de nullit
Ingingo ya 92: Igihe inyandiko ishobora Article 92: Act becoming void due to Article 92: Cas dans lesquels un acte de
guta agaciro kubera inenge yimyandikire
irregularities in the form
procdure peut tre dclar nul pour vice
de forme
Nta nyandiko ishobora gufatwa nkaho nta No procedural act shall be considered void Aucun acte de procdure ne peut tre dclar
gaciro ifite kubera inenge yimyandikire because of an irregularity in the form except nul pour vice de forme sauf dans les cas cikeretse mu bihe bikurikira:
in the following circumstances :
aprs :
101

1. iyo biteganyijwe
budashidikanywa;
nitegeko
ku
buryo
1. if undoubtedly the voidance is provided

for by Law;
1. si la nullit est expressment prvue par

la loi;
cyangwa
2. if there is any serious formality or of

public order that is not respected;
2. en cas dinobservation dùne formalit

substantielle ou dòrdre public;
3. iyo umuburanyi ubisaba agaragaje icyo

bimwangiriza.
3. if the party requesting for it indicates the

loss he/ she may incur.
3. si la partie qui linvoque prouve le grief

qui en rsulte.
2. iyo hari umuhango simusiga

windemyagihugu utubahirijwe;
Ingingo
ya
yimyandikire
93:
Gukosora
inenge Article 93: Correcting irregularity in form
Ukutagira agaciro kwinyandiko yurukiko

kubera inenge yimyandikire bikurwaho no
kubikosora nyuma iyo hari icyo bikimaze
kandi kubikosora bikaba ntacyo byangije.
Procedural acts nullified due to irregularity in

form shall regain validity upon corrections as
long as corrections do not have any impact on
the subject matter.
Article 93: Rgularisation ultrieure de

làcte de procdure pour vice de forme
La nullit des actes de procdure pour vice de
forme est couverte par la rgularisation
ultrieure de làcte si aucune forclusion nèst
intervenue et si la rgularisation ne laisse
subsister aucun grief.
Ingingo ya 94: Igihe inenge y imyandikire Article 94: Time for raising an objection Article 94: Moment o la nullit dun acte
ishobora kubyutswa
related to irregularity in form
de procedure pour vice de forme peut tre
invoque
Ukutagira agaciro byinyandiko yurukiko
kubera inenge yimyandikire bishobora
kubyutswa igihe cyose inkurikizi ziyo
nyandiko zikiriho; ariko bikurwaho iyo
ubibyutsa nyuma yaho yireguye mu rubanza
nyirabayazana cyangwa akabyutsa inzitizi
ituma ikirego kitakirwa ntacyo avuze ku
iburagaciro ryinyandiko.
Nullity of procedural acts due to irregularity

in form may be raised at any time as long as
effects related to such acts still exist, but may
be disrespected after the defence is presented
on merits or a request for inadmissibility of
the claim is made without any comment on
the nullity of the acts.
102
La nullit des actes de procdure peut tre

invoque tout moment lorsque les effets de
ces actes subsistent, mais elle est couverte si
celui qui lìnvoque a, postrieurement làcte
critiqu, fait valoir des dfenses au fond ou
oppose une fin de non-recevoir sans soulever
la nullit.

Ingingo ya 95: Inenge iri mu nyandiko Article 95: Objection to the validity of a Article 95: Nullit dun acte de procdure
yurukiko yatewe nuyikemanga
procedural act based on the partys fault
tire de la faute de celui qui soulve
lexception
Ntawe ushobora gusaba gutesha agaciro A person shall not object to the validity of a Nul ne peut invoquer la nullit dun acte de
inyandiko yurukiko kubera inenge ifite yateje procedural act based on his/her own fault.
procdure tire de sa propre faute.
we ubwe.
Ingingo ya 96: Inenge iri mu masezerano Article 96: Objection to the validity of an Article 96: Nullit dune convention dj
yarangijwe kubahirizwa
executed convention
excute
Ntawe ushobora gusaba gutesha agaciro A person who executes a convention knowing Aucune nullit ne peut tre oppose par celui
amasezerano kubera inenge afite kandi that is has irregularity shall not object to its qui a excut de sa part la convention sachant
yarayirenzeho akayubahiriza.
validity.
quelle est entache de vice.
Ingingo ya 97: Igihe inenge yiremezo Article 97: Time for making an objection Article 97: Moment o la nullit pour vice
yinyandiko ishobora kubyutswa
for the non-observance of basic rules
de fond dun acte de procdure peut tre
invoque
Inzitizi zishingiye ku nenge ziremezo
zerekeye inyandiko zo mu rukiko zishobora
kubyutswa aho urubanza rwaba rugeze hose,
bitabujije ubushobozi bwurukiko bwo guca
indishyi
zakababaro
ababa
baranze
kuzigaragaza kare, hagamijwe gutinza
urubanza.
Objections arising from non-observance of

basic rules regarding the procedural acts shall
be accepted and may be raised at any point
during the proceedings, without prejudice to
the possibility of damages that may be
imposed by the court on persons who abstain
from raising them earlier in order to delay the
case.
Les exceptions de nullit fondes sur

lìnobservation des rgles de fond relatives
aux actes de procdure peuvent tre souleves
en tout tat de cause, sans prejudice de la
possibilit pour le juge de condamner des
dommages-intrts ceux qui se seraient
abstenus, dans une intention dilatoire, de les
soulever plus tt.
Zigomba kubyutswa nurukiko rubyibwirije They must be raised by the court on its own Elles doivent tre souleves doffice par la
iyo ari izindemyagihugu.
motion when they hold the character of public juridiction lorsquelles ont un caractre
order.
dordre public.
103

Ingingo ya 98: Kutaba ngombwa Article 98: Non obligation to justify a Article 98: Non obligation de justifier un
kugaragaza icyo inenge yangirije kugira complaint for admissibility of an exception grief pour que lexception de nullit pour
ngo inzitizi ishingiye ku nenge yiremezo of nullity for non-observance of basic rules vice de fond soit dclare recevable
yakirwe
Inzitizi zishingiye ku nenge ziremezo
zerekeye inyandiko zo mu rukiko zigomba
kwakirwa uzibyutsa atiriwe asobanura icyo
zimwangiriza niyo kutagira agaciro bitaba
biteganywa
namategeko
ku
buryo
budashidikanywa.
Objections relating to non-observance of

basic rules regarding the procedural acts shall
be accepted without the person raising them
having to prove the prejudice they caused,
even if nullity has not been expressly
Akiciro ka 6: Inzitizi ijyanye no kwihana Sub

section
6:
Objection
abacamanza
disqualification of judges
Les exceptions de nullit fondes sur

linobservation des rgles de fond relatives
aux actes de procdure doivent tre
recevables sans que celui qui les invoque ait
justifier dun grief et alors mme que la
nullit ne rsulterait daucune disposition
lgale expresse.
for Sous section 6: Exception relative la

rcusation des juges
Ingingo ya 99: Impamvu zo kwihana Article 99: Reasons to disqualify a judge

umucamanza
Article 99: Motifs de rcusation du juge
Umucamanza wese bashobora kumwihana iyo:
Tout juge peut tre rcus si :
Any judge may be disqualified if :
1 ubwe cyangwa uwo bashakanye nabana

babo, bafite inyungu bwite mu rubanza;
1 the judge, his/her spouse and their

children have an interest in the case;
1 lui-mme, son conjoint ou leurs

enfants ont un intrt personnel dans
laffaire ;
2 ubwe, cyangwa uwo bashakanye

afitanye isano yamaraso cyangwa yo
gushyingiranwa ku buryo butaziguye
cyangwa afitanye isano ku buryo
buziguye kugeza ku gisanira cya kane
numwe mu bagize inteko yurukiko,
numwe mu baburanyi, numwunganira
2 the judge or the judges spouse is

directly related by blood or
marriage, or indirectly related up to
the fourth degree of the collateral
lineage with one of the members of
the court bench, one of the parties,
his/her counsel or representative;
2 lui-mme ou son conjoint est parent

ou alli en ligne directe ou en ligne
collatrale jusquau quatrime degr,
dun des membres du sige, de lune
des parties, de son conseil ou de son
mandataire;
104

cyangwa umuhagarariye;
3 umwe mu baburanyi agaragaje ishingiro
ryurwango afitanye numucamanza;
3 one of the parties demonstrates basis

of enmity between him/her and the
judge;
3 il existe une inimiti entre le juge et

lune des parties;
4 umucamanza yagaragaje ubucuti afitiye

umwe mu baburanyi cyangwa kuva aho
urubanza
rutangiriye,
yarigeze
kwakirwa numwe mu baburanyi ku
mafaranga ye, cyangwa yaremeye
impano ahawe numuburanyi;
4 if the judge has demonstrated

friendship to one of the parties or if,
since the case began, he/she has
been entertained by one of the
parties at the partys own cost or
has ever accepted presents from the
party;
4 le juge a manifest son amiti

lgard de lune des parties, ou si,
depuis le commencement du procs il
a t reu par lune des parties, aux
frais de celle-ci, ou agr delle des
prsents;
5 yigeze kugira icyo avuga cyangwa

agatanga inama kuri urwo rubanza
mbere yuko ruburanishwa;
5 he/she has already given an opinion

or advice on the case before it came
for trial;
5 il a dj donn un avis ou un conseil

propos du diffrend;
6 umucamanza afitanye cyangwa yigeze

kugirana numwe mu baburanyi
amasezerano yumurimo;
6 the judge and one of the parties

have or have ever had a relationship
due to contract of employment;
6 le juge et lune des parties sont ou ont

t lis par un contrat de travail,
7 yigeze
kuba
mu
rubanza
ari
umucamanza,
umwunzi,
umushinjacyaha,
umugenzacyaha,
umuburanyi,
umutangabuhamya,
umuhuza,
umusemuzi,
inzobere
cyangwa umukozi wo mu butegetsi
bwa Leta;
7 he/she has already intervened in the

case as a judge,
mediator,
prosecutor, judicial police officer,
party, witness, arbitrator, interpreter,
expert or public servant;
7 il est dj intervenu dans laffaire

comme juge, conciliateur, officier de
lOrgane National de Poursuite,
Officier de Police Judiciaire, partie,
mandataire, tmoin, arbitre, interprte,
expert ou agent de ladministration
publique ;
8 habayeho urubanza rwishinjabyaha

cyangwa rwimbonezamubano, hagati
8 il y a eu un jugement rpressif ou
civil, entre le juge ou son conjoint, ses
there has been a criminal or civil

case between the judge and his/her
105

yumucamanza
cyangwa
uwo
bashakanye, abafitanye numucamanza
isano ishingiye ku maraso cyangwa ku
gushyingirwa ku buryo butaziguye
cyangwa ku buryo buziguye kugeza ku
gisanira cya kane numwe mu
baburana, uwo bashakanye cyangwa
abo bafitanye isano ishingiye ku
maraso cyangwa ku gushyingirwa ku
buryo butaziguye cyangwa ku buryo
buziguye kugeza ku gisanira cya kane.
spouse, direct blood or marital

relative or an indirect relative up to
the fourth degree of the collateral
lineage and one of the parties, his/
her spouse or a person related to
him/her on basis of blood or
marriage directly or indirectly up to
fourth degree of colateral lineage.
parents ou allis en ligne directe ou

en ligne collatrale jusquau quatrime
degr et lune des parties, son conjoint
ou ses parents ou allis de sang ou par
mariage en ligne directe ou en ligne
collatrale jusquau quatrime degr.
Article 100: Kwivana mu rubanza ku Article 100: Voluntary withdrawal from a Article 100: Dport volontaire
bushake
case
Iyo umucamanza asanze hari imwe cyangwa
nyinshi mu mpamvu zavuzwe mu ngingo ya 99
yiri tegeko imureba, ashobora kwivana mu
rubanza abimenyesheje Perezida wUrukiko
mu nyandiko. Izindi mpamvu zitari izi azigena
akurikije ubushishozi bwe.
When a judge finds him/her in one or several

of the cases mentioned in Article 99 of this
Law, he /she may withdraw from the case by
writing a letter to the President of the court.
Other cases which have not been mentioned
will be assessed by the discretion of the judge.
Lorsquun juge se trouve dans lun ou

plusieurs des cas numrs larticle 99 de la
prsente
loi, il
peut
se dporter
volontairement en adressant une lettre au
Prsident de la juridiction. Pour tous autres
cas, il apprciera discrtionnairement.
Ingingo ya 101: Ububasha bwo gufata Article 101: Powers to take temporary Article 101: Pouvoir de prendre des
ibyemezo byagateganyo iyo hatanzwe decision on disqualification
mesures conservatoires en cas de
ikirego cyubwihane
rcusation
Iyo ikirego cyo kwihana umucamanza If an application for disqualification of a
gitanzwe, urukiko rushobora gufata ibyemezo judge is made, a court may take measures that
rubona ko ari ngombwa kugira ngo inyungu protect the interests of parties.
zababuranyi zitabangamirwa.
106
Lorsque lexception de rcusation dun juge

est souleve, la juridiction peut prendre des
mesures conservatoires pour la sauvegarde
des intrts des parties.

Ingingo ya 102: Uburyo bwo kuregera Article 102: Procedure to apply for Article 102: Procdure de rcusation
ubwihane
disqualification
Ushaka kwihana umucamanza, aho urubanza
rwaba rugeze hose, avuga impamvu ituma
amwihana mu iburanisha, bikandikwa kandi
agashyikiriza mu biro byurukiko uwo
mucamanza akoramo inyandiko itanga
ibisobanuro byuko kwihana; akabiherwa
icyemezo ko byakiriwe.
A person who wants to disqualify a judge at

any stage of the proceedings shall raise it in
the course of the hearing, it shall be recorded
in the register of the court to which the judge
belongs and the party shall get an
acknowledgement of receipt.
A tout tat de la procdure, celui qui veut

rcuser un juge doit le soulever en cours
daudience, et soumet une dclaration
motive et acte au greffe de la juridiction
dont le juge rcus fait partie. Il lui en est
donn un accus de rception.
Mu masaha makumyabiri nane (24), The court registrar shall give the President of Le greffier remet une expdition au Prsident
umwanditsi wurukiko amaze gushyikirizwa the court a copy of disqualification request de la juridiction dans les vingt-quatre (24)
ubwo bwihane, aha Perezida wurwo rukiko within twenty- four (24) hours of receipt.
heures du dpt de la dclaration.
kopi yabwo.
Mu gihe umwanditsi wurukiko atabonetse,
ubwihane busabishwa inyandiko ihabwa
Perezida wurukiko na we agatanga icyemezo
cyuko ayibonye.
If the court registrar is unavailable, the

application shall be made in writing and
submitted to the President of the court who in
turn shall issue an acknowledgement of
receipt.
Dans le cas o le greffier est empch, la

rcusation est faite par un crit remis au
Prsident de la juridiction contre accus de
rception.
Perezida wurukiko akimara kubona inyandiko The President of the court immediately
yubwo bwihane, aba ahagaritse ica ryurwo suspends judgement and proceedings related
rubanza nindi mirimo yose irwerekeye.
to the case upon receipt of the request of
disqualification.
Tous actes de procdure relatifs cette affaire

sont suspendus ds la rception de la
dclaration de rcusation par le Prsident de
la juridiction.
Ingingo ya 103: Isuzuma

ryubwihane bwumucamanza
Article 103: Examen de ladmissibilit de la

demande en rcusation dun juge
ryiyakira Article 103: Examining the admissibility of

an application for disqualification of a
judge
Urukiko umucamanza wihanwe arimo, The court to which the disqualied judge
rusuzuma ako kanya niba ubwo bwihane belongs shall immediately examine the
107
La juridiction laquelle appartient le juge en

cause
statue
immdiatement
sur

bushobora kwakirwa.
admissibility of the application.
ladmissibilit de la demande en rcusation.
Iyo rusanze ubwo bwihane budashobora If the application for disqualification is Si la demande en rcusation est dclare non
kwakirwa, urubanza rurakomeza.
rejected, proceedings shall continue.
admissible, la procdure en cours est
poursuivie.
Iyo rusanze ubwo bwihane bushobora When an application for disqualification is Si la demande est dclare admissible,
kwakirwa, Perezida wurukiko yoherereza admissible, the President of the court shall lexpdition de lacte de rcusation est remise
bidatinze
umucamanza
wihanwe
kopi send, as soon as possible, a copy of the sans dlai par le Prsident de la juridiction au
yinyandiko yubwo bwihane akagira icyo application to the concerned judge so that juge rcus qui doit, dans un dlai de
abuvugaho, mu nyandiko, mu gihe kitarenze he/she shall give his/ her comments in writing quarante-huit (48) heures, prsenter par crit
amasaha mirongo ine numunani (48).
in a period not exceeding fourty- eight hours les moyens de dfense sa rcusation.
(48).
Umucamanza wihanwe ntashobora gusuzuma The disqualified judge shall not examine the Le juge rcus ne peut statuer sur cette
ikirego cyubwo bwihane yakorewe.
admissibility of the application.
demande en rcusation.
Ingingo ya 104: Icibwa ryurubanza ku Article 104: Ruling on the application for Article 104: Jugement sur la demande en
kirego cyubwihane bwumucamanza
disqualifying a judge
rcusation dun juge
Mu minsi umunani (8) ikurikira inyandiko
yumucamanza wihanwe, urukiko ruca
urubanza rwerekeye ubwo bwihane mu nama
yabacamanza.
The court makes a ruling on the application in Dans les huit (8) jours de la dclaration du
chambers meeting within eight (8) days of juge rcus, la juridiction statue en chambre
receipt of a written reaction from the du conseil sur la demande en rcusation.
disqualified judge.
Iyo umucamanza wihanwe yemeye impamvu

zubwihane, cyangwa izo impamvu basanze ari
zo, urukiko rwemeza ko uwo mucamanza ava
mu rubanza.
When the disqualified judge accepts the Si le juge rcus convient des motifs de sa
grounds for disqualification, or if the court rcusation ou si ces motifs sont prouvs, il est
finds reasons genuine, the court shall order ordonn que le juge se retire de laffaire.
that the judge withdraws from the
proceedings.
108

Ingingo ya 105: Ubujurire bwicyemezo Article 105: Appeal against a judgement on Article 105: Appel de la dcision sur la
gifashwe ku bwihane bwumucamanza
disqualification of a judge
rcusation dun juge
Imanza zemeza ko ubwihane budashobora Judgements declaring inadmissible or
kwakirwa cyangwa ko budafite ishingiro rejecting applications disqualifying a judge
zijuririrwa hamwe nurubanza rwibanze.
shall be appealed against jointly with
judgements on merits.
Les dcisions dclarant la demande en

rcusation non admissible ou rejetant la
rcusation
sont
susceptibles
dappel
conjointement avec la dcision sur le fond.
Akiciro ka 7: Inzitizi zijyanye no kwagura Sub section 7: Objections relating to Sous section 7: Exceptions relatives
urubanza
extension of a case
llargissement dinstance
Ingingo ya 106: Ikirego kiregera kwiregura
Article 106: A counterclaim
Article 106: Demande reconventionnelle
Ikirego kiregera kwiregura ni igitangwa A counterclaim is any claim filed by the La demande reconventionnelle est toute
nuregwa agamije gusaba ko urega agira ibyo defendant, seeking judgement against the condamnation sollicite charge du
acibwa.
plaintiff.
demandeur par le dfendeur.
Ingingo ya 107: Igihe ibirego biregera Article 107: Period for filing counterclaims
kwiregura bitangirwa
Article 107: Moment dintroduire des

demandes reconventionnelles
Ibirego bigamije kwiregura bivugirwa mu Counterclaims shall be raised in court at any

rubanza igihe cyose iburanisha riba stage before proceedings end, without having
ritararangira bitagombye gutangirwa indi to pay additional court fees.
ngwate yamagarama.
Les demandes reconventionnelles sont

formes par simples conclusions sans
consignation dautres frais de justice
nimporte quelle tape de la procdure et
avant la clture des dbats.
Byakirwa gusa iyo urukiko rwaregewe rufite They shall be admissible only if they are Elles ne sont recevables que si, tant de la
ububasha bwo kubiburanisha bigakubitiraho within the jurisdiction of the court to which comptence de la juridiction saisie de la
ko:
the main suit is referred and if:
demande principale :
1. bigamije kwiregura kuregwa ku kirego
cyiremezo cyangwa ibifitanye isano nacyo;
1. they constitute a defence to the main suit

or those that are related to it;
109
1. elles servent de dfense la demande

principale ou lui sont connexes;

2. bigamije kwaka indishyi ku makosa
yakozwe mu rubanza;
2. they are intended to claim for damages

for abuse of process in the case;
2. elles tendent rclamer des dommagesintrts pour abus de procdure;
3. bigamije guhwanya imyenda kugira ngo

ababuranyi babe bishyuranye.
3. they seek compensation between the

parties.
3. elles ont pour rsultat la compensation

judiciaire.
Ingingo ya 108: Guca urubanza rumwe ku Article 108: Single judgement on the main Article 108: Jugement unique sur la
kirego cyiremezo nikigamije kwiregura
claim and the counterclaim
demande principale et la demande
reconventionnelle
Urukiko rwaregewe ruca urubanza rumwe ku The court the matter is referred to decides the La juridiction saisie statue par un seul et
kirego cyiremezo no ku kirego kigamije main suit and the counterclaim in the same mme jugement sur la demande principale et
kwiregura.
judgment.
sur la demande reconventionnelle.
Icyakora, iyo ikirego kigamije kwiregura
gishobora
gutinza
icibwa
ryurubanza
rwiremezo, urukiko rushobora gutandukanya
ibirego rugaca urubanza rwiremezo, nyuma
yaho rukabona guca urujyanye no kwiregura
mu rubanza rwihariye mu gihe kitarenze iminsi
cumi nitanu (15).
Ikirego kigamije kwiregura
gukurikiranwa
iyo
ikirego
kitakiriho.
However, if the nature of the counterclaim is

such that it will delay the judgment of the
main suit the court the matter is referred to
may first decide on the main suit and later on
the counterclaim in a separate judgment in a
period not exceeding fifteen (15) days.
Cependant, si la demande reconventionnelle

est de nature retarder la dcision sur la
demande principale, la juridiction saisie peut
statuer sur la demande principale, puis, par
une dcision distincte statuer sur la demande
reconventionnelle endans quinze (15) jours.
ntigishobora A counterclaim shall not be admissible if the La demande reconventionnelle ne peut

cyiremezo main claim no longer exists.
subsister si la demande principale nest plus.
Ingingo ya 109: Ibirego byinyongera ku Article 109: Claims arising from the Article 109: Demandes additionnelles la
birego byiremezo
original complaint
demande principale
Ibirego byinyongera ni ibishamikira ku birego Additional claims are those, which arise from Les demandes additionnelles sont celles qui
byiremezo bigamije gusaba inyongera ku the original complaint which complete it or constituent le prolongement immdiat de la
byasabwe mbere mu itangwa ryikirego extend it to take into account facts that arose demande introductive dinstance, qui la
110

bicyuzuza cyangwa bicyongera bitewe ahanini after the filing of the complaint of which the compltent par une rclamation accessoire ou
nibyavutse mu iburanisha hagati bigomba court has to take a decision.
qui la font voluer pour tenir compte de faits
gufatwaho icyemezo nurukiko.
survenus en cours de procdure et sur
lesquelles la juridiction doit statuer.
Ingingo ya 110: Itangwa ryibirego
byinyongera
Article 110: Filing for the additional claims
Article 110: Introduction des demandes

additionnelles
Ibirego byinyongera bitangirwa icyarimwe Additional claims shall be instituted Les demandes additionnelles sont formes
mu iburana bitagombye gutangirwa indi cumulatively in the course of the proceedings, cumulativement par simples conclusions sans
ngwate yamagarama.
without having to pay additional court fees.
consignation dautres frais de justice.
Byakirwa gusa iyo urukiko rwaregewe ikirego
cyiremezo
rufite
ububasha
bwo
kubiburanisha, bigakubitiraho gushingira ku
mpamvu imwe, byaratewe nikintu kimwe
kandi bikaburanishwa ingingo zimwe.
They shall be admissible only if they are

within the jurisdiction of the court deciding
the main suit and if they are based on the
same cause, originating from the same facts,
and rely on the same grounds.
Elles ne sont recevables que si, tant de

comptence de la juridiction saisie de
demande principale, elles procdent de
mme cause, ont pour origine le mme fait
reposent sur les mmes moyens.
la
la
la
et
Ingingo ya 111: Uburyo bwo kuburanisha Article 111: Hearing on the main suit and Article 111: Jugement sur la demande
ikirego cyibanze nibirego byinyongera
the additional claims
principale et les demandes additionnelles
Urukiko rwaregewe ibirego byinyongera
rushobora kubitandukanya nikirego cyibanze
cyangwa kubifatanya rukabikiranurira mu
rubanza rumwe.
The court seized with the additional claims

may either decide them separately, or join
them to the main suit and make a single
judgment.
La juridiction saisie peut souverainement

statuer sparment sur les demandes
additionnelles ou les joindre la demande
principale pour statuer sur le fond par une
seule et mme dcision.
Icyakora, iyo ibirego byinyongera bishobora

gutinza icibwa ryurubanza rwibanze urukiko
rushobora gutandukanya ibirego rugaca
urubanza rwiremezo, nyuma yaho rukabona
guca urujyanye nibirego byinyongera mu
However, the court may separate additional

claims from the main suit if, they are likely to
delay the resolution of the main suit, decide
on the main suit and there after decide on the
additional claims in a separate judgements in
Toutefois, si les demandes additionnelles sont

de nature retarder la solution de la demande
principale, la juridiction saisie peut disjoindre
les demandes et statuer sur la demande
principale, puis par une dcision distincte,
111

rubanza rwihariye mu gihe kitarenze iminsi a period not exceeding fifteen (15) days.
cumi nitanu (15).
statuer sur les demandes

endans quinze (15) jours.
additionnelles
Ikirego cyinyongera ntigishobora ariko However, the additional claim shall not be Une demande additionnelle ne peut cependant
gukurikiranwa
iyo
ikirego
cyiremezo admissible if the main claim no longer exists. subsister si la demande principale nest plus.
kitakiriho.
kugoboka mu rubanza
bwo Article 112: Right to intervene in a case
Umuntu wese afite uburenganzira bwo

kugoboka mu rubanza ataregeye cyangwa
atarezwemo, mu nkiko zose nigihe cyose, iyo
urwo rubanza rushobora kugira icyo
rumurenganyaho. Ashobora kugoboka ku
bushake bwe cyangwa abihatiwe.
Any person has the right to intervene in a case

at all court stages and at any time, if it is
likely to affect his/her interests. He/she may
intervene voluntarily or be forced to do so.
Article 112: Droit dintervenir dans un

procs
Toute personne a le droit dintervenir, tous
les degrs de juridiction, dans toute affaire qui
risque de compromettre ses intrts. Elle peut
intervenir volontairement ou par voie force.
Ingingo ya 113: Kugoboka ku bushake mu Article 113: Voluntary intervention in a Article 113: Intervention volontaire dans
rubanza
case
un procs
Kugoboka ku bushake ni igihe umuntu, ku
bushake bwe, yinjiye mu rubanza atareze
cyangwa atarezwemo, kugira ngo yemeze ko
ikiburanwa ari icye cyangwa kugira ngo yizere
ko uburenganzira bwe budahungabanywa
nicyemezo cyurukiko.
Voluntary intervention is done when a person,

on his or her own volition, intervenes in a
case where he or she is neither a plaintif nor a
defendant in order to have it declared that the
claim of the litigation belongs to him or her or
to make sure that his or her interests are not
compromised by the courts decision.
112
Lintervention volontaire est le fait pour une

personne qui, de son propre mouvement, se
mle une instance quelle na pas introduite
ou qui nest pas dirige contre elle, soit pour
faire dclarer que le droit litigieux lui
appartient, soit pour sassurer la conservation
de ses droits qui pourraient tre compromis
par la dcision du juge.

Ingingo ya 114: Kugaragaza
yemewe namategeko
inyungu Article 114: Proving legitimate interest
Kugira ngo ikirego cye cyakirwe, ugoboka

agomba
kugaragaza
inyungu
yemewe
namategeko, itaziguye kandi ye bwite yaba
ishingiye ku mutungo we cyangwa ku
mutimanama.
Article 114 : Justification dun intrt

lgitime
In order for his/her claim to be admitted, the Pour tre recevable, lintervenant doit justifier
intervening party must prove legitimate dun intrt lgitime direct et personnel,
interest, his/her direct personal material or matriel ou moral.
moral interest.
Ingingo ya 115: Uburyo bwo kugoboka ku Article 115: Modalities

bushake mu rubanza
intervention in a case
of
voluntary Article 115: Modalits

volontaire dans un procs
dintervention
Ushaka kuburana mu rubanza ataregeye kandi Application for voluntary intervention shall La demande en intervention volontaire est
atarezwemo, abikora mu buryo bwo kuregera be made by formally instituting a claim and forme par acte introductif dinstance
inkiko kandi agatanga ingwate yamagarama.
by payment of court fees.
moyennant consignation des frais de justice.
Ingingo ya 116: Guhatirwa kugoboka mu Article 116: Forced intervention in a case
rubanza
Article 116: Intervention force dans un

procs
Guhatirwa kugoboka ni uburenganzira Forced intervention is the right of the parties Lintervention force est le droit pour les
bwababuranyi bwo kuzana mu rubanza to call on a person not a party to the case.
parties un procs dappeler la cause une
umuntu utarurezwemo.
personne qui ne figure pas linstance.
Ingingo ya 117: Abantu bashobora Article 117: Persons who may be forced to Article 117: Personnes pouvant faire objet
guhatirwa kugoboka mu rubanza
intervene in a case
dintervention force dans un procs
Guhatirwa kugoboka mu rubanza bikorwa ku
muntu wese utaburana urubanza akaba
ategereje ko rucibwa ngo arutambamire kandi
hari umuburanyi ushaka kumufatanya nuwo
baburana ngo abatsindire mu rubanza rumwe.
Forced interventions may be instituted by any

interested party against all persons who are
third parties to a case against which they can
sue by a third party opposition in order to
challenge them in one case.
113
Les demandes en intervention force peuvent

tre formes lencontre de toute personne
qui aurait qualit pour former tierce
opposition et contre laquelle une partie entend
voir dclarer commune la
dcision
intervenir.

Ingingo ya 118: Igihe kugoboka ku gahato Article 118:
bidashobora gukorwa
intervention
Impossibility
of
forced Article 118: Cas o lintervention force ne

peut tre exerce
Kugoboka bigamije gusaba ko uhatiwe Forced intervention that could result in a Lintervention tendant obtenir une
kugoboka agira ibyo acibwa ntibishobora sentencing judgment may not be made for the condamnation dune partie ayant t force
gukorwa bwa mbere mu rwego rw ubujurire.
first time in appeal.
intervenir ne peut sexercer pour la premire
fois en degr dappel.
Ingingo ya 119: Ibisabwa kugira ngo ibirego Article 119: Requirements for the Article 119: Conditions de recevabilit des
byingoboka ku bushake cyangwa ku admissibility of voluntary or forced demandes en intervention force ou
gahato byakirwe
intervention
volontaire
Ibirego byingoboka ku bushake cyangwa ku Forced or voluntary interventions shall be Les demandes en intervention force ou
gahato mu manza zabandi byakirwa gusa iyo: admissible only if:
volontaire ne sont recevables que si:
1. bisobekeranye nikirego cy iremezo;
1. they are interconnected with the original

claim;
1. elles sont connexes la demande

originaire ;
2. urukiko rwaregewe ikirego cy iremezo

rufite ububasha bwo kuburanisha nibyo
byingoboka.
2. their scope is within the jurisdiction of

the court seized with the original claim.
2. elles sont de la comptence de la

juridiction saisie de la demande originaire.
Ingingo ya 120: Igihe kugoboka mu rubanza Article 120: Impossibility of intervention to Article 120: Cas o lintervention ne peut
bitabuza icibwa ryurubanza rwiremezo
delay the hearing of the main claim
retarder le jugement de la demande
originaire
Kugoboka ku gahato cyangwa ku bushake mu
rubanza
umuntu
ataburanye
ntibibuza
urubanza rw iremezo gucibwa iyo rugeze
igihe cyo gucibwa, kereka iyo gutandukanya
urwo rwa mbere nurwo rurushamikiyeho
bishobora kugira icyo byakwangiriza uwo
A forced or voluntary intervention by a third

party to a case shall not delay judgment of the
main suit, unless separation of the case from
its related intervention compromises the
interests of the intervener in an irreparable
manner.
114
Lintervention force ou volonataire ne peut

retarder la dcision de la demande originaire
en tat que si la disjonction de la dcision sur
la demande en intervention et de la dcision
sur la demande originaire risque de
compromettre les intrts de lintervenant

dune manire irrparable.
muburanyi mushya ku buryo budashobora

gusubirwaho.
Ingingo ya 121: Guhamagaza mu rubanza Article 121: Summoning the warrantor in Article 121: Mise en cause du garant
umwishingizi
the case
Iyo umunsi ababuranyi bitabyeho bwa mbere,
umuburanyi asabye ko uwishingiye ko
amasezerano
urubanza
rushingiyeho
yubahirizwa ahamagarwa mu rubanza,
umucamanza atanga igihe cyo guhamagaza
uwishingiye kitarenze iminsi umunani (8).
Urwandiko
ruhamagara
uwishingiye
rwandikwa
kandi
rutangwa
bikurikije
amategeko asanzwe.
If on the day of the first appearance before the

court, a party requests that the warrantor be
summoned, the judge shall grant to the
warrantor a period not exceeding eight (8)
days. The summons for the warrantor shall be
drafted and served in accordance with the
ordinary procedure.
Si, au jour de la premire comparution, une

partie demande mettre le garant en cause, le
juge accorde un dlai dassignation de huit (8)
jours au moins. Lassignation donne au
garant est libelle et signifie suivant la
procdure ordinaire.
Iyo gutumiza mu rubanza uwishingiye

bitasabwe mu iburanisha rya mbere cyangwa
kumuhamagara bitakozwe mu gihe cyiminsi
umunani (8) cyangwa iyo uwishingiye abuze,
urubanza rwaregewe mbere ruherako rucibwa,
hanyuma
ikirego
cyubwishingizi
kikazakemurwa ukwacyo.
If the application to bring in the warrantor

was not made on the first appearance or if the
summons were not made within eight (8)
days, or if the warrantor does not appear, the
court shall proceed with adjudication of the
original suit without delay, and a suit
regarding warranty shall be settled separately.
Si la mise en cause du garant na pas t

demande la premire comparution ou si
lassignation na pas t faite dans le dlai de
huit (8) jours ou si le garant fait dfaut, il est
procd sans dlai au jugement de laction
principale, pour ensuite statuer sparment
sur la demande en garantie.
Ingingo ya 122: Kuburanisha

cyiremezo nicy ubwishingizi
ikirego Article 122: Hearing on the main suit and Article 122 : Jugement sur la demande
the guaranty
originaire et sur la demande en garantie
Iyo ikirego cyiremezo nicyubwishingizi

bishobora
kuburanishwa
icyarimwe,
bikemurirwa mu rubanza rumwe. Iyo ibyo
bidashobotse, uwaregeye ikirego cyiremezo
ashobora gusaba ko icyo yaregeye cyonyine
If the main suit and the application for

guaranty can be adjudicated at the same time,
it shall be done jointly; otherwise the original
plaintiff may request for adjudication of
his/her case separately. The same judgement
115
Si la demande originaire et la demande en

garantie sont en tat dtre juges en mme
temps, elles sont juges conjointement.Dans
le cas ccontraire, le demandeur originaire peut
exiger que sa demande soit entendue

cyaburanishwa. Urwo rubanza rutandukanya
ibirego byombi niba byari byarafatanyijwe,
hanyuma urubanza rwiremezo rwamara
gucibwa, urwubwishingizi na rwo rukazabona
gucibwa mu gihe kitarenze iminsi cumi nitanu
(15).
shall pronounce the separation of the two

cases if they have been joined.After the
adjudication of the main suit, the case related
to guaranty also shall be adjudicated in period
not exceeding fifteen (15) days.
sparment. La mme dcision prononce la

disjonction, si les deux instances ont t
jointes et en meme temps elle statue sur la
demande originaire. La juridiction statue
sparment sur la demande en garantie
endans quinze (15) jours.
Uwishingiwe iyo atsinzwe umutsinze ashobora

kwishyuza
uwamwishingiye
amafaranga
avugwa mu rubanza, keretse iyo atarezwe muri
urwo rubanza.
When the guarantee loses the case, the

winning party may require the guarantor to
pay him/her the amount of the sentence unless
he/she is not a party to the case.
Lorsque la personne garantie perd le procs,

la partie ayant obtenu gain de cause peut
exiger le garant de lui payer le montant de la
condamnation moins que celui-ci ne soit
pas partie au procs.
Akiciro ka 8: Inzitizi yerekeranye no Sub section 8: Objections relating to case Sous section 8: Exceptions relatives au
kohereza urubanza mu rundi rukiko
transfer
renvoi
Ingingo ya 123: Kwambura urubanza Article 123: Removal from a court and Article 123: Dessaisissement et renvoi
urukiko no kurwohereza mu rundi rukiko
transfer of a case to another court
Perezida
wUrukiko
rwo
ku
rwego The President of an immediate superior court
rwisumbuye ashobora kwambura urubanza may transfer a case from an inferior court to
urukiko rwo munsi yurwo ayobora another court of the same level if :
akarwohereza mu rundi rukiko rwo mu rwego
rumwe na rwo iyo:
1 urukiko rwari rufite ububasha bwo
kuburanisha
urubanza
rudafite
abacamanza bahagije bo kuruburanisha
cyangwa iyo hari indi mpamvu irubuza
gukomeza gukora imirimo yarwo uko
bisanzwe;
1 a court which has jurisdiction to try

the case cannot be formed in
compliance with the required legalities
or if its functioning has been
otherwise interrupted;
116
Le Prsident de la juridiction suprieure peut

dessaisir une juridiction qui lui est infrieure
et renvoyer la connaissance de laffaire une
autre juridiction infrieure du mme degr si:
1 la juridiction normalement comptente

ne peut tre lgalement compose ou
si le cours normal de la justice sy
trouve autrement interrompu;

2 urubanza rwasabwe kujyanwa mu rundi
rukiko kubera impamvu zumudendezo
wa rubanda;
2 an application for transfer has been

made because of public order;
2 il y a une demande de renvoi pour

cause de sret publique;
3 inkiko ebyiri cyangwa nyinshi

zaregewe icyarimwe urubanza rumwe
kandi ntihagire urwemera kururekera
urundi cyangwa iyo izo nkiko zose
zasiganiye kuruburanisha;
3 one case is referred to two or more

courts at the same time and none of
them accepts to withdraw or when
there is conflict between the two
courts regarding the hearing of the
case;
4 the dispute is interconnected with
another case already pending before
another court.
3 deux ou plusieurs juridictions sont

simultanment saisies dun mme
litige dont aucune delles ne veut pas
se dessaisir ou en cas de conflit de
comptence;
4 urubanza rusobekeranye nurundi

rukiburanishwa mu rundi rukiko.
4 la contestation est connexe une

cause dj pendante devant une autre
juridiction.
Ingingo ya 124: Kohereza urubanza Article 124: Transferring a case by the Article 124: Renvoi ordonn
bitegetswe na Perezida wurukiko
order of the President of the Court
Prsident de la juridiction
Kohereza urubanza mu rundi rukiko bishobora
gutegekwa na Perezida wurukiko rwo ku
rwego rwisumbuye, urukiko rubyibwirije,
cyangwa bisabwe numuburanyi ndetse
nuwagobotse mu rubanza, cyangwa se
urukiko rwaregewe rwemeje kwiyaka urwo
rubanza rubitangiye impamvu.
The case may be transfered by the order of the

President of the high level on initiative or at
the request of any of the parties including an
intervening party, or because of the decision
of the court to withdraw itself, after giving
reasons thereof.
par
le
Le renvoi peut tre ordonn par le Prsident

de la juridiction de degr suprieur soit
doffice, soit sur requte dune partie mme
intervenante, soit sur la dcision motive de
dessaisissement de la juridiction intresse.
Ingingo ya 125: Kohereza urubanza mu Article 125: Application for transfer of a Article 125: Renvoi sur requte dune
rundi rukiko biturutse ku kibazo case requested by a party
partie
cyumuburanyi
Kohereza urubanza mu rundi rukiko bisabwe Application for transfer of a case requested by Le renvoi sur requte est soulev avant le
numuburanyi bisuzumwa mbere yiburanisha a party shall be made before pleadings begin, commencement de la plaidoirie, sinon il nest
urega atarasobanura ikirego cye, bitaba ibyo otherwise
the
application
becomes plus recevable.
117

icyo kibazo nticyakirwe.
inadmissible.
Ingingo ya 126: Uburyo kohereza urubanza Article 126: Mode of transferring a case
mu rundi rukiko bikorwamo
Article 126:Forme de renvoi
Kohereza urubanza mu rundi rukiko bisabwa An application for transfer of a case shall be Le renvoi sur requte est propos par la
mu
nyandiko cyangwa mu magambo requested orally or in writting by a party or dclaration crite ou verbale faite par la
numuburanyi ubwe, umwunganiye cyangwa his/her counsel.
partie, son avocat ou son fond de pouvoir.
intumwa ye yaruhaye.
Icyo kirego kigizwe nimpamvu kimwe The application shall contain the grounds and Cette dclaration contient les moyens et
ningingo zisobanutse zugitanze kigaragaza clear conclusions of the applicant, justifying conclusions justificatifs de la demande de
aho ashingira asaba ko urubanza rwimurirwa his/ her request for transfer.
renvoi.
mu rundi rukiko.
Perezida wurukiko rusabwa kohereza
urubanza mu rundi rukiko yohereza dosiye
yuzuye yurwo rubanza mu rukiko rwo ku
rwego rwisumbuye ngo rube ari rwo
rubyitegekera iyo hatari irindi tegeko
ribyemeza ukundi.
The President of the court concerned with the

sending of the case in another court shall send
the complete case file to the immediate
superior court to decide on the matter if there
is no any other law that provides otherwise.
A la diligence du Prsident de la juridiction

concerne, le dossier est ensuite transmis pour
dcision la juridiction immdiatement
suprieure, sauf si une loi particulire en
dispose autrement.
Urukiko rwo ku rwego rwisumbuye ruca The superior court shall render its decision La juridiction immdiatement suprieure
urubanza mu minsi umunani (8).
within eight (8) days.
statue dans un dlai de huit jours.
Ingingo ya 127: Guhagarikwa kurubanza Article 127: Suspensive effect of an Article 127: Effet suspensif de la demande
rwasabiwe kujyanwa mu rundi rukiko
application for transfer of a case
de renvoi
Urubanza rwasabiwe kujyanwa mu rundi The application for transfer of a case shall La demande de renvoi suspend la pousuite du
rukiko ruba ruhagaritswe gucibwa kugeza have a suspensive effect on all proceedings jugement jusqu' la dcision sur le renvoi.
igihe habonekeye igisubizo kuri icyo kibazo.
until there has been a judgement on the
application.
118

Akiciro ka 9: Inzitizi zerekeye guhagarika Sub section 9: Objections relating to Sous section 9: Exceptions relatives
no kongera gukomeza urubanza
interruption
and
resumption
of linterruption et la reprise dìnstance
proceedings
Ingingo ya 128: Impamvu zihagarika Article 128: Interruption factors which Article
128:
Causes
dinterruption
urubanza ariko zitarubuza gucibwa
cannot stop the court from ruling a case
nempchant pas la juridiction rendre la
dcision
Iyo urubanza rugeze igihe cyo gucibwa, urupfu
rwababuranaga,
guhindura
imimerere
cyangwa kuva ku mirimo kwabo ntibibuza
urukiko kuruca.
When it is time for the ruling of a case, the

death of parties, changing their status or their
cessation of the functions in which they had
been acting shall not oblige the court to stop
rendering the judgement.
Quand une affaire est en tat dtre juge, la

mort, le changement dtat des parties ou la
cessation des fonctions dans lesquelles elles
procdaient nobligent pas la juridiction
diffrer la dcision.
Ingingo ya 129: Guhamagara abafite Article 129: Calling persons having Article 129: Reprise dinstance par ceux
ububasha mu rubanza bwo kurukomeza
capacity to continue the proceedings
qui ont la qualit pour reprendre linstance
Iyo urubanza rutaragera igihe cyo gucibwa,
urukiko rukamenya ko habonetse imwe mu
mpamvu zivugwa mu ngingo ya 128 yiri
tegeko, ruhamagara abafite ububasha bwo
kurukomeza, rukurikije amategeko yerekeye
ihamagara.
When a case is not yet ready to be decided

and one of the events mentioned in Article
128 of this Law brought to its attention, the
court calls those persons having the capacity
to continue the proceedings in accordance
with the procedure regarding summons and
service.
Quand une affaire nest pas en tat dtre

juge, ds quun des vnements mentionns
larticle 128 de la prsente loi est port sa
connaissance, la juridiction appelle ceux qui
ont qualit pour reprendre linstance
effectuer cette reprise, conformment la
procdure dassignation.
Abahamagawe bavugwa mu gika cya mbere

cyiyi ngingo iyo bataje gukomeza urubanza
mu gihe bahawe, urubanza rucibwa badahari,
hubahirizwa amategeko agenga ababuranyi
banze kwitaba urukiko.
If the summoned persons mentioned in the

Paragraph One of this Article fail to appear to
proceed with their case within the time
provided, the case shall be heard in default as
provided by the Law.
Faute, par ceux qui sont mentionns lalina

premier du prsent article de prendre part
linstance dans le dlai fix par la juridiction,
il est pass outre la dcision de laffaire, en
conformit avec les rgles relatives au dfaut
des parties.
119

Akiciro ka 10: Inzitizi zikuraho urubanza
Sub section 10: Objections relating to Sous section 10: Exceptions relatives
extinction of proceedings
lextinction de linstance
Ingingo ya 130: Igisobanuro cyo kureka Article 130 : Definition of withdrawal from Article 130 : Dfinition du dsistement
urubanza
a case
dinstance
Le dsistement dinstance est lacte par lequel
le demandeur, aprs avoir engag laction, y
renonce et arrte linstance avec le
consentement du dfendeur. Sans effet sur le
fond du droit, il laisse subsister le droit
daction et nest pas un obstacle sa
rintroduction ultrieure.
Kureka urubanza ni ukururegera hanyuma

uwareze akavuga ko aretse kuruburana, uwo
yaregaga akabyemera. Nta ngaruka bigira ku
iremezo ryurubanza, uburenganzira bwo
kurega bugumaho ku buryo umuntu ashobora
no kongera kurega.
Withdrawal from a case is the act whereby the

plaintiff, having instituted the suit, abandons
it and puts an end to the case with the consent
of the defendant. It has no effect on the merits
of the case, the course of action subsists and
is not a bar to subsequent action.
Kureka urubanza biremewe mu manza zose.
Withdrawal from a case shall be acceptable in Le dsistement dinstance est admis en toute
all suits.
matire.
Ingingo ya 131: Uburyo kureka urubanza Article 131: Form of withdrawal from a Article 131:
bikorwamo
case
dinstance
Kureka urubanza bishobora gukorwa no
kwemerwa aho urubanza rwaba rugeze hose
bikozwe mu nyandiko iriho umukono
wumuburanyi ubwe cyangwa wumwunganira
kandi bikamenyeshwa uwo baburana.
Withdrawal from a case may be made and

accepted at any stage of the proceedings by a
simple written declaration, signed by the
interested party or his/her counsel and the
notice of which is served to the other party.
Forme
du
dsistement
Le dsistement dinstance peut tre fait et

accept en tout tat de cause par simple
dclaration signe par la partie intresse ou
son conseil et signifie la partie adverse.
Kureka urubanza bishobora no gukorwa mu Withdrawal may also be made verbally before Il peut galement tre fait verbalement la
magambo imbere yurukiko.
the court.
barre.
120

Ingingo ya 132 : Gusubira uko ibintu byari Article 132: Return the former situation
bimeze mbere
Article 132: Remise au pristin tat
Kureka urubanza bikemerwa bituma ibintu Acceptance of withdrawal from a case makes Le dsistement dinstance accept emporte de
bisubira uko byari bimeze ku mpande zombi the situation return to the way it was for both plein droit consentement que les choses soient
mbere yuko urukiko ruregerwa.
parties before filing the lawsuit.
remises de part et dautre au mme tat
quelles taient avant la demande.
Bivuga kandi ko uwemeye kureka urubanza With respect to the party making the Il emporte galement, dans le chef de la partie
aba yemeye no kuriha amagarama yurubanza withdrawal from a case, it also entails the qui sest dsiste, obligation de payer les frais
kugeza igihe rurekewe.
obligation to pay the costs of the procedure de procdure exposs jusqualors.
instituted up to the point of withdrawal.
Ingingo ya 133: Igisobanuro cyo kwemera Article 133: Definition of acceptance of a Article 133: Dfinition de lacquiescement
ikirego
claim
Uregwa aba yemeye ikirego iyo yemeye ibyo An acceptance of a claim is where the Lacquiescement est lacte par lequel le
umurega asaba urukiko cyangwa icyo defendant admits the claims made by the dfendeur accepte les conclusions du
urubanza rumutsinda rwategetse.
plaintiff or the judgment against him/ her.
demandeur ou la dcision qui le condamne.
Ingingo ya 134: Uburyo kwemera ikirego Article 134: Form of acceptance of a claim
bikorwamo
Article 134: Forme de lacquiescement
Umuntu ashobora kwemera icyo aregwa aho

urubanza rwaba rugeze hose. Ashobora
kucyemera
yeruye
cyangwa
ateruye
akabigaragaza mu migirire ye yerekana neza
ko yemeye ibyo umuburanyi we amurega
cyangwa arangiza ibyo urukiko rumutegetse.
Lacquiescement peut intervenir en tout tat

de cause. Il peut tre exprs ou tacite et
rsulter dun ensemble de circonstances
impliquant lintention dexcuter la dcision
de la juridiction ou les conclusions du
demandeur.
A person may accept a claim at any stage of

the proceedings. He/she may explicitly or
implicitly in his /her actions indicating clearly
that he or she admits the claims of his/her
adversary or the execution of the courts
decisions.
121

Ingingo ya 135: Kwemera ikirego bikorwa Article 135: Unilateral status of acceptance
numuburanyi umwe
Article 135: Caractre

lacquiescement
unilatral
de
Kwemera ikirego bikorwa ku bushake Acceptance of a claim shall be unilateral. It Lacquiescement est unilatral. Il nest pas
bwumuntu ku giti cye; bigira agaciro shall not be subject to the acceptance by the conditionn par lacceptation de la partie
bitagombye kwemerwa nuwo baburana.
other party.
adverse.
Iyo bibaye mu iburanisha, urukiko ruhita ruca When it occurs in the course of hearing, the Lorsquil intervient en cours daudience, le
urubanza.
court immediately shall render the judgment.
juge statue sans dsemparer.
Ingingo ya 136: Inkurikizi zo kwemera Article 136: Effect of acceptance
ikirego
Article 136: Effets de lacquiescement
Uwemeye ikirego aba yemeye no kurangiza Acceptance of claim shall entail an obligation Lacquiescement
emporte
obligation
urubanza uko rwaciwe mu ngingo zarwo zose. of the execution of the judgement in its entire dexcuter la dcision dans sa forme et teneur.
form and content.
Ingingo ya 137: Ubusaze bwurubanza Article 137: Time limitation for a lawsuit
rwaregewe
Article 137: Premption dinstance
Urubanza rwose rwaregewe rugahagarara

amezi atandatu (6) rutaburanywe biturutse ku
bushake
buke
bwurega
ntiruba
rukiburanishijwe
rutongeye
gutangirwa
ingwate yamagarama bundi bushya.
Toute instance dont les poursuites sont

suspendues pendant six (6) mois suite la
ngligence du demandeur est frappe de la
premption dinstance moins quelle ne soit
rintroduite moyennant paiement des frais de
consignation.
Any case that is stayed for a period of six (6)

months without judgement due to negligence
of the plaintif shall not be re-adjudicated
unless new court fees are paid.
Ingingo ya 138: Urubanza rwashajishijwe Article 138: A case lapsed by inaction of a Article 138: Premption
nuwareze
plaintiff
imputable au demandeur
dinstance
Iyo
urubanza
rwashajishijwe
nuko If a case lapses due to the plaintiffs failure to En cas de premption dinstance imputable au
uwaruregeye yaretse kurukurikirana, uwareze follow it up in court, the plaintiff shall pay all demandeur, celui-ci est condamn tous les
122

acibwa amagarama yose yurubanza rwarenze the costs related to that case.
igihe cyo gukurikiranwa.
frais de la procdure prime.
Ingingo ya 139: Inkurikizi zo kwemeza ko Article 139: Effects of limitation period of Article 139: Effets de la premption
urubanza rwashaje
a case
dinstance
Iyo urukiko rwemeje ko urubanza rwashaje no
kutaburanwa rubyibwirije cyangwa rubisabwe,
ibyo ntibyarubuza kongera kubyutswa bundi
bushya. Bituma gusa ibyakozwe muri urwo
rubanza mbere bivaho kandi rugasibwa mu
gitabo cyibirego, ntihagire ubyitwaza ngo
abyireguze.
If a court, on its own motion or upon request,

approves that a case lapsed due to failure of
hearing, it shall not be retried. It merely
extinguishes the previous procedure and
removes it from the register, without any
possibility of invoking them for defence.
La premption constate par la juridiction

saisie doffice ou sur requte nteint pas
laction. Elle emporte seulement extinction de
la procdure et radiation du rle sans quon
puisse, dans aucun cas, opposer aucun des
actes de la procdure teinte ni sen prvaloir.
Ingingo ya 140: Ingaruka yo gusaza ku Article 140: Effect of a case lapsing subject Article 140: Effet de la premption
rubanza rwasubirishijwemo, rwajuririwe to opposition, appeal and application for dinstance en cause dopposition, dappel
cyangwa rwasubirishijwemo ingingo nshya
review
ou de recours en rvision
Iyo urubanza rwasubirishijwemo, rwajuririwe In case of opposition, appeal or application
cyangwa rwasabiwe gusubirishwamo ingingo for review and thereafter it lapses; the
nshya, nyuma rukaza gusaza, ruhama uko judgement shall not be subject to retrial.
rwaciwe ntirwongere kuburanwa.
Ingingo ya 141: Kujuririra

busaze bwurubanza
La premption dinstance en cause

dopposition, dappel ou de recours en
rvision donne force de chose juge la
dcision par dfaut ou attaque par voie
dappel ou de rvision.
icyemezo ku Article 141: Appeal against judgement on a Article 141: Recours contre la dcision sur
lapsed case
la premption dinstance
Icyemezo cyafashwe ku busaze bwurubanza The judgement turning a case into a lapsed La dcision intervenue en premption nest
ntigishobora gusubirwamo hakoreshejwe inzira case shall not be subject to appeal.
susceptible daucune voie de recours.
zubujurire.
123

Icyiciro cya 3: Inzitizi zisaba kutakira Section 3: Request for inadmissibility of a Section 3: Fins de non-recevoir
ikirego
claim
Ingingo ya 142: Abashobora
impamvu ituma ikirego kitakirwa
gutanga Article 142: Persons who can request for Article 142: Personnes pouvant soulever
inadmissibility of a claim
une fin de non recevoir
Impamvu ituma ikirego kitakirwa ishobora Request for inadmissibility of a claim may be Une fin de non-recevoir peut tre souleve par
kubyutswa numuburanyi cyangwa nurukiko made by a party or court at its own motion.
une partie ou doffice par une juridiction.
rubyibwirije.
Impamvu
zituma
ikirego
kitakirwa
zigaragazwa nurukiko rubyibwirije iyo ari
indemyagihugu, nko kurenza igihe cyo
kujurira
cyangwa
kutagira
ububasha,
ubushobozi cyangwa inyungu byo kurega.
Request for inadmissibility of a claim shall

be raised by the court on its own initiative if
its reasons are of the nature of public law and
order such as exceeding the time limit within
which to appeal or lack of status,capacity or
interest to sue.
Une fin de non recevoir est souleve doffice

par la juridiction lorsque ses motifs ont un
caractre dòrdre public, notamment lorsqu'ils
rsultent de lìnobservation des dlais dans
lesquels doivent tre exerces les voies de
recours ou en cas de dfaut de qualit, de
capacit ou dìntrt dagir.
Ingingo ya 143: Kujuririra icyemezo Article 143: Appeal against a judgement on Article 143: Recours contre une dcision
gifashwe ku mpamvu zituma ikirego request for inadmissibility of a claim
rendue sur une fin de non-recevoir
kitakirwa
Icyemezo gifashwe ku mpamvu zituma ikirego The judgement as to inadmissibility of a claim La dcision rendue sur une fin de nonkitakirwa gishobora kujuririrwa cyonyine mu may be appealed alone if that judgement can recevoir est susceptible dappel si elle met fin
gihe icyo cyemezo gifashwe gituma iburanisha lead to the final hearing.
linstance.
rirangirira aho.
ntibireba ariko icyemezo gifashwe ku mpamvu
zituma ikirego kitakirwa mu gihe icyo
cyemezo gitegeka icyemezo cyagateganyo ku
buryo iburanisha rizasubukurwa. Ijuririra ryiki
The provisions of the Paragraph One of this

Article shall not apply to a judgement on
request for a case dismissal when that
interlocutory decision not closing the
hearings. The appeal against such a decision
124

prsent article ne sappliquent pas la
dcision prise sur une fin de non-recevoir qui
a un caractre de dcision avant dire droit ne
mettant pas fin linstance. Lappel contre

cyemezo cyagateganyo rikorerwa hamwe shall be made together with the judgement on une telle dcision provisoire est interjet
niryurubanza rwiremezo rwaciwe mu mizi the main claim.
conjointement au jugement sur le fond.
yarwo.
UMUTWE
WA
RYURUBANZA
IV:
ICIBWA CHAPTER IV: JUDGEMENT
Icyiciro cya mbere: Gufata icyemezo mu Section One: Deliberations

guca urubanza
Ingingo ya 144: Igihe cyo guca urubanza
CHAPITRE IV: JUGEMENT
Section premire: Dlibr
Article 144: Period for deliberation of a Article 144: Moment du dlibr

case
Gufata icyemezo mu guca urubanza bikorwa The deliberation of a case shall begin Il est procd au dlibr directement aprs la
ako kanya cyangwa ku munsi ukurikira immediately or on the day following the clture des dbats ou au plus tard
le
uwisoza ryiburanisha.
closing of the proceedings.
lendemain.
Ingingo ya 145: Uburyo icyemezo cyo guca Article 145: Order of conducting debates Article 145: Procdure de dlibr
urubanza gifatwamo
on deliberations
Impaka zerekeye gufata icyemezo mu guca Debates on deliberations shall be conducted Le dlibr est secret.
urubanza zigibwa mu muhezo.
in camera.
Iyo iburanisha ryari rigizwe nabacamanza
barenze umwe, umucamanza ushyizweho vuba
ni we ubanza kuvuga icyo arutekerezaho,
hagakurikiraho undi mucamanza muto, bose
bagasozerezwa numuyobozi wiburanisha.
When several judges are sitting as a bench,

the most recently appointed judge gives
his/her opinion first, followed by the other
judge and finally the presiding judge.
En cas de collgialit, le dlibr est ouvert

par le juge le moins ancien qui prend la parole
et donne son avis le premier, suivi de lautre
juge et enfin le Prsident du sige.
Icyemezo gifatwa ku bwiganze burunduye Decision shall be taken by an absolute Les dcisions sont prises la majorit absolue
bwamajwi.
majority vote.
des voix.
125

Iyo mu guca urubanza habonetse ibitekerezo When in deliberations opinions are divided Lorsque le dlibr aboutit plusieurs avis et
bitandukanye ku buryo ubwiganze burunduye and the required absolute majority vote is not que la majorit requise nest pas atteinte, le
bwamajwi butabonetse, itora risubirwamo.
attained, the vote is repeated.
vote est repris.
Iyo amajwi ya ngombwa atabonekeye ku
nshuro ya gatatu, Perezida
wiburanisha
abimenyesha Perezida wurukiko uhita na we
ahamagara muri izo mpaka undi mucamanza
ugomba kwemera kimwe mu byo bagenzi be
bari bananiranyweho.
If the necessary votes are not obtained after

the third round, the presiding judge shall
inform the president of the court who
immediately invites to the deliberations,
another judge who must adhere to one of the
opinions already given.
Si la majorit nest pas atteinte au troisime

tour du scrutin, le Prsident du sige informe
le Prsident de la juridiction qui, son tour,
invite au dlibr un autre juge qui doit se
rallier lune des opinions mises.
Icyakora, umucamanza cyangwa abacamanza

batemera icyemezo cyafashwe na bagenzi
babo, bashobora kwandika igitekerezo cyabo
bashyigikiraga, kikagaragara mu rubanza
inyuma yimikono yabagize inteko. Icyo
gitekerezo ntigisomwa mu ruhame mu
rubanza.
However, a judge or judges who do not agree

with the majority opinion may write their
dissenting opinions which form part of the
judgment and are recorded after the signatures
of the members of the panel. Such opinion is
not pronounced in public.
Toutefois, le ou les juges qui ne sont pas

daccord avec la dcision de la majorit
peuvent rdiger leurs avis dissidents qui
apparaissent dans larrt ou jugement aprs
les signatures des membres du sige. Il ne
sont pas lus en public lors du prononc.
Ingingo ya 146: Umushinga wurubanza
Article 146: Draft judgement
Article 146: Projet de jugement ou arrt
Iyo ubwiganze bwamajwi bubonetse, hahita

handikwa umushinga wurubanza ushyizweho
umukono nabacamanza baruciye harimo
uwaganjwe mu majwi.
When the absolute majority vote is attained,

the draft of the judgement shall be prepared
and signed by the trial judges, including the
dissenting judge.
Lorsque la majorit requise est obtenue, il est

dress un projet du jugement ou arrt sign
par les juges qui ont particip au dlibr y
compris le juge dissident.
Iyo urubanza rwaburanishijwe numucamanza When the case was tried by one judge, he/she Si laffaire a t connue par un juge unique,
umwe
yandika
umushinga
warwo shall prepare its draft and thereafter sign it.
celui-ci dresse un projet du jugement et y
akawushyiraho umukono.
appose sa signature.
Uwo mushinga uhinduka urubanza nyarwo iyo The draft shall become a definitive judgement Ce projet de jugement ou arrt ne revt sa
umaze gusomerwa mu ruhame.
after its pronouncement in public.
forme dfinitive quaprs son prononc en
126

audience publique.
Icyiciro cya 2: Isomwa ryurubanza
Section 2 : Pronouncement of judgement
Section 2 : Prononc du jugement ou arrt
Ingingo ya 147: Isomwa ryurubanza mu Article 147: Pronouncement of judgement Article 147:Prononc en audience publique
ruhame
in public
Igihe cyose, urubanza rusomerwa mu ruhame, At all times, a judgment shall be pronounced Tout jugement ou arrt, dans tous les cas et
bitaba ibyo bigatuma urubanza ruta agaciro in public, otherwise it becomes null.
sous peine de nullit, est prononc en
karwo.
audience publique.
Ica
ryurubanza
risobanura
itegeko The judgement must contain grounds in law Il est motiv en fait et en droit.
ryakurikijwe ningingo zishingiye ku byabaye and in fact.
zagaragajwe mu rubanza.
Ica ryurubanza rigomba gusobanura impamvu It must justify the rejection of the evidence Il doit justifier du motif de refus dune
yatumye ikimenyetso cyaba cyaratanzwe produced and the value it attributes to the preuve offerte et de la valeur quil attribue
kitemerwa nagaciro riha ibimenyetso byose different types of evidence produced in court. aux diffrents modes de preuves.
byatanzwe mu rubanza.
Ica
ryurubanza
rigomba
kwerekana The judgement shall indicate all the legal Il doit indiquer toutes les dispositions de la loi
amategeko yose yakurikijwe mu ikemura provisions it was based on in deciding the dont il a t fait application.
ryurubanza.
case.
Matolewo igomba kuba ifite umukono
cyangwa imikono yabacamanza baruciye
nuwumwanditsi wurukiko wari mu isomwa
ryaryo.
The original copy of judgement shall bear the Il doit tre sign par le ou les juges qui lont
signatures of the judge or judges who rendu et par le greffier.
rendered the judgement and that of the court
registrar who was present at its delivery.
Itariki yicibwa ryurubanza ni iyisomwa The date of judgement shall be the one of its La date du jugement est celle du prononc.
ryarwo.
pronouncement.
127

Ingingo ya
rwanditse
148:
Isomwa
ryurubanza Article 148: Pronouncement of a written Article 148: Prononc du jugement ou

judgement
arrt rdig
Urubanza
rwose
rugomba
gusomwa Every judgement shall be pronounced in the Tout jugement ou arrt doit tre prononc en
numucamanza cyangwa abacamanza baruciye presence of the judge or judges who rendered prsence du ou des juges qui lont rendu et
bahari kandi rwanditse mu ngingo zarwo zose. it and should be written thoroughly.
rdig en intgralit.
Icyakora, iyo umwe cyangwa bamwe mu
bacamanza baciye urubanza kandi banashyize
umukono
ku
mushinga
wurubanza
batabonetse ku munsi wisomwa ryarwo,
ntibibuza ko rusomwa numwe cyangwa
abacamanza
bahari
baruburanishije.
Umwanditsi wurukiko yandika ku rupapuro
rwisomwa ko urubanza rwasomwe umwe
cyangwa bamwe mu baruciye badahari.
However, if one or some of the judges who

took part in the deliberations and signed on
the draft judgement are absent on the date of
pronouncement, it shall not hinder its
pronouncement. The court registrar records
on the pronouncement copy that the judgment
was pronounced in the absence of one or
some of the judges.
Toutefois, lempchement dassister au

prononc du jugement, pour lun ou certains
des juges qui ont particip au dlibr et sign
le projet de ce jugement, ne fait pas obstacle
son prononc par le juge ou les juges
disponibles. Mention est faite par le greffier
de cette circonstance sur la feuille de
prononc.
Ariko iyo uwo mucamanza adashobora

kuboneka mu isomwa ryurubanza kubera
impamvu zijyanye nuko atakiri umucamanza
mu rukiko rwaciye urubanza, isomwa ryarwo
rirahagarara
hagasubukurwa
iburanisha
ryurubanza, Perezida w urukiko agasimbuza
umucamanza utakiri muri urwo rukiko.
However, if such a judge is not available

because he/she is no longer a judge in the
court that adjudicated the case, the
pronouncement shall be suspended and the
hearings shall be reopened and the President
of the court shall make the replacement of the
judge who no longer serves at that court.
Cependant, si le motif dempchement rsulte

de la perte de sa qualit de juge dans la
juridiction qui a rendu le jugement, le
prononc est obligatoirement suspendu et les
dbats rouverts, le Prsident de la juridiction
procde au remplacement du juge qui nest
plus membre de cette juridiction.
Ingingo ya 149: Igihe urubanza rusomerwa
Article 149: limitation for pronouncement Article 149:Dlai du prononc

of a judgement
Urubanza rwose rugomba gusomwa rwanditse

mu gihe kitarenze ukwezi kumwe (1) uhereye
igihe iburanisha ryasorejwe. Iyo bitabaye ibyo
abacamanza
baruburanishije
bashobora
All judgments must be written and

pronounced within one (1) month period of
the closing of hearings. Failure to do so may
lead to disciplinary action being taken against
128
Tout jugement doit, sous peine de sanctions

disciplinaires, tre rdig et prononc endans
un (1) mois qui prend cours la date de la
clture des dbats. A dfaut, une mesure

kubihanirwa.
the trial judges.
disciplinaire peut tre prise lencontre des

juges concerns.
Gusoma urubanza bishobora no gukorwa ako

kanya iburanisha rikirangira iyo umucamanza
asanze ari ngombwa. Muri icyo gihe urubanza
rushobora gusomwa rutanditse rwose.
Pronouncement of judgement may be done

immediately after the hearing when the judge
finds it necessary. In that case the judgement
can be pronounced without being written in
its entirety.
Le prononc peut aussi se faire sur les bancs

lorsque le juge lestime ncessaire. Dans ce
cas, le jugement peut tre rendu sans tre
rdig dans son intgralit.
Icyakora iyo gusoma urubanza bidashoboye

gukorwa muri icyo gihe giteganyijwe mu gika
cya mbere cyiyi ngingo ku mpamvu
zumvikana, Perezida wurukiko abikorera
raporo yihariye akayishyikiriza urukiko rwo ku
rwego rwisumbuye kandi bigashyirwa muri
matolewo.
However, if the pronouncement of the

judgment does not take place within the time
provided for in Paragraph One of this Article
for justifiable reasons, the President of the
court shall report that matter to the immediate
superior court and it shall be mentioned on
the copy of judgement.
Toutefois, si le prononc ne peut avoir lieu

dans le dlai prvu lalina premier du
prsent article, pour des motifs valables, le
Prsident de la juridiction de jugement fait un
rapport spcial quil soumet la juridiction
suprieure. Mention en est faite dans la copie
de jugement.
Iyo umwe mu baburanyi atigeze amenyeshwa

umunsi wisomwa ryurubanza cyangwa se
ngo
abe
yarahagarariwe,
amenyeshwa
numwanditsi wurukiko cyangwa umuhesha
warwo uko urubanza rwaciwe hakurikijwe
amategeko asanzwe agenga imenyesha
ryinyandiko zurukiko.
If one of the parties was not notified of the

date of the pronouncement of the judgement
or was not represented, he/she is notified of
the decision by a court registrar or bailiff in
accordance with the ordinary procedure
regarding notification of judicial documents.
Si une partie na pas t informe du jour du

prononc ou na pas t rgulirement
reprsente au prononc, elle est signifie par
le greffier du prononc, selon les rgles de
notification ou de signification des actes
judiciaires.
Ingingo ya
ibizakorwa
150:
Urubanza
rutegeka Article 150:

operation
Urubanza rwose ruciwe, ndetse niyo ari

urutegura urundi gusa, rugategeka ko hari
ibizakorwa mu rubanza ababuranyi bagomba
kureba, ruvuga ahantu, umunsi nisaha
Judgement
ordering
an Article 150: Jugement ou arrt ordonnant

une opration
Any judgment that has been rendered, even

only for preliminary which order an activity
to which parties must attend, shall indicate the
place, date and hour when the event is to be
129
Tout jugement ou arrt, mme sil sagit dun

jugement avant dire droit, qui ordonne une
opration laquelle les parties doivent
assister, indique le lieu, le jour et lheure o il

bizakorerwaho.
carried out.
sera procd cette opration.
Ingingo ya 151: Ibyandikwa mu rubanza Article 151: Contents of a judgement

ruciwe
Article 151: Contenu du jugement ou arrt
Urubanza ruciwe rwandikwamo ibi bikurikira:
Tout jugement ou arrt doit contenir :
Any judgment shall contain:
1 izina ryurukiko rwaruciye;
1 the name of the court that delivered it;
2 amazina numwirondoro byababuranyi,

kuba arega cyangwa aregwa, aho batuye
cyangwa aho bacumbitse;
2 the names and identities of the parties,

their plaintiff or defendant status, their
domicile or residence;
3 ikiburanwa;
3 the subject matter of litigation;
3 lobjet du litige;
4 imiburanire yababuranyi;
4 allegations of the parties;
4 les prtentions des parties;
5 impamvu zamategeko nimiterere

yurubanza urukiko rwashingiyeho ruca
urubanza;
5 the grounds in facts and in law;
5 la motivation en fait et en droit;
6 icyemezo cyurukiko;
6 the decision of the court;
7 itariki nahantu urubanza rwaciriwe;
7 the date and place of judgement;
6 la dcision de la juridiction de
jugement;
7 la date et le lieu du jugement ou arrt;
8 izina cyangwa amazina yabacamanza

baruciye;
8 the name of the judge or judges who

delivered it;
8 le ou les noms du ou des juges qui lont

rendu;
9 ifasi yurukiko rwaruciye;
9 the territorial jurisdiction of the court

that delivered it;
9 lindication du ressort de la juridiction;
10 iburanisha ryurubanza mu ruhame
10 if the hearing was conducted in public
10 la publicit de laudience ou son huis-
130
1lindication de la juridiction qui la

rendu;
2les noms, prnoms, qualits et domicile
ou rsidence des parties;

cyangwa mu muhezo nisomwa ryarwo mu
ruhame.
or in camera and its pronouncement in

public.
clos et la publicit du prononc.
Ingingo ya 152: Ibirego bisaba gusobanura

cyangwa gukosora amakosa ari mu rubanza
Article 152: Applications for interpretation Article 152: Requtes en interprtation ou

or correction of a judgement
en rectification de jugement ou arrt
Ibirego bisaba gusobanura cyangwa gukosora

amakosa ari mu rubanza biregerwa urukiko
rwaciye
urwo
rubanza
bigasuzumwa
numucamanza waruciye. Iyo bidashobotse
bishyikirizwa undi mucamanza.
Applications for an interpretation or

correction of a judgment shall be made before
the court which rendered the judgment and
examined by a judge who rendered the
judgement.When it is not possible the case is
given to another judge.
Les requtes en rectification derreurs

matrielles ou en interprtation en cas
dobscurit ou dambiguit sont portes
devant la juridiction qui a rendu la dcision et
sont examines par le juge ayant rendu la
dcision. En cas dimpossibilit, elles sont
soumises un autre juge.
Ingingo ya 153: Uburyo ibirego bisobanura Article 153: Rules of application for Article 153: Forme dintroduction des
cyangwa bikosora bitangwamo
interpretation or correction of a judgement requtes en interprtation ou en
rectification
Ibirego bivugwa mu ngingo ya 152 yiri tegeko
iyi bitangwa hakurikijwe uburyo busanzwe mu
gutanga ibirego. Nta ngwate yigarama ariko
bitangirwa.
Applications mentioned in the Article 152 of

this Law shall be made in accordance with the
ordinary rules regarding the filing of cases.
However, they are exempted from the
payment of court fees.
Les requtes vises larticle 152 de la

prsente loi sont introduites selon les rgles
ordinaires dintroduction dinstance. Elles
sont toutefois dispenses de la formalit de
consignation de frais de justice.
Ingingo ya 154: Iburanisha ku birego Article 154: Hearing of an application for Article 154: Audience sur les requtes en
bikosora nibisobanura urubanza
correction or interpretation
rectification ou en interprtation
Ibirego bisaba gukosora imyandikire yicyo
bibeshyeho cyangwa gusobanura urubanza
rwaciwe mu buryo butumvikana cyangwa mu
buryo bushobora kumvikana mu buryo
bunyuranye biburanishwa mu muhezo
Applications seeking to rectify an apparent

error on the record or clarifying a decision
which is ambiguous or susceptible to
divergent interpretation shall be decided in
camera without adversarial arguments and
131
Les requtes tendant la rectification

derreurs matrielles ou linterprtation en cas
dobscurit ou dambiguit sont juges huis
clos, sans dbat contradictoire et sans rien
changer la dcision prise par la juridiction

ababuranyi batongeye kuvuguruzanya kandi
nta gihinduwe ku byerekeranye nuwatsinze
urubanza, isobanurampamvu yuko ibintu
byagenze nuko amategeko abiteganya
byemejwe nurukiko.
without alteration regarding the winning quant la partie qui a eu gain de cause, au
party, explanatory notes on how the case was dispositif et aux questions de droit.
ruled, and what the law stipulates as well as
the decision taken by court.
Urubanza rusobanura cyangwa rukosora

urundi
rwuzuza
urubanza
rwasabiwe
gusobanurwa kandi ntirushobora kujuririrwa
rwonyine bidakorewe rimwe nurubanza
rwiremezo.
The judgement interpreting or rectifying a

previous judgement complementing the
interpreted judgement shall not be subject to
appeal unless it is done at the same time with
the main suit.
Le jugement ou arrt interprtatif ou

rctificatif complte le jugement ou arrt
interprt et ne peut tre attaqu en appel
quen mme temps que ce dernier.
Igihe cyubujurire kuri izo manza zombi The period for appeal on both cases runs from Le dlai pour interjeter appel contre les deux
gitangira kubarwa uhereye ku munsi the day of delivering the judgement jugements commence courir partir du jour
wisomwa ryurubanza rusobanura urundi.
interpreting another one.
du prononc du jugement interprtatif.
INTERURO
KUJURIRA
YA
IV:
INZIRA
ZO TITLE IV: PROCEDURES FOR APPEAL TITRE IV: DES VOIES DE RECOURS
UMUTWE WA MBERE: INZIRA ZO CHAPTER

ONE:
ORDINARY CHAPITRE PREMIER: DES VOIES DE
KUJURIRA ZISANZWE
PROCEDURE OF APPEAL
RECOURS ORDINAIRES
Icyiciro
cya
urubanza
mbere:
Gusubirishamo Section One: Opposition
Ingingo ya 155: Gusubirishamo urubanza Article 155: Opposition

rwaciwe uregwa adahari
Section premire: Opposition

Article 155: Opposition dun jugement
rendu par dfaut
Gusubirishamo urubanza biba bigamije ko An opposition seeks to have a default Lopposition tend rtracter un jugement
urubanza
rwaciwe
uregwa
adahari judgement reviewed and is acceptable only to rendu par dfaut et nest ouverte quau
rusubirwamo. Byemererwa gusa uregwa a defendant who did not appear.
dfendeur dfaillant.
132

utaritabye urukiko.
Ingingo ya 156: Kwemera ko urubanza Article 156: Admissibility of opposition
rusubirishwamo
Article 156: Recevabilit de lopposition
Gusaba ko urubanza rusubirwamo byemerwa

gusa iyo uregwa utaritabye mbere ashobora
kugaragaza impamvu idasanzwe kandi
ikomeye yamubujije kwitaba.
Lopposition nest recevable que si le

dfendeur dfaillant excipe une cause
exceptionnelle et grave qui
justifie
pleinement sa dfaillance antrieure.
An opposition shall be accepted only when

the defendant who failed to appear presents an
exceptional and serious reason for his/her
absence.
Urukiko rwaregewe ni rwo rugena mu The court hearing the claim alone has the La juridiction saisie apprcie souverainement
bushishozi bwarwo agaciro ruha impamvu discretion to appreciate the alleged grounds la cause de dfaillance allgue.
itanzwe yatumye umuburanyi atitaba.
for failure to appear.
Ibyo ari byo byose, ntabwo urubanza In any case, no one may apply for a new Dans tous les cas, opposition sur opposition
rwasabiwe gusubirwamo rwongera gusabirwa opposition of a case that has been already ne vaut.
gusubirwamo indi nshuro.
reviewed.
Ingingo ya 157: Abemerewe gusubirishamo Article 157: Parties allowed to apply for Article 157:
urubanza
opposition
opposition
Gusaba ko urubanza rusubirwamo bisabwa
numuburanyi, umwunganira cyangwa se uwo
yahaye urubanza. Bisabwa mu magambo
cyangwa
mu
nyandiko,
bikandikwa
numwanditsi wurukiko rwaciye urubanza
rusabirwa gusubirwamo.
An application for opposition shall be

instituted by a party, his/her counsel or by
his/her legal representative. It shall be done
either by oral or written declaration recorded
by the court registrar of the court that
rendered the contested judgment.
Personnes
pouvant faire
Lopposition est forme par la partie, son

conseil ou par un fond de pouvoirs spcial
par une dclaration verbale ou crite acte par
le greffier de la juridiction qui a rendu le
jugement attaqu.
Isaba
ryuko
urubanza
rusubirwamo The application for opposition shall contain a Elle contient lexpos sommaire des moyens
ryandikwamo impamvu zivunaguye zituma summary of the grounds for opposition.
de la partie.
umuburanyi asubirishamo urubanza.
133

Umunsi wemerwaho ko urubanza rwasabiwe
gusubirwamo ni uwo byavugiweho nubisaba
mu biro byubwanditsi cyangwa uwo
umwanditsi wurukiko yaboneyeho ibaruwa
ibisaba.
The date of the application of the opposition La date de lopposition est celle de la
shall be that of the declaration by the dclaration au greffe ou celle de la rception
applicant in the office of the court registrar, or par le greffier de la lettre de lopposant.
that of the receipt of the written application
by the court registrar.
Gusaba ko urubanza rusubirwamo bishobora

gukorwa kandi, nyirukubisaba abyanditse ku
rupapuro ruriho icyemezo kimwishyuza, ku
nyandikomvugo yifatira ryibintu no ku kindi
cyemezo cyose kirangiza urubanza, ariko
nyirukubisaba agomba mu gihe kitarenze
iminsi cumi nitanu (15) gushyikiriza
ubwanditsi incamake y impamvu zimuteye
gusubirishamo urubanza.
The application of opposition may also be

made by the applicant on the order demanding
him/her to pay, on the minutes of the
warranty, and on any other judgement
execution orders, but on condition that the
applicant submits to the court registrar, a
summary of the grounds for the application
for opposition within fifteen (15) days.
Lopposition peut aussi tre faite par

dclaration
sur
les
exploits
de
commandement, procs-verbaux de saisie et
de tout autre acte dexcution, charge pour
lopposant de faire parvenir au greffe, dans
les quinze (15) jours lexpos sommaire de
ses moyens.
Umwanditsi wurukiko umenyeshejwe ko

urubanza rusabirwa gusubirwamo ahamagara
uwareze mbere mu buryo no mu gihe
byateganyijwe
namategeko
yerekeye
guhamagara ababuranyi.
The court registrar who receives the

application for opposition shall summon the
original plaintiff in the manner and time
provided for in the procedures governing
summoning of parties.
Le greffier qui reoit la dclaration

dopposition fait assigner le demandeur
originaire dans les formes et dlais prvus par
la procdure dassignation.
Ingingo
ya
158:
Ababuranyi
isubirishwamo ryurubanza
mu Article 158: Status of parties in opposition
Iyo urubanza rusubirishijwemo, ababuranyi In opposition, the parties shall remain with
baguma kuba bamwe, urega agakomeza kuba their original status in the trial; the plaintiff
urega nuregwa agakomeza kuba uregwa.
remains plaintiff and the defendant remains
defendant.
Article 158: La qualit des parties en cas

dopposition
En cas dopposition, les parties gardent leur
qualit originaire dans le procs ; le
demandeur reste demandeur et le dfendeur
reste dfendeur.
Icyakora, iyo uwasubirishijemo urubanza However, if the party who made opposition is Toutefois, si la partie qui a form opposition
yitabye wenyine, urukiko ruca urubanza the only one who appears, the court shall comparat seule, la juridiction statue sur base
134

rushingiye ku ngingo zaburanishijweho mu make its decision based on the elements des lments contenus dans la dcision
rubanza rwa mbere kimwe no ku ngingo contained in former judgement and the attaque et les moyens de dfense de la partie
zuwasubirishijemo urubanza.
grounds of defense of the opposing party.
opposante.
Iyo uwasubirishijemo urubanza atitabye, uwo
baburana asaba ko hagumishwaho imikirize
yurubanza rwa mbere, ariko bitabangamiye ko
yashobora no gusaba indishyi zihwanye nibyo
yatakaje akurikirana urubanza.
When a party who requested for the

opposition defaults to appear in court, the
other party may request for the confirmation
of the first judgement without prejudice to the
fact that he/she can ask for the damages
equivalent to the costs incurred.
Ingingo ya 159: Igihe cyo gusubirishamo Article 159: Time to apply for opposition
urubanza
Lorsque la partie qui a form opposition ne

comparat pas, lautre partie peut solliciter la
confirmation de la premire dcision
antrieure sans faire obstacle une demande
en dommages-intrts dus aux pertes
encourues.
Article 159: Dlai pour faire opposition
Uregwa waciriwe urubanza adahari agatsindwa

ashobora
gusaba
ko
urubanza
rwe
rusubirwamo mu gihe kitarenze iminsi cumi
nitanu (15) amaze kurumenyeshwa we ubwe.
An application for opposition may be made Le dlai pour faire opposition au jugement est
within fifteen (15) days from when a de quinze (15) jours qui suivent celui de la
defendant in person gets notice of the signification personne.
judgment.
Igihe atari we ubwe wimenyesherejwe

urubanza, ashobora gusaba ko rusubirwamo
mu gihe kitarenze iminsi cumi nitanu (15)
uhereye
igihe
uwo
wabimenyeshejwe
yabimenyeye.
If the notice of judgement was not served on

the defendant in person, the application for
opposition may be made within fifteen (15)
days from the date the judgement came to the
knowledge of that person who was notified.
Lorsque la signification na pas t faite

personne, lopposition peut tre faite dans les
quinze (15) jours, qui suivent celui o la
personne signifie a eu connaissance de la
dcision.
Iyo nta bimenyetso bigaragaza ko nyirubwite

yamenyeshejwe urwo rubanza, ashobora
gusaba ko rusubirwamo mu gihe kitarenze
iminsi cumi nitanu (15), iyo minsi ibarwa
kuva umunsi yamenyeye ubwe ko hagize
igikorwa cya mbere cyo kurangiza urubanza.
If it cannot be established that he/she was

notified of the judgment in person, he/she
may make an application for opposition
within fifteen (15) days from the date on
which he/she knew about the first act of the
execution of judgement.
Sil nest pas tabli quil en a eu

connaissance, le dfaillant peut faire
opposition dans les quinze (15) jours qui
suivent le premier acte dexcution dont il a
eu personnellement connaissance.
135

Nta na rimwe urukiko rwemera kwakira In no case shall an application for opposition En aucun cas, lopposition ne peut tre reue
isubirishwamo ryurubanza nyuma yirangizwa be received if the judgement has been aprs lexcution du jugement.
ryarwo.
executed.
Ingingo ya 160: Inkurikizi zurubanza Article 160: Effects of the judgement upon Article 160: Effet du jugement rendu sur
rwasubirishijwemo
opposition
opposition
Gusubirishamo urubanza bituma ingingo zari An opposition seeks a new judgement on the
zaciweho urubanza umuburanyi adahari issues decided by default, from the same
zongera gusuzumwa mu mizi nurukiko rwari court, based on facts and law.
rwaraciye urubanza.
Lopposition remet en question, devant la

mme juridiction, les points jugs par dfaut
pour quils soient nouveau status en fait et
en droit.
Urubanza rwasubirishijwemo ruteshwa agaciro The judgement that is subject to opposition Le jugement frapp dopposition est ananti
nurubanza ruruhindura.
shall be quashed only by the resulting new par la dcison qui le rtracte.
judgment.
Ingingo ya 161: Ihagarikwa ryirangiza Article 161: Suspending the execution of a Article 161: Effet suspensif dopposition
ryurubanza rwaciwe uregwa atitabye
default judgment as a result of opposition
Kurangiza urubanza rwaciwe uregwa atitabye
biba bihagaze mu gihe cyateganyijwe
gusubirishamo urubanza keretse iyo urukiko
rwagennye ko ruzarangizwa byagateganyo.
The execution of a default judgment shall be

suspended during the time period provided for
opposition except if the court determines that
it shall be provisionally executed.
Lexcution dune dcision rendue par dfaut

est suspendue de droit pendant le dlai prvu
pour former opposition, moins que
lexcution provisoire nen ait t ordonne
par ladite dcision.
Gusubirishamo, mu buryo no mu bihe

biteganyijwe namategeko, urubanza rwaciwe
uregwa atitabye bihagarika irangiza ryarwo
keretse
iyo
urukiko
rwagennye
ko
ruzarangizwa byagateganyo.
Opposition made in the procedure and time

period provided for by the Law shall suspend
the execution of judgement, unless the court
determines a provisional execution.
Lopposition forme dans les formes et les

dlais prvus par la loi contre une dcision en
suspend lexcution moins que lexcution
provisoire nen ait t ordonne par la mme
dcision.
136

Icyiciro cya 2: Ubujurire
Section 2: Appeal
Section 2: Appel
Ingingo ya 162: Umuburanyi ushobora Article 162: Party with the capacity to Article 162: Partie pouvant interjeter appel
kujurira
appeal
Umuntu wese wabaye umuburanyi mu rubanza
ku rwego rwa mbere ashobora kurujuririra iyo
abifitemo inyungu, keretse iyo amategeko
abigena ukundi.
Any person who was a party to the

proceedings in the first instance may appeal
the judgement if he/she has an interest
therein, except when the law provides
otherwise.
Toute personne qui a t partie dans un

procs au premier degr peut interjeter appel
contre la dcision rendue si elle y a intrt et
si la loi nen dispose pas autrement.
Icyakora, kujuririra imanza zibanziriza izindi

bikorwa gusa iyo urubanza rwiremezo
rwaciwe kandi bigakorerwa rimwe. Muri icyo
gihe, igihe cyo kujuririra urubanza rubanziriza
urundi gitangira kubarwa kuva ku munsi
urubanza wiremezo rwamenyesherejweho
umuburanyi.
However, the appeal against an interlocutory

judgement shall be made only jointly with the
final judgement. In this case, the time limit
for appealing against the interlocutory
judgment starts running from the date on
which the final judgment was notified to the
party.
Toutefois, lappel contre un jugement avant

dire droit ne peut tre interjet quaprs le
jugement dfinitif et conjointement avec
lappel de ce jugement. Dans ce cas, le dlai
dappel pour le jugement avant dire droit ne
court que du jour de la signification du
jugement dfinitif.
Ingingo ya 163: Igihe cyo kujurira
Article 163: Time limit for lodging an Article 163: Dlai dappel
appeal
Igihe ntarengwa cyo kujurira ni ukwezi kumwe

(1). Icyo gihe gitangira kubarwa, ku manza
zaciwe ababuranyi bombi bahari cyangwa ku
manza ababuranyi bamenyeshejwe umunsi
wisoma
ntibitabe,
kuva
ku
munsi
zasomeweho.
The time limit for lodging an appeal shall be

one (1) month. That time shall start running
from the day the final judgment was
pronounced in presence of both parties or
when the party did not appear after having
been notified of the day of the
pronouncement.
Le dlai dappel est dun (1) mois. Ce dlai

court partir du jour du prononc pour les
dcisions qui ont t prononces en prsence
de toutes les parties au procs ou, les parties
ayant t dment avises du jour du prononc,
ne se sont point prsentes.
Naho ku manza zaciwe umuburanyi adahari However, regarding judgements rendered in Pour les dcisions rendues par dfaut, le dlai
kandi ataramenyeshejwe umunsi wisomwa absence of one of the parties, such period dappel court partir du jour de la
137

ryurubanza, icyo gihe gitangira kubarwa kuva
umunsi yazimenyesherejwe ahawe urwandiko
rwimenyesha ubwe, cyangwa, rushyikirijwe,
iwe mu rugo cyangwa mu icumbi rye, umuntu
uhaba ufite nibura imyaka cumi nitandatu (16)
yamavuko.
shall start running from the date he/ she was

notified after receiving the notification letter
in person or served at his/her domicile or
residence or to a person who resides at his/her
home who is at least sixteen (16) years of age.
signification de la dcision la personne de la

partie perdante ou, son dfaut, son
domicile ou sa rsidence la personne ge
de seize (16) ans au moins qui y rside.
Iyo uregwa adafite aho atuye cyangwa aho

acumbitse hazwi amenyeshwa imikirize
yurubanza
hakoreshejwe
uburyo
bw
imenyesharuhame buteganyijwe ningingo ya
40 yiri tegeko. Umunsi wa mbere wiryo
menyesharuhame ni wo ntangiriro yo kubara
igihe cyo kujurira.
If the defendant has no known residence or

domicile, he/she shall be notified of the
judgement by public procedure mentioned in
Article 40 of this Law. The first day of that
public procedure shall be the starting point of
the calculation of the time limit of the appeal.
Si la partie perdante na ni domicile ni

rsidence connu, la signification du jugement
se fait selon le mode de signification par avis
public prvu par larticle 40 de la prsente loi.
Le dlai dappel commence courir ds le
jour de la signification par avis public.
Ingingo ya 164: Uburyo bwo kujurira
Article 164: Form of appeal
Article 164: Forme dappel
Hajurira umuburanyi, umuburanira cyangwa

uwo yahaye urubanza abivuze mu magambo
cyangwa abyanditse, akihitiramo kubinyuza ku
mwanditsi
cyangwa Perezida wurukiko
ajuririye cyangwa se burukiko rwamuciriye
urubanza ajuririra. Umwanditsi wurukiko
wakiriye ubujurire bukozwe mu mvugo
abikorera inyandiko.
An appeal shall be instituted by a party,

his/her counsel or his/her specially authorised
representative, by means of oral or written
declarations addressed either to the court
registrar or the President of the appeal court
or of the court which rendered the contested
judgement. The court registrar who receives
an oral declaration of appeal immediately puts
it into writing.
Lappel est form par la partie, son conseil ou

par son fond de pouvoir spcial, au moyen
dune dclaration verbale ou crite adresse
au choix de lappelant au greffier ou au
Prsident, soit de la juridiction dappel, soit
de la juridiction qui a rendu la dcision
attaque. Le greffier qui reoit une dclaration
verbale dappel en dresse immdiatement
acte.
Itariki yijurira ni umunsi umwanditsi cyangwa The date of the appeal shall be the date on La date de lappel est celle de la dclaration
Perezida wurukiko yakiriye ubujurire.
which the court registrar or the President of au greffe ou celle de la rception de la lettre
the court receives the appeal.
par le greffier ou le Prsident de la juridiction.
Umwanditsi
wurukiko
rwaciye
urubanza The court registrar of the court that rendered Le greffier de la juridiction qui a rendu la
138

rujuririrwa umenyeshejwe ko umuburanyi
ajuriye, abimenyesha mu gihe kitarenze
icyumweru kimwe (1) umwanditsi wurukiko
rujuririrwa kandi akamwoherereza dosiye
yose.
judgement who receives the declaration of

appeal shall inform the registrar of the appeal
court and transmit the complete file to
him/her within one (1) week.
dcision attaque qui reoit la dclaration

dappel, en avise endans une (1) semaine le
greffier de la juridiction de recours et lui
transmet le dossier complet.
Iyo ubujurire bushyikirijwe umwanditsi

wurukiko rujuririwe, ahita ako kanya,
amenyesha urukiko rwaciye urubanza arusaba
kumwoherereza dosiye yurubanza.
If the appeal is transmitted to the registrar of

the appeal court, he/she shall immediately
notify the court that rendered the judgement
requesting it to send the case file.
Lorsque lappel a t form devant la

juridiction dappel, le greffier de ladite
juridiction en avise immdiatement la
juridiction infrieure et lui demande de
transmettre le dossier complet.
Ingingo ya 165: Ibigomba kuba biri mu Article 165: Contents of an application for Article 165: Contenu de lacte dappel
nyandiko yubujurire
appeal
Ubujurire bugomba kuba burimo umwirondoro
wujurira, uwuregwa mu bujurire, kugaragaza
urubanza rujuririwe nurukiko rwaruciye,
kugaragaza urukiko rujuririwe ndetse byaba ari
ngombwa,
nibikorwa
byakozwe
mu
iburanisha byafasha mu kugena ikijuririrwa
nimpamvu yijurira.
An application for appeal shall contain the

identities of the appellant and of the
respondent, indicate the judgement challenged
and the court that rendered it, the appeal court
and, if necessary, the procedural acts that may
determine the subject matter and the grounds
of appeal.
Lacte dappel doit contenir lidentit de

lappelant, lidentit de lintim, lindication
de la dcision attaque et de la juridiction qui
la rendue, lindication de la juridiction
devant laquelle lappel est port et le cas
chant, les actes de procdure ncessaires
pour dterminer lobjet et le motif de lappel.
Inyandiko yubujurire ishyikirizwa ubwanditsi

bwurukiko numuburanyi ayijyaniye ubwe,
Avoka we, akayohereza mu nyandiko
ishinganye yandikiwe Umwanditsi Mukuru
wurwo rukiko cyangwa akoresheje uburyo
bwikoranabuhanga. Iyo ikirego cyakiriwe,
byandikwa mu gitabo cyabigenewe. Uwakoze
ubujurire ahabwa icyemezo cyuko bwakiriwe.
The document relating to an appeal shall be

filed in the registry of the Court by the
appellant in person, by the appellant`s
counsel, by registered mail addressed to the
Chief Registrar of the Court or by electronic
means. Upon receipt of an appeal, it shall be
registered in the register reserved for the
purpose. The appellant shall be given an
acknowledgement of receipt of the appeal.
Lacte dappel est dpos au greffe de la

juridiction par la partie ou son avocat, lettre
adresse par pli recommand au Greffier en
Chef de ladite juridiction ou par voie
lectronique. Mention de la rception de
lappel est porte au registre reserv cet
effet. Il est dlivr lappellant, un accus de
rception de lappel.
139

Ujurira kandi agomba gushyikiriza umwanditsi
wurukiko rwajuririwe cyangwa intumwa
yarwo ibya ngombwa byose kugira ngo
atumize uregwa mu rukiko rujuririrwa.
The appellant shall also submit all the

necessary information to the court registrar of
the appeal court or its baillif so that he/she
may summon the respondent to appear before
the appeal court.
Lappelant doit galement fournir au greffier

de la juridiction auprs de laquelle il a
intejett appel ou son dlgu, tous les
lments ncessaires pour assigner la partie
intime devant la juridiction dappel.
Ingingo ya 166: Kutakirwa kubujurire
Article 166: Inadmissibility of an appeal
Article 166: Irrecevabilit dappel
Umwanditsi wurukiko ntashobora kwakira The court registrar shall not accept the appeal Le greffier ne peut pas recevoir la dclaration
ubujurire ngo bwandikwe mu gitabo to be recorded in the register where:
dappel et lacter au registre si:
cyabugenewe mu gihe:
1 asanga nta ngwate yamagarama yatanzwe;
1 he/she establishes that no court fees were 1 constate que les frais de consignation
paid;
nont pas t verss ;
2 ubujurire bwakererewe hakurikijwe

ibiteganywa namategeko;
2 the appeal delayed in accordance with the 2 il y a eu forclusion de dlai ;

law;
3 hajuririwe icyemezo cyangwa urubanza

bitagishoboye kujuririrwa.
3 it was no longer possible to lodge an 3 la dcision nest plus susceptible dappel.

appeal.
Ingingo ya 167: Ubujurire bwuririye ku Article 167: Filing a cross appeal

bundi
Article 167: Appel incident
Uregwa mu rukiko rujuririrwa ashobora na we

kujurira yuririye ku bujurire bwurega mbere
yiburanisha cyangwa mu iburanisha, naho
yaba
yaramenyeshejwe
urubanza
rwe
ntagaragaze ko hari icyo arukemangaho.
Lintim peut interjeter un appel incident en

tout tat de cause, avant ou pendant
laudience, quand bien mme la dcision lui
aurait t signifie sans quil proteste.
The respondent may also file a cross appeal

before or during hearings, even if he/she did
not protest anything when he/she was served
with a copy of the final judgment.
Ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi bukorwa A cross appeal may be filed by the respondent Lappel incident est form par lintim tant
nuwarezwe mu bujurire bwerekeye ku against the appellant or against other contre lappelant que contre les autres
140

wajuriye cyangwa ku bandi barezwe mu respondents.It shall not be solely based on intims. Il nest pas seulement limit la
bujurire. Ntabwo bushingira gusa kugusaba obtaining compensation.
rclamation des dommages et intrts.
indishyi.
Ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi ntibushobora
kwakirwa mu gihe ubujurire bwibanze
butakiriwe cyangwa bwasibwe. Bwakirwa
gusa
iyo
budatandukanye
nikirego
cyashyikirijwe urukiko.
A cross appeal may not be received if the

principal appeal was not received or was
struck off from the court register. It shall be
admissible if it is not different from the filed
case.
Lappel incident ne peut tre reu si lappel

principal nest pas lui mme recevable ou a
t radi du rle. Il nest recevable que sil ne
soumet pas un litige diffrent de celui dont le
juge est saisi.
Ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi ntibutangirwa A cross appeal shall not be subject to the Lappel incident nest pas soumis la
ingwate yamagarama.
deposit of court fees.
consignation de frais de justice.
Ingingo ya 168: Ibuzwa ryibirego bishya ku Article 168: Prohibition to file new claims Article 168: Interdiction des demandes
rwego rwubujurire
at the appeal level
nouvelles en appel
Ku
rwego
rwubujurire
ntihashobora
kuregerwa ikirego gishya keretse kuregera
guhwanya imyenda, cyangwa gutanga ikirego
cyo kwiregura ku kirego cyibanze cyatanzwe
mu rukiko rwubujurire.
No new claim may be lodged at the appeal

level, unless it concerns compensation or the
new claim constitutes a defence to the
principal action before the appeal court.
Il ne peut tre form, en degr dappel,

aucune nouvelle demande, moins quil ne
sagisse de compensation ou que la demande
ne soit la dfense laction principale.
Icyakora, ababuranyi bashobora kwaka

inyungu, ibyishyuwe ku bukodeshe nibindi
bintu byinyongera byabonetse kuva aho
urubanza rwaciriwe, nindishyi zakababaro
zigihombo umuburanyi yagize kuva urubanza
ruciwe.
However, parties may claim interests, rents

and other accessories which were realised
since the pronouncement of the judgement
and moral damages for the loss suffered from
the time the judgement was delivered.
Toutefois, les parties peuvent demander des

intrts, arrrages, loyers et autres accessoires
chus depuis le prononc de la dcision et les
dommages intrts pour le prjudice subi
depuis le prononc de ladite dcision.
Ntibibujijwe ariko mu rwego rwubujurire It is not prohibited to submit in appeal new Il nest pas interdit, au niveau dappel, de
gutanga ingingo nshya zo kuburana cyangwa arguments or elements of evidence that were formuler des moyens nouveaux ou de dposer
ibimenyetso bishya bitaburanishijwe mu rwego not heard at the first level.
de nouvelles preuves qui nont pas t
141

rwa mbere.
soulevs au premier degr.
Ingingo ya 169: Inkurikizi yo gusubiza Article 169: Effect of an appeal to return to Article 169: Effet relatif de lappel
ikibazo uko cyari kimeze mbere
the former situation of a case
Ubujurire butuma ikibazo gisubira uko cyari An appeal shall have the effect of returning to
kimeze mbere yuko gicibwaho urubanza the situation a case as it was before the
rujuririrwa, ariko ku ngingo zajuririwe gusa.
pronouncement of challenged judgment, but
only as to issues that are the subject matter of
appeal.
Lappel a pour effet de remettre la cause

ltat o elle se trouvait avant le prononc de
la dcision entreprise, et ce, seulement sur les
points ayant fait objet de lappel.
Ingingo ya 170: Ingaruka yo kuburanisha Article 170: Effects of limiting the appeal Article 170: Effet dvolutif de lappel
mu bujurire mu mbibi zicyajuririwe
court on the subject matter
Urukiko rwajuririwe ruburanisha gusa
ubujurire mu mbibi zicyajuririwe. Rufata
icyemezo ku ngingo zatumye uwatanze
ubujurire ajurira cyangwa uwabwuririyeho na
we akajurira.
Ingingo ya
cyajuririwe
171:
Guhindura
The subject matter to be decided by the

appeal court shall be limited to what is in the
appeal. The court may only decide on the
issues brought forth by the appellant and
respondent at the appeal level.
Laffaire est dvolue la juridiction dappel

dans les limites fixes par lacte dappel. La
juridiction dappel ne peut statuer que sur les
chefs critiqus par lappelant ou par lintim
sur appel incident.
icyemezo Article 171: Overruling the appealed Article 171: Rformation de la dcision
decision
appele
Urukiko rwajuririwe iyo ruhinduye icyemezo

cyajuririwe, ruburanisha urwo rubanza mu
mizi yarwo keretse iyo ruruhinduye ku
mpamvu yuko rwaregewe mu buryo
budakurikije amategeko cyangwa ku mpamvu
yiburabubasha.
When the appeal court overrules the appealled

judgement, the court shall hear the case in
substance unless the overruling was done
because there were irregularities in lodging
the appeal or for lack of jurisdiction.
142
La juridiction dappel qui rforme la dcision

appele pour un motif autre que la saisine
irrgulire ou lincomptence du premier
juge, connat du fond de laffaire.

Ingingo ya 172: Kutaburanisha bundi Article 172: Court annulling the appealed Article 172: Absence dvocation
bushya urubanza
judgement
Urukiko
rutesheje
agaciro
urubanza
rwajuririwe ntiruruburanisha bundi bushya mu
mizi yarwo. Ababuranyi bashobora ariko
kongera kuregera bundi bushya urukiko rwo
ku rwego rwa mbere mu gihe bishoboka
gukosora amakosa aba yakozwe.
The court which annuls the appealed

judgement shall not hear it. The parties may,
however, file a new claim at the first level
court where there is possibility of correcting
the errors made.
La juridiction dappel qui annule la dcision

appele nvoque pas lensemble de laffaire.
Namoins, les parties au procs peuvent de
saisir de nouveau la juridiction de premier
degr au cas o il est possible de corriger les
erreurs commises.
Ingingo ya 173: Ihagarikwa ryirangiza Article 173: Suspension of execution of Article 173: Effet suspensif de lappel
ryurubanza kubera ubujurire
judgment in the appeal time limit
Irangizwa ryurubanza riba rihagaritswe mu
gihe cyo kujurira cyateganyijwe namategeko,
keretse
iyo
irangizwa
ryagateganyo
ryategetswe nurwo rubanza.
The execution of a judgment shall be

suspended during the time limit of lodging an
appeal provided by the law except if
provisional execution has been ordered by the
judge.
Lexcution dune dcision est suspendue de

droit pendant le dlai prvu pour interjeter
appel, moins que lexcution provisoire nen
ait t ordonne par ladite dcision.
Kujuririra urubanza iyo bikozwe bihagarika

irangizwa ryarwo, keretse iyo urwo rubanza
rwategetse irangizwa ryagateganyo cyangwa
rikaba ryarategetswe nurukiko rwubujurire,
mbere yo kurukemura.
Appeal against a judgement if respected shall

suspend its execution, except if that
judgement ordered for its provisional
execution or if it has been ordered by the
superior court before deciding on it.
Lappel interjet contre une dcision en

suspend lexcution, moins que lexcution
provisoire nait t accorde, soit par cette
dcision, soit par la juridiction dappel avant
de statuer au fond.
Ingingo ya 174: Andi mategeko akurikizwa Article 174: Other applicable laws before Article 174: Autres rgles applicables
imbere yinkiko zubujurire
appeal courts
devant les juridictions dappel
Usibye ibiteganyijwe ukundi niki cyiciro,
izindi ngingo zamategeko zikurikizwa imbere
yinkiko ziburanisha mu rwego rwa mbere
zinakurikizwa no mu nkiko ziburanisha mu
Unless otherwise provided for by this Section,

other provisions that are applicable before
first instance courts shall also apply to the
courts of appeal.
143
Sauf exceptions tablies par la prsente

section, les autres rgles tablies pour les
juridictions de premier degr sont observes
mutatis mutandis devant les juridictions

rwego rwubujurire.
UMUTWE
WA
II:
INZIRA
KUJURIRA ZIDASANZWE
dappel.
ZO CHAPTER
II:
EXTRAORDINARY CHAPITRE II: VOIES DE RECOURS
PROCEDURES OF APPEAL
EXTRAORDINAIRES
Icyiciro cya mbere: Gutambamira

urubanza rwabandi
Section one : Opposition by a third party
Section premire: Tierce opposition
Ingingo ya 175: Gutambamira urubanza Article 175: Third party opposition

rwabandi
Article 175: Tierce opposition
Gutambamira
urubanza
rwabandi,
ni
ugushaka ko ruvanwaho cyangwa ruhindurwa
bisabwe
numuntu
utararuburanye.
Gutambamira urubanza bireba gusa, bitewe
nuwabisabye, ingingo zasuzumwe anenga,
kugira ngo hasuzumwe bundi bushya uko
byagenze nuko amategeko abiteganya.
La tierce opposition tend faire rtracter ou

rformer une dcision au profit du tiers qui
lattaque. Elle remet en question, relativement
son auteur, les points jugs quelle critique
pour quil y soit nouveau statu en fait et en
droit.
A third party opposition seeks to quash or

change a judgement to the benefit of the third
party appealing against it. It brings back into
question, as relative to the applicant, the
issues challenged to be re-examined based on
facts and law.
Ingingo ya 176: Abemerewe gutambamira Article 176: Persons allowed to make a Article 176: Personnes pouvant faire la
urubanza rwabandi
third party opposition
tierce-opposition
Umuntu wese utareze cyangwa ngo aregwe mu
rubanza ariko afite inyungu, iyo ari yo yose
muri rwo, ashobora gutambamira urwo
rubanza rumurenganya ngo rusubirwemo iyo,
ari we cyangwa ari nabo ahagarariye nta
warutumiwemo.
Any person who was not a party to a case but

who has an interest in it may make a third
party application to set aside a judgement
which is prejudicial to his/her rights and if
neither he/she nor the person he/she
represents were called at the trial.
Quiconque na pas t partie au procs mais y

a un intrt quelconque peut former tierce
opposition une dcision qui prjudicie ses
droits, et lors duquel ni lui ni ceux quil
reprsente nont t appels.
Ibivugwa mu gika cya mbere cyiyi ngingo The provisions of the Paragraph One of this Les dispositions de lalina premier du
ntibireba uwashakanye numuburanyi cyangwa Article shall not apply to the spouse of the prsent article ne sappliquent pas au conjoint
abana babo mu gihe ikiburanywa ari umutungo either party or their children when the subject ou leurs enfants au cas o lobjet du litige
144

wumuryango.
matter is the family property.
porte sur le patrimoine familial.
Ingingo ya 177: Itambamirwa ryurubanza Article 177: Third opposition against Article 177: Tierce opposition en cas
rwabandi rusangiwe nababuranyi benshi
several joint parties
dindivisibilit des parties
Iyo urubanza rutambamirwa rusangiwe If there is indivisibility as to several parties in
nababuranyi
benshi,
itambamirarubanza regards to the judgment being attacked, the
ryakirwa gusa iyo bose barutumiwemo.
third party opposition shall be accepted only
if all the parties are summoned to the hearing.
Ingingo ya 178: Urubanza rutambamirwa
En cas dindivisibilit lgard de plusieurs

parties la dcision attaque, la tierce
opposition nest recevable que si toutes ces
parties sont appeles linstance.
Article 178: Judgement subject to third Article 178: Jugement susceptible de tierce
party opposition
opposition
Urubanza rwose rushobora gutambamirwa Any judgement shall be subject to third party Tout jugement est susceptible de tierce
keretse iyo amategeko abiteganya ukundi.
opposition, unless otherwise provided by the opposition moins que la loi nen dispose
Law.
autrement.
Ingingo ya 179: Igihe cyo gutambamira Article 179: Time limit for filing a third Article 179: Dlai pour faire une tierce
urubanza rwabandi
party opposition
opposition
Igihe cyo gutambamira urubanza utaburanye ni
amezi abiri (2) uhereye igihe utanze ikirego
yabimenyesherejweho. Na none, iyo hari
ikimenyetso icyo ari cyo cyose kigaragaza ko
yarumenye, igihe cyo kurutambamira ni amezi
abiri (2) abarwa uhereye umunsi ikimenyetso
kigaragaza ko utanze ikirego yarumenyeyeho.
If the third party was served with notice of the

judgment, the time limit for filing a third
party opposition shall be two (2) months from
the date of the notification. Likewise, if it can
be proved that he/she had knowledge of the
judgment, the time limit for filing the third
party opposition shall be two (2) months from
the date he/she was notified thereof.
145
Sil y a eu signification au tiers de la dcision

attaque, le dlai pour former la tierce
opposition est de deux (2) mois compter de
cette signification. De mme lorsquil peut
tre prouv quil en a eu connaissance dune
faon ou dune autre, le dlai pour former la
tierce opposition est de deux (2) mois
compter de la date laquelle il en a eu
connaissance.

Ingingo ya 180: Uburyo gutambamira Article 180: Procedure for third party Article 180: Mise en uvre de la tierce
urubanza rwabandi bikorwamo
opposition
opposition
Ikirego cyiremezo kigamije gutambamira A third party opposition which attacks the
urubanza kiregerwa mu rukiko rwaciye urwo judgement in principal action shall be brought
rubanza rusabirwa gusubirwamo.
before the court which rendered the contested
judgement.
La tierce opposition forme par voie daction

principale est porte devant la juridiction qui
a rendu la dcision attaque avec consignation
de frais de justice.
Iyo gutambamira urubanza bikozwe mu rwego When the third party opposition is made at the Si la tierce opposition est forme par voie
rwubujurire, icyo kirego gifatwa nkaho appeal level the case shall be considered as a daction principale au niveau dappel, elle est
gitanzwe mu rwego rwubujurire.
case in appeal.
considre comme une affaire en appel.
Urubanza rutambama rushamikiye ku rundi
rubanza rukiburanwa mu rukiko ntirugomba
gutangirwa igarama, umuntu apfa kubisaba
urwo rukiko iyo rureshya cyangwa rusumbye
urwaciye rwa rundi rukemangwa. Iyo
rutareshya na rwo cyangwa rutarusumbye,
ushaka
gutambamira
urubanza
atahamagawemo ngo rusubirwemo, agomba
kubitangira igarama mu rukiko rwaruciye.
A third party opposition which is incidental to

a case already pending before a court is not
subject to the payment of court fees, and is
made to such a court if it is at the same level
or superior to the one which rendered the
judgement. If the court is not at the same level
or is not superior to the one that rendered the
judgement, the third party opposition shall be
subject to payment of court fees.
La tierce opposition incidente une

contestation dont une juridiction est saisie est
forme sans consignation de frais de justice,
si cette juridiction est de mme degr ou du
degr suprieur celle qui a rendu le
jugement.
Si cette juridiction nest pas de mme degr
ou de degr suprieur celle qui a rendu la
dcision, la tierce opposition est porte, par
action principale, la juridiction qui a rendu
la dcision avec consignation de frais de
justice.
Gutambamira urubanza rwaciwe ntibihagarika An opposition by a third party shall not

irangiza ryarwo, keretse iyo rihagaritswe automatically suspend execution of the
nurukiko rwaregewe, bisabwe numuburanyi. challenged judgement, unless the execution is
suspended by the court upon request of one of
the parties.
La tierce opposition nest pas suspensive,

moins que, sur requte dune partie, la
juridiction saisie de la demande ne suspende
lexcution de la dcision.
146

Ingingo ya 181: Iburanishwa ryurubanza Article 181: Hearing of a third party Article 181:
rutambamirwa
opposition
opposition
Urukiko rushyikirijwe urubanza rutambamirwa
rushobora, rukurikije uko ibintu bimeze,
gukomeza
iburanisha
cyangwa
kuba
rurihagaritse.
Audience
sur
la
tierce
The court to which the contested judgment is La juridiction qui est saisie de la dcision
referred
may,
depending
on
the attaque peut, suivant les circonstances,
circumstances, proceed with the hearing or continuer le procs ou surseoir statuer.
suspend it.
Ingingo ya 182: Inkurikizi zurubanza Article 182: Effects of judgement accepting Article 182: Effets du jugement faisant
rwemera ko itambama rifite ishingiro
grounds of a third party opposition
droit la tierce-opposition
Urubanza rwemera ko itambama rifite
ishingiro rusubira ku rubanza rwatambamiwe
cyangwa
rukaruhindura
ku
ngingo
zibangamiye
uwarutambamiye
zonyine,
keretse
iyo
irangizwa
ryurubanza
rwatambamiwe nishyirwa mu bikorwa
ryurubanza
rwagize
icyo
ruhindura
bibangamiranye.
The judgement which accepts the grounds of

a third party application alters or reverses the
challenged judgement only on the points
which are prejudicial to the applicant, unless
the execution of the challenged judgement is
in contradiction with the execution of the new
judgement.
La dcision qui fait droit la tierce opposition

ne rtracte ou ne rforme la dcision attaque
que sur les chefs prjudiciables au tiers
opposant, sauf si lexcution de la dcision
attaque serait incompatible avec lexcution
de la dcision dannulation.
Iyo ingingo zibangamiye uwatambamiye

urubanza ari zo ziteshejwe agaciro, urubanza
rwa mbere rugumana agaciro karwo hagati
yabaruburanye no ku ngingo zateshejwe
agaciro.
If the changes are only as to the provisions

that were prejudicial to the third party, the
previous judgment remains in force between
the parties even as to the provisions that were
quashed.
Si lannulation ne porte que sur les chefs

prjudiciables au tiers opposant, la dcision
primitive conserve ses effets entre les parties,
mme sur les chefs annuls.
Icyakora, ibyemejwe mu rubanza rwitambama

bigira
agaciro
ku
baburanyi
bose
baruhamagawemo
kabone
niyo
baba
bataritabye.
However, the final court decisions in the third Toutefois, la chose juge sur tierce opposition
party opposition shall be binding on all parties lest lgard de toutes les parties appeles
who were called before the court for the linstance mme si elles nont pas comparu.
hearing even if they defaulted to appear.
147

Ingingo ya 183: Inzira zo kujurira ku Article 183: Procedures of appeal against a Article 183: Voies de recours contre une
rubanza
ruciwe
nurukiko
habaye third party opposition judgement
dcision rendue sur tierce opposition
itambamirarubanza
Urubanza
ruciwe
nurukiko
habaye
itambamirarubanza rushobora kujuririrwa
hakoreshejwe inzira zimwe nkizikoreshwa mu
kujuririra izindi manza.
A judgment rendered following a third party La dcision rendue sur tierce opposition est
opposition shall be subject to the same susceptible dtre attaque selon les mmes
procedures of appeal applicable to other voies de recours que les autres jugements.
judgments.
Icyiciro cya 2: Gusubirishamo urubanza Section 2: Case review

ingingo nshya
Section 2: Recours en rvision
Ingingo ya 184: Gusubirishamo urubanza Article 184: Application for review

ingingo nshya
Article 184: Recours en rvision
Gusubirishamo urubanza ingingo nshya ni An application for review seeks to have a

ugushaka ko urubanza rwaciwe burundu final judgment quashed and redecided on the
ruvanwaho hakongera gusuzumwa bundi facts and the law.
bushya uko ibintu byagenze nuko amategeko
abiteganya.
Le recours en rvision tend faire rtracter

une dcision passe en force de chose juge
pour quil soit nouveau statu en fait et en
droit.
Ingingo ya 185: Abemerewe gusaba Article 185: Parties allowed to apply for Article 185: Personnes pouvant faire du
review
recours en rvision
Gusaba gusubirishamo urubanza ingingo nshya An application for review can only be made Le recours en rvision ne peut tre demande
byemererwa gusa abantu babaye ababuranyi by persons who were parties to or represented que par les personnes qui ont t parties ou
cyangwa bahagarariwe mu rubanza rusabirwa in the challenged judgment.
reprsentes la dcision attaque.
gusubirwamo.
148

Ingingo ya 186: Impamvu zituma habaho Article 186: Reasons for application for Article 186: Causes douverture du recours
review
en rvision
Urubanza rushobora gusubirishwamo ingingo An application for review can be made due to Le recours en rvision nest ouvert que pour
nshya kubera imwe muri izi impamvu:
one of the following reasons:
lune des causes suivantes:
1 habayemo uburiganya bwagize ingaruka
ku mikirize yurubanza, kandi bukaba
butarigeze bumenywa nuwatsinzwe mu
gihe cyiburana;
1 if there was fraud that had effects on the

judgment and it was unknown to the
losing party during the course of the
proceedings;
1 sil y a eu dol personnel ayant motiv la

dcision et qui tait inconnu de la partie
succombante en cours de linstance ;
2 baciye urubanza bashingiye ku mpapuro,

ku buhamya cyangwa indahiro byaje
kugaragara cyangwa kwemezwa nurukiko
ko ari ibihimbano nyuma yicibwa ryurwo
rubanza;
2 if the judgment was based on pieces of

evidence, testimony or oaths which were
subsequently recognised or declared by
the court to be false;
2 si on a jug sur des pices, tmoignages

ou serments ultrieurement reconnus ou
judiciairement dclars faux depuis la
dcision;
3 kuva aho urubanza ruciriwe habonetse

ibimenyetso bya kamarampaka bigaragaza
neza akarengane katewe nurubanza
rusabirwa gusubirwamo; icyo kimenyetso
cyaba kiri mu nyandiko zatanzwe mu
rubanza ariko urukiko ntirukibone cyangwa
cyaragaragajwe nyuma;
3if, since the time of rendering the

judgment, it was evident that there was
injustice due to the judgement for which
the review is sought, whether an element
of evidence was in the file but was not
noticed by the court or was revealed later;
3 si, depuis la dcision, il a t dcouvert

des pices dcisives qui dmontrent
suffisance linjustice de la dcision
attaque, que ces pices aient t
prsentes dans le dossier mais que le juge
ne les a pas vues ou quelles aient t
exhibes ultrieurement.
4 urubanza rushingiye ku rubanza 4 if the decision was based on a criminal

rwinshinjabyaha rwaje gukurwaho nyuma; judgement which was subsequently quashed;
4 si la dcision est fonde sur une

dcision rendue en matire rpressive qui
a t ensuite annule;
5 urubanza rushingiye ku byakozwe mu 5 if the judgment is based on procedural

iburanisha bikozwe mu izina ryumuntu done in the name of a person who did not
utarigeze atanga ubwo bubasha mu buryo explicitly or implicitly grant permission to
5 si la dcision est fonde sur un acte de

procdure accompli au nom dune
personne, sans quelle ait, soit donn
149

ubwo ari bwo bwose, cyangwa ngo yemere approve or confirm what was done.
cyangwa yemeze ibyakozwe;
6 mu icibwa ryurubanza hakozwe amakosa 6 if, during the hearing, there were errors
akabije yo kwitiranya uko ibintu byagenze committed based on confusion about the
cyangwa hashingiwe ku itegeko ritariho.
situation of facts or basing on a non existing
law.
Ingingo ya 187: Igihe cyo gusubirishamo Article 187: Time limit to apply for review
Igihe ntarengwa cyo kuregera gusubirishamo
urubanza ingingo nshya rwaciwe burundu ni
amezi abiri (2) kuva igihe impamvu ituma
urwo rubanza rusabirwa gusubirwamo
yabonekeye.
mandat exprs ou tacite cette fin, soit

ratifi ou confirm ce qui a t fait ;
6sil ya eu une mauvaise qualification
des faits ou application dune loi
inexistente.
Article 187: Dlai pour former recours en

rvision
The time limit within which to apply for Le dlai pour faire recours en rvision est de
review shall be two (2) months starting from deux (2) mois dater du jour de la dcouverte
the date of the discovery of the fact giving de la cause qui donne ouverture ce recours.
rise to the review.
Icyo gihe ntikibarwa ku bantu badafite This time limit shall not apply to persons Ce dlai ne court pas contre les incapables
ububasha bwo kwirengera mu gihe cyose baba declared incapable during the period of their pendant la dure de leur incapacit.
batarabubona.
incapacity.
Iyo umuburanyi wari ufite uburenganzira bwo
gusubirishamo urubanza ingingo nshya apfuye,
mbere
yigihe
cyateganyijwe
mu
kurusubirishamo, icyo gihe cyari gisanzwe
cyongererwaho igihe cyamezi cumi nabiri
(12) ku bagomba kumuzungura.
In the case of the death of a party having the

right to sue for review before the time
allowed for its application has run, this time
limit shall be extended by twelve (12) months
in favour of his/her heirs.
En cas de dcs de la partie qui avait droit de

faire recours en rvision, avant lexpiration du
dlai prvu, ce dlai est prorog de douze (12)
mois en faveur de ses hritiers.
Ingingo ya 188: Itangwa ryikirego kigamije Article 188: Filing an application for Article 188: Introduction dune demande
review
de recours en rvision
Ikirego
kigamije
gusubirishamo
urubanza The rules relating to the payment of court fees Le recours en rvision est soumis aux
150

ingingo nshya cyubahiriza imihango yitangwa shall apply to the application for review.
ryigarama.
formalits de la consignation des frais de

justice.
Gitangwa mu nzira zimwe nkizubahirizwa mu An application for review shall be instituted

gutanga ibindi birego byibanze.
through the same procedure as ordinary
proceedings.
Iyo gitanzwe mu bujurire gifatwa nkikirego When it is instituted at the appeal level, it
cyo mu rwego rwo mu bujurire.
shall be considered as a case in appeal.
Elle est forme par voie dacte introductif

dinstance.
Ingingo ya 189: Urukiko ruburanisha Article 189: Competent

ikirego gisaba gusubirishamo urubanza applications for review
ingingo nshya
court
Lorsquelle est introduite au niveau dappel,

elle est considre comme une affaire en
appel.
for Article 189: Juridiction comptente pour

connatre dune demande en rvision
Ikirego cyiremezo cyo gusaba ko urubanza

rwaciwe burundu rusubirishwamo ingingo
nshya kijyanwa mu rukiko rwaciye urwo
rubanza ariko rugizwe nundi cyangwa abandi
bacamanza bataruburanishije.
The application for review of a final judgment

shall be brought before the same court that
rendered it but with a judge or judges that did
not preside over the hearing.
La demande en rvision principale est porte

devant la juridiction qui a rendu en dernier
ressort la dcision attaque, autrement
compose.
Iyo gishamikiye ku rubanza ruri mu rukiko

rutaciye urubanza rusabirwa gusubirishwamo
ingingo nshya, abacamanza batandukanya izo
manza zombi, bakohereza mu rukiko rubifitiye
ububasha bashingiye ku gika cya mbere cyiyi
ngingo kugira ngo rukemure icyo kibazo mu
ngingo zikiburanwa, keretse hagize izindi
mpamvu zituma baba baretse guca urubanza
cyangwa zibatera kutita kuri icyo kibazo
cyingobotsi bagakiza urubanza rwikirego cya
mbere.
If it is incidental to a case pending before a

court other than the one which rendered the
contested judgment, the judges shall separate
and refer the substance matter of the objection
to the competent court in accordance with the
Paragraph One of this Article in order to have
the issue determined on merits unless,
depending on other circumstances, they
decide to suspend or disrespect the case,
dismiss the incidental proceeding and proceed
with the original suit.
Si elle est incidente une contestation

pendante devant une juridiction autre que
celle qui a rendu la dcision attaque, les
juges prononcent la disjonction et renvoient le
fond de lincident la juridiction comptente
en vertu de lalina premier du prsent article
sauf, suivant les circonstances, surseoir ou
passer outre et statuer sur laction originaire.
151

Ingingo ya 190: Irangizwa ryurubanza mu Article 190: Execution of a contested Article 190: Excution du jugement en cas
gihe cyo gusubirishamo urubanza ingingo judgement pending the application for de recours en rvision
nshya
review
Gusubirishamo urubanza ingingo nshya
ntabwo birubuza kurangizwa, keretse iyo iryo
rangizwa ryahagaritswe bitangiwe impamvu
nurukiko rwaregewe gusubirishamo urubanza
ingingo nshya.
An application for review shall not prevent

the execution of the contested judgment,
unless the execution has been suspended by
the court to which the review has been
referred for justified reasons.
Ingingo ya 191: Kwakira gusubirishamo Article 191: Admissibility

Iyo ikirego gisabira urubanza rwaciwe burundu
gusubirishwamo ingingo nshya cyakiriiwe,
urubanza ruta agaciro, urukiko rwaregewe
rugaca urubanza rwicyaregewe mu ngingo
zarwo zose.
of
La rvision nempche pas lexcution de la

dcision attaque, sauf suspension motive
accorde par la juridiction saisie du recours en
rvision.
the Article 191: Recevabilit du recours en

rvision
If the review is admitted, the final judgement

shall be quashed and the court which heard
the application decides the case on merits in
its entirety.
Si le recours en rvision est dclar recevable,

la dcision attaque est mise nant et la
juridiction saisie statue sur le fond de la
contestation.
Iyo isubirwamo ryemewe ku ngingo imwe mu If the review is admitted on one issue, only Si la rvision nest justifie que contre un
rubanza, iyo ngingo ni yo yonyine ivanwaho, that issue shall be reviewed, except when it chef de la dcision, il est seul rtract moins
keretse iyo izindi ari yo zishingiyeho.
serves the basis for others.
que les autres nen soient dpendants.
Iyo gusubiramo urubanza bitemewe, urubanza
ruciwe rugomba gutegeka ko urubanza rwa
mbere rugomba kurangizwa nkuko rwaciwe
nta gihindutseho na busa.
If the review is not admitted, the judgement Si la rvision nest pas accepte, la dcision
rejecting the review shall order that the first doit ordonner que la premire dcision sera
judgement be executed exactly in accordance excute selon sa forme et sa teneur.
with its form and terms with no alteration
whatsoever.
152

Ingingo ya 192: Kutakira
rusubirishwamo ingingo nshya
urubanza Article 192: Inadmissibility

Ikirego gisabira urubanza rwaciwe burundu

gusubirishwamo ingingo nshya ntabwo
cyakirwa, iyo cyerekeye urubanza rwabisabiwe
mbere. Nticyakirwa kandi iyo cyerekeye
urubanza rwanze kucyemera cyangwa
urwaciwe nyuma yuko gusaba ko urubanza
rusubirwamo kubera ingingo nshya byemerwa.
of
the Article 192: Irrecevabilit du recours en

rvision
An application for review of a final

judgement shall not be admitted if it seeks the
review of a judgement rendered upon
application for review. It shall also not be
admitted if it is related to the judgement that
rejected the review or the judgement that was
rendered after the admission of the review.
Le recours en rvision nest recevable ni

contre la dcision dj attaque par cette voie,
ni contre la dcision qui la rejete, ni contre
la dcision rendue aprs quelle a t admise.
Ingingo
ya
193:
Ukutajuririrwa Article 193: lack of procedures of appeal Article 193: Absence de recours contre la
kwicyemezo gifashwe mu gusubirishamo against decision on the application for dcision rendue en matire de rvision
review
Icyemezo gifashwe mu gusubirishamo The decision on the application for review La dcision rendue en matire de rvision
urubanza ingingo nshya nticyemera inzira shall not be subject to any procedure of nest susceptible daucune voie de recours.
zubujurire izo arizo zose.
appeal.
INTERURO YA V: UBURYO BWO TITLE V: SURETY AND EXECUTION TITRE V: VOIES DE SURETE ET
GUSHINGANA NUBWO KURANGIZA OF JUDGEMENTS
DEXECUTION
DES
DECISIONS
IMANZA
JUDICIAIRES
UMUTWE WA MBERE: IRANGIZA CHAPTER ONE: EXECUTION
RYIMANZA NINYANDIKO
JUDICIAL DECISIONS AND ACTS
Icyiciro cya mbere: Ingingo rusange

Ingingo ya 194: Ingwate
byimukanwa nibitimukanwa
ku
Section One: General provisions
OF CHAPITRE PREMIER: EXECUTION

DES DECISIONS JUDICIAIRES ET
ACTES
Section premire: Dispositions gnrales
bintu Article 194: Security on movable and Article 194: Gage sur le patrimoine
immovable assets
mobilier et immobilier
153

Ibintu byimukanwa nibitimukanwa byurimo
umwenda ni ingwate rusange yabo abereyemo
umwenda, haseguriwe uburenganzira bamwe
baba bafite bwo kwishyurwa mbere yabandi
nubushingiye ku bugwate.
Ingingo ya 195: Impamvu
ryimanza cyangwa inyandiko
The movable and immovable assets of a

debtor shall constitute a common and general
security of his/her creditors without prejudice
to privileges and securities.
Le patrimoine mobilier et immobilier du

dbiteur constitue le gage gnral et commun
de ses cranciers, sous rserve des privilges
et srets.
yirangiza Article 195: Purpose of execution of Article 195: Raison dtre de lexcution
judgments or acts
des dcisions judiciaires ou actes
Irangiza ryimanza niryinyandiko rigamije

guha uwatsinze ibintu afitiye uburenganzira
bwo guhabwa, akabibona ubwabyo cyangwa
akabona ingurane.
The execution of judgments and acts are

intended to provide their beneficiary with the
privileges of his/ her right, either in kind or
the equivalent.
Lexcution des dcisions judiciaires et actes

a pour but de procurer au bnficiaire dun
des titres la ralisation effective de son droit,
soit en nature soit par quivalent.
Ingingo ya 196: Irangiza ryurubanza Article 196: Voluntary execution of a Article 196: Excution volontaire dune
cyangwa inyandiko rikorwa ku bushake
judgement or act
Irangiza ryurubanza rikorwa ku bushake iyo
urimo umwenda awishyuye atagombye
kubihatirwa. Bitabaye bityo, ategekwa
kwishyura ku gahato hakurikijwe uburyo
amategeko yabiteganyije kandi abayobozi
bireba bakabigiramo uruhare.
The execution is voluntary when the debtor

pays voluntarily the sum due. Otherwise, a
compulsory execution shall occur in
accordance with the legal provisions and with
the role of relevant public authorities.
Lexcution est volontaire lorsque le dbiteur

fournit spontanment la prestation laquelle
il est tenu. Au cas contraire, il est procd
lexcution force dans les formes lgales et
avec le concours de lautorit publique.
Ingingo ya 197: Irangiza ryurubanza Article 197: Compulsory execution of a Article 197: Excution
cyangwa inyandiko rikozwe ku gahato
judgement or act
Irangiza ryurubanza rikozwe ku gahato uko
ryakorwa kose ntirishobora kuba ridashingiye
ku nyandikompesha yanditswe kandi yatanzwe
bikurikije amategeko, bikagirwamo uruhare
Compulsory execution of a judgment,

regardless of the form it may take, can only
occur if the document authorizing it is drawn
and delivered in conformity with the law and
154
force
dune
Lexcution force, sous quelque forme

quelle soit poursuivie, ne peut avoir lieu
quen vertu dun titre dress et dlivr
conformment la loi et avec le concours des

nabayobozi bateganywa nitegeko
batabajwe mu nyandikompuruza.
kandi with the role of those public authorities autorits publiques dsignes par la loi et
provided for by the law and bearing an vises par la formule excutoire.
enforcement formula.
Ingingo ya 198: Inyandikompesha
Article 198: Enforcement orders
Article 198: Titres excutoires
Inyandikompesha ni imanza zaciwe ninkiko,

ibyemezo byabacamanza, imanza zinkiko
nkemurampaka,
inyandikomvaho
zirimo
ingingo zemerera uberewemo umwenda
kugurisha
icyagwatirijwe
bitagombye
urubanza,
inyandiko
zamasezerano
yerekeranye
namasoko
ya
Leta,
inyandikomvaho nimanza zinkiko zo mu
mahanga abacamanza bo mu Rwanda
babifitiye ububasha bemeye ko ziharangirizwa.
Enforcement orders shall be judgements and

other court orders, arbitral awards, authentic
deeds containing clauses permitting creditors
to sell mortgaged property without recourse to
judicial proceedings, public tender contracts,
authentic foreign deeds and judgements
bearing the exequatur formula by a competent
Rwandan judicial authority.
Les titres excutoires sont les jugements, les

arrts, les ordonnances, les sentences
arbitrales, les actes authentiques contenant la
clause de vente par voie pare, les contrats de
marchs
publics
passs
en
forme
administrative, les actes authentiques et
jugements trangers revtus de lexequatur
par lautorit judiciaire comptente.
Inyandiko zivugwa mu gika cya mbere cyiyi

ngingo ntizishobora kurangizwa ku gahato
keretse ziriho inyandikompuruza yashyizweho
kandi yasinywe numwanditsi wurukiko,
umucamanza cyangwa undi mukozi ubifitiye
ububasha, bishingiye ku butumwa rusange
bahawe nubutegetsi nyubahirizategeko.
Acts mentioned in paragraph One of this

Article shall not be subject to compulsory
execution unless they bear the enforcement
formula and be signed by a court registrar, a
judge or another competent public officer
generally with powers to do so by the
executing power.
Les actes viss lalina premier du prsent

article ne sont susceptibles dexcution force
que sils sont revtus de la formule
excutoire, appose et signe, en vertu dune
dlgation gnrale du pouvoir excutif, par
le greffier, le juge ou autre officier public
comptent.
Ingingo ya 199: Inyandikompuruza
Article 199: Enforcement formula
Article 199: Formule excutoire
Inyandikompuruza ijya kuri za matolewo

zimanza, ku byemezo byinkiko, ku nzandiko
zinkiko
ninyandiko
zindi
zishobora
kurangizwa zitagombye urubanza iba iteye
itya:
The enforcement formula to be affixed to La formule excutoire apposer sur

copies of judicial decisions and acts to be lexpdition des titres excutoires et des
executed without judgement shall be in the mandats de justice est ainsi libelle :
following nature:
155
Repubulika yu Rwanda, mu
ryàbaturage ...........................
izina The Republic of Rwanda, in the name of the Rpublique du Rwanda, Au nom du Peuple
People of Rwanda .
Rwandais
Isozwa kuri ubu buryo:..................................
And shall end in the following terms:
Et
termine
par
suivante..
la
formule
ku bwizo mpamvu, Repubulika yu Rwanda And for these reasons, the Republic of En consquence, la Rpublique du Rwanda
iramenyesha kandi itegetse Abahesha binkiko Rwanda informs and orders all court balliffs, mande et ordonne tous les huissiers, sur ce
bose, iyo babisabwe, kurangiza :
upon request, to execute:
requis, de mettre en excution :
- uru rubanza
- iki cyemezo
- iyi nyandikomvaho irangizwa nta rubanza
- this judgement
- this court order
-this authentic deed executed without a
judgement
- iyi nyandiko yamasezerano yerekeranye - this public tender contract
namasoko ya Leta
- this authentic deed issued in a foreign
- iyi nyandikomvaho yakorewe mu mahanga
country
- ledit jugement
- ladite ordonnance
- ledit acte authentique excutoire sans
jugement
- ledit contrat de march public
- uru rubanza rwaciriwe mu mahanga

- uru rubanza rwurukiko nkemurampaka.
- this judgment rendered in foreign country

- this arbitral award.
- ledit acte authentique pass ltranger

- ledit jugement ou arrt rendu ltranger
- ladite sentence arbitrale.
Irasaba kandi abashinjacyaha babisabwe

korohereza Abahesha bìnkiko mu kurangiza
uwo
murimo.
Iranasaba
abashinzwe
umutekano bose gutera inkunga abo bahesha
bìnkiko iyo babibasabye.
It also requests Prosecutors to assist the

bailiffs in fulfilment of such function and all
public security officers to offer support to all
those court balllifs if requested to do so.
Elle ordonne galement aux Officiers de

poursuite judiciaire dy tenir la main, tous
Officiers de force publique de prter mainforte lorsquils en seront lgalement requis .
In witness whereof, this

-judgment.....
-ordinance......
- enforcement authentic deed ...
- Public tender contract.....
En foi de quoi le (la) prsent (e) :

- jugement ..
- ordonnance
- acte authentique..
Hubahirijwe:
- urubanza .
- icyemezo.
- inyandikomvaho irangizwa nta rubanza.
156

- inyandiko z amasezerano yagiranywe na
Leta.
- inyandikomvaho yakorewe mu mahanga..
- urubanza rwaciriwe mu mahanga
- urubanza rwurukiko nkemurampaka...
- authentic deed issued in a foreign country;
- contrat de march public..
-judgment rendered in a foreign country.......;

- arbitral award....
- acte authentique pass ltranger

- jugement ou arrt rendu ltranger . ;
- sentence arbitrale.
Byashyizweho umukono na ....
Signed by ..
Sign par..
Mu gihe cyo gushyira inyandikompuruza kuri In affixing the enforcement formula to a copy Les mentions inutiles sont biffes au moment
matolewo cyangwa ku zindi nyandiko of judgment or other documents and orders, de lapposition de la formule excutoire.
nibyemezo hasibwa ibitari ngombwa.
unnecessary mentions shall be deleted where
applicable.
Ingingo ya 200: Ubufasha bwabayobozi bo Article 200: Assistance from administrative Article 200: Assistance des autorits
mu nzego z'ubuyobozi n'abashinzwe authorities and security forces
administratives et officiers des forces de
umutekano
lordre
Abayobozi bo mu nzego zubuyobozi
nabashinzwe umutekano biyambajwe mu
buryo bukurikije amategeko, borohereza
Abahesha
binkiko
kurangiza
imanza
ninyandiko biriho inyandikompuruza.
Administrative authorities and security forces,

legally requested to do so shall assist court
bailiffs charged with the execution of judicial
decisions and other legal instruments bearing
the enforcement formula.
Les autorits administratives et officiers des

forces de lordre lgalement requis prtent
mains fortes aux huissiers chargs de
lexcution des dcisions judiciaires et actes
revtus de la formule excutoire.
Ingingo ya 201: Abashinzwe kurangiza Article 201: Staff in charge of execution of Article 201: Agents chargs de lexcution
imanza, ibyemezo n'inyandiko ziriho judgements, orders and writs with an des dcisions judiciaires, des ordonnances
inyandikompuruza
executory formula
et autres actes revtus de la formule
excutoire
Abashinzwe kurangiza imanza, ibyemezo Those are empowered to execute judicial Les agents chargs de lexcution des
ninyandiko ziriho inyandikompuruza ni aba decisions, orders and acts affixed with the dcisions judiciaires, des ordonnances et
bakurikira:
executory formula shall be:
autres actes revtus de la formule excutoire
sont :
157

1 Abahesha
binkiko
bumwuga 1 Profesional court bailiffs appointed by an
bashyirwaho niteka rya Minisitiri ufite
order of the Minister in charge of Justice;
ubutabera mu nshingano ze;
2 Abahesha binkiko batari abumwuga
bakurikira:
a. Umuyobozi wa gereza;
b. Umunyamabanga
Nshingwabikorwa
mu Karere;
2 Non profesional court bailiffs who are the

following:
a. the Director of prison;
b. Executive Secretary of the District;
c. Umunyamabanga
wUmurenge;
Nshingwabikorwa
c. Executive Secretary of the Sector;
d. Umunyamabanga
wAkagari;
Nshingwabikorwa
d. Executive Secretary of the Cell;
e. umukozi wa Minisiteri
nshingano gukurikirana
ryimanza;
ifite mu
irangizwa
e. Officer of the Ministry in charge of

enforcement of judgement;
f. abungirije
abayobozi
bibiro
byubutabera bishinzwe kugira inama
abaturage;
f. Assistant coordinators of Access to

Justice Bureaus
g. abandi babihererwa ububasha

namategeko.
g. other officials determined by law.
Ingingo ya 202: Igihe imanza, ibyemezo Article 202: Period for executing judicial
cyangwa
inyandiko
ziriho decisions or acts bearing the executory
inyandikompuruza birangizwa
formula
Imanza,
ibyemezo
ninyandiko
1 les huissiers de justice professionnels

qui sont nomms par arrt du
Ministre ayant la justice dans ses
attributions;
2 les huissiers de justice non
professionnels suivants :
a. le Directeur de la prison;
b. le Secrtaire Excutif du District;
c. le Secrtaire Excutif du Secteur;
d. le Secrtaire Excutif de la Cellule ;
e. un agent du Ministre charg de

lexcution des jugements;
f. les assistants des coordinateurs

Maisons dAccs la Justice ;
des
g. dautres agents dtermins par la loi.

Article 202: Dlai dexcution des dcisions
judiciaires ou actes revtus de la formule
excutoire
Les dcisions judiciaires et actes revtus de la

ziriho Judicial decisions and acts affixed with the
158

inyandikompuruza birangizwa mu gihe
kitarengeje amezi atatu (3) kuva bisabwe
nuwatsinze urubanza cyangwa ufite icyemezo
bitagishoboye kujuririrwa, cyangwa kuva
bashyikirijwe
inyandiko
iriho
inyandikompuruza.
executory formula shall be executed in a

period not exceeding three (3) months of the
date the winning party or one with the courts
order so requests or from the date the act
affixed with enforcement formula is received.
formule excutoire sont excuts dans un

dlai nexcdant pas trois (3) mois partir de
la date laquelle la partie qui a obtenu gain
de cause dans un jugement, arrt ou
ordonnance qui nest plus susceptibles de
recours en fait la demande ou partir la date
de dpt de lacte revtu de la formule
excutoire.
Kutubahiriza igihe giteganyijwe mu gika

kibanziriza cya mbere cyiyi ngingo
bihanishwa
ihazabu
mbonezamubano
yamafaranga yu Rwanda kuva ku bihumbi
makumyabiri (20.000) kugeza ku bihumbi
ijana (100.000), bitabujije uwabikoze kuba
yacibwa indishyi zakababaro zikwiye
umuburanyi warenganyijwe niryo kosa
nibindi bihano biteganywa namategeko.
Failure to comply with the time limits

provided for by paragraph One of this Article
shall be liable to a civil fine of twenty
thousand Rwandan (20,000) to one hundred
thousand francs (100,000) francs without
prejudice to payment of due damages to the
injured party as well as other penalties
Le non-respect du dlai prvu lalina

premier du prsent article est sanctionn
dune amende civile allant de vingt mille
(20.000) cent mille (100.000) francs
rwandais sans prjudice des dommagesintrts qui peuvent tre dus la partie lse
et dautres sanctions prvues par la loi.
Icyiciro cya 2: Irangiza ku neza cyangwa ku Section 2: Voluntary or compulsory Section 2: Excution volontaire ou force
gahato ryibyemezo byinkiko cyangwa enforcement of a judgement or act
dune dcision judiciaire ou acte
inyandiko
Ingingo
ya
203:
Uburyo
irangiza
ry'ibyemezo byinkiko cyangwa inyandiko
rikorwa
Irangiza ryibyemezo byinkiko cyangwa
inyandiko rigomba gukorwa mu buryo no mu
gihe cyategetswe nibyemezo byazo.
Article 203: Modalities of executing court Article 203: Procdure de lexcution des
decisions or acts
dcisions judiciaires ou actes
Judgments must be executed in the manner Lexcution des dcisions judiciaires doit se
and time limits provided for in their rulings.
faire de la manire et dans les dlais prescrits
par leurs dispositifs.
159

Ingingo ya 204: Kurangiririza mu Rwanda Article 204: Exequatur
imanza
ninyandikomvaho
byo
mu
mahanga
Article 204: Exequatur
Uretse mu gihe haba hari amasezerano

mpuzamahanga abivuga ukundi, imanza
zaciwe
ninkiko
zo
mu
mahanga
ninyandikomvaho zo mu mahanga zakozwe
nababigenewe ntizishobora kurangizwa mu
Rwanda zitabyemerewe nUrukiko rubifitiye
ububasha.
Sans prjudice des accords internationaux

contraires, les dcisions judiciaires rendues
par les juridictions trangres et les actes
rendus par les officiers trangers ne sont
susceptibles dexcution au Rwanda que sils
y sont rendus excutoires par la juridiction
comptente.
Except where international agreements

provide otherwise, judgements ruled by
foreign courts and foreign deeds issued by
foreign officials shall not be subject to
execution in Rwanda, unless they are
rendered enforceable by the competent Court.
Ingingo ya 205: Kurangiriza mu Rwanda Article 205: Execution of court decisions Article 205: Excution des dcisions
ibyemezo
byinkiko
ninyandiko rendered and deeds made in Rwanda
judiciaires rendues et les actes passs au
byahakorewe
Rwanda
Imanza zaciriwe mu Rwanda ninyandiko
zahakorewe zivugwa mu ngingo ya 198 yiri
tegeko zishobora kurangirizwa mu ifasi ya
Repubulika yu Rwanda yose, nubwo irangiza
ryazo ritabera mu ifasi yurukiko rwaciye izo
manza cyangwa mu Karere izo nyandiko
zakorewemo cyangwa zandikiwemo.
Judgments rendered and deeds made in

Rwanda mentioned in Article 198 of this Law
shall be enforceable on all the territory of the
Republic of Rwanda, even if the execution
takes place outside of the territorial
jurisdiction of the court which rendered the
judgements or outside the District which
passed the deeds.
Les dcisions judiciaires rendues et les actes

passs au Rwanda viss larticle 198 de la
prsente loi sont excutoires sur tout le
territoire de la Rpublique du Rwanda encore
que lexcution ait lieu hors du ressort de la
juridiction qui a rendu les dcisions ou du
District qui a dress les actes.
Ingingo ya 206: Imanza zivanaho ifatira, Article 206: Judgments pronouncing a Article 206: Dcisions prononant une
zitegeka gusiba icyanditswe mu bitabo release, cancellation of an inscription or main-leve, une radiation dinscription aux
byabugenewe cyangwa kwishyura
payment
registres, ou un paiement
Imanza zivanaho ifatira, zitegeka gusiba Judgments pronouncing a release, the Les dcisions qui prononcent une main-leve,
icyanditswe
mu
bitabo
byabugenewe, cancellation of an inscription, a payment or une radiation dinscription aux registres, un
kwishyura cyangwa ikindi kintu kigomba any other act to be accomplished by a third paiement ou quelque autre opration faire
160

gukorwa nutari mu rubanza cyangwa kigomba
kumukorwaho ntizirangizwa nabandi bantu
batari mu rubanza cyangwa ngo zigire icyo
zibatwara hatabonetse matolewo nyakuri yazo
ninyandiko izimenyesha nyirubwite.
Ingingo
ya
207:
Ifatira
byimukanwa n'ibitimukanwa
party or under his/her responsibility shall not

be enforceable by or against such third party
except after the court has seen an authentic
copy of the judgment and the notification
thereof to the concerned party.
par un tiers ou sa charge ne sont excutoires

par les tiers et contre eux quau vu dune
expdition rgulire de la dcision et de lacte
de signification de celle-ci.
ryibintu Article 207: Seizure of movable and Article

207:
immovable property
immobilire
Nta bintu byimukanwa cyangwa bitimukanwa

bishobora gufatirwa burundu hatabonetse
inyandikompesha numwenda uzwi umubare
nyakuri kandi ugeze igihe cyo kwishyurwa.
Saisie
mobilire
ou
There shall be no seizure of movable or

immovable property unless the person has an
enforceable title of a liquid, certain and
payable debt.
Il ne peut tre procd aucune saisie

mobilire ou immobilire dfinitive quen
vertu dun titre excutoire et dune crance
liquide, certaine et exigible.
Iyo umwenda ugomba kwishyurwa utari If the payable debt is not a sum of money, all
amafaranga, nyuma yifatira, ntabwo uwurimo proceedings subsequent to the seizure shall be
akurikiranwa
uwo
mwenda
utaramara suspended until it is evaluated.
guhabwa agaciro.
Si la dette exigible nest pas une somme

dargent, il est sursis aprs la saisie, toute
poursuite ultrieure jusqu ce que
lapprciation en soit faite.
Ingingo ya 208: Impaka zishingiye ku Article 208: Disputes

irangiza ry'ibyemezo byinkiko
execution of a judgement
regarding
the Article 208: Contestations en rapport avec

lexcution dune dcision judiciaire
Impaka zishingiye ku irangiza ry urubanza

ryaba riri gukorwa cyangwa ryararangiye
zikemurwa nurukiko rwaruciye bwa nyuma
cyangwa urwemeje ko urubanza rwo mu
mahanga rurangirizwa mu Rwanda mu gihe
kitarenze iminsi cumi nitanu (15) guhera igihe
urukiko rwakiriye ikirego.
Disputes regarding the execution of

judgement shall be brought before the court
that rendered the final judgment or that made
a foreign judgement enforceable in Rwanda.
The court decides thereon within fifteen (15)
days of the date of receipt of the application.
Bene izo manza ntizijuririrwa.
Such judgements shall not be subject to La dcision rendue nest pas susceptible
appeal.
dappel.
161
Les contestations en rapport avec lexcution

dune dcision judiciaire en cours dexcution
ou dj termine sont portes devant la
juridiction qui la rendue en dernier ressort ou
celle qui la rendue excutoire au Rwanda.
La juridiction de jugement statue endans
quinze (15) jours compter de la saisine.

Ingingo ya 209: Urugomo rukorewe Article 209: Attack or harassment against Article 209: Atteinte contre un agent
ushinzwe kurangiza icyemezo cyurukiko
officer executing a court decision
charg de lexcution dune dcision
judiciaire
Ushinzwe kurangiza icyemezo cyurukiko
ugiriwe urugomo, urwo ari rwo rwose, akora
umurimo ashinzwe, yandika inyandikomvugo
yurwo
rugomo
akorewe,
dosiye
akayishyikiriza ubugenzacyaha.
An execution officer subject to any attack or

harassment while exercising his/her duties
shall make a statement of the resistance
against him/her and refer it to the judicial
police.
Lagent dexcution soumis tout acte

datteinte dans lexercice de ses fonctions
dresse un procs-verbal de rbellion et
transmet le dossier la police judiciaire.
Icyiciro cya 3: Irangiza ryurubanza

ryagateganyo
Section 3: Provisional execution of a Section 3: Excution provisoire

judgement
Ingingo
ya
210:
Igihe
irangizwa Article 210: Prohibition of provisional Article 210: Cas o lexcution provisoire
ry'urubanza ry'agateganyo ribujijwe
execution of judgement
est interdite
Irangizwa
ribujijwe:
ryurubanza
ryagateganyo Provisional execution of a judgement is Lexcution provisoire est interdite:

prohibited :
1 mu byerekeye amafaranga
yibyakozwe mu rubanza;
yose
1 in matters relating to all costs that was

incurred in the course of trial;
1 en ce qui concerne les condamnations

aux frais de justice;
2 mu byerekeye imimerere yabantu;
2 in civil status cases;
2 en matire dtat des personnes ;
3 mu byerekeye ibintu bitimukanwa, iyo ari

byo biburanwa;
3 in matters relating to immovable

property if it is the object of the litigation;
3 en matire immobilire,
limmeuble est lobjet du litige ;
4 mu byerekeye ibindi bintu nibihe

byateganyijwe nitegeko.
4 in all other matters and instances

provided for by the law.
4 en toutes autres matires et tous autres

cas dtermins par la loi.
162
quand

Ingingo ya 211: Igihe irangiza ry'urubanza Article 211: Case
ry'agateganyo ari itegeko
provisional execution
of
compulsory Article 211: Cas o lexcution provisoire

est de droit
Irangiza ryagateganyo rishobora gukorwa

niyo ryaba ritategetswe nurukiko, ku
byemezo byabacamanza bigomba kurangizwa
byagateganyo ubwabyo, cyane cyane:
Provisional execution may be made even if it

has not been ordered by the court, for those
decisions which require immediate execution
as of right, especially in orders given upon:
Lèxcution provisoire est poursuivie, mme

sans avoir t ordonne, pour les dcisions
qui en bnficient de plein droit dont
notamment :
1 ibyemezo ku birego byihuta;
1 court decision on summary proceedings;
1 les ordonnances de rfr ;
2 ibirego byagateganyo bitanzwe numwe

mu baburanyi;
2 provisional aplications given by one party 2 demandes provisoires par lune des parties
to the case;
au procs;
3 ibirego bisaba indezo no kurera abana mu

gihe cyurubanza rwubutane;
3 applications for maintenance allowance 3 les demandes relatives la pension

and custody of children in divorce cases;
alimentaire et la garde des enfants pendant
lìnstance en divorce,
4 imanza zemeza igihombo;
4 judgments given in bankruptcy cases;
4 la dcision rendue en matire de faillite ;
5 ibyemezo byurukiko bitegeka ko hafatwa 5 rulings which provide for protective 5 les dcisions qui prescrivent des mesures
ibyemezo
byagateganyo
mu
gihe measures in the course of proceedings.
provisoires pour le cours de lìnstance et
cyiburanisha.
celles
qui
ordonnent
des
mesures
conservatoires.
Ingingo ya 212: Igihe irangiza ry'urubanza Article 212: Provisional execution ordered Article 212: Cas o lexcution provisoire
ry'agateganyo ritangwa ntawurisabye
by court
est accorde doffice
Irangizwa ryagateganyo ryemezwa nurukiko Provisional execution order shall be issued by Lexcution provisoire est prononce doffice
rubyibwirije ndetse nta ngwate, iyo:
the court on its own motion, even without a et mme sans garantie :
security if:
1
ikimenyetso
cyikiburanwa
ari
1the evidence of litigation is an authentic

163
1lorsquil y a un titre authentique ;

inyandikomvaho;
2 ikiburanwa ari umwenda wemewe mu
rubanza nuregwa.
deed;
2the matter of litigation is the debt
acknowledged by the debtor in the case.
2lorsquil y a une dette reconnue devant

le juge.
Ingingo ya 213: Igihe irangiza ry'urubanza Article 213: Provisional execution upon Article 213: Cas o lexcution provisoire
ry'agateganyo ritangwa ari uko risabwe application by a party
est accorde la demande dune partie
n'umwe mu baburanyi
Haseguriwe ibivugwa mu ngingo ya 210, iya
211 niya 212 ziri tegeko, irangiza
ryurubanza
ryagateganyo
rishobora
gutegekwa gusa, bisabwe numwe mu
baburanyi, ku bintu byose byatsindiwe
cyangwa ku gice cyabyo, iyo basanga iryo
rangiza ryurubanza ritabaye bishobora
kwangiriza
ku
buryo
budasubirwaho
umuburanyi usabye ko urubanza rurangizwa
byagateganyo. Urubanza rutegeka irangiza
ryagateganyo rugomba kugaragaza igihombo
kidasubirwaho uwarisabye yagira aramutse
atabyemerewe.
Notwithstanding the provisions of Articles

210, 211 and 212 of this Law, provisional
execution may be authorized, upon
application by a party, on the whole or part of
the awarded, if it is found that lack of the
provisional execution is likely to result into
irreparable damage to the person applying for
it. The judgement ordering the provisional
execution shall justify the type of irreparable
damage the one who applies for it is likely to
suffer if not granted.
Sous rserve des dispositions des articles 210,

211 et 212 de la prsente loi, lexcution
provisoire peut tre autorise, sur demande
dune partie, pour tout ou partie de la
condamnation si labsence dexcution est de
nature causer un prjudice irrparable la
partie qui demande lexcution provisoire. La
dcision ordonnant lexcution provisoire doit
motiver la nature irrparable du prjudice que
subirait celui qui la demande si elle ntait pas
accorde.
Iyo urukiko rwemeje irangiza ryurubanza

ryagateganyo rivugwa mu gika cya mbere
cyiyi ngingo, rushobora gutegeka umuburanyi
usabye ko rurangizwa byagateganyo, gutanga
ingwate
ihagije
kugira
ngo
ihwane
nibisubizwa nindishyi. Ingwate yatanzwe
nuwasabye
irangiza
ryurubanza
ryagateganyo, isubizwa nyirayo igihe
nyirukwishyuzwa atanze iye.
When the court authorizes provisional

execution provided for in paragraph One of
this Article, it may order the party who
applied for the execution to furnish enough
security to meet all the possible refund and
reparations. The security furnished by the
party who applied for the provisional
execution shall be restituted to the owner as
soon as the debtor pays his/her deposit.
Lorsque la juridiction autorise lexcution

provisoire prvue làlina premier du
prsent article, la juridiction peut ordonner la
constitution par la partie qui demande cette
excution dune garantie qui devra tre
suffisante pour rpondre de toutes restitutions
et rparations. La garantie constitue par le
demandeur lèxcution provisoire
est
libre ds lìnstant o cette consignation est
164

effectue.
Urukiko, rukurikije uko umuburanyi abyifuza,
rwemeza uko ingwate ingana nuko imeze,
ishobora
kuba
nkiyumwishingira,
iyàmafaranga cyangwa impapuro zivunjwa
amafaranga.
The court shall determine, depending on what

the applicant for the provisional execution
offers, the amount and nature of the security
to be deposited which may be in the form of a
guarantor, an amount of money or a security
deposit of valuables.
La juridiction dtermine, sur offre du

demandeur lexcution provisoire, le
montant et la nature de la garantie qui pourra
consister notamment en une caution ou en un
dpt despces ou de valeurs.
Ingingo
ya
214:
Guhagarika Article 214: Suspension of provisional Article 214: Dfenses excution
irangizarubanza by'agateganyo mu rukiko execution before the appeal court
provisoire devant une juridiction dappel
rwajuririwe
Uwishyuzwa
ashobora
guhagarikisha A debtor may request suspension of Le dbiteur pourra viter que lexcution
irangizarubanza ryagateganyo mu rukiko provisional execution before an appeal court provisoire soit poursuivie en sollicitant,
rwajuririwe mu nzira zikurikira:
in the following ways:
devant le juge dappel :
1 gusaba ko irangizwa ryurubanza 1
to request the suspension of the
byagateganyo rihagarikwa kuko ryatanzwe provisional execution because it has been
mu nzira zinyuranyije namategeko;
ordered in a manner that is inconsistent with
the law;
1
s
soit la suspension dexcution provisoire
ordonne en dehors des cas prvus par la
loi ;
2 gusaba ko ashinganisha amafaranga 2

a security deposit of valuable sufficient
cyangwa impapuro zivunjwa amafaranga to cover the principal amount of the penalty,
bihagije kugira ngo bibe ingwate yibyo interest and costs awarded;
yatsindiwe;
2
s
soit la consignation des espces en valeurs
suffisantes pour garantir en principal,
intrts et frais, le montant de la
condamnation ;
3
s
soit que lexcution provisoire soit
poursuivie sur une partie du montant de la
condamnation si lexcution accorde pour
le tout nest pas justifie.
3 gusaba ko irangizarubanza ryagateganyo 3

only part of the total damages awarded
rikorwa ku gice kimwe cyamafaranga by the provisional execution to be paid if the
yagenwe mu rubanza aho kuba ku rubanza execution on the whole amount is unjustified.
rwose iyo irangizarubanza ryagateganyo
ryateganyijwe ku rubanza rwose ridafite
165

ishingiro.
Umucamanza uburanisha bene ibyo birego
bisaba
guhagarika
irangizarubanza
ryagateganyo abikora yubahiriza imihango
ijyanye niburanisha ryibirego byihutirwa.
The judge designated to hear such urgent Le juge dsign pour connatre de cette
requests of provisional execution of requte statue dans les mmes conditions
judgements shall do it in accordance with quen matire de rfr.
procedures for summary judgements.
Umucamanza
afata
icyemezo
nyuma The judge shall render his/her decision in Le juge saisi rend son ordonnance dans les
yamasaha mirongo ine numunani (48) forty-eight (48) hours after the closing of quarante-huit (48) heures qui suivent la
iburanisha risojwe.
hearings.
clture des dbats.
The claim requesting for the provisional
execution of judgement submitted during the
appeal is considered as a claim at the appeal
level and not appealable.
Une demande en suspension dexcution

provisoire formule en appel est considre
comme une affaire en appel qui ne peut tre
attaque par voie dappel.
Umucamanza
usuzuma
ikirego
gisaba The judge who examines the suspension of a
ihagarika ryirangizarubanza ryagateganyo provisional judgement cannot reject it on the
ntiyakwanga kugisuzuma yitwaje ko abona ko pretext that the appeal was delayed.
ubujurire bwiremezo bwakererewe.
Le juge qui connat de la demande en

suspension dexcution provisoire ne peut pas
la rejeter sous prtexte que lappel principal
lui parait tardif.
Ingingo ya 215: Ibitswa ryingwate
Article 215: Deposit of securities
Article 215: Dept de la consignation
Ingwate zivugwa mu ngingo ya 213 na 214

ziri tegeko, zibitswa kuri konti yìngwate
yabigenewe iri muri Banki Nkuru yIgihugu
cyangwa kuri konti yìyo Banki iri mu zindi
banki, iryo bikwa rigakurikiza uburyo
bwateganyijwe mu rubanza.
The deposits of securities mentioned in

Articles 213 and 214 of this Law shall be kept
in a special deposit account maintained in the
National Bank of Rwanda or in one of its
accounts maintained in other banks, in
accordance with the terms provided for by the
judgement.
Le dpt et la consignation viss aux articles

213 et 214 de la prsente loi seront effectus
sur un compte de dpts et consignations
ouvert la Banque Nationale du Rwanda ou
sur un compte de cette banque dans les autres
banques suivant les modalits fixes par la
dcision qui les tablit.
Ikirego gisaba guhagarika irangizarubanza

ryagateganyo gitanzwe mu bujurire gifatwa
nkurubanza ruri mu rwego rwubujurire
kidashobora kujuririrwa.
166

Icyiciro cya 4: Igihano gihatira kurangiza Section 4: Penalty forcing the execution
urubanza
Section 4: Astreinte
Ingingo ya 216: Igihano cyo kwishyura Article 216: Sentence to pay a fine for
amafaranga y' ubukererwe
delay payment
Article 216: Condamnation au paiement

dune somme dargent d au retard
Abisabwe numwe mu baburanyi, mu gihe

cyiburanisha ryimanza mbonezamubano,
izubucuruzi nizumurimo, umucamanza
ashobora, guteganya igihano cyo gutanga
amafaranga yubukererwe abazwe buri munsi,
buri cyumweru, buri kwezi cyangwa buri
mwaka kuwo baburana mu gihe azaba
atubahirije imikirize yurubanza rwiremezo,
bitabujije ko yacibwa indishyi zakababaro mu
gihe bibaye ngombwa.
Upon request by one of the parties, during

trial of civil, commercial and labor cases a
judge may, provide a sentence to the
adversary to pay a fine for delay payment
calculated on daily, weekly, monthly or
annual basis in case of failure to respect the
merits of judgement without prejudice to
payment of a fine of moral damages if
necessary.
Au cours de linstance civile, commerciale et

sociale, le juge peut, sur demande de lune
des parties, condamner lautre partie, pour le
cas o il ne satisferait pas la condamnation
principale, au paiement dune somme
dargent d au retard, raison dautant par
jour, semaine, mois ou an en vue de lamener
sexcuter promptement, le tout sans
prjudice des dommages et intrts, sil y a
lieu.
The payment for arrears provided in the

paragraph One of this Article shall start to be
calculated from the date following the one on
which the judgement is no longer subject to
appeal.
Ingingo ya 217: Kwakira ikirego gisaba Article 217: Admissibility of a claim
igihano gihatira kurangiza urubanza
requesting the penalty forcing the
execution
Lastreinte prvue lalina premier du

present article ne commence courir que le
lendemain du jour o le jugement excuter
est coul en force de chose juge.
Amafaranga yubukererwe ateganywa mu gika

cya mbere cyiyi ngingo atangira kubarwa
uhereye ku munsi ukurikira uwo urubanza ruba
rutagishoboye kongera kujuririrwa.
Article 217: Recevabilit de la demande

dastreinte
Ikirego gisaba icyo gihano kirakirwa nubwo The claim intended for the penalty forcing the La demande dastreinte est recevable mme si
cyaba gitanzwe bwa mbere mu gusubirishamo execution shall be admitted even if it is on the elle est forme pour la premire fois sur
urubanza cyangwa mu rwego rwubujurire.
first instance or during the appeal level.
opposition ou en appel.
167

Ingingo ya 218: Kwemeza umubare Article 218: Approval of the amount of Article 218:
w'amafaranga yigihano gihatira kurangiza money paid for the penalty forcing the dastreinte
urubanza
execution
Fixation
dune
somme
Umucamanza ashobora kwemeza ko igihano A judge may order that the penalty forcing Le juge peut fixer lastreinte soit une
gihatira kurangiza urubanza ari umubare the execution is a net amount of money or an somme unique, soit une somme payer par
mbumbe wamafaranga cyangwa se ko ari amount of money that shall be paid in a unit de temps que le juge peut dterminer.
umubare wamafaranga azajya atangwa period he / she shall determine.
nihashira igihe agennye.
Umucamanza ashobora kandi no kwemeza A judge may also approve a limited amount Le juge peut galement dterminer un
umubare ntarengwa wamafaranga yigihano of money for the punishment forcing the montant au-del duquel la condamnation aux
gihatira kurangiza urubanza.
execution of a judgement.
astreintes cessera ses effets.
Ingingo ya 219: Kugena igihe igihano Article 219: Determining the time upon Article 219: Accord du dlai de suspension
gihatira kurangiza urubanza kizaba which the forced execution is suspended
de lastreinte
gihagaritswe
Abisabwe nuwahawe igihano gihatira
kurangiza urubanza, umucamanza utanze
igihano gihatira kurangiza urubanza ashobora
kugenera uwabimusabye igihe icyo gihano
kizaba kiretse kubahirizwa.
Upon request by the party ordered to forcibly

execute the judgement, a judge that has
granted a punishment to execute the
judgement may determine time upon which
the execution shall be suspended.
A la demande du condamn lastreinte, le

juge peut lui accorder un dlai pendant lequel
lexcution de la condamnation lastreinte
est suspendue.
Ingingo ya 220: Kuvanaho cyangwa Article 220 : Canceling or suspending the Article 220: Suppression ou suspension
guhagarika byagateganyo igihano gihatira penalty of forced execution of judgement
provisoire de lastreinte
kurangiza urubanza
Bisabwe
nuwahawe
igihano
gihatira
kurangiza urubanza, urukiko rushobora,
ruregewe mu buryo bwibirego byihutirwa,
kukivanaho, kugihagarika byagateganyo mu
The court that imposed the penalty may, upon

summary proceedings by the penalised person
cancel, suspend it during a specified period or
reduce it, if the person ordered to pay finds it
168
La juridiction qui a ordonn lastreinte,

statuant dans les mmes conditions quen
matire de rfr, peut, la demande du
condamn, en prononcer la suppression, en

gihe rugennye cyangwa kukigabanya, iyo temporarily or permanently impossible to pay
uwagihawe atagishoboye burundu cyangwa se the total or part of the principal penalty
mu gihe iki niki kubahiriza imikirize awarded.
yurubanza
rwibanze,
atagishoboye
kuyubahiriza yose cyangwa igice cyayo.
suspendre le cours durant le dlai quelle

indique ou la rduire, si le condamn est dans
limpossibilit dfinitive ou temporaire, totale
ou partielle de satisfaire la condamnation
principale.
Urukiko ntirushobora kuvanaho cyangwa In so much as the penalty was acquired before Dans la mesure o lastreinte tait acquise
kugabanya igihano cyo kurangiza urubanza the impossibility occurred, the court shall not avant que limpossibilit se ft produite, la
igihe bisabwe cyararangije kubahirizwa.
cancel or reduce it.
juridiction ne peut ni la supprimer ni la
rduire.
Ingingo ya 221: Kubuza irangiza ryigihano Article 221: Effect of a penalty during the Article 221: Interdiction de lastreinte
gihatira kurangiza urubanza
bankruptcy
Igihano
gihatira
kurangiza
urubanza The penalty of forced execution of judgement Lastreinte ne peut tre encourue pendant la
ntigishobora kubahirizwa mu gihe uwagihawe is without effect during the bankruptcy of the faillite du condamn.
ari mu gihombo.
person ordered to pay.
Ibihano bitangwa mbere yicibwa ryurubanza The penalities ordered before the final Les astreintes encourues avant le jugement
rwemeza igihombo ntibibarwa mu gihombo.
judgement shall not be made part of the dclaratif de faillite ne sont pas admises au
liabilities of the bankrupt.
passif de la faillite.
Ingingo ya 222: Ihagarikwa ryigihano Article 222: Cease of the penalty of a fixed Article 222: Cessation de lastreinte une
cyamafaranga
gihatira
kurangiza sum
somme dargent
urubanza
Igihano
gihatira
kurangiza
urubanza
cyamafaranga atangwa mu gihe kigenwe
gihagarara iyo uwagihawe apfuye, ariko
ibihano
bihatira
kurangiza
urubanza
byarangiye mbere yuko apfa bigumana
agaciro kabyo. Abamuzungura nabandi bafite
The penalty of a fixed sum per unit of time

shall cease accumulating at the death of the
person ordered to pay, but those penalities
due before the death remain outstanding. The
penalties shall not apply against heirs and
other beneficiaries of the estate until the court
169
Lastreinte fixe une somme dtermine par

unit de temps cesse de courir partir du
dcs du condamn, mais les astreintes
encourues avant le dcs restent dues.
Lastreinte ne reprend cours contre les
hritiers et autres ayants droit du condamn

uburenganzira ku mutungo we bubahiriza icyo that imposed them has ordered so. The court quaprs que le juge qui la ordonne en aura
gihano gusa iyo byemejwe nurukiko rwari may change the amount payable and the mode dcid ainsi. Celui-ci peut en modifier le
rwarabitegetse. Urwo rukiko rushobora of payment.
montant et les modalits.
guhindura umubare wamafaranga nuburyo
bwo kuyatanga.
Bisabwe nabazungura be nabafite
ku mutungo we, ibihano bihatira
urubanza bishobora kuvanwaho
kugabanywa nurukiko rwabitanze,
bwagateganyo,
cyangwa
byanashoboka
ndetse
guhera
uwabihawe yapfiriyeho.
ububasha
kurangiza
cyangwa
ku buryo
burundu,
umunsi
UMUTWE
WA
RYIBYIMUKANWA
IFATIRA CHAPTER II: SEIZURE OF MOVABLE CHAPITRE II: SAISIES MOBILIERES

PROPERTY
II:
Icyiciro cya mbere: Ifatira ryagateganyo
Penalties to force the execution may, upon

application by heirs and other beneficiaries,
be cancelled or reduced by the trial court,
either temporarily or permanently, and if
necessary, with effect from the date of death
of the person ordered to pay.
Section One: Provisional seizure
Akiciro ka mbere: Ifatira ryagateganyo rya Sub-section

rusange
seizure
One:
General
Lastreinte peut, la demande des hritiers et

autres ayants droit, tre supprime ou rduite
par la juridiction qui la ordonne, soit
temporairement, soit dfinitivement et, le cas
chant, avec effet partir du dcs du
condamn.
Section premire: Saisie conservatoire

provisional Sous-section premire: Saisie conservatoire
gnrale
Ingingo ya 223: Ifatira ryagateganyo Article 223: Provisional seizure with or Article 223: Saisie conservatoire avec ou
rishingiye
cyangwa
ridashingiye
ku without enforcement order
sans titre excutoire
inyandikompesha
Umuntu uberewemo umwenda niyo atagira
inyandikompesha cyangwa icyemezo gihatira
uwumubereyemo kumwishyura ariko afite
icyemezo cya Perezida wUrukiko rwIbanze,
ashobora gushingana ibintu byimukanwa
byumubereyemo umwenda.
Any creditor, even without an enforcement

order, but with the authorisation of the
President of a Primary Court may seize the
movable property of his/her debtor.
170
Tout crancier, mme sans titre excutoire

peut, sans commandement pralable, mais
avec lordonnance du Prsident du Tribunal
de Base, faire saisir conservatoirement les
biens mobiliers de son dbiteur.

Ingingo ya 224: Icyemezo cyo gufatira Article 224: Court order for provisional Article 224:
byagateganyo
seizure
conservatoire
Ordonnance
de
saisie
Icyemezo
cyo
gufatira
byagateganyo
gitangwa na Perezida wurukiko iyo hari
impamvu zikomeye zatera gutinya ko urimo
umwenda yarigisa cyangwa akonona ibintu
bye byimukanwa cyangwa yizera ko ari bwo
buryo bwiza bwo kwemeza nyirumwenda
kwishyura.
An order for provisional seizure shall be

issued by the President of the court if there
are serious reasons to fear for the removal or
deterioration of the movable property of the
debtor or serious reasons to believe that it is
the procedure best suited to effect the
execution being sought.
La saisie conservatoire est autorise par

lordonnance du Prsident de la juridiction
sil y a de srieuses raisons de craindre
lenlvement ou la dtrioration des biens
mobiliers du dbiteur ou de prsumer que
cest la meilleure procdure de raliser
lexcution poursuivie.
Ifatira ryagateganyo rita agaciro iyo

ridakurikiwe, mu masaha mirongo ine
numunani
(48),
nikirego
cyiremezo
gishyikirijwe urukiko rubifitiye ububasha.
Provisional seizure shall become invalid if it

is not followed by the filing of the claim
before a competent court within forty- eight
(48) hours.
La saisie conservatoire est de nul effet si elle

nest pas suivie, dans un dlai nexcdant pas
quarante-huit (48) heures, de la saisine de la
juridiction comptente pour connatre du fond
de laffaire.
Urubanza mu mizi yikibazo iyo rurangiye

uwasabye ifatira ryagateganyo atsinze,
ruhindura
iryo
fatira
ryagateganyo
ifatirabwishyu.
Hakurikiraho kugurisha mu cyamunara mu
buryo bwateganyirijwe ifatirabwishyu.
The judgment on merits of the case shall Le jugement au fond devenu dfinitif
convert the provisional seizure into distraint.
convertit la saisie conservatoire en saisieexcution.
It shall be followed by a public auction in the Il est procd la vente aux enchres dans les
form provided for distraint.
formes tablies pour la saisie-excution.
Ingingo ya 225: Amategeko agenga ifatira Article

225:
Provisions
ryagateganyo
provisional seizure
Usibye amategeko yihariye akurikizwa mu
ifatira ryagateganyo ryihariye, ingingo
zikubiye muri aka kiciro zikurikizwa ku
mafatira yàgateganyo yose.
governing Article 225: Dispositions applicables en

matire de saisie conservatoire
With the exception of special provisions

applicable to provisional seizure, the rules
contained in this Sub-section shall be
applicable to all types of provisional seizure.
171
Sous rserve des rgles spciales applicables

aux saisies conservatoires particulires, les
rgles dictes la prsente sous-section
sappliquent
toutes
les
saisies
conservatoires.

Akiciro ka
ryihariye
2:
Ifatira
ryagateganyo Sub section 2: Special provisional seizure
F. Ifatiratambama ryagateganyo
F. Provisional seizure by garnishment
Sous section 2: Saisie conservatoire spciale
F. Saisie- arrt conservatoire
Ingingo
ya
226:
Ifatiratambama Article 226: Third party provisional
ryagateganyo mu maboko yundi muntu
seizure by garnishment
Article 226: Saisiearrt conservatoire
Perezida wurukiko rubifitiye ububasha rwaho

urimo
umwenda
cyangwa
umufitiye
amafaranga cyangwa ibintu ari ashobora,
abisabwe nuberewemo umwenda, kwemera
ko hakorwa ifatiratambama ryagateganyo mu
maboko yundi muntu utari umubereyemo
umwenda kugira ngo bidasubizwa nyirabyo.
The President of the competent court within

the juridiction of the residence of a debtor or
an involved third party may, upon application
by the creditor, permit third party provisional
seizure by garnishment, to be held in custody
of a third party, of the sum of money or
movable property belonging to the debtor in
favour of the creditor in order to prevent their
changing hands.
Le Prsident de la juridiction comptente du

domicile du dbiteur ou du tiers saisi, peut,
sur requte du crancier, permettre la saisiearrt conservatoire entre les mains dun tiers
des sommes et effets mobiliers appartenant au
dbiteur du crancier pour sopposer leur
remise.
Icyemezo cyifatiratambama ntigishobora

gutangwa na Perezida wurukiko uberewemo
umwenda adafite inyandikomvaho cyangwa
inyandiko bwite uwo mwenda ushingiyeho,
cyangwa ngo abe ashobora kugaragaza ku
bundi buryo ubwo ari bwo bwose ko uwo
mwenda udashidikanywa, ugeze igihe cyo
kwishyurwa kandi umubare wawo uzwi
cyangwa se ushobora guhera ko wemezwa na
Perezida wurukiko mu buryo bwagateganyo.
An order of the President of the court may

authorise the third party provisional seizure
by garnishment only if the creditor holds an
authentic or private title enabling him/her the
request this or if he/she can otherwise prove
that the debt is certain, due, liquidable or can
immediately and provisionally be ascertained
by the president of the court.
Lordonnance du Prsident ne peut autoriser

la saisie-arrt que si le crancier est dtenteur
dun titre authentique ou priv ou sil peut
tre prouv par tout autre moyen que la
crance est certaine, exigible et liquide ou
peut tre liquide immdiatement et
provisoirement par le Prsident de la
juridiction.
Perezida
wurukiko
afata
icyemezo The president of the court shall give the order Lordonnance du Prsident est prise dans un
cyifatiratambama mu gihe kitarenze amasaha within forty-eight (48) hours after the dlai nexcdant pas quarante-huit (48) heures
mirongo ine numunani (48) kuva abisabwe.
application.
compter de la saisine de la requte du
172

crancier.
Ingingo
ya
227:
Inyandiko Article 227: Writ for provisional seizure Article 227: Exploit de saisie-arrt
yifatiratambama ryagateganyo
by garnishment
Ifatiratambama ryagateganyo rikorwa mu
nyandiko yabigenewe ikorwa nUmuhesha
wInkiko. Iyo nyandiko igaragaza icyemezo
ifatiratambama rishingiyeho.
The provisional seizure by garnishment shall La saisie-arrt est faite par exploit dhuissier.
be brought into effect by a court bailiffs writ. Lexploit contient lnonciation du titre ou la
Such document shall mention the deed or the copie de lordonnance qui a permis la saisie.
order of the authorised seizure.
Ingingo ya 228: Inkurikizi yurwandiko Article 228: Effect of a writ for seizure by Article 228: Effet de lexploit de saisie rwifatiratambama
garnishment
arrt
Kuva
akimara
kubona
inyandiko
yifatiratambama rishingana, ubitse ibintu
byafatiriwe ntaba acyemerewe kwikuraho
amafaranga cyangwa ibindi bintu byafatiriwe.
Iyo abikoze ni we ufatwa nkurimo umwenda
watumye haba ifatira, bitabujije indishyi
zakababaro yasabwa nuberewemo umwenda,
bibaye ngombwa.
From the moment of receiving a writ for

seizure by garnishment, the third party in
possession of the attached property shall not
be allowed to part with the money or
valuables that make up the attached property,
or otherwise he / she could be himself /herself
considered as a debtor without prejudice to
damages and interest he/ she may be ordered
to pay to the creditor if necessary.
Ds la rception de lexploit de saisie- arrt,

le tiers saisi ne peut plus se dessaisir des
sommes ou effets qui font lobjet de la saisie,
peine de pouvoir tre dclar dbiteur pur et
simple des causes de la saisie sans prjudice
des dommages et intrts envers le crancier
sil y a lieu.
Ingingo
ya
229:
Kumenyesha Article 229: Informing the debtor of the Article 229: Dnonciation au dbiteur de la
ifatiratambama urimo umwenda
application for seizure by garnishment
saisie-arrt
Mu masaha mirongo ine numunani (48)
akurikira iryo fatira, uwafatiriye, abinyujije ku
muhesha winkiko, ategetswe kubimenyesha
umurimo umwenda yafatiriye ibintu kandi
akanamurega no mu rukiko rufite ububasha
bwo kuburanisha ikirego cyiremezo.
Within a period of forty-eight (48) hours

following the seizure garnishment, the
garnishor shall, through the court bailiff,
inform the debtor against whom garnishment
has been made and summon him / her to a
competent court.
173
Dans les quarante-huit (48) heures de la

saisie-arrt, le saisissant est tenu de la
dnoncer par voie dhuissier au dbiteur saisi
et de saisir la juridiction comptente pour
connatre du fond de laffaire.

Iyo uwafatiriye ataregeye urukiko rubifitiye If the garnishor fails to file the case to the Faute par le saisissant de saisir la juridiction
ububasha mu gihe giteganyijwe, iryo fatira court within the specified period, the seizure dans le dlai imparti, la saisie-arrt est nulle.
riburiramo.
by garnishment shall become invalid.
Iyo ubitse ibintu byafatiriwe atamenyeshejwe
ko byaregewe urukiko, ibikorwa byo
kwikuraho amafaranga cyangwa ibindi bintu
byafatiriwe
yari
afite
mbere
yuko
amenyeshwa ko urukiko rwaregewe, biba
bifite agaciro.
Ingingo
ya
230:
Gusaba
If the garnishee has not been informed of this Faute de dnonciation de cette saisine au tiers
application, parting with the money or other saisi, les paiements faits par lui jusqu la
valuable property that had been subject to the dnonciation sont valables.
garnishment shall remain valid.
urukiko Article 230: Lifting the seizure
Urimo umwenda wafatiriwe ibintu ashobora

gusaba urukiko kubimugomborera. Ibyo
abisabisha kurega no guhamagaza uwafatiriye
bikamenyeshwa uwo byafatiriwe mu ntoki.
The debtor whose property has been attached

may apply to the court for withdrawal. This
application shall be made by way of chamber
summons served upon the garnishor and the
garnishee shall be informed.
Article 230: Main leve de la saisie
Le dbiteur saisi peut demander la

juridiction de jugement la main-leve de la
saisie. Cette demande est forme par voie de
requte et est dirige contre le saisissant et le
tiers saisi en est inform.
Ingingo ya 231: Urukiko rufite ububasha Article 231: Competent court to order the Article 231: Juridiction comptente pour
bwo gusuzuma ibibazo bisaba kugombora lifting of seizure
dcider de la main leve
ibyafatiriwe
Ibibazo bisaba kugombora ibyafatiriwe Applications for lifting of seizure shall be Les demandes en main-leve de la saisie sont
bishyikirizwa urukiko rufite ububasha bwo filed in the court which is competent to try the portes devant la juridiction qui doit connatre
gukemura ikibazo cyumwenda ifatira case on which the seizure is based.
du fond de laffaire.
ryashingiyeho.
174

Ingingo
ya
232:
Gutegeka
ibyafatiriwe kuvuga uko bingana
ubitse Article 232: Ordering the ganishee to Article 232: Sommation du tiers saisi
dclarer la valeur des biens saisis
declare the value of seized property
Ubitse ibyafatiriwe ashobora gutegekwa The garnishee may be ordered by a court Le tiers saisi peut tre somm par lhuissier
numuhesha winkiko kuvuga uko ibyo abitse balliff to declare his/her value of goods in de dclarer la valeur des biens saisis lorsque
bingana, iyo ifatira ryategetswe.
his/her possession once the seizure by la saisie-arrt a t ordonne.
garnishment has been ordered.
Ingingo ya 233:
bibitswe nubifite
Kuvuga
ibyafatiriwe Article 233: Declaration of a garnishee of Article 233: Dclaration du tiers saisi des
goods in his/her possession
biens en sa possession
Ubitse ibyafatiriwe avuga ibyo abitse kandi

agahamya ko ntacyo abeshyaho, akabivugira
imbere yumwanditsi wurukiko rugomba
gusuzuma ikibazo cyumwenda ifatira
rishingiyeho.
The garnishee shall declare what property Le tiers saisi fait la dclaration et la certifie
he/she has in custody and certify its truth to sincre au greffier de la juridiction qui doit
the court registrar of the court that is to try the connatre du fond de laffaire.
case on the debt on which the garnishment is
based.
Ashobora
kandi
kubyandika
hepfo
yurwandiko rumutegeka kuvuga ibyo abitse
cyangwa akabyandikira umwanditsi wurukiko
mu rwandiko rushinganye mu iposita.
He/she may also make this declaration at the

bottom of the summons ordering him/her to
declare the property in his / her custody or by
registered letter addressed to the court
registrar.
Il peut aussi faire cette dclaration au bas de

loriginal de la sommation ou par lettre
recommande la poste ou ordinaire contre
rcpiss adresse au greffier.
Ingingo ya 234: Gusobanura neza ibintu Article 234: Detailed explanation of seized Article 234: Dclaration dtaille des biens
byimukanwa byafatiriwe bibitswe
movable property
mobiliers saisis
Iyo ifatira ryerekeye ibintu byimukanwa,
ubibitse ategetswe gushyira ku rwandiko
ruvuga ibyo bintu abitse urundi rusobanura
uko buri kintu muri byo kimeze.
If the seizure concerns movable property, the Si la saisie porte sur des biens mobiliers, le
garnishee must attach to his/her declaration, a tiers saisi est tenu de joindre sa dclaration
detailed inventory, indicating the conditions un tat dtaill desdits biens.
of each piece of property.
175

Ingingo ya 235: Umutungo wafatiriwe Article 235: Value of the property seized is Article 235: Biens saisis dont le montant est
urusha agaciro umwenda
superior to the value of the debt
suprieur la crance
Iyo bigaragaye ko amafaranga cyangwa ibindi
bifite agaciro nka yo byafatiriwe mu maboko
yùndi muntu utari urimo umwenda bifite
agaciro karenze umwenda, ifatira rigira agaciro
gusa ku bingana numwenda.
If it is proved that the value of the property

attached by garnishment is greater than the
debt, the seizure shall be valid only as to the
value equal to the debt.
G. Ifatira ryibyimukanwa byutishyuye

ubukode
G. Seizure a tenants movable property
Sil savre que des sommes, effets et biens

dtenus par le tiers saisi sont suprieurs au
montant de la crance, la saisie nest valable
quen concurrence de ce montant.
G. Saisie-gagerie
Ingingo ya 236: Igisobanuro cyifatira Article 236: Definition of seizure of Article 236: Dfinition de la saisie-gagerie
ryibyimukanwa byutishyuye ubukode
tenants movable property
Ifatira ryibyimukanwa byutishyuye ubukode
ni ishingana ribuza nyirubukode kurengana,
rimuha
uburyo
bwo
gushingana
no
kuzagurisha, urubanza rumaze gucibwa, ibintu
biri ahakodeshejwe.
The seizure of a tenants property is a seizure,

intended to protect the lessor, by allowing
him/ her to have the property in the rented
premises placed under the control of the court
and ultimately sold after the final judgment.
La saisie-gagerie est une saisie conservatoire

destine protger le bailleur en lui
permettant de placer sous la main de la justice
et de faire vendre, aprs jugement dfinitif,
les objets garnissant les lieux lous.
Ingingo ya 237: Gushinganisha ibintu biri Article 237: Attaching objects and other Article 237: Saisie- gagerie des effets et
mu nzu yakodeshejwe nibihingwa biri mu goods found in the leased buildings and on fruits se trouvant dans les btiments et les
mirima
the land
terres loues
Bene ibintu nabakodesheje na bo bagakodesha
nabandi inzu, bakabatira imirima cyangwa
ibindi bintu byakodeshejwe, bashobora
gushingana ibintu biri mu nzu yakodeshejwe
nibihingwa biri mu mirima yatishijwe,
cyangwa byahakuwe batabyemeye, ibyo
bakabigirira
ubukodeshe
butishyuwe
Owners and principal tenants of houses, land,

or other goods, which are leased, may, in
order to recover unpaid rents and dues, attach
objects and other goods found in the leased
buildings and on the land, or which were
removed without their consent.
176
Les propritaires et principaux locataires de

maisons, de terrains ou autres biens en
location, peuvent faire saisir-gager pour
loyers et fermages chus, les effets et fruits se
trouvant dans les btiments et sur les terres
loues, ou qui en ont t dplacs sans leur
consentement.

nibyatamurima bitatanzwe igihe cyarageze.
Ingingo ya 238: Amategeko agenga ifatira Article 238: Provisions governing seizure of Article 238: Dispositions rgissant la saisieryibyimukanwa byutishyuye
tenants property
gagerie
Ifatira ryibyimukanwa byutishyuye rikorwa
rikurikije amategeko agenga ishingana
hanyuma rigahindurwa ifatirabwishyu hamaze
gucibwa urubanza ku kirego cyiremezo.
H. Ifatira ryibintu byumugenzi
The seizure of tenants property shall be made

in the manner prescribed for distraint and
converted into a distraint after judgement of
the principal claim.
H. Seizure of an itinerants property
La saisie-gagerie est faite dans les formes

prescrites pour la saisie-conservatoire. Elle est
convertie ensuite en saisie-excution aprs le
jugement dfinitif sur la demande principale.
H. Saisie foraine
Ingingo ya 239: Igisobanuro cyifatira Article 239: Definition of the seizure of an Article 239: Dfinition de la saisie foraine
ryibintu byumugenzi
itinerants property
Gufatira
ibyumugenzi
ni
ugufatira
byagateganyo ibintu byumugenzi urimo undi
umwenda kandi udatuye mu Karere uwo
abereyemo umwenda atuyemo.
The seizure of goods of an itinerant is the

provisional seizure of an itinerant debtor and
who does not reside in the District of the
creditors residence.
La saisie foraine est une saisie conservatoire

dont le but est de placer sous la main de
justice les effets appartenant un dbiteur de
passage, tranger au District o demeure le
crancier.
Ingingo
ya
240:
Ifatira
ryibintu Article 240: Seizure of an itinerants Article 240: Saisie foraine sans titre
byumugenzi mu gihe nta nyandikompesha property without enforceable order
excutoire
ihari
Iyo nta nyandikompesha iriho, ufatira agomba
gusaba mbere icyemezo cyo gufatira,
abisabishije ikirego ashyikiriza Perezida
wurukiko rurushije izindi kuba hafi kandi
rufite ububasha nkubwurukiko rugomba
kwakira bene ibyo birego.
If there is no enforcement order, the distrainor

must first obtain permission to effect the
seizure on application addressed to the
President of the nearest court and which is
competent as the one responsible for hearing
such claims.
177
A dfaut de titre excutoire, le saisissant doit,

au pralable, demander lautorisation de faire
la saisie, par une requte adresse au
Prsident de la juridiction la plus proche du
lieu o la saisie doit tre effectue et ayant la
comptence similaire celle qui doit
connatre du fond de laffaire.

Icyakora, iyo iryo fatira ryibintu byumugenzi
rigomba gukorwa bwangu, bishobora guhera
ko bishinganwa mu buyobozi buvugwa mu
ngingo ya 201yiri tegeko, ariko ubishinganye
akagomba kubigeza ku rukiko mu gihe
kitarenze amasaha mirongo ine numunani
(48), na rwo rugahita rufata icyemezo.
However, if the seizure of an itinerants

property is urgent, it may start from the seized
property in the authority mentioned in Article
201 of this Law but the garnishee is required
to have deposited the property to the court in
a period not exceeding forty-eight (48) hours,
which shall immediately issue.
Toutefois, sil y a urgence, la saisie foraine

peut tre opre immdiatement par les
autorits vises larticle 201 de la prsente
loi, charge, pour le saisissant, den rfrer
dans un dlai nexcdant pas quarante-huit
(48) heures la juridiction qui statue toutes
affaires cessantes.
Ingingo ya 241: Inzira ifatira ryibintu Article 241: Procedure of seizure of an Article 241: Procdure de la saisie foraine
byumugenzi rinyuramo
itinerants property
Ifatira ryibintu byumugenzi rigengwa
namategeko yifatira ryagateganyo, uretse ko
kubanza gutegeka urimo umwenda kwishyura,
ibihe bikorwamo nindi mihango yose
ibanziriza ifatira byoroshywa bitewe nuko
umugenzi urimo umwenda yacika kandi
akajyana ibintu bishobora gufatirwa.
The seizure of goods of an itinerant shall be

governed by the procedure applicable to
seizure of goods, except that court order to
pay, the time limit and all other preliminary
formalities shall be simplified due to the risk
that the itinerant debtor may free and the
attachable property be removed.
La saisie foraine est rgie par la procdure de

saisie
conservatoire,
sauf
que
le
commandement, les dlais et toutes autres
formalits pralables sont simplifies en
raison du risque dvasion du dbiteur forain
et de lenlvement des meubles saisissables.
Ingingo ya 242: Guhindura ifatira ryibintu Article 242: Turning

seizure of an Article 242: Conversion de la saisie foraine
byumugenzi mu ifatirabwishyu
itinerants property into distraint
en saisie excution
Imihango yo gushingana iyo irangiye, ufatira
agomba kuregera urukiko rubifitiye ububasha
ikirego cyiremezo mu masaha mirongo ine
numunani (48) kugira ngo hemezwe umwenda
aberewemo.
Once the formalities of the seizure are

completed, the distrainor must make an
application for confirmation before a
competent court within forty eight (48) hours
of seizure.
Les formalits conservatoires une fois

accomplies, le saisissant est tenu de saisir,
endans quarante-huit (48) heures, la
juridiction comptente pour connatre du fond
de laffaire.
Urubanza rwa burundu ku kirego cyiremezo The definitive judgment on the principal suit Le jugement dfinitif convertit la saisie
rutuma ifatira rihinduka ifatirabwishyu iyo shall turn the seizure into distraint if the foraine en saisie-excution, en cas de gain de
uwareze atsinze.
plaintiff wins the case.
cause.
178

I. Ifatira ngaruzamutungo
I. seizure of recovered property
I. Saisie- revendication
Ingingo ya 243: Igisobanuro cyifatira Article 243: Definition of seizure of Article 243:
revendication
ngaruzamutungo
recovered property
Ifatira ngaruzamutungo ni uburyo nyirikintu
kimukanwa gifitwe nundi akoresha kugira ngo
agishyire mu maboko yubutabera agishingane
ngo cyoye kononekara mu gihe agitegereje
kuzongera kugisubirana no kugitunga mu
bwisanzure.
Ingingo ya 244:
ngaruzamutungo
Ikoreshwa
The seizure of recovered property is the

procedure whereby the person having a right
to recover movable property held by a third
party attempts to have it placed in the hands
of the court in order to ensure its preservation
until he/she will be able once again to enjoy
it.
The seizure of recovered property shall be

used every time that a person has a right to
follow and retrieve his or her property,
particularly when it has been stolen, lost,
converted, alienated, used against his/her will,
when a seller has not been paid for his/her
goods or when the property in a house
securing its guarantee were removed without
the consent of the landlord.
de
la
Recours
la
saisie-
La saisie revendication est utilise toutes les

fois quune personne a un droit de suite sur un
meuble notamment lorsque celui-ci a t vol,
perdu ou dtourn, alin, utilis contre son
gr, lorsque le vendeur au comptant na pas
t pay ou que les meubles formant le gage
du propritaire ont t dtourns de
limmeuble.
Ingingo ya 245: Ifatira ngaruzamutungo Article 245: Seizure of recovered property Article 245: Saisie-revendication
ridashingiye ku nyandikompesha
which is not based on an enforcement couverte par un titre excutoire
order
Ifatira ngaruzamutungo
nyandikompesha kugira
saisie-
La saisie-revendication est la procdure par

laquelle le titulaire dun droit de suite sur un
meuble corporel dtenu par un tiers tend le
faire placer sous la main de la justice pour en
assurer la conservation, en attendant quil soit
mme de jouir nouveau des prrogatives
que lui confie son droit.
ryifatira Article 244: Use of seizure of recovered Article 244:

property
revendication
Ifatira ngaruzamutungo rikoreshwa igihe cyose

umuntu afite uburenganzira bwo gukurikirana
icye no kukigarura ningoga, nkiyo cyibwe,
cyatakaye, cyanyerejwe, cyahawe undi muntu,
cyakoreshejwe atabyemeye, igihe ugurisha
ibihererekanywa
adahereyeko
yishyurwa
cyangwa iyo ibintu biri mu nzu bibereye
ingwate byayivanywemo nyirayo atabyemeye.
Dfinition
non
ridashingiye ku In order to be valid, the seizure of recovered La saisie revendication non couverte par un
ngo ryemerwe, property that is not based on an enforcement titre excutoire, doit, peine de nullit, tre
179

rigomba gutangirwa icyemezo na Perezida
wUrukiko rwIbanze rurushije izindi kuba
hafi. Icyo cyemezo gitangwa ari uko gisabwe.
Iyo gutegereza icyo cyemezo byabuza
nyirikintu kukigarura mu maguru mashya,
yiyambaza inzego zubuyobozi bwUmurenge
cyangwa bwAkarere zimuri hafi akazaba
abigeza ku rukiko mu gihe kitarenze amasaha
mirongo ine numunani (48).
order must be authorised by an order of the

President of the nearest Primary Court. The
order shall be issued upon request. If the
formality may delay the owner of the property
to recover it as soon as possible, he/she shall
seek the nearest administration authorities of
the Sector or, District and thereafter apply to
the court in a period not exceeding forty-eight
(48) hours.
autorise par une ordonnance du Prsident du

Tribunal de Base le plus proche. Cette
ordonnance est rendue sur requte. Si cette
formalit risque de compromettre le succs de
la revendication, la saisie est opre
immdiatement sur concours des autorits du
Secteur ou du District les plus proches
charge den rfrer la juridiction dans un
dlai nexcdant pas quarante-huit (48)
heures.
Ingingo ya 246: Urukiko ufite ububasha Article 246: Competent court for seizure of Article 246: Juridiction comptente pour
bwo kwemeza ifatira ngaruzamutungo
recovered property
connaitre de la saisie-revendication
Ikibazo cyo kwemeza ifatira ngaruzamutungo
gishyikirizwa Urukiko rwIbanze rwaho
ikigomba gufatirwa kiri, iyo kandi icyo kibazo
gisobetse
nurubanza
rugikungitswe
kikajyanwa mu rukiko rwaregewe urwo
rubanza.
The application to confirm a seizure of

recoverable property shall be brought before
the Primary Court of the place where the
property being attached is situated and, if it is
connected to a case that is already pending, to
the court before which the case is pending.
La demande en saisie-revendication est porte

devant le Tribunal de Base du lieu de la
situation de la chose saisir et, si elle est
connexe une instance dj pendante, devant
la juridiction saisie de cette affaire.
Ingingo ya 247: Amategeko agenga ifatira Article 247: Provisions governing the Article 247: Dispositions rgissant la saisiengaruzamutungo
seizure of recovered property
revendication
Ifatira ngaruzamutungo rigomba gukorwa mu
buryo bumwe nifatira ryagateganyo uretse ko
ufatira atagomba kubanza kwaka icyemezo cya
Perezida wurukiko kandi ko ari ubitse
igikurikiranywe
ari
nugikurikiranye
bashobora kugirwa abarinzi bacyo.
The seizure of recovered property shall be

made in the same manner as seizure of goods,
with the exception that there is no prior
requirement of an order by the president of
the court and that the custodian and the
garnishor may be appointed as their
custodians.
180
La saisie-revendication est pratique dans les

mmes formes que la saisie conservatoire,
sauf quil ny a pas de commandement
pralable de payer et que le tiers dtenteur ou
le saisissant peuvent tre constitus gardiens.

Ingingo ya 248: Ibisabwa umuntu ushaka Article 248: Requirements for a person Article 248: Conditions dexercer le droit
kugaruza ibye byafatiriwe
wanting to recover his/her property seized de suite sur les biens saisis
Kugira ngo ushaka kugaruza ibye abone
ububasha bwose bwo kubikurikirana ngo
azabisubirane burundu, agomba kugeza ikirego
cyiremezo mu rukiko rubifitiye ububasha mu
gihe kitarenze amasaha mirongo ine
numunani (48) amaze gukora ibya ngombwa
byose byatuma bitangirika.
For the plaintiff to have a definite right to

recover his/her property, he/she must, after
having taken all the required protective
measures, file the case before a competent
court within forty-eight (48) hours.
Pour que le poursuivant ait le droit dfinitif

consacrant lexercice de son droit de suite, il
doit, aprs avoir pris toutes les mesures
conservatoires ncessaires, dans un dlai
nexcdant pas quarante-huit (48) heures,
saisir la juridiction comptente pour connatre
du fond de laffaire.
Ingingo ya 249: Urubanza rwa burundu Article 249: Final judgement asserting the Article 249: Jugement dfinitif confirmant
rwemeza uburenganzira bwugaruza ibye
right of a plaintiff
le droit du propritaire revendiquant
Iyo urubanza rwa burundu rwemeye
uburenganzira bwugaruza ibye, aho gutegeka
ko babiteza cyamunara, rutegeka ko bisubizwa
nyirabyo cyangwa uko byari bimeze mbere.
J. Ifatira ryumwenda wubucuruzi
If a final judgment asserts the right of a

plaintiff to recover his/her property, instead of
ordering its auction, it shall order its
restitution to the plaintiff or to put them in
their original conditions.
J. Commercial seizure
Si le jugement dfinitif confirme le droit du

propritaire revendiquant, il ordonne, non pas
la vente, mais la restitution du meuble au
propritaire revendiquant ou sa rintgration
dans son premier tat.
J. Saisie commerciale
Ingingo ya 250: Igisobanuro cyifatira Article 250: Definition of commercial Article 250:
ryumwenda wubucuruzi
seizure
commerciale
Dfinition
de
Ifatira ryumwenda wubucuruzi ni ifatira Commercial seizure shall be made in favour La saisie commerciale est
rikorwa mu nyungu za:
of:
conservatoire opre en faveur:
1 ufite urwandiko rw ubucuruzi rutegeka
urimo umwenda kwishyura, urwandiko
rwamasezerano yubwishyu cyangwa rwa
sheki bitishyuriwe igihe kandi byakorewe
1 the bearer of a bill of exchange, a

promissory note or an unpaid cheque at
maturity, and that were confirmed to have
not been paid;
181
la
saisie
une
saisie
1 du porteur dune lettre de change, dun

billet ordre ou dun chque impay
lchance et couvert par un prott
rgulier;

inyandikomvaho ihamya ko bitishyuwe;
2 uberewemo umwenda ushingiye ku
gikorwa cyubucuruzi, mu gihe cyose
bigomba kwihutishwa, umwenda upfa gusa
kuba werekeye ibyubucuruzi, nubwo
uberewemo umwenda ashobora gutegekwa
gutanga ingwate.
2 a creditor whose right is based on a legal

commercial transaction, in all cases which
require expedition, on condition that the
debt be of a commercial nature, although
security may be required from the
creditor.
2 dun crancier dont le droit est n

loccasion dun acte de commerce dans
tous les cas qui requirent clrit,
condition que la crance soit commerciale
encore quune caution puisse tre exige
du crancier.
Ingingo ya 251: Ifatira ryumwenda Article 251: Commercial seizure in the Article 251: Saisie commerciale en cas
wubucuruzi mu gihe nta nyandikompesha absence of an enforcement order
dabscence du titre excutoire
iriho
Iyo nta nyandikompesha iriho, ifatira
ryumwenda wubucuruzi rigomba gutangirwa
icyemezo
cya
Perezida
wUrukiko
rwÙbucuruzi rwaho ifatira rigomba kubera.
In the absence of an enforcement order, the

commercial seizure shall be authorised by an
order of the President of the Commercial
court of the place where the seizure is
supposed to take place.
A dfaut de titre excutoire, la saisie

commerciale doit tre autorise par
ordonnance du Prsident du Tribunal de
commerce du ressort o la saisie doit tre
effectue.
Ingingo ya 252: Igurishwa ryicyafatiriwe
Article 252: Sale of seized goods
Article 252: Ralisation du bien saisi
Iyo uberewemo umwenda ashaka ko

icyafatiriwe
kigurishwa
kandi
adafite
inyandikompesha, agomba kurega uwumurimo
mu rukiko rubifitiye ububasha kugira ngo
abone inyandikompesha.
If a creditor wants to sell the seized goods but

has no enforcement order, he/she must first
sue the debtor before a competent court for
the purposes of obtaining the enforcement
order.
Si le crancier veut raliser le bien saisi, et

quil na pas de titre excutoire, il doit
dabord assigner le dbiteur devant la
juridiction comptente aux fins dobtenir un
titre excutoire.
Iyo amaze kubona inyandikompesha, akurikiza Once he/she has obtained an enforcement
amategeko yateganyirijwe ifatirabwishyu, order, he/she follows the procedure applicable
haseguriwe ayandi yihariye yubucuruzi.
to the distraint, without prejudice to special
rules prescribed by the commercial laws.
Muni de ce titre excutoire, il poursuit la

procdure comme en matire de saisieexcution, sans prjudice des rgles spciales
prescrites en matire commerciale.
182

Icyiciro cya 2: Ifatirabwishyu
Section 2: Distraint
Section 2: Saisie-excution
Akiciro ka mbere: Ifatirabwishyu rya

rusange
Sub-section One : General distraint
Sous-section premire : Saisie-excution

gnrale
Ingingo ya 253: Irangizwa ku gahato

ryurubanza
Article 253: Forced enforcement
Article 253: Excution force dune

dcision judiciaire
Iyo umuburanyi watsinzwe atarangiije

urubanza rwe ku neza mu gihe cyategetswe
rurangizwa ku gahato hafatirwa ibintu bye
bigatezwa cyamunara. Akaryozwa kandi
ikiguzi cyimirimo yakozwe mu kururangiza.
If a losing party does not voluntarily comply

with the execution of the judgment within the
required time limit, a forced enforcement
shall be made on his/her property by means of
seizure and auctioning. He/she also pays the
incurred cost during the execution of the
judgement.
Si la partie perdante nexcute pas

volontairement la dcision dans les dlais
impartis, il est procd lexcution force
sur ses biens, par voie de saisie-excution. Il
supporte aussi les frais inhrents lxecution
de la dcision.
Ingingo ya
kwishyura
254:
Icyemezo
gihatira Article 254: Court order to pay
Buri fatirabwishyu ryo kurangiza urubanza ku

gahato ribanzirizwa nicyemezo gihatira
kwishyura mu gihe kingana nibura namasaha
makumyabiri nane (24) kirimo imenyesha
ryinyandikompesha
yicyishyuzwa
niba
ritarigeze rikorwa.
Any distraint shall be preceded by a court

order to pay made at least in twenty-four (24)
hours prior to the seizure, and containing
notice of the enforcement order if it had not
already been notified.

Toute saisie-excution est prcde dun
ordre de payer au moins dans les vingt-quatre
(24) heures fait avant la saisie et contenant
signification du titre excutoire sil na pas
dj t notifi.
Ingingo ya 255: Abantu bagomba kuba Article 255: Parties to be present during Article 255: Parties prsentes au moment
bahari mu gihe cyifatira
the seizure
de la saisie
Umuhesha winkiko afatira ibintu ufatirwa The court bailiff shall proceed with the Lhuissier procde la saisie en prsence du
ahari, ufatira nabatangabuhamya babiri, seizure in the presence of the distrainee, the saisi, du saisissant et de deux tmoins qui
bagashyira umukono cyangwa igikumwe ku distrainor and two witnesses, who sign or who signent loriginal ou y apposent leur
183

nyandiko yiryo fatira. Icyakora, kuba shall initial fingerprint on the original copy of empreinte digitale. Toutefois, labsence du
ufatirwa, ufatira nabatangabuhamya badahari the seizure document. However, the absence saisi, du saisissant et des tmoins nest pas
ntibituma ifatira ritagira agaciro.
of the distrainee, the distrainor and the cause de nullit de la saisie.
witnesses do not lead to the nullity of the
seizure.
Ingingo ya 256: Ibikubiye mu nyandiko Article 256: Content of the statement of Article 256: Contenu du procs-verbal de
mvugo yifatira
seizure
saisie
Uretse ibisanzwe bikubiye mu nyandiko
zAbahesha
binkiko,
inyandikomvugo
yifatira ibamo ikindi cyemezo gihatira
kwishyura iyo ifatira rikozwe hari ufatirwa,
ikavuga ku buryo busobanuye neza ibintu
bifashwe numunsi bizagurishirizwaho.
The statement of seizure shall contain, apart

from ordinary declarations common to all
court bailiffs writs, a new order to pay and, if
the seizure is made in the presence of the
distrainee, a detailed description of the
property being seized and an indication of the
date of sale.
Kopi yinyandikomvugo ihabwa uwafatiwe A copy of the minutes shall be remitted to the
ibintu
hakurikijwe
uburyo
busanzwe party being seized in the ordinary manner
bukoreshwa
mu
gutanga
inyandiko prescribed for summons.
zihamagara.
Le procs-verbal de saisie contient, outre les

nonciations communes tous les exploits
dhuissiers, un nouveau commandement de
payer si la saisie est faite en prsence du
saisi, la dsignation prcise des objets saisis et
lindication du jour de vente.
Copie du procs-verbal est remise au saisi, de
la manire prescrite pour les assignations.
Ingingo ya 257: Ifatira ryibintu bikoreshwa Article 257: Seizure of property used in the Article 257: Saisie des biens servant
mu
kubyaza
umusaruro
umutungo operations of a business or of lands
lexploitation dun fonds de commerce ou
wubucururi cyangwa ubutaka
de terre
Igihe ibintu bifatiriwe byerekeye kubyaza
umusaruro umutungo wubucuruzi cyangwa
ubutaka, Perezida wUrukiko rwIbanze
abisabwe nufatira ashobora gushyiraho
ucunga ibintu byafatiriwe ari uko nyiribintu
cyangwa uwafatiriwe bamaze kugira icyo
babivugaho cyangwa bahamagawe.
In the case of the seizure of property used in

the operations of a business or of lands, the
President of the Primary Court may, upon
request by the distrainer, name a manager for
continuing the operations after hearing or
summoning the owner or the distrainee.
184
En cas de saisie de biens servant

lexploitation dun fonds de commerce ou de
terre, le Prsident du Tribunal de Base, peut,
la demande du saisissant dsigner un grant
pour lexploitation, le propritaire et le saisi
ayant t entendus ou assigns.

Ingingo ya 258: Ifatira mu gihe inzugi Article 258: Seizure where doors are closed
zifunze
Article 258: Saisie en cas de portes fermes
Iyo inzugi zifunze cyangwa se banze

gufungura ku bushake, Umuhesha wInkiko
yitabaza inzego zumutekano agafungura ku
ngufu. Iyo bateye amahane ku muhesha
wInkiko banze ko akora akazi ke cyangwa
banze icyo itegeko rivuga, akora inyandikomvugo yurwo rugomo akayishyikiriza
ubugenzacyaha.
Si les portes sont fermes ou si louverture en

est refuse, lhuissier se fait assister par les
services de scurit pour procder
louverture par force. Sil est fait contre
huissier des actes
de violence ou de
rsistance, il dresse un procs-verbal de cette
rbellion et transmet le dossier la police
judiciaire.
If the doors are closed or access is voluntarily

refused, the court bailiff shall seek assistance
from security organs to open by force. Where
acts of violence or resistance are made against
the court balliff, the latter shall make a
statement of such diversion and submit it to
the judicial police.
Ingingo ya 259: Gushyiraho umurinzi Article 259: Appointment of a custodian of Article 259: Constitution dun gardien des
wibyafatiriwe
a seized property
biens saisis
Umuhesha winkiko ashobora gushyiraho The court balliff may appoint a custodian of Lhuissier peut constituer un gardien des
umurinzi wibyafatiriwe akamusigira kopi seized property to whom a copy of the biens saisis auquel il est laiss copie du
yinyandikomvugo yifatira.
statement of the seizure shall be remitted.
procs-verbal de la saisie.
Inyandikomvugo
ishyirwaho
umukono The statement shall be signed or bear a Le gardien signe le procs-verbal ou y appose
cyangwa igikumwe numurinzi cyangwa fingerprint of the custodian or a mention be son empreinte digitale ou, dfaut, y
ikandikwaho impamvu zimubujije gusinya.
made of the reasons preventing him/her from mentionne les causes lempchant de signer.
signing.
Umurinzi ntashobora gukoresha no gushaka The custodian may not, under penalty of Le gardien ne peut, sous peine de dommagesinyungu mu byo yarindishijwe cyangwa damages, use or benefit from the property intrts, se servir ni tirer bnfice des objets
kubitiza. Iyo abigize acibwa indishyi under his/her custodianship.
confis sa garde.
zakababaro.
Ikiguzi cyuburinzi
urubanza.
gicibwa
uwatsinzwe The cost of custodianship shall be met by the Les frais de gardiennage sont charge de la
party that lost the case.
partie perdante.
185

Ingingo ya 260: Igice cyibintu byimukanwa Article 260: Unseizable movable property
kidashobora gufatirwa
Article 260: Biens mobiliers insaisissables
Igice cyibintu byimukanwa gishobora gutuma

ufatirwa yaba umutindi nyakujya akabera
umutwaro abandi baturage ntigishobora
gufatirwa.
The seizure of that portion of movable Est insaisissable la part des biens mobiliers
property which would expose the debtor to dont la saisie rduirait le dbiteur saisi la
extreme poverty or make him / her dependent misre et la charge de la communaut.
on the community, shall not permitted.
Ibi bintu rero ntibishobora gufatirwa:
The following shall not be subject to seizure :
Ainsi ne peuvent tre saisis:
1 ibiryamwamo nibyambarwa bya

ngombwa
kuri
nyirugufatirwa
numuryango we;
1 necessary beddings and clothings of the

distrainee and his / her family;
1 les objets de couchage et dhabillement

ncessaires au saisi et sa famille;
2 ibikoresho bya ngombwa mu murimo

ubeshejeho umuntu, mu mwuga cyangwa
mu murimo nyirugufatirwa nurugo rwe
babura ntibabeho;
2 tools which are essential for the vital

activity, profession, trade or personal
undertakings of the distrainee of which in
their absence he / she and his / her family
may not survive;
2 les outils indispensables lactivit

vitale, la profession, au mtier, ou au
travail personnel du saisi et de sa famille;
3 bibiri bya gatatu (2/3) byibiribwa

bitunze nyirugufatirwa numuryango we;
3 two thirds (2/3) of the food required for

the life and survival of the distrainee and
his / her family;
3 deux-tiers (2/3) des provisions de bouche

strictement ncessaires la vie et la
subsistance du saisi et de sa famille ;
4 igice cyumushahara amategeko

yumurimo avuga ko kidafatirwa na
kimwe cya gatatu (1/3) cya pansiyo
yumuntu utagira ikindi yiyambaza
cyatuma abaho.
4 quota of the total remuneration declared

unattachable by labor laws and one third
(1/3) of the pension of a worker who does
not have any other means of subsistence.
4 la quotit de la rmunration globale

dclare insaisissable par la legislation sur
le travail, et le tiers (1/3) de la rente ou de
la pension dune personne qui ne dispose
pas dautres moyens de subsistance.
186

Ingingo ya 261: Kugenzura ko ibyafatiriwe Article 261: Verifying the existence and Article 261: Vrification de lexistence et
bikiriho nuko bimeze
state of seized property
de ltat des objets saisis
Abyibwirije
cyangwa
se
abisabwe
nuwafatiriye, umuhesha winkiko ashobora
kugenzura ko ibintu byafatiriwe bikiriho nuko
bimeze.
A court bailiff may on his / her own initiative Lhuissier peut vrifier doffice ou lorsquil
or upon request by the distrainer, verify the en est requis par le saisissant, lexistence des
existence of the seized property and their objets saisis et leur tat.
state.
Ingingo ya 262: Ibihano
Article 262: Penalties
Article 262: Peines
Uwafatiriwe ibintu nundi muntu wese, wiba,

unyereza, ukoresha, wangiza cyangwa akica
ibintu azi ko byafatiriwe ahanishwa ibihano
biteganywa
nigitabo
cyamategeko
mpanabyaha.
The distrainee and any other third person who

steals, diverts, uses, damages or destroys
property knowing that it has been seized shall
be punished in accordance with the penal
code provisions.
Le saisi et les tiers qui soustraient, dtournent,

font usage, endommagent ou dtruisent des
effets quils savaient saisis sont punis selon
les dispositions du code pnal.
Ingingo
ya
263:
Igihe
ryibyafatiriwe rikorerwamo
igurishwa Article 263: Period for auctioning seized Article 263: Dlais de vente des biens saisis
property
Ibintu byafatiriwe ntibishobora kugurishwa The seized property cannot be auctioned Les biens saisis ne peuvent faire lobjet de
cyamunara mbere yiminsi itanu (5) before the expiry of five (5) days starting vente aux enchres avant cinq jours de la
cyamunara itangajwe.
from the day the auction is scheduled.
publication de la vente aux enchres.
Iyo bitagurishijwe ku munsi wa cyamunara If the sale does not take place on the date of
Umuhesha wInkiko ashyiraho undi munsi wa the auction, the court bailiff shall set another
cyamunara akawutangaza.
date for it and announce that date to the
public.
Si la vente na pas eu lieu au jour de la vente

aux enchres, lhuissier procde la remise
de la vente une autre date et en informe le
public.
Mbere yo guteza cyamunara umutungo

wimukanwa cyangwa utimukanwa ufite
agaciro kari hejuru ya miliyoni eshatu
(3.000.000) zamafaranga yu Rwanda,
Avant la vente aux enchres des biens

mobiliers ou immobiliers dont la valeur
excde trois millions (3.000.000) de francs
rwandais, lhuissier doit se faire assister par
Before the sale of movable or immovable

property with a value that exceeds three
millions (3,000,000) Rwandan francs, the
court bailiff has to look for an expert in
187

umuhesha winkiko agomba kwiyambaza
impuguke mu igenagaciro ryumutungo.
Amafaranga
yigihembo
cyimpuguke
yemezwa na Perezida wurukiko watanze
icyemezo cya cyamunara kandi akurwa mu
mafaranga ya cyamunara.
Ingingo ya
gikoreshwa
264:
Uburyo
property valuation. Fees allocated to the

expert shall be approved by the President of
the Court who ordered for public auction, and
shall be deducted from the sale price.
icyamunara Article 264: Auction modalities
un expert en valuation du patrimoine. Les

honoraires de lexpert sontt approuvs par le
Prsident de la Juridiction qui a ordonn la
vente publique et sont dduits du produit de la
vente.
Article 264: Modalits de la vente aux

enchres
Icyamunara gikoreshwa mu ijwi riranguruye

numukozi ugenewe kugurisha ibyafatiriwe
cyamunara kandi ababiguze bakishyura ako
kanya.
The auction shall be conducted in a laud voice La vente a lieu la crie de lagent des ventes
by a person who is authorised to conduct publiques et au comptant.
auctions, and the payment shall be effected
immediately.
Ikintu kirimo kugurishwa mu cyamunara

gihabwa utanze amafaranga menshi kurusha
abandi. Uguze mu cyamunara umutungo
wimukanwa, nyuma yo kwishyura, aherako
awegukana kandi ashobora kwandikisha ibyo
bintu ku izina rye ari uko amaze kugeza ku
rwego rubishinzwe kopi yinyandikomvaho
yemeza ubugure.
The property being auctioned shall be given

to the highest bidder. The successful
purchaser shall, after payment of auction
price, enter in possession of the purchased
movable property and register it in his/her
name after giving a copy of the deed of sale to
the competent organ.
Le bien mis en vente est adjug

lenchrisseur le plus offrant. Ladjudicataire,
une fois pay le prix de la vente, entre en
possession de la proprit mobilire acquise
et peut la faire enregistrer en son nom aprs
avoir remis lorgane comptent la copie de
lacte dadjudication.
Ingingo ya 265: Uruhare rwumuhesha Article 265: Responsibility of a court bailiff

winkiko
Article 265: Responsabilit de lhuissier
Umuhesha winkiko utishyuje amafaranga

yicyo amaze kugurisha, kandi ntiyongere
kukigurisha niba adahereyeko yishyurwa, ni
we ubazwa icyo kiguzi.
Lhuissier qui ne se fait pas payer le prix et

omet de remettre en vente lobjet adjug, sil
nest pas immdiatement pay, est
personnellement responsable du prix.
A court bailiff who shall not demand payment

of the sold property and not re-auction it in
case of non-payment is personally liable for
the price.
188

Ingingo ya 266: Inyandikomvugo yigurisha Article 266: Statement of the auction
rya cyamunara
Article 266: Procs verbal de vente aux

enchres
Ibikorwa byose byerekeranye no kugurisha

cyamunara, ndetse niyo ari ibitegura iryo
gurisha, no kuboneka cyangwa kubura
kuwafatiriwe ibintu, byose bishyirwa mu
nyandikomvugo.
Toutes les oprations relatives la vente,

mme si elles sont des oprations
prparatoires, ainsi que la prsence ou
labsence du saisi sont consignes dans un
procs-verbal.
Ingingo ya
cyamunara
267:
Guhagarika
All steps regarding the sale, even if they are

preparatory, as well as the presence or
absence of the distrainee shall be recorded in
the statement of the report.
guteza Article 267: Staying the auction
Article 267: Surseoir la vente aux

enchres
Iyo bigaragaye ko
ibintu byafatiriwe
biramutse bigurishijwe byahabwa igiciro
gikabije kuba munsi yagaciro nyakuri,
umuhesha winkiko, abisabwe nuwafatiriye
cyangwa urimo umwenda, ashobora gusaba ko
cyamunara ishyirwa ku wundi munsi.
When it is obvious that the seized property

under sale is likely to be sold at a too low
price, the court bailiff, upon request by the
distrainer, the distrainee, may postpone the
auction to another day.
Dans le cas o il est vident que les objets

saisis seraient vendus vil prix, lhuissier,
la demande du saisissant ou du saisi, peut
surseoir la vente.
Muri icyo gihe, Umukozi ushinzwe guteza

cyamunara
agena
undi
munsi
bizagurishirizwaho,
udashobora
kurenga
iminsi cumi nitanu (15) kandi agakora ibya
ngombwa byose kugira ngo hatagira
umuburanyi urengana.
In that case, the public auctioneer shall set

another day of auction not to exceed fifteen
(15) days and shall take all necessary
precautions to protect the interests of the
parties.
Dans ce cas, lagent des ventes publiques fixe

un autre jour qui ne peut dpasser quinze (15)
jours et prend les mesures ncessaires pour
sauvegarder lintrt des parties.
Kuri uwo munsi wemejwe ibyo

bigurishwa cyamunara byanze bikunze.
bintu The auction must then take place on the set Au jour fix, la vente a lieu tout prix.
date whatsoever.
189

Ingingo ya 268:
ryibyafatiriwe
Kubuza
igurisha Article 268: Objecting the sale of seized Article 268: Opposition la vente aux
property
enchres des objets saisis
Uvuga ko ibintu byafatiriwe byose cyangwa

bimwe muri byo ari ibye, ashobora kubuza
kubigurisha, abyandikira Perezida wUrukiko
rwaciye urubanza cyangwa akabivuga mu
magambo
mu
bwanditsi
bwurukiko,
bikamenyeshwa uwafatiriye nuwafatiriwe
ibintu numukozi ushinzwe kugurisha ibintu
cyamunara nibura mbere yuko igurisha
rirangira, kandi akerekana nibimenyetso
bigaragaza ko ibyo bintu ari ibye; atabikora
uko ntibigire agaciro.
A person who claims to be the owner of all or

part of the seized property may object to their
sale by a written statement addressed to the
President of the court that heard the case or an
oral statement made in the court registry and
notify the distrainer and the distrainee and the
court bailiff at least before the auction ends,
and shall produce clear proofs of ownership;
failure to do so shall render the claim invalid.
Celui qui se prtend propritaire des objets

saisis ou dune partie de ceux-ci peut
sopposer la vente soit par dclaration crite
adresse au Prsident de la juridiction qui a
connu de laffaire, soit par dclaration verbale
faite au greffe du tribunal. Cette dclaration
doit tre signifie au saisissant ainsi quau
saisi et dnonce lhuissier au plus tard
avant ladjudication avec des pices justifiant
la preuve de proprit, sous peine de nullit.
Mu gihe kitarenze amasaha mirongo ine

numunani (48), ashyikiriza ikirego cye
Urukiko rwIbanze rwaho icyamunara
kigomba kubera
hakurikijwe uburyo
busanzwe butangwamo ikirego.
In a period not exceeding fourty eight (48)

hours, he/ she shall submit his/her claim to the
Primary Court of the place where the auction
shall be conducted in accordance with the
ordinary procedure of filing a claim.
Endans quarante-huit (48) heures, il saisit le

Tribunal de Base du lieu de la vente
conformment la procdure ordinaire de
lintroduction de linstance.
Urubanza rwicyo kirego rucibwa mu gihe

kitarenze iminsi cumi nitanu (15) nUrukiko
rwIbanze rwaho ibintu byafatiriwe biri. Iyo
uvuga ko ibintu ari ibye atsinzwe acibwa
indishyi zakababaro zihabwa uwafatiriye
kandi urubanza rukarangizwa byagateganyo
kabone nubwo rwajuririrwa.
The Primary Court of where properties seized

shall render the judgment in a period not
exceeding fifteen (15) days. If the
complainant who claims the ownership of the
property loses, he/she shall be ordered to pay
damages to the distrainer. The judgement
shall be provisionally executed even if there is
an appeal.
Il est statu, dans un dlai nexcdant pas

quinze (15) jours par le Tribunal de Base du
lieu o se trouvent les biens saisis. Lorsque
celui qui prtend tre propritaire des objets
nobtient pas gain de cause, il est condamn
des dommages-intrts au profit du saisissant
et le jugement est excut provisoirement
nonobstant appel.
190

Ingingo ya 269: Ufite ububasha bwo guteza Article 269: Competent person to conduct Article 269: Personne comptente pour
cyamunara
public auction
procder la vente aux enchres
Guteza cyamunara bikorwa numuhesha Public auction is conducted by a court bailiff
winkiko cyangwa undi muntu wabiherewe or by any other person authorised to do so by
ububasha na Minisitiri ufite ubutabera mu the Minister in charge of justice.
nshingano ze.
La vente aux enchres est excute par

lhuissier ou par toute autre personne
dsigne cet effet par le Ministre ayant la
justice dans ses attributions.
Akaciro ka 2: Ifatirabwishyu ryihariye
Sous-section 2: Saisie-excution spciale
C. Ifatiratambama rya burundu
Sub-section 2: Special distraint

C. Final seizure by garnishment
C. Saisie-arrt excution
Ingingo ya 270:
Ifatiratambama rya Article 270: Final seizure by garnishment Article 270: Saisie-arrt excution faite par
burundu rigambiriye kwishyurwa rikozwe operated by a creditor with an enforcement un crancier nanti dun titre excutoire
nuberewemo
umwenda
ufite order
inyandikompesha
Uberewemo umwenda ufite inyandikompesha
ashobora, abinyujije ku muhesha winkiko,
gufatira agambiriye kwishyurwa, amafaranga
nibintu
byimukanwa
byumubereyemo
umwenda bifitwe nundi muntu.
Any creditor with an enforcement order may,

by virtue of a court bailiffs writ, proceed to
effect the final third party debt order on sums
and other movable property of his/her debtor
that are in the hands of a third party.
Le crancier nanti dun titre excutoire peut

procder par exploit dhuissier une saisiearrt excution, entre les mains dun tiers, sur
les sommes et effets que celui-ci doit son
dbiteur.
Ifatira rishobora no gukorwa ku myenda igeze The seizure may also be made on debts due, La saisie peut aussi porter sur des crances
igihe cyo kwishyurwa, ifite inkomyi cyangwa conditional debts or debts pending in terme,
conditionnelles
ou
litigieuses,
ikiri mu rubanza yurimo umwenda.
litigation belonging to the debtor.
appartenant au dbiteur.
Ingingo ya 271: Inkurikizi ku ubonye Article 271: Effects of receiving a final Article 271: Effet de la rception de lacte
inyandiko yifatiratambama
order of seizure by garnishment
de saisie- arrt excution
Kuva
akimara
kubona
inyandiko From the time of receiving a final order of Ds la rception de lacte de saisie-arrt
yifatiratambama rya burundu, ubitse ibintu seizure by garnishment, the garnishee shall excution, le tiers saisi ne peut plus se
191

ntaba acyemerewe kwikuraho amafaranga
cyangwa ibindi bintu byafatiriwe. Iyo abikoze
ni we ufatwa nkurimo umwenda watumye
haba ifatira, bitabujije indishyi zakababaro
zasabwa nuberewemo umwenda bibaye
ngombwa.
not be allowed to part with the sums or other

property which are the subject of seizures. If
the garnishee does not observe it, he/she shall
be regarded as the debtor who led to the
seizure, without prejudice to damages which
he/ she may be ordered to pay to the creditor
if necessary.
dessaisir des sommes ou effets qui font lobjet

de la saisie, peine dtre dclar dbiteur
lui-mme des causes de la saisie sans
prjudice des dommages et intrts envers le
crancier sil y a lieu.
Ingingo
ya 272:
Kugaragaza
uko Article 272:Declaration of the amount of Article 272 : Dclaration des sommes ou
amafaranga cyangwa ibintu bibitswe money or property subject to seizure
objets de la saisie
bingana
Mu gihe kitarenze amasaha mirongo ine
numunani (48) akurikira ifatiratambama rya
burundu, ubitse ibintu cyangwa amafaranga
byafatiriwe ategetswe kugaragaza uko
amafaranga cyangwa ibintu abikiye urimo
umwenda bingana.
Ibyo ubitse ibintu agaragaje ni byo abazwa.
Iyo bitemewe, hashingirwa ku cyemezo
cyurukiko cyagennye ibyo ari byo.
Without exceeding a period of forty- eight

(48) hours for the final seizure by
garnishment, the garnishee shall be bound to
declare the amount of money or property he /
she holds which are the subject matter of
seizure.
The liability of the garnishee shall be
determined by his/ her declaration and if it is
disputed, by an order of the court determining
the property.
Dans un dlai nexcdant pas quarante- huit

(48) heures partir de la saisie-arrt
excution, le tiers saisi est tenu de faire la
dclaration des sommes ou objets de la saisie.
Lobligation du tiers saisi est fixe par sa
dclaration, si cette dclaration est conteste,
par la dcision de la juridiction ayant
dtermin la proprit fait foi.
Ingingo ya 273: Umuburanyi utemera Article 273: Party objecting the declared Article 273: Partie qui conteste la valeur
agaciro kibyagaragajwe
value of the property
dclare
Iyo ubitse amafaranga cyangwa ibintu
byafatiriwe agaragaje ibidahuje nuko ibyo
abikiye urimo undi umwenda wafatiriwe
bingana, umuburanyi utabyemera abimenyesha
uwo baburana abicishije ku rukiko rubifitiye
ububasha mu buryo bwihamagaza akabikora
When the garnishee declares amounts of

money or objects not corresponding to those
which were seized, the objecting party shall
notify the other party by way of summons
through the competent court within eight (8)
days of the notification of the objection.
192
Lorsque le tiers saisi dclare des sommes ou

des effets qui ne correspondent pas ceux qui
font lobjet de la saisie, la contestation de la
partie concerne est signifie lautre partie
dans les huit (8) jours par le canal de la
juridiction comptente selon le mode

dassignation.
mu gihe kitarenze iminsi umunani (8) kuva

bigaragajwe.
Abimenyesha kandi ubitse ibintu byafatiriwe
kugira ngo nibiba ngombwa azahatirwe
kugoboka mu rubanza. Iyo urukiko rwemeje
ko habaye uburiganya mu kugaragaza uko
amafaranga cyangwa ibintu bibikiwe urimo
umwenda wafatiriwe bingana, ruhanisha
ubibitse ihazabu mbonezamubano ingana
namafaranga cyangwa agaciro kibintu
yahishiriye.
He / she shall also notify the garnishee so that

if necessary he/she may be forced to intervene
in the case. If the court accepts the distrainers
objection, it shall order the garnishee to pay
civil damages equivalent to the amount or
value of the property.
Lopposition du saisissant est galement

dnonce au tiers saisi afin que, en cas de
besoin, il puisse tre forc intervenir dans le
procs. Lorsque la juridiction fait droit la
demande du saisissant, elle condamne le tiers
saisi au payement dune amende civile gale
la somme ou la valeur des effets cachs.
Ingingo ya 274: Kutabaho kwimpaka ku Article 274: Absence of objection to the Article 274: Absence de contestation sur la
byagaragajwe cyangwa ikibazo gisaba declaration or no application for dclaration ou demande en main leve
redeeming the seized property
Iyo nta mpaka zivutse ku byagaragajwe, nta If there is no objection to the declaration, or Sil ny a pas de contestation sur la
nikibazo gisaba kugombora ibyafatiriwe:
to application for redeeming the seized dclaration, ni sur la demande en main-leve:
property:
1 iyo ari amafaranga, ayemewe ahabwa
umuhesha winkiko na we akayashyikiriza
uwafatiriye,
kugeza
ku
mubare
wumwenda
bamurimo
cyangwa
bagakuramo umubare wumwenda we,
asagutse agasubizwa nyirayo;
1 when the declaration relates to an

amount of money, the declared amount
shall be given to the bailiff who in turn
shall hand it over to the distrainer up to
the amount owed or by deducting the
amount owed with the remaining given to
the owner;
1 lorsque la dclaration porte sur une

somme dargent, celle-ci est verse entre
les mains de lhuissier qui, son tour, la
remet au saisissant jusqu concurrence
ou en dduction de sa crance;
2 iyo ari ibintu byimukanwa, bigurishwa

hakurikijwe
amategeko
agenga
ifatirabwishyu.
2 the movable property shall be sold in

accordance with rules that govern the
distraint.
2 lorsque la dclaration porte sur les

effets mobiliers, ceux-ci sont vendus
conformment aux dispositions rgissant
193

les saisies-excution.
Ingingo ya 275: Iregwa ryuwabikijwe Article 275: Suing the garnishee
ibyafatiriwe
Iyo ibyagaragajwe nuwabikijwe ibintu
byafatiriwe bibyaye impaka, uwabibikijwe
aregwa mu rukiko rubifitiye ububasha,
urubanza rugacibwa mu gihe kitarenze iminsi
cumi nitanu (15).
If the declaration from the garnishee is

disputed, the garnishee shall be sued before
the competent court and the case shall be
heard within fifteen (15) days.
Article 275: Action contre le tiers saisi
Si la dclaration du tiers saisi est conteste, le

tiers saisi est assign devant la juridiction
comptente qui statue endans quinze (15)
jours.
Ingingo
ya
276:
Kumenyesha Article 276: Notification of seizure by Article 276: Signification de la saisie-arrt
ifatiratambama Leta cyangwa imiryango garnishment to the Government or public lEtat ou aux personnes morales de droit
yigenga cyangwa ibigo bya Leta bifite or private legal entities
public ou priv
ubuzimagatozi
Ifatiratambama
ryamafaranga
cyangwa
ryibintu byumwenda Leta ibereyemo ugomba
kwishyura
watsinzwe
mu
rubanza
rimenyeshwa Intumwa Nkuru ya Leta.
The seizure by garnishment of a debt or La saisie-arrt des sommes ou des biens dus
property owed by the government that should par lEtat au saisi est signifie au Mandataire
be paid shall be notified to the Attorney Gnral de lEtat.
General.
Naho iryamafaranga cyangwa

byumwenda imiryango yigenga
ibigo bya Leta bifite ubuzimagatozi
rimenyeshwa abahagarariye iyo
cyangwa ibyo bigo.
ryibintu
cyangwa
bigomba,
miryango
Notice of seizure by garnishment relating to a

debt or property owed by other incorporated
private or public legal entities shall be given
to their statutory representatives.
La saisie-arrt qui porte sur des valeurs ou

sommes dues par dautres personnes morales
de droit public ou priv est signifie leurs
reprsentants lgaux.
Abo bantu bashyira umukono wabo kuri iryo

menyesha
kandi
bakandika
imvugo
yateganyijwe mu ngingo ya 233 niya 234 ziri
tegeko.
Such statutory representatives shall sign on

the original copy of the writ and shall make a
written declaration as provided for in Articles
233 and 234 of this Law.
Ces reprsentants lgaux signent sur loriginal

de lexploit et font par crit la dclaration
prvue aux articles 233 et 234 de la prsente
loi.
194

Ingingo ya 277: Guhana ubitse ibintu Article 277: Punishing the garnishee
byundi byafatiriwe
Article 277: Condamnation du tiers saisi
Ubitse ibintu byundi byafatiriwe mu buryo

bukurikije amategeko, akabirengaho akishyura
cyangwa akavuga umubare muto ku
wumwenda arimo cyangwa akanga kugira
icyo avuga ashobora guhanishwa kwishyura
umwenda wateye iryo fatira.
Le tiers saisi qui fait des paiements au mpris

dune saisie rgulire ou qui dclare une
somme infrieure celle quil doit, ou qui ne
fait pas de dclaration, peut tre condamn au
paiement de la dette qui fait objet de la saisie.
A garnishee who pays in disregard of the

regulations of seizure or declares an amount
which is less than the real value or who does
not make any declaration at all may be
ordered to pay the debt which is the subject
matter of the seizure.
Ingingo ya 278: Gufatira umutungo bitewe Ingingo ya 278: Seizure of property due to Ingingo ya 278: Saisie du patrimoine pour
no kutishyura imisoro namahoro
non payment of taxes
cause de non paiement de taxes
Iyo umuhesha winkiko yatumwe gufatira
kubera imyenda ikomoka mu kutishyura
imisoro namahoro, mu gihe kitarenze
amasaha mirongo ine numunani (48),
uwishyuzwa akimara kwakira inyandikomvugo
yifatira agana ikigo cyangwa urwego rwa Leta
rumwishyuza
bakagirana
amasezerano
yukuntu
azishyura. Ayo masezerano
akorerwa imbere yumuhesha winkiko
wafatiriye kandi urimo umwenda agahita
atanga nibura kimwe cya kane cyumwenda
yishyuzwa. Iyo ubwumvikane bunaniranye
umutungo urafatirwa ugatezwa cyamunara
nyuma yiminsi cumi nitanu (15).
When the court bailiff is sent for seizure of

property because of debts from non payment
of taxes, after receiving the report of seizure,
the debtor shall go to his/her creditor
institution or state agency in a period not
exceeding furty-height (48) hours for signing
a convention on modalities of payment.This
convention is made before the bailiff who has
made the seizure, and he/she must pay at least
one-fourth ( ) of the total debt. If the
agreement is not reached, the property is
seized and auctioned after fifteen (15) days.
195
Lorsque lhuissier doit procder la saisie des

biens pour cause de non paiement dimpts et
taxes, dans quarante- huit (48) heures suivant
la rception du procs-verbal de la saisie, le
dbiteur doit se rendre linstitution ou
ltablissement de lEtat dont il est dbiteur
pour signer avec eux une convention de
modalits de paiement. Cette convention est
signe devant lhuissier qui a procd la
saisie, et le dbiteur doit immdiatement
payer au moins un quart (1/4) de la totalit de
la dette. Si lentente choue, le patrimoine est
saisi et vendu aux enchres aprs quinze (15)
jours.

D. Ifatirwa ryibihingwa bitarasarurwa
Ingingo ya 279: Igisobanuro cyifatira
ryibihingwa bitarasarurwa
D. Seizure of standing crops
D. Saisie de la rcolte sur pied
Article 279: Definition of seizure of

standing crops
Article 279: Dfinition de la saisie de la

rcolte sur pied
Ifatira
ryibihingwa
bitarasarurwa
ni Seizure of standing crops is a distraint La saisie de la rcolte sur pied est une saisieifatirabwishyu ryibyo bihingwa mbere yuko covering fruits, which are attached to the excution qui porte sur les fruits pendants par
branches ou par racines avant leur rcolte.
bisarurwa rikorwa ku buryo bwifatirabwishyu. branches or by roots before their harvesting.
Kugeza ku munsi wo gusarura cyangwa
kugurisha, ibihingwa byafatiriwe bishobora
kuragizwa urimo umwenda wafatiriwe,
uwafatiriye cyangwa undi muntu.
Until the date of their harvesting or their sale, Jusquau jour de la rcolte ou de la vente, la
the custody of the seized fruits may be garde des fruits saisis peut tre confie au
entrusted to the distrainee, the distrainer or to dbiteur saisi, au saisissant ou un tiers.
a third party.
Ingingo ya 280: Igisobanuro cyifatira Article 280: Definition of seizure of income Article 280: Dfinition de la saisie des
ryinyungu ziturutse ku byeguriwe undi from assigned property or pension benefits intrts des biens cds ou des rentes de
cyangwa ryamafaranga ya pansiyo
retraite
Ifatira ryinyungu ziturutse ku byeguriwe undi
cyangwa ryamafaranga ya pansiyo ni uburyo
uberewemo umwenda afatira mu maboko
yundi
muntu
weguriwe
ibintu
numubereyemo umwenda ngo ajye amuha
inyungu ihoraho agamije kuzishyurwa nuwo
muntu wundi, inyungu zibyo yeguriwe
cyangwa amafaranga ya pansiyo byageze igihe
cyo kwishyurwa, nibitegereje igihe cyo
kwishyurwa.
The seizure of income of the assigned

property or pension benefits is a means of
enforcement whereby a creditor stops and
seizes in the hands of a third party, debtor of
income, interests and pension and arrears due
or which may become due.
196
La saisie des intrts des biens cds ou dune

rente de retraite est une voie dexcution par
laquelle un crancier arrte et saisit, entre les
mains dun tiers dbiteur de rente, le droit
cette rente et les arrrages chus ou choir.

Ingingo ya 281: Ibisabwa kugira ngo ifatira Article 281: Conditions of validity of the Article 281: Condition de validit de la
ryinyungu ziturutse ku byeguriwe undi seizure of income of assigned property or saisie des intrts des biens cds ou des
cyangwa za pansiyo ryemerwe
pension benefits
rentes de retraite
Ifatira ryinyungu ziturutse ku byeguriwe undi
cyangwa za pansiyo ryemerwa iyo umwenda
uzwi, ushobora kuvunjwa mu mafaranga kandi
ugeze igihe cyo kwishyurwa, kandi hari
ninyandikompesha.
Ingingo ya 282: Inkurikizi
ryurwandiko rwishyuza
The seizure of income of assigned property or

pension benefits shall be valid only if the debt
owed is certain, liquid and payable by virtue
of the enforcement order.
La saisie des intrts des biens cds ou dune

rente de retraite constitue nest valable que si
la crance du saisissant est certaine, liquide,
exigible et en vertu dun titre excutoire.
zitangwa Article 282: Effects of the notification of Article 282: Effets de la signification du
the order to pay
commandement de payer
Iyo urwandiko rwishyuza rumaze gutangwa

ruriho inyandikompesha, umuntu ashobora
gutangira gufatira pansiyo zumubereyemo
umwenda zifitwe nugomba kuzishyura izo
nyungu ziturutse ku byeguriwe undi cyangwa
izo pansiyo.
After notification of the order to pay which

contains an enforcement order, it shall be
possible to proceed with the seizure of
pension benefits of the debtor, which are in
the hands of the grantor of pension benefits.
Aprs la signification du commandement de

payer qui doit contenir notification du titre
excutoire, il peut tre procd aux oprations
de mise entre les mains du dbirentier.
Kugira ngo iryo fatira rigire agaciro,

uberewemo umwenda agomba kumenyesha
uwafatiriwe urwandiko rufatira abanje
gukurikiza
amategeko
yifatiratambama
hanyuma agakurikiza ayifatirabwishyu.
The creditor must notify the distrainee of the

writ of seizure by garnishment in accordance
with the procedure of attachment and
distraint, failing which the seizure shall be
disqualified.
Sous peine de nullit, le crancier doit

dnoncer lexploit de saisie au saisi suivant la
procdure de saisie-arrt et ensuite de saisieexcution.
UMUTWE
WA
III:
IBYEMEZO CHAPTER
III:
CONSERVATORY CHAPITRE
III:
BYAGATEGANYO
NIFATIRA MEASURES
AND
SEIZURE
OF CONSERVATOIRES
RYIBINTU BITIMUKANWA
IMMOVABLE PROPERTY
IMMOBILIERES
Icyiciro
cya
byagateganyo
mbere:
Ibyemezo Section One: Conservatory measures
197
ET
MESURES
SAISIES
Section premire: Mesures conservatoires

Ingingo
ya
283:
Gutambamira Article 283: Preventing the transfer of the Article 283 Opposition la mutation dun
ihinduzamutungo ryibintu bitimukanwa
immovable property
immeuble
Uberewemo umwenda wese cyangwa umuntu
wese ubifitemo inyungu ashobora gusaba
Umubitsi
winyandikompamo
zubutaka
cyangwa Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa
wUmurenge cyangwa uwAkarere waho
ikitimukanwa kiri kubuza umubereyemo
umwenda gukora ihinduzamutungo ryibintu
bye bitimukanwa.
Any creditor or interested party may submit a

request to the Registrar of land titles or to the
Sector or the District Executive Secretary in
the area the property is located in order to
prevent any transfer of the immovable
property belonging to the debtor.
Tout crancier ou toute personne intresse

peut former opposition entre les mains du
Conservateur des titres fonciers ou le
Secrtaire Excutif de Secteur ou de District
du lieu de limmeuble afin dempcher toute
mutation de la proprit immobilire
appartenant son dbiteur.
Iyo ataregeye umwenda we mu Rukiko mu If no case is filed in court within one (1) Cette opposition est nulle de plein droit si le
gihe kitarenze ukwezi kumwe (1) abisabye, month from the date of the application, the crancier nexerce pas son action en
ikibazo
cye
kigamije
gutambamira application shall become void.
remboursement de sa crance endans un (1)
ihinduzamutungo kiburiramo.
mois compter de la date de la demande.
Urimo umwenda wafatiriwe ibintu agomba Notification of the application must be made
kumenyeshwa ko uwo awubereyemo yanze ko known to the debtor whose property is sought
abigurisha cyangwa abitanga kandi ko to be seized, in the usual manner and form.
amukurikiranye mu rubanza, akabimenyeshwa
mu buryo busanzwe bwabigenewe.
Icyiciro
cya
bitimukanwa
2:
Ifatira
La signification ou la notification de
lopposition ainsi que lexercice de son action
doivent tre faites au dbiteur saisi dans les
formes ordinaires.
ryibintu Section 2: Distraint on immovable property Section 2: Saisie-excution immobilire
Ingingo ya 284: Gukurikirana

ryibintu bitimukanwa
ifatira Article 284: Applying for distraint on Article 284:

immovable property
immobilire
Poursuite
de
la
saisie
Uberewemo umwenda ntashobora gufatira The creditor cannot apply for the seizure of Le crancier ne peut procder la saisie des
ibintu bitimukanwa byuwumubereyemo, immovable property of his/her debtor without immeubles appartenant son dbiteur quen
adashingiye ku nyandiko zivugwa mu ngingo basing on the documents referred to in Article vertu des titres excutoires viss larticle
198

ya 198 yiri tegeko.
198 of this Law.
198 de la prsente loi.
Ingingo ya 285: Igihe ifatira ryibintu Article 285: Possibility

bitimukanwa rishoboka
immovable property
Ifatira ryibintu bitimukanwa ntirishobora
gukorwa atari uko ibintu byimukanwa
byurimo umwenda bidashobora kuvamo
amafaranga ahagije kugira ngo hishyurwe
umwenda namagarama, keretse iyo mu
masezerano harimo ko uberewemo umwenda
azagurisha hatagombye urubanza.
seizure
of Article 285: Cas de possibilit de saisie

immobilire
Seizure of immovable property may be made

only when the value of the movable property
of the debtor is not sufficient to cover the debt
and court fees except where an agreement
contains a clause permitting the creditor to
sell mortgaged property without recourse to
judicial proceedings.
La saisie immobilire ne peut tre envisage,

que si les biens meubles du dbiteur ne sont
pas suffisants pour payer la dette et couvrir
les frais de la procdure, sauf en cas de
procdure de vente par voie pare.
Ingingo
ya
286:
Ifatira
ryibintu Article 286: Seizure of recorded and non Article 286: Saisie immobiliere des
bitimukanwa byanditswe mu bitabo recorded immovable property
immeubles enregistrs et non enregistrs
byubutaka niryibitanditswe
Ifatira ryibintu bitimukanwa rikorerwa mu
maboko
yUmubitsi
winyandikompamo
zubutaka iyo ryerekeye uburenganzira ku
bitimukanwa byanditse mu bitabo byubutaka.
The seizure of immovable property is made in La saisie immobilire est opre entre les
the hands of the Registrar of land titles when mains du Conservateur des titres fonciers
it concerns rights to immovable property pour les immeubles enregistrs.
recorded in the land register.
Umuhesha winkiko, abisabwe nuberewemo

umwenda ushaka gufatira ikintu kitimukanwa
yaka
mu
nyandiko
Umubitsi
wimpapurompamo zubutaka, kopi ivuye mu
gitabo cyandikwamo ubutaka.
The court bailiff, at the request of the creditor

seeking the seizure of immovable property,
shall requestsin writing to the Registrar a
copy of the certificate from the registry of
land titles.
A la demande du crancier qui dsire oprer

une saisie immobilire, lhuissier demande
par crit au Conservateur des titres fonciers
une copie de lacte denregistrement des
terres.
Umukozi uvugwa mu gika cya kabiri cyiyi

ngingo wandikiwe agomba kuba yatanze kopi
yiyo nyandiko mu gihe kitarenze iminsi itanu
(5). Mu gihe yanze kuyitanga ku bwende bwe,
The employee referred to under Paragraph 2

of this Article, whom the request is addressed
to must submit a copy in a period not
exceeding five (5) days. If he/she refuses to
Lagent vis lalina 2 du prsent article,

qui on a adress la demande doit donner la
rponse dans les cinq (5) jours. En cas de
refus de sa part de dlivrer la dite copie, il
199

ashobora gukurikiranwaho indishyi ku giti cye submit the aforementioned copy he/she may peut tre poursuivi personnellement, par la
nuwo byangirije.
be subject to legal action for damages victime, pour une action en dommages
instituted by the victim.
intrts.
Ingingo ya 287: Impapuro
uberewemo umwenda ushaka
ikintu kitimukanwa
zisabwa Article 287: Ducuments required from a Article 287: Documents exigs au crancier
gufatira creditor who wishes to undertake the qui veut poursuivre une saisie immobilire
seizure of immovable property
Uberewemo umwenda ushaka gufatira ikintu

kitimukanwa yaka mu nyandiko Umubitsi
wimpapurompamo zubutaka kopi ivuye mu
gitabo cyandikwamo ubutaka cyangwa cyaba
kitariho akaka inyandikogihamya igaragaza
neza ko icyo kintu kitimukanwa ari
icyumubereyemo umwenda koko.
A creditor who wishes to undertake the

seizure of immovable property, shall request
in writing the Registrar of land titles the copy
of the property from the land registry or in its
absence, an official public deed confirming
that the immovable property does indeed
belong to the debtor.
Le crancier qui veut procder une saisie

immobilire, demande par crit et se fait
dlivrer par le Conservateur des titres fonciers
un extrait du livre denregistrement ou,
dfaut, un acte officiel constatant que
limmeuble appartient rellement au dbiteur.
Ingingo ya 288: Icyemezo cyishyuza
Article 288: Order to pay
Ifatira ryikintu kitimukanwa rigomba

kubanzirizwa nicyemezo cyishyuza gihawe
uwishyuzwa ubwe cyangwa gishyizwe iwe mu
rugo cyangwa mu icumbi rye cyangwa aho
yahisemo ko hitwa iwe, mu gihe yabuze,
kigashyikirizwa umuntu uhaba ufite nibura
imyaka cumi nitandatu (16) yamavuko,
hakurikijwe amategeko asanzwe agenga uko
ababuranyi
bamenyeshwa
inyandiko
zurukiko.
The seizure of immovable property must be

preceded by an order to pay delivered to the
debtor in person or deposited at his/her
residence or domicile or a place he/ she
prefers to be his/her home, or in case of
his/her absence to a person of at least sixteen
(16) years old who resides at debtors home,
in accordance with the ordinary procedure
regarding summons and service of court
process.
La saisie immobilire doit tre prcde dun

commandement de payer personne ou
domicile ou la rsidence ou alors au
domicile lu et, en cas dabsence, remis une
personne qui y rside ge de seize (16) ans
au moins, conformment la procdure
prvue pour les significations et notifications
des actes judiciaires.
Icyo cyemezo kugira ngo cyemerwe kigomba The order should be publicised in order to be Ce commandement est, sous peine de nullit,
gutangazwa.
valid.
rendu public par voie de publicit.
200

Ingingo
ya
289:
Ifatira
ryikintu Article 289: Seizure of immovable property Article 289: Saisie dun bien immeuble
kitimukanwa gisangiwe nabantu benshi
belonging to several joint owners
appartenant plusieurs personnes
Iyo ikintu kitimukanwa gisangiwe nabantu If the immovable property belongs to several
benshi, uberewemo umwenda abanza kuregera joint owners, the creditor shall first apply to
urukiko
ngo
rukibagabanye
cyangwa court for its partition or sale.
rukigurishe.
Si limmeuble appartient en indivision

plusieurs propritaires, le crancier doit au
pralable provoquer devant la juridiction
comptente le partage ou la vente.
Ingingo ya 290: Ibikubiye mu cyemezo Article 290: Contents of an order to pay

cyishyuza
Article 290: Contenu du commandement

de payer
Icyemezo cyishyuza kibamo ibi bikurikira:
Le commandement de payer contient :
The order to pay shall contain:
1 ibigaragaza inyandikompesha numubare

wumwenda wishyuzwa;
1 a reference to the enforcement order

and the amount of the debt being claimed;
1 la mention du titre excutoire et du

montant de la dette dont le paiement est
rclam;
2 ibigaragaza inyandukuro iri mu gitabo

cyandikwamo
ubutaka
cyangwa
inyandikogihamya ivugwa mu ngingo ya
198 y iri tegeko;
2 a copy of the certificate from the land

register or the public deed mentioned in
Article 198 of this Law;
2 la mention de lextrait du livre

denregistrement des titres fonciers ou
de lacte officiel prvu larticle 198 de
la prsente loi ;
3 inyandiko imenyesha urimo umwenda ko

natishyura mu gihe ahawe, kitagomba
kujya munsi yiminsi cumi nitanu (15)
kandi ntikirenze ukwezi kumwe (1)
uhereye igihe yabimenyesherejwe, icyo
cyemezo cyo kumwishyuza kizahindurwa
ifatirabwishyu mu kwezi kumwe (1) kuva
gitangajwe;
3 a warning to the effect that if payment is

not made within the required time limit,
which should not be less than fifteen (15)
days and not more than one (1) month
from the date of this notice, the order to
pay would be transformed into
a
distraint;
3 lavertissement que, faute de payer dans

le dlai imparti qui ne peut tre infrieur
quinze (15) jours ni suprieur un (1)
mois dater de sa signification, le
commandement sera converti en saisieexcution dans un dlai dun mois
dater de sa publication;
4 inyandiko isobanura neza ikiranga ikintu
4 a precise description of the immovable
4 la description prcise de limmeuble
201

kitimukanwa no kugaragaza amafaranga
ufatira yatanga kuri icyo kintu kitabonye
ugitangaho arenze ayo we atanga;
5 ibigaragaza inyandikompesha iryo fatira
rishingiyeho.
Ingingo ya 291: Ushyikirizwa
yurwandiko rutegeka kwishyura
property and an indication of the amount

the distrainer may offer on such a
property that did not get a higher bid than
the one he/she offers;
5 a copy of the enforcement warrant on
which the seizure is sought.
menac de saisie et la mention du

montant de la somme que pourrait offrir
le saisissant en cas dabsence de
ladjudicataire le plus offrant;
5 la mention du titre excutoire duquel la
saisie est poursuivie.
kopi Article 291: Person to whom the copy of Article 291: Personne qui la copie du
the order to pay is sent
commandement de payer est adresse
Kopi yurwandiko rutegeka

kwishyura
yohererezwa umubitsi wimpapurompamo
zubutaka
cyangwa
Umunyamabanga
Nshingwabikorwa wUmurenge cyangwa
uwAkarere kugira ngo kuva icyo gihe abuze
ko ikitimukanwa cyandikwa ku wundi muntu
cyangwa gihabwa undi muntu, nubwo mbere
yaho ntawaba yarigeze asaba ko ibyo
bitakorwa.
A copy of the order to pay shall be sent to the

Registrar of land titles or the Executive
Secretary of the Sector or District so that from
that moment he / she orders the property to be
registered or be given to another person, even
if there is no prior application to that effect.
Ingingo ya 292: Amasezerano yubukode Article 292:

adafite itariki isobanutse
duration
Amasezerano yubukode adafite itariki
isobanutse izwi mbere yicyemezo cyo
kwishyuza ashobora guseswa bisabwe
nuberewemo umwenda cyangwa nuwaguze
ibyatejwe cyamunara.
Leases
for
La copie du commandement de payer est

adresse au Conservateur des titres fonciers,
ou au Secrtaire Excutif de Secteur ou de
District qui, ds ce moment, soppose toute
mutation ou tout transfert de proprit des
immeubles viss, mme sil nexiste pas
dopposition antrieure.
unspecified Article 292: Baux qui nont pas de date

certaine
Leases for an unspecified duration existing on

the date of the order to pay may be cancelled
upon application by the creditor or the
purchaser.
Les baux qui nont pas de date certaine avant

la date du commandement de payer peuvent
tre annuls la requte du crancier ou de
ladjudicataire.
Ikodesha ryose ryagizwe nurimo umwenda Any lease granted by the debtor after the date Tout bail consenti par le dbiteur aprs la date
yarabonye icyemezo cyo kwishyuza nta gaciro of the order to pay shall become automatically de commandement de payer est nul de plein
rigira, keretse uberewemo umwenda cyangwa void if the creditor or purchaser refuses to droit moins que le crancier ou
202

uwaguze ibyatejwe
babyiyemereye.
cyamunara
ari
ladjudicataire ne consente le reconnatre.
bo recognise it.
Ingingo
ya
293:
Gutanga
ibintu Article 293: Alienation of immovable Article 293: Alination des immeubles et
bitimukanwa cyangwa ubundi buryo bwose property and establishment of any charge constitution de servitude
bwo kwemera ko hagira undi ubigiraho related to it
uruhare
Gutanga ibintu bitimukanwa cyangwa ubundi
buryo bwose bwo kwemera ko hagira undi
ubigiraho uruhare bikozwe nurimo umwenda
wahawe icyemezo kimuhatira kwishyura
cyangwa yarabujijwe kugira icyo abikoraho
ntabwo bigira agaciro, keretse ubihawe
yemeye guha umucungamari wa Leta ingwate
yamafaranga angana numubare wumwenda
namagarama uwafatiriye agomba guhabwa.
The alienation of immovable property and the

establishment of any charges related to it by
the debtor after being served with the order to
pay or objection shall be automatically void
unless the acquirer deposits in the hands of a
government accountant an amount which is
equal to the debt and costs which are
supposed to be paid to the distrainer.
Lalination des immeubles et la constitution

de servitude grevant ceux-ci, consenties par le
dbiteur aprs le commandement de payer ou
lopposition, sont nulles de plein droit,
moins que lacqureur ne consigne entre les
mains du comptable public le montant de la
crance et des frais dus au saisissant.
Ingingo ya 294: Kudafatira inzu umutindi Article 294:Seizure prohibited on the house Article 294: Insaisissabilit de lhabitation
nyakujya atuyemo
of a destitute
dun indigent
Nta wufatira inzu umutindi nyakujya atuyemo
na kimwe cya kabiri () cya hegitari
cyubutaka buhingwa gitunga uwafatiriwe
nurugo rwe babura ntibabeho, keretse
biramutse bigaragajwe ko afite ibindi cyangwa
ashoboye kubibona atagizwe umutindi
nyakujya ngo abere umuzigo uvunanye
rusange wabaturage ari uko yabuze epfo na
ruguru.
The house of a destitute and half an acre of

surrounding farmland necessary for the
survival of the distrainee and his / her family
may not be seized unless it is proven that he/
she possesses or is able to acquire another
house or farmland without being turned into a
pauper and becoming dependent on the
community.
203
Il ne peut tre procd la saisie de

lhabitation dun indigent et dun demihectare de terrain de culture indispensable la
vie du saisi et de sa famille moins quil ne
soit prouv quil en possde dautres ou quil
soit mme de sen procurer sans tre rduit
la misre et mis charge de la communaut.

Ingingo ya 295:
rya cyamunara
Itangazwa
ryigurishwa Article 295: Publication of the public Article 295: Publication de la vente
auction
publique
Abisabwe
nuwafatiriye,
kandi
amaze
kugenzura ko imihango yose yifatira
yubahirijwe, Perezida wUrukiko rwibanze
rwaho icyamunara kizabera, cyangwa
Perezida wurukiko rwubucuruzi mu gihe
harangizwa urubanza rwaciwe ninkiko
zubucuruzi, agena itariki naho ibintu
bigomba kugurishirizwa, ahantu nuburyo
amatangazo yicyo cyamunara agomba
kumanikwa.
Upon request by the distrainer, and after

verification that all the formalities for seizure
have been met, the President of the Primary
Court of the place where the auction will take
place, or the President of Commercial Court,
for execution of a judgement delivered by a
commercial court, fixes the date and place of
sale, the places where it must be publicised by
posting, and the conditions under which the
posting is to take place.
Sur requte du saisissant et aprs vrification

si les formalits prvues pour la saisie ont t
accomplies, le Prsident du Tribunal de Base
du lieu dadjudication ou le Prsident du
Tribunal de Commerce en cas dexcution
dun jugement rendu par une juridiction
commerciale, fixe le lieu et la date de la
vente, les localits o elle doit tre annonce
par voie daffichage et les conditions dans
lesquelles laffichage doit tre effectu.
Icyemezo cya Perezida wUrukiko kigomba na

none gutangazwa, nibura mu minsi cumi
nitanu (15) mbere yuko icyamunara gikorwa,
mu kinyamakuru kimwe cya Leta, byaba
ngombwa kikanatangazwa no mu kindi
kinyamakuru cyigenga gisomwa na benshi
cyagenwe na Perezida wUrukiko cyangwa se
bigatangazwa no kuri radiyo, televiziyo
cyangwa irindi koranabuhanga.
The order of the President of the court shall

also be publicised, at least fifteen (15) days
before the public auction, in one public
newspaper and in another independent
countrywide read newspaper determined by
the President of the court or through the radio
or television or any other technology.
Lordonnance du Prsident est galement

publie au moins quinze (15) jours avant
ladjudication, dans un journal de la presse
publique et,en cas de besoin, dans un autre
journal priv grande diffusion dsign par le
Prsident de la juridiction ou par diffusion
la radio ou la tlvision ou par tout autre
procd technologique.
Perezida wUrukiko rwibanze cyangwa

Perezida wurukiko rwubucuruzi ashobora no
gushyiraho ubundi buryo bwatuma icyamunara
kirushaho kwamamazwa.
The President of the Primary Court or the

President of Commercial Court may also
determine other measures to give more
publicity to the auction.
Le Prsident du Tribunal de Base ou de la

juridiction de commerce peut prescrire
dautres mesures pour donner plus de
publicit la vente aux enchres.
204

Ingingo ya 296: Imanikwa ryamatangazo Article 296: Posting advertisements of Article 296: Affichage des communiqus
yicyamunara
public auctions
des ventes publiques
A public auctioneer shall not proceed with the
posting of advertisements, until fifteen (15)
days after expiry of the period specified in the
order to pay. The document for posting shall
be boldly written, conspicuous letters which
are capable of attracting the attention of
anyone who sees it. The advertisement should
be accompanied with an indication of the
fixed minimum price the distrainer would
accept.
Lagent des ventes publiques ne peut faire

procder laffichage que quinze (15) jours
aprs lexpiration des dlais prvus dans le
commandement payer. Le document
afficher doit tre en gros caractres de faon
attirer ceux qui les voient. La publicit de
ladjudication doit saccompagner de la mise
prix fix par le saisissant.
Hagomba gushira igihe cyukwezi kumwe (1) There must be a period of one (1) month from
kuva igihe urupapuro rwitangazo ryigurisha the date of the posting and the date fixed for
ryamanikiwe ahantu icyamunara kizabera the auction.
kugeza umunsi wo kugikora.
Un dlai dun (1) mois doit scouler entre le

jour de laffichage dans la localit o la vente
doit avoir lieu et celui fix pour
ladjudication.
Ukoresha icyamunara ntashobora kumanika

amatangazo yacyo hadashize iminsi cumi
nitanu (15) kuva igihe cyavuzwe mu cyemezo
cyishyuza kirangiye. Urupapuro rwitangazo
rugenewe kumanikwa rugomba kuba rwanditse
mu nyuguti nini ku buryo uzibonye agira
amatsiko yo kumenya ibyanditswemo.
Itangazo rigomba guherekezwa no kugaragaza
igiciro cyicyo kintu uwafatiriye yumva
yagitangaho hatabonetse utanga igisumbyeho.
Ingingo ya 297: Umunsi nisaha bya Article 297: Day and hour of the public Article 297: Jour et heure de ladjudication
cyamunara
auction
Umukozi ushinzwe gukoresha cyamunara The public auctioneer shall conduct the sale Lagent de ventes publiques procde
agikoresha ku munsi nisaha byagenwe.
on fixed date and hour.
ladjudication au jour et lheure indique.
Ingingo ya 298: Igiciro cyipiganwa mu Article 298: Auction price
cyamunara
Article 298: Prix dadjudication
Mbere yo gutangiza cyamunara, umukozi

ubishinzwe
abanza
kumenyesha
abaje
gupiganwa
umubare
wamafaranga
abapiganwa batagomba kujya munsi kugira
Avant de passer louverture des enchres,

lagent des ventes publiques dclare aux
enchrisseurs le prix fix par lui au del
duquel le plus offrant peut tre dclar
Before the auction, the public auctioneer shall

start declaring to the bidders the minimum bid
required to purchase and declare the auction
open.
205

ngo babe begukanye igipiganirwa, agatangaza
ko icyamunara gitangiye.
adjudicataire et dclare les enchres ouvertes.
Ingingo ya 299 Guhagarara kwinshingano Article 299: Termination of the bidders Article 299: Cessation des obligations de
zupiganwa
obligations
lnchrisseur
Upiganwa
ntaba
agitegetswe
gutanga A bidder shall not obliged to pay the price he Lenchrisseur cesse dtre oblig si son
amafaranga yavuze iyo habonetse undi utanga / she offers if another tenders a higher price.
enchre est couverte par un autre.
asumbye aye.
Ingingo ya 300: Kurangira kwipiganwa
Article 300: End of the auction
Article 300: Fin de ladjudication
Ipiganwa riba rirangiye iyo nyuma yuko

upiganwa avuze amafaranga atanga, hashize
iminota itanu (5) nta wuratanga ayarenze.
Uwatanze igiciro giheruka ni we wemezwa ko
aguze icyapiganirwaga ku giciro yatanze.
The purchase can only be made if, after the

last bid, five (5) minutes elapse without
another bid being offered. The last bidder
shall then be declared the purchaser for the
price offered.
Ladjudication est dclare termine si, aprs

le dernier enchrisseur, cinq (5) minutes se
sont coules sans quune autre enchre soit
prsente. Le dernier enchrisseur est alors
dclar adjudicataire pour le prix offert.
Ingingo ya 301: Kwimura cyamunara Article 301: Adjournment of a public Article 301 : Remise dadjudication sur
bitegetswe nurukiko
auction ordered by a court
ordre du juge
Umukozi ushinzwe guteza cyamunara
ashobora kwimurira icyamunara ku wundi
munsi iyo yeretswe icyemezo cyurukiko
gihagarika cyamunara mbere yuko ipiganwa
rirangira.
Icyo
cyemezo
cyurukiko
ntigishobora guhabwa uberewemo umwenda,
uwo ibye byafatiriwe cyangwa undi wese
ubifitemo inyungu atagaragaje impamvu
ikomeye kandi yumvikana.
Umukozi
ushinzwe
guteza
A public auctioneer may adjourn an auction to

another date upon being shown a court order
to suspend the sale before the auction ends.
The court order shall not be issued to the
creditor, the distrainee, or any other interested
party unless he/she presents serious and duly
proven grounds.
Lagent de ventes publiques peut remettre

ladjudication si lordonnance de suspension
dadjudication lui est prsente avant
ladjudication. Lordonnance ne peut tre
accorde au crditeur, au saisi ou toute
personne intresse que pour un motif grave
et dment justifi.
cyamunara The public auctioneer shall adjourn the sale to Ladjudication est remise doffice par lagent
206

acyimurira ku wundi munsi abyibwirije iyo nta
bapiganwa nibura batanu (5) bitabiriye
icyamunara,
ariko
kuri
uwo
munsi
cyimuriweho ntigishobora kongera kwimurwa
kubera iyo mpamvu.
another date on his/her own motion if, there

are no at least five (5) bidders in attendance,
but on the fixed date, it shall not be adjourned
again for the same reason.
des ventes publiques sil ny a pas au moins

cinq (5) enchrisseurs, mais au jour de remise
ladjudicatioin ne pourra plus tre ajourne de
nouveau.
Ikindi cyamunara kigomba gukorwa ku wu ndi

munsi ugenwe numukozi ushinzwe guteza
cyamunara nibura mu minsi cumi nitanu (15)
kandi ntikirenze iminsi mirongo itatu (30)
kidakozwe uhereye umunsi wiyimurwa.
Hagati aho nibura mu minsi cumi nitanu (15)
mbere yicyamunara, irindi menyekanisha
rigomba gukorwa mu nzira zimwe nizo irya
mbere ryakozwemo.
The new auction shall take place on the date

decided by public auctioneer at earliest fifteen
(15) days and not later than thirty (30) days
from the date of the adjournment. In the
interval, at least within fifteen (15) days
before the auction, a new advertisement shall
be made in the same manner as the first.
Une nouvelle adjudication doit intervenir

une date fixe par lagent des ventes, au
moins dans les quinze (15) jours et au plus
tard dans les trente (30) jours de la remise.
Dans cet intervalle, quinze (15) jours au
moins avant ladjudication, une nouvelle
publicit doit tre faite par lagent des ventes
dans les mmes conditions.
Ingingo ya 302: Isubikwa rya cyamunara Article 302: Postponment

nuruhande rumwe
requested by one party
Uberewemo umwenda cyangwa uwurimo iyo
yumva ko igiciro gitanzwe kidakwiye,
ashobora gusaba ko icyamunara gishyirwa ku
wundi munsi, ariko udashobora kurenga
ukwezi kuva umunsi icyamunara cya mbere
cyatangiriye gutezwa. Umukozi ushinzwe
guteza cyamunara agena undi munsi
cyamunara yimuriweho. Kuri uwo munsi
wemejwe ibyo bintu bigurishwa cyamunara
byanze bikunze.
of
auction Article 302: Remise de ladjudication sur

demande dune partie
If the creditor or the debtor considers that the

price being offered is insufficient, they may
request that final auction be postponed to
another date which should not be later than
one month after the first session of auction.
The public auctioneer shall fix a new date.
The auction must then take place on the set
date whatsoever.
207
Le crancier ou le dbiteur peut demander,

sil estime que le prix offert est insuffisant,
que ladjudication dfinitive soit remise une
date ultrieure, qui ne peut tre suprieure
un mois aprs la premire sance de
ladjudication. Lagent des ventes publiques
fixe une nouvelle date. Au jour fix, la vente a
lieu tout prix.

Ingingo ya 303: Kurangira kwa cyamunara
gitezwa ku bintu byinshi bitimukanwa
cyangwa ku bice byinshi byagabanywa
byikintu kimwe kitimukanwa
Article 303: Closing the auction of several Article 303: Fin de ladjudication de
pieces of immovable property or several plusieurs immeubles ou parties divisibles
divisible parts of one piece of immovable dun immeuble
property
Iyo cyamunara gitezwa ku bintu byinshi

bitimukanwa cyangwa ku bice byinshi
byagabanywa byikintu kimwe kitimukanwa,
kirangizwa nuko habonetse amafaranga
ahagije yo kwishyura umwenda namagarama
yurubanza.
If public auction is conducted on several

pieces of immovable property, or several
divisible parts of one piece of immovable
property,it shall be closed if there is
availability of enough amount to cover the
debt and court fees.
Si plusieurs immeubles ou plusieurs parties

divisibles dun mme immeuble sont mis
simultanment en vente, ladjudication prend
fin ds que le produit de la vente suffit pour
couvrir le montant de la crance et des frais
de justice.
Ingingo ya 304: Cyamunara cyibintu Article 304: Auction of several immovables Article 304: Vente aux enchres de
byinshi bitimukanwa cyangwa ibice byinshi or several parts of a piece of immovable plusieurs immeubles ou parties dun mme
byikintu kimwe kitimukanwa gishobora property
immeuble pouvant tre fractionn
kugurishwa ibice
Igihe hafatiriwe ibintu byinshi bitimukanwa
cyangwa ibice byinshi byikintu kimwe
kitimukanwa gishobora kugurishwa ibice,
urimo umwenda wafatiriwe ibintu aba afite
ububasha bwo kubwira ugurisha cyamunara
uko azakurikiranya ibintu bye bitezwa
cyamunara.
If several pieces of immovable property or

several parts of a piece of immovable
property are seized, the distrainee debtor
whose property has been seized always shall
have the right to indicate to the auctioneer the
order according to which the properties are to
be sold.
En cas de saisie de plusieurs immeubles ou de

plusieurs parties dun mme immeuble
pouvant tre fractionn pour tre mise en
vente, le dbiteur saisi a toujours le droit
dindiquer lagent des ventes publiques
lordre daprs lequel ses proprits seront
vendues.
Ingingo ya 305: Uburenganzira bwurimo Article 305: Right of the distrainee debtor Article 305: Droit du dbiteur saisi
umwenda wafatiriwe afite ibintu byinshi owns several pieces of immovable property possdant plusieurs immeubles
bitimukanwa
Iyo urimo umwenda wafatiriwe afite ibintu If the distrainee debtor owns several pieces of Si le dbiteur saisi possde plusieurs
byinshi bitimukanwa hakaba harafatiriwe igice immovable property, only part of which was immeubles dont une partie seulement a t
cyabyo gusa, afite uburenganzira bwo gusaba the subject of seizure, he/she shall be entitled saisie, il a le droit de demander au juge de
208

umucamanza uburanisha ibibazo byihutirwa
gutegeka uberewemo umwenda gufatira ibitari
byafatiriwe kugira ngo ashobore gukoresha
uburenganzira ahabwa ningingo ya 304 yiri
tegeko.
to make an urgent application to the court to

order the creditor to seize the property that
has not been seized to enable him/her to enjoy
the right provided for under Article 304 of
this Law.
rfr, de contraindre, par ordonnance, le

crancier saisir galement les autres
immeubles, afin quil puisse jouir du droit
prvu larticle 304 de la prsente loi.
Ingingo ya 306: Inyandiko yigurisha Article 306: Deeds of the auction and terms Article 306: Acte dadjudication et
nuburyo bwo kwishyura mu cyamunara
of payment of auction price
modalits
de
paiement
du
prix
dadjudication
Umuhesha
winkiko
ushinzwe
guteza
cyamunara akora inyandiko yigurisha mu
cyamunara, kopi yinyandikomvaho yiryo
gura igahabwa uwaguze amaze kugaragaza
icyemezo cyubwishyu cyigiciro cyemejwe
muri iryo gurisha.
The court bailiff responsible for the public

auction shall issue the deed of the auction; an
original copy of the deed of auction shall be
given to the successful purchaser upon
production of the proof that he/she paid the
required amount of money charged during the
auction.
Lhuissier charg de la vente aux enchres

publiques dresse lacte dadjudication; une
copie de loriginal en est remise
ladjudicataire aprs prsentation de la preuve
de paiement de la somme exige lors de la
vente aux enchres.
Uwaguze mu icyamunara yaba yaguze

umutungo wimukanwa cyangwa utimukanwa,
yishyura mu gihe kitarenze umunsi umwe (1)
wakazi ukurikira cyamunara amafaranga ya
cyamunara kuri konti yUrukiko Rwisumbuye
rwo mu ifasi iyo cyamunara yabereyemo.
The successful purchaser of movable or

immovable property shall make payment
within one (1) working day after the auction
and the payment shall be made into a bank
account of the Intermediate Court in the
jurisdiction of which the public auction took
place.
Ladjudicataire du bien mobilire ou

immobilire doit, endans un (1) jour
ouvrable de la vente aux enchres, effectuer le
paiement sur le compte du Tribunal de
Grande Instance dont le ressort est le lieu de
la vente aux enchres.
Iyo umutungo waguzwe mu cyamunara ari

umutungo utimukanwa, uwaguze, amaze
kurangiza ibisabwa mu gika cya 2 cyiyi
ngingo, aherako yegukana uwo mutungo aguze
kandi ashobora kwandikisha ibyo bintu ku
izina rye ari uko amaze kugeza mu biro
The successful purchaser of immovable

property may, once the formalities referred to
in paragraph 2 of this Article have been
completed, enter in possession of the
purchased immovable property and register it
in his/her name after giving a copy of the
Ladjudicataire de la proprit immobilire

peut, ds que les formalits prvues lalina
2 du prsent article sont accomplies, entrer en
possession de la proprit immoblire acquise
et peut faire enregistrer la dite proprit en
son nom aprs avoir remis au service des
209

bishinzwe kubika impapuro zubutaka kopi deed of sale to the Registrar of land titles.
yinyandikomvaho yemeza ubugure.
titres fonciers
dadjudication.
Ingingo ya 307: Iyishyurwa ryuberewemo Article 307: Payment of the creditor

umwenda
Article 307: Paiement du crancier
Uberewemo
umwenda
yishyurwa
numucungamari
wurukiko
rwisumbuye
rwakiriye amafaranga ya cyamunara amaze
kuvanamo amagarama yurubanza, amafaranga
asigaye agashyikirizwa nyiribintu byatejwe
cyamunara mu gihe nta bandi bagomba
kwishyurwa nyuma yiminsi cumi nitanu (15).
Le crancier est pay par le comptable du

Tribunal de Grande Instance qui a reu
largent de la vente aux enchres aprs la
dduction des frais de justice, la somme
restant est remise au proprietaire des biens
vendus dans le cas o il ny a pas dautres
personnes payer aprs quinze (15) jours.
The creditor shall be paid by the accountant

of the Intermediate Court that received the
money from the auction after deduction of
court fees, the remaining amount shall be
given back to the proprietor of the property
sold, in case there are no other persons to be
paid after fifteen (15) days.
la
copie
de
lacte
Ingingo ya 308: Kugabana amafaranga Article 308: Sharing the proceeds of the Article 308: Partage du produit de la vente
yavuye mu cyamunara
auction
Abandi baberewemo umwenda batafatiriye
ntabwo bashobora kuza kugabana amafaranga
yavuye mu byafatiriwe keretse bamaze
kwerekana inyandikompesha ihamya ko
umwenda wabo ushobora kwishyurwa kandi
ko uriho koko.
Creditors other than the distrainer who

applied for seizure may share in the
distribution of the proceeds of the sale only
after having the liquidity and certainty of the
debts in an enforcement warrant.
Les cranciers autres que le saisissant ne

peuvent intervenir pour prendre part au
partage du produit de la vente quaprs avoir
fait reconnatre par un titre excutoire la
liquidit et la certitude de leur crance.
Ababerewemo umwenda bagira uruhare mu

igabana ni abagejeje mu biro byubucungamari
bwurukiko kandi bitarenze iminsi cumi
nitanu (15) igurisha ribaye, inyandikompesha
ivugwa mu gika kibanziriza iki. Igabana
rikorwa ari uko icyo gihe kirangiye.
The creditors who take part in the distribution

shall be the ones who shall present a copy of
the enforcement order referred to under
paragraph one of this Article to the
accounting office of the court within a period
not to exceeding fifteen (15) days from the
date of auction. Distribution shall be made
only after the expiration of this time limit.
Les cranciers qui prennent part au partage

sont ceux qui auront fait parvenir, au bureau
de la comptabilit de la juridiction, et dans les
quinze (15) jours aprs ladjudication, la
copie du titre excutoire vis lalina
premier du prsent article. Il nest procd au
partage du produit de la vente qu
lexpiration de ce dlai.
210

UMUTWE
WA
IV:
INGINGO CHAPTER IV: COMMON PROVISIONS CHAPITRE
IV:
DISPOSITIONS
ZIHURIWEHO
NAMOKO
YOSE TO ALL TYPES OF SEIZURE BASED COMMUNES A TOUTES LES SAISIES
YIFATIRA
ZISHINGIYE
KU ON ENFORCEMENT ORDER
BASEES SUR UN TITRE EXECUTOIRE
NYANDIKOMPESHA
Ingingo ya 309: Gukemura ibibazo Article
309:
Resolving
procedural Article 309: Rsolution des difficults de
byerekeye imihango yifatira bivutse mu difficulties occurred in the course of procdure qui se produisent au cours de la
gihe cyifatira
seizure
saisie
Ibibazo byose byerekeye imihango yifatira
bivutse
mu gihe cyifatira bikemurwa
nicyemezo cya Perezida wUrukiko rwibanze
cyangwa Perezida wurukiko rwubucuruzi mu
gihe harangizwa urubanza rwaciwe ninkiko
zubucuruzi.
All procedural difficulties that may occur in

the course of seizure shall be resolved by the
ruling of the President of the Primary Court or
the president of the commercial court for the
execution of judgment delivered by a
commercial court.
Toutes les difficults de procdure qui se

produisent au cours de la saisie sont tranches
par ordonnance du Prsident du Tribunal de
Base, ou du Prsident du Tribunal de
Commerce en cas dexcution dun jugement
rendu par une juridiction commerciale.
Bene ibyo birego biburanishwa hakurikijwe Such claims shall be heard following the De telles demandes sont juges dans les
imihango
yo
kuburanisha
inyandiko procedure of unilateral request.
mmes conditions quen cas de requte
nsobanurakirego itanzwe numuburanyi umwe.
unilatrale.
Icyakora, icyo cyemezo kijuririrwa mu minsi However, that decision shall be appealable Toutefois, une dcision rendue est susceptible
cumi nitanu (15) uhereye igihe ababuranyi within a period of fifteen (15) days starting dappel endans quinze (15) jours compts
bakimenyesherejwe.
from the date on which parties were notified partir du jour de sa signification aux parties.
thereof.
Ingingo ya 310: Kwishyura ababerewemo Article 310: Payment of secured and Article
310:
Dsintressement
des
imyenda bafite ingwate nabatayifite
unsecured creditors
cranciers privilgis et chirographaires
Ibibazo byerekeye uko abarihwa bafite ingwate Issues relating to payment by order and Les questions de dsintressement des
nabatayifite bagomba gukurikirana no contribution of secured and unsecured cranciers privilgis et chirographaires par
gusaranganywa bikemurirwa mu Rukiko creditors shall be resolved by the Primary ordre et par contribution sont tranches par le
211

rwibanze cyangwa Urukiko rwubucuruzi mu Court or by the Commercial Court with Tribunal de Base ou le Tribunal de Commerce
gihe harangizwa urubanza rwaciwe ninkiko regard to the execution of judgements en cas dexcution dun jugement rendu par
zubucuruzi rwaho icyamunara cyabereye.
rendered by commercial courts of the place une juridiction commerciale du lieu
where the sale took place.
dadjudication.
Iyo abagomba kwishyurwa badashoboye
kumvikana hagati yabo uko bagomba
kugabana amafaranga yavuye mu cyamunara,
Perezida wUrukiko, abisabwe, arabatumiza
kugira ngo abagabanye ayo mafaranga
hakurikijwe uko basumbana mu buryo
buteganywa namategeko kandi hitawe ku
ruhare rwa buri wese.
If the known creditors cannot agree on how to

share the proceeds of the sale, the President of
the court may, if requested, orders their
appearance in order to determine the
distribution among them, in accordance with
how they legally rank in priority and
considering each ones role.
Si les cranciers inscrits ne parviennent pas

se convenir sur lordre de partage du produit
de la vente, le Prsident de la juridiction peut,
sur demande, ordonner leur convocation afin
de rgler leur dsintressement en tenant
compte du rang des cranciers et ce
respectivement leurs parts proportionnelles.
Iyo abagabana bari mu rwego rumwe, igabana

rikorwa hakurikijwe uruhare rwa buri wese ku
mwenda. Iyo hari ubusumbane hagati yabo
habanza kwishyurwa abari mu nzego zibanza.
If the creditors are in the same rank, the

distribution shall be conducted in accordance
with the role of each creditor on the debt. In
case of different ranks among them, the
distribution shall be made in their order of
priority.
La distribution du produit de la vente entre les

cranciers de mme rang se fait au marc le
franc tandis que, pour les cranciers de rang
diffrent, elle se ralise selon lordre des
cranciers.
Muri iryo gabana, hakorwa icyemezo

kigaragaza ubusumbane bwababerewemo
umwenda nuruhare rwa buri wese. Icyo
cyemezo ni cyo ubucungamari bwurukiko
rwisumbuye
rwakiriye
amafaranga
bushingiraho bwishyura buri wese uberewemo
umwenda ku mafaranga yavuye mu
cyamunara.
Upon acceptance of such sharing, an order

determining the order of priority of creditors
and each ones share shall be made. This
order shall be the basis of the accountant of an
Intermediate Court in payment of every
creditor.
Lors de la distribution, il est tabli une

ordonnance qui dtermine lòrdre de
prfrence des cranciers et la part de tout un
chacun. Chaque crancier se fait payer par le
service comptable de la juridiction de grande
instance sur production de cette ordonnance.
212

Ingingo ya 311: Kutemera uburyo igabana Article 311: Disagreement on the Article 311: Contestation de lordre
ryakozwe na Perezida wurukiko
distribution carried out by the President of propos par le Prsident de la juridiction
the court
Iyo mu baberewemo umwenda hari utemeye
uburyo igabana ryakozwe na Perezida
wUrukiko, abitangira ikirego mu Rukiko
rwibanze cyangwa mu rukiko rwubucuruzi
mu gihe harangizwa urubanza rwaciwe
ninkiko zubucuruzi rwaho icyamunara
cyakorewe, hakurikijwe amategeko asanzwe
agenga ugutanga ibirego.
In case there is a disagreement by any of the

creditors on how the distribution of the
proceeds of the sale was carried out by the
President of the Court, he /she may file a
claim in the Primary Court or in the
Commercial Court when the judgement
executed was rendered by the Commercial
Court of the place of sale in accordance with
the ordinary procedure regarding the filing of
claims.
Si lordre propos par le Prsident de la

juridiction est contest par un des cranciers,
celui-ci introduit la demande au Tribunal de
Base ou au Tribunal de Commerce en cas
dexcution dun jugement rendu par une
juridiction commerciale, du lieu de
ladjudication en se conformant la
procdure
ordinaire
dintroduction
dinstance.
Muri icyo gihe igabana rirasubikwa, urubanza

rugacibwa mu gihe kitarenze iminsi cumi
nitanu (15). Uru rubanza rujuririrwa inshuro
imwe gusa.
Ingingo ya 312: Kongera guteza cyamura
icyari cyaguzwe
In that case, the distribution shall be

adjourned and the case determined in a period
not exceeding fifteen (15) days. This case
shall be subject to appeal only once.
Article 312: Reauctioning the property
Dans ce cas, il est sursis au partage et la

juridiction saisie de la demande statue
endans quinze (15) jours. Ce jugement est
susceptible dappel une seule fois.
Article 312: Remise de lobjet en vente aux
enchres
Iyo uwaguze mu cyamunara atishyuye uko

yabyemeye, icyo yari yaguze cyongera
gutezwa cyamunara. Uwatsinze ipiganwa
ntiyishyure aba agomba kwishyura igihombo
cyaturuka kuri iryo gurisha rya kabiri, ariko
iyo habonetsemo inyungu si we uyihabwa.
If the highest bidder does not pay as he/she

agreed, the property shall be reauctioned.
He/she shall be bound to make up the
difference, which ought to result from the
second auction, but not entitled to claim any
surplus if the second price is higher.
Faute par ladjudicataire dexcuter les

clauses de ladjudication, lobjet est remis en
vente aux enchres. Ladjudicataire dfaillant
est tenu de payer la diffrence entre son prix
dadjudication et celui de la revente, sans
pouvoir rclamer lexcdent sil y en a.
213

Ingingo ya
byafatiriwe
313:
Gucungura
ibintu Article 313: Redemption of seized property
Urimo umwenda wafatiriwe ibintu ashobora

igihe cyose kubicungura, ashyize kuri konti
yurukiko ishyirwamo amafaranga yingwate,
amafaranga ahagije kwishyura umwenda
watumye ibintu bye bifatirwa, habariwemo
umubare wumwenda ubwawo, inyungu
namagarama
kandi
nyirukubicungura
agasobanura neza ko ayo mafaranga ari ayo
kwishyura umwenda wufatira ibintu, niba
aramutse abonye ibimenyetso biwumuhamya.
Any distrainee debtor may, at any time,

redeem the seized property by paying to the
courts account, a sum sufficient to satisfy the
principal debt which led to the seizure,
interests and costs and specifying that the sum
is meant to satisfy the debt of the distrainer, if
the rights of the latter are subsequently
recognised.
Article 313: Libration des choses saisies
Le dbiteur saisi peut en tout tat de cause,

librer les choses saisies en versant sur le
compte des dpts et consignations de la
juridiction une somme suffisante pour
rpondre des causes de la saisie en principal,
intrts et frais et en affectant spcialement
cette somme lextinction de la crance du
saisissant, sous condition que les droits de ce
dernier soient ultrieurement reconnus.
Gutanga iyo ngwate ntabwo bigaragaza ko The payment of the deposit shall not imply Le versement de cette consignation
uyitanze yemeye ko arimo umwenda.
the recognition of the debt.
nimplique pas reconnaissance de dette.
gucungura ibyafatiriwe
bwo Article 314: Right to redeem the seized Article 314: Droit de librer les choses
property
saisies
Umuntu wese afite uburenganzira bwo

gucungura ibyafashwe iyo yishyuye umwenda
wabiteye namafaranga yibyatanzwe ku
ifatira. Apfa kuba yabikoze mu nyungu
zuwafatiriwe kandi abimwemereye, ibye
bitaramara gutezwa cyamunara.
Any person shall have the right to redeem the

seized property by satisfying the damages and
the costs of the seizure, as long as it is made
before the end of the sale, in the interests and
with the consent of the debtor.
Toute personne a le droit de librer les choses

saisies, en satisfaisant aux causes et frais de la
saisie, pourvu que cette libration soit faite
dans lintrt et avec laccord du saisi avant la
clture des oprations de la vente.
Ingingo ya 315: Ibibujijwe uwasabye ifatira
Article 315 : Prohibition to the distrainer Article 315: Interdiction au saisissant de

to appropriate seized property
sapproprier des biens saisis
Nta na rimwe, uwasabye ko bafatira ibintu A distrainer cannot appropriate the seized En aucun cas, le saisissant ne peut
byùndi ashobora kubitwara atabiguze muri property without participating in the auction sapproprier des biens saisis sìls ne lui sont
214

cyamunara nkàbandi.
like others.
INTERURO
YA
IMIBURANISHIRIZE YIHARIYE
UMUTWE
WA
IMIBURANISHIRIZE
ZIMBONEZAMUBANO
NIZUMURIMO
pas adjugs aux enchres.
VI: TITLE VI: SPECIAL PROCEEDINGS
TITRE
VI:
PARTICULIERES
PROCEDURES
MBERE : CHAPTER
ONE:
PROCEEDINGS CHAPITRE
PREMIER :
YIMANZA RELATING TO CIVIL AND LABOUR PROCEDURE EN MATIERE CIVILE ET
CASES
SOCIALE
Icyiciro cya mbere: Ingingo zerekeye

ibirego byihutirwa
Section one: Provisions relating to

summary procedure
Section premire: Dispositions relatives

la procdure de rfr
Ingingo ya 316: Urukiko rufite ububaha

bwo kuburanisha ibirego byihutirwa
Article 316: Competent court in terms of

summary procedure
Article 316: Juridiction comptente en

matire de rfr
Iyo hari ikirego cy iremezo, ariko hagomba

kugira icyemezwa byagateganyo mu buryo
bwihuta ku rubanza rwaregewe urukiko
rutaraburanishwa,
ikirego
cyihutirwa
gishyikirizwa
umucamanza
ushinzwe
kurangiza impaka zihutirwa wàho zigomba
gukemurirwa hakurikijwe uburyo busanzwe
bwìhamagara.
When there is need to have a interim ruling on

a matter which requires urgent resolution, an
action shall be filed in accordance with the
ordinary procedure regarding principal suits,
before an urgent applications judge in the
jurisdiction where the urgent measure is
required in accordance with ordinary
summons procedure.
Lorsquil sagit de statuer provisoirement sur

une contestation dont la solution simpose
durgence, pendante devant une juridiction
saisie de la demande principale, la requte est
porte devant le juge des rfrs du lieu o la
mesure dùrgence sìmpose conformment
la
procdure
ordinaire
dintroduction
dinstance.
Ingingo ya 317:
ububasha
bwo
byihutirwa
Abacamanza bafite Article 317: Summary procedure judges

gusuzuma
ibirego
Article 317: Juges des rfers
Perezida wUrukiko rwIbanze cyangwa undi The President of the Primary Court or another Le Prsident du Tribunal de Base ou un autre
mucamanza wabiherewe ububasha bumva designated judge shall hear summary juge dsign cet effet statue sur les
ibirego byihutirwa biboneka mu manza ziri mu procedure cases that fall within the demandes en rfr qui sinscrivent dans la
215

bubasha bwurwo
umwanzuro.
rukiko
bakanabifatira jurisdiction of that Court and thereafter take a comptence de ce Tribunal.

decision.
Perezida wUrukiko Rwisumbuye cyangwa

undi mucamanza wabiherewe ububasha bumva
ibirego byihutirwa biboneka mu manza ziri mu
bubasha bwurwo rukiko bakanabifatira
umwanzuro.
The President of the Intermediate Court,

Commercial Court or another designated
judge shall hear summary procedure cases
that fall within the jurisdiction of that court
and thereafter take a decision.
Le Prsident du Tribunal de Grande Instance,

du Tribunal de Commerce ou un autre juge
dsign cet effet, statue sur les demandes de
rfr qui sinscrivent dans la comptence de
ce Tribunal.
Perezida wUrukiko Rukuru na Perezida

wUrukiko Rukuru rwUbucuruzi cyangwa
undi mucamanza wabiherewe ububasha yumva
ibirego byihutirwa biboneka mu manza ziri mu
bubasha bwurwo rukiko bakanabifatira
umwanzuro.
The President of the High Court, the

Commercial High Court or another designated
judge shall hear summary procedure cases
that fall within the jurisdiction of that court
and thereafter take a decision.
Le Prsident de la Haute Cour, de la Haute

Cour de Commerce ou un autre juge dsign
cet effet, statue sur les demandes de rfr qui
sinscrivent dans la comptence de cette
Cour.
Ingingo ya 318: Iminsi ihamagara rimara
Article 318: Period of summons
Ihamagara rirebana nibirego byihutirwa

rimara nibura iminsi ibiri (2) yakazi. Iyo
uregwa adatuye cyangwa acumbitse mu
Rwanda cyangwa atahaba, icyo gihe
kirongerwa kugeza ku minsi cumi nitanu (15).
The period of summons for summary

procedure shall be at least two (2) working
days. If the defendant is neither domiciled nor
a resident in Rwanda, the time shall be
extended to fifteen (15) days.
Le dlai dassignation en matire de rfr est

de deux (2) jours ouvrables au moins. Si le
dfendeur na ni domicile, ni rsidence au
Rwanda, le dlai est port quinze (15) jours.
Ingingo ya
ryicyemezo
319:
Iburanisha
nifatwa Article 319: Hearing and

summary procedure order
rendering Article
319:
Audience
dordonnance de rfr
et
prise
Ibirego byihutirwa biburanishwa mu ruhame, Summary procedure claims shall be heard in Les demandes en rfr sont entendues en
ababuranyi bose bahari kandi bakiregura.
public session with adversarial arguments audience
publique
et
en
dbats
from both parties.
contradictoires.
Icyemezo cyumucamanza gifatwa mu gihe The judges order shall be delivered within Lordonnance du juge est rendue au plus tard
216

kitarenze amasaha mirongo ine numunani (48) forty-eight (48) hours from the time of the quarante-huit (48) heures aprs la clture des
uhereye igihe iburanisha kuri icyo kibazo closing of hearing.
dbats.
rirangiriye.
Ingingo ya
byihutirwa
320:
Isuzuma
ryibirego Article
320:
Examining
procedure claims
summary Article 320 : Examen des demandes en

rfr
Umucamanza uburanisha ibirego byihutirwa The summary procedure judge shall decide by
afata icyemezo ku bibazo byose byihuta, ariko way of orders, but without prejudicing the
mu
buryo
butabangamiye
urubanza merits of the principal suit.
rwiremezo mu mizi yarwo.
Le juge des rfrs statue par voie

dordonnance sur tous les cas dont il reconnat
lurgence, sans que sa dcision puisse porter
prjudice au principal.
Umucamanza uburanisha ibirego byihutirwa

asuzuma mbere yo gufata icyemezo ku kirego
yashyikirijwe
niba
ikirego
cyihuta
yashyikirijwe kiri mu bubasha bwe, kimwe
ninzitizi zavuka mu rubanza aburanisha.
The summary procedure judge shall first

examine, before deciding, whether he/she is
competent to hear the summary procedure
claim submitted to him/her and possible
exceptions that may arise from that case.
Le juge des rfrs examine avant de statuer

sur la requte lui soumise, si la demande en
rfr relve de sa comptence ainsi que sur
des exceptions ventuelles relatives la
demande sous examen.
Nyamara, umucamanza uburanisha ibirego

byihutirwa ntashinzwe kubanza gusuzuma niba
ikirego cyiremezo kiri mu bubasha cyangwa
kitari mu bubasha bwurukiko rwaregewe
ikirego cyihutirwa.
However, the summary procedure judge shall

not be obliged to first examine whether the
principal application falls within the
jurisdiction of the court before which the
summary procedure is lodged.
Toutefois, le juge des rfrs nest pas tenu

dexaminer si la demande principale relve ou
pas de la comptence de la juridiction devant
laquelle la demande en rfr a t introduite.
Indishyi nibindi bijyanye namafaranga

umuburanyi yakoresheje mu rubanza ku kirego
cyihutirwa biregerwa hamwe nikirego
cyiremezo.
Damages and related expenses incurred by the

party during the hearing of summary
procedure shall be claimed together with the
principal application.
Les dommages-intrts et les frais inhrents

au procs en rfr encourus par la partie sont
rclams en mme temps que la demande
principale.
217

Ingingo ya 321: Irangizwa ryagateganyo Article 321: Provisional execution
ryibyemezo byibirego byihutirwa
summary procedure orders
Ibyemezo byafashwe ku birego byihutirwa,
birangizwa byàgateganyo kandi nta ngwate
itanzwe nìyo byasabirwa gusubirwamo
cyangwa bikajuririrwa, keretse bitegetswe
numucamanza.
of Article 321: Excution provisoire des

ordonnances de rfr
Summary procedure orders shall be subject to

provisional execution, notwithstanding any
pending application for opposition or appeal
and without any security unless the judge so
orders.
Les ordonnances de rfr sont excutoires

par provision, nonobstant opposition ou appel,
et sans constitution de garantie si le juge na
pas ordonn quil en serait constitu une.
Ingingo ya 322: Isubirishamo nubujurire Article 322: Opposition and appeal against Article 322: Opposition et appel des
byibyemezo
byafashwe
ku
birego summary procedure orders
ordonnances de rfr
byihutirwa
Igihe cyo gusubirishamo icyemezo cyafashwe The deadline for applying for opposition to a
ku birego byihutirwa ni iminsi itanu (5) summary procedure order is five (5) working
yakazi
uhereye
igihe
icyemezo days from the day the accused is notified of
cyamenyeshejwe uregwa.
the order to the defendant.
Le dlai pour former opposition une

ordonnance du juge des rfrs est de cinq (5)
jours ouvrables compter de la notification de
lordonnance au dfendeur.
Igihe cyo kujurira ni iminsi cumi nitanu (15)

yakazi uhereye ku munsi icyemezo
cyasomeweho iyo ababuranyi bose bari bahari
cyangwa bakimenyesherejweho hakurikijwe
imenyesharuhame riteganyijwe mu ngingo ya
34 yiri tegeko.
The appeal shall be made in fifteen (15)

working days from the time the order was
delivered if both parties were present or were
notified of the order in accordance with
Le dlai pour former appel est de quinze (15)

jours ouvrables compter du prononc
contradictoire de lordonnance ou de la
signification conformment la procdure de
signification prvue par larticle 34 de la
prsente loi.
Ubujurire bwìbyemezo byafashwe ku birego Appeals against summary procedure orders

byihutirwa
bushyikirizwa,
urukiko shall be heard in a court immediately superior
rwisumbuyeho kandi bijuririrwa inshuro imwe and only once.
gusa.
Lappel des ordonnances de rfr est form

devant
la
juridiction
immdiatement
suprieure et ne peut tre exerc quune seule
fois.
Izindi nzira zo kujurira ziteganyijwe Other procedures for appeal provided for by Les autres voies de recours prvues par la loi
nàmategeko zirabujijwe mu miburanishirize the law shall not be applicable with respect to ne sont pas applicables en matire de rfr.
218

yimanza zibirego byihutirwa.
summary procedure claims.
Ingingo ya 323: Ibirego byihutirwa mu Article 323: Summary procedure

manza zubutegetsi nizubucuruzi
administrative and commercial affairs
Uretse ibiteganyijwe ukundi niri tegeko, ku
byerekeranye nibirego byihutirwa mu manza
zubutegetsi nizubucuruzi hakurikizwa iki
cyiciro.
Icyiciro cya 2: Inyandiko
gitanzwe numuburanyi umwe
in Article 323: Rfr dans les affaires

administratives et commerciales
Unless this Law provides otherwise, this

section shall apply to summary procedure
claims in administrative and commercial
cases.
yikibazo Section 2: Exparte application
Ingingo ya 324: Igisobanuro cyinyandiko Article 324:

yikibazo gitanzwe numuburanyi umwe
application
Inyandiko yikibazo gitanzwe numuburanyi
umwe ni uburyo budasanzwe bwo kuregera
umucamanza umusaba kugira ibyo aramira mu
buryo bwihuse cyane kandi bikaba ari ibibazo
bidasaba guhamagara byanze bikunze undi
muburanyi.
Definition
of
La prsente section sapplique aux demandes

en rfr en matire administrative et
commerciale, moins que la prsente loi nen
dispose autrement.
Section 2: Requte unilatrale
exparte Article 324: Dfinition de la requte

unilatrale
Exparte application shall be a special way to

seize the court by requesting it to take urgent
measures to safeguard the interests of the
applicant without necessarily the intervention
of the other party.
La requte unilatrale est une voie

exceptionnelle de saisir le juge en lui
demandant de prendre une mesure dextreme
urgence pour la sauvegarde des interts du
requrant sans ncessairement lintervention
de la partie adverse.
Ingingo ya 325: Aho inyandiko yikibazo Article 325: Scope of exparte application
gitanzwe numuburanyi umwe ikoreshwa
Article 325: Champs dapplication de la

requte unilatrale
Inyandiko yikibazo gitanzwe numuburanyi

umwe ikurikizwa mu bibazo byose, harimo
nibyubucuruzi
cyangwa
ubutegetsi,
byerekeranye nifatira ryagateganyo no mu
bindi bibazo byose bisaba ko hafatwa
icyemezo cyihuse cyane bitari ngombwa ko
La procdure de requte unilatrale sapplique

dans toutes les matires, mme commerciale
ou admnistrative, requrant des mesures ou
saisies conservatoires ou provisoires ainsi que
dans dautres circonstances requrant une
dcision dextrme urgence sans toutefois
Exparte application shall be applied in all

matters, even commercial or administrative,
of provisional measures and seizure and in
other matters requiring an urgent decision
without necessarily filing a principal claim.
219

habanza gutangwa ikirego remezo.
introduire une demande principale.
Icyakora, iyo umuburanyi ahisemo inzira imwe

hagati yikibazo gitanzwe numuburanyi umwe
nikirego cyihutirwa ntaba agishoboye
gukoresha indi nzira.
However, a party that opts for an exparte Toutefois, le demandeur qui choisit la voie de
application shall no longer have the right to requte unilatrale na plus doption la
use the the summary procedure and vice- procdure de rfr et vice-versa.
versa.
Ingingo ya 326: Itangwa ryinyandiko Article 326: Filing an exparte application

Article 326: Introduction de la requte
yikibazo
Inyandiko yikibazo gitangwa numuburanyi An exparte application shall be filed La requte unilatrale est introduite selon la
umwe gitangwa hakurikijwe uburyo busanzwe following the ordinary way of filing cases.
procdure ordinaire dìntroduction dìnstance.
bwo gutangamo ibirego.
Ingingo
yari
iya
ryabarebwa nikibazo
327:
Ihamagara Article 327: Summoning of parties
Umucamanza
washyikirijwe
ikibazo,
aragisuzuma, yasanga ari ngombwa ko
ahamagaza uwagitanze n abandi bose abona
ko bashobora kuza muri icyo kibazo
akabahamagaza kugirango azabumve mu gihe
kitarenze amasaha mirongo ine numunani
(48).
Guhamagaza abagomba kugira icyo bavuga
muri icyo kibazo bikorwa numwanditsi
wùrukiko hakurikijwe uburyo busanzwe
bwihamagara ryababuranyi.
The judge to whom an exparte application is

referred shall verify the application and, if
necessary, summon the applicant and all other
parties to be heard in chambers within fortyeight (48) hours.
Article 327: Convocation des parties

Le juge saisi dune requte unilatrale vrifie
la requte et peut, sil juge ncessaire,
convoquer le rquerant et les autres parties
intervenantes
endans quarante-huit (48)
heures pour tre entendues.
Summoning of the parties to the hearing shall La convocation est adresse aux parties par le
be done by the court registrar following the greffier conformment la procedure
ordinary summoning procedures.
ordinaire dassignation des parties.
Gusuzuma bene ibyo bibazo bikorwa mu nama Such applications shall be heard in chambers Ces requtes sont examines en chambre du
yabacamanza nta buranisha ribaye mu without the hearing in open court.
conseil sans dbats en audience publique.
ruhame.
220

Icyakora isomwa ryacyo rigomba kubera mu However, rendering the judgement shall be Toutefois, le prononc de la dcision est
ruhame
done in public.
public.
Ingingo ya 328: Irangizwa ryagateganyo Article 328: Provisional execution of the Article 328: Excution
judges order
lordonnance du juge
Icyemezo gifatwa numucamanza kirangizwa
byagateganyo kabone nubwo cyajuririrwa
kandi nta ngwate itanzwe keretse iyo
umucamanza abigennye ukundi.
The judges order shall be subject to

provisional execution even if there is a
pending appeal, and without furnishing
security, unless the judge has decided
otherwise.
provisoire
de
Lordonnance du juge est excutoire par

provision, nonobstant tout recours et sans
caution, moins que le juge nen dcide
autrement.
Ingingo ya 329: Ubujurire bwicyemezo Article 329: Appeal against the order
cyumucamanza
Article 329: Appel de lordonnance
Kujuririra icyo cyemezo bikorwa mu gihe An appeal against the order shall be lodged
cyìminsi itanu (5) uhereye igihe ababuranyi within five (15) days from the date the parties
bamenyesherejweho icyo cyemezo kandi were notified of the order and for only once.
bijuririrwa incuro imwe gusa.
Lappel de lordonnance est form dans les

cinq (5) jours partir de la signification aux
parties et ne peut tre exerc quune seule
fois.
Ingingo ya 330: Gutambamira icyemezo Article 330: Third party opposition against Article
330:
cyumucamanza
the order
lordonnance
Umuntu wese utaragobotse muri icyo kibazo
ashobora, mu gihe cyukwezi kumwe (1) kuva
abimenye gutambamira icyemezo cyafashwe
nùmucamanza mu gihe kibangamira inyungu
ze.
Any person who did not intervene in

proceedings may, within one (1) month after
receiving the notice, file a third party
opposition against the judges order, if it
adversely affects his/her interests.
Tierce
opposition
Toute personne qui nest pas intervenue la

cause peut, dans un delai dun (1) mois de la
connaissance de la dcision, former tierce
opposition lordonnance qui prjudicie ses
droits.
Amategeko
yandi
asanzwe
agenga In that case, other ordinary provisions relating Dans ce cas, les autres dispositions sur la
itambamirarubanza ni yo yubahirizwa muri to third party opposition shall be applicable.
tierce opposition sont applicables.
icyo gihe.
221

Ingingo ya 331: Ihindura nikurwaho Article 331: Modification and revocation of Article 331: Rformation et rtractation de
the order
lordonnance
Uwatanze ikibazo cyangwa uwakigobotsemo
ashobora, mu gihe hagati aho hari
ibyahindutse, gusaba umucamanza wafashe
icyo cyemezo kugira ibyo ahindura cyangwa
akura ku byo yari yemeje mbere, ariko
bitabangamira uburenganzira bwabandi ku
byo bahawe nicyo cyemezo.
The applicant or intervening party may, if

circumstances have changed, file an
application for modification or revocation of
the order to the judge who issued it, provided
the third party`s rights are secured.
Le requrant ou la partie intervenante peut,

lorsque les circonstances ont chang et sous
rserve des droits acquis par les tiers,
demander par requte la modification ou la
rtractation de lordonnance au juge qui la
rendue.
Icyiciro cya 3: Inyandiko nsobanurakibazo

isinyweho nababuranyi bombi
Section 3: Joint application by parties
Section 3: Requte conjointe
Ingingo ya 332: Igisobanuro nibigize Article 332: Definition and elements of the Article 332: Dfinition et lments de la
inyandiko
yikibazo
isinyweho joint application
requte conjointe
nababuranyi bombi
Inyandiko yikibazo isinyweho nababuranyi A joint application by parties is a joint La requte conjointe est lacte commun par
bombi ni ikirego ababuranyi bashyikiriza document by which the parties submit to the lequel les parties soumettent au juge les points
urukiko ku ngingo batumvikanaho ubwabo.
judge, their points of disagreement.
sur lesquels elles sont en dsaccord.
Icyo kirego gitangwa mu nyandiko cyangwa The application shall be made in writing or La requte est crite ou verbale et contient:
mu magambo kiba gikubiyemo:
oral statement and contain:
1 umwirondoro wàbaburanyi;
1the identity of the parties;
1lidentit des parties;
2 urukiko rushyikirijwe ikibazo;
2the court the application is referred to;
3 ibigaragaza inyandiko nìbimenyetso

ikirego gishingiyeho;
3the detailed documents and evidence on

which the application is based;
2lindication de la juridiction devant

laquelle la requte est porte;
3lindication des pices sur lesquelles la
requte est fonde;
222

4 itariki nùmukono wàbagitanze.
Icyo
kibazo
gifatwa
yàbaburanyi mu rukiko.
4the date and signatures of the applicants.
4la date et la signature des parties.
nkìmyanzuro The application shall be taken as submissions La requte conjointe vaut conclusions des
by parties.
parties.
Icyo kibazo gitangwa mu buryo busanzwe bwo The application shall be made following the La requte est introduite selon la procdure
gutangamo ikirego ariko inyandiko ishyizweho ordinary way of filing actions with a joint ordinaire dìntroduction dìnstance, munie de
umukono nababuranyi bose.
application signed by all parties.
la requte signe par les parties.
Ingingo ya 333:
nijuririrwa rya cyo
Ifatwa
ryicyemezo Article 333: Taking decision and appeal
Urukiko rwashyikirijwe ikibazo gitanzwe

nababuranyi bombi, rubaburanisha gusa ku
ngingo batumvikanaho mu gihe kitarenze
iminsi itanu (5) uhereye igihe ikirego
cyatangiwe.
Article 333 : Prise de dcision et appel
The Court before which a joint application is

made shall decide only on points on which
parties disagree, within five (5) days of the
date of the application.
La juridiction saisie de la requte conjointe ne

statue que sur les points sur lesquels les
parties sont en dsaccord dans un dlai
nexcdant pas cinq (5) jours compter de la
saisine.
Kujuririra
icyo
cyemezo
cyangwa An appeal against or opposition to such Lappel ou lopposition de cette dcision est
kugisubirishamo
bikorwa
hakurikijwe decision shall be made according to normal exerc
conformement la procdure
amategeko asanzwe.
legal procedures.
ordinaire.
UMUTWE WA II: IMIBURANISHIRIZE CHAPTER
II:
PROCEDURES
YIMANZA ZUBUTEGETSI
ADMINISTRATIVE MATTERS
IN CHAPITRE
II:
PROCEDURE
MATIERE ADMINISTRATIVE
EN
Icyiciro cya mbere: Ikirego gisaba Section one: Application for annulment of Section premire: Recours en annulation
gukuraho
ibyemezo
byubutegetsi administrative
decisions
and
full des dcisions administratives et recours de
niburanisha ryurubanza mu mizi yarwo
jurisdiction action
pleine juridiction
Akiciro ka mbere: Ikirego gisaba gukuraho Sub section One: Action for annulment of Sous section premire : Recours en
ibyemezo byubutegetsi
administrative decisions
annulation des dcisions administratives
223

Ingingo ya 334: Itangwa ryikirego
Article 334: Filing a case
Article 334: Introduction dinstance
Buri rukiko ruburanisha imanza zubutegetsi

mu rwego rwa mbere ruregerwa ikirego mu
nyandiko cyangwa mu magambo gishyikirizwa
ubwanditsi bwurukiko rwaregewe nurega
ubwe,
umwunganira
cyangwa
undi
wabiherewe ububasha.
A case may be filed in the administrative

court of first instance by a written or oral
application, presented to the court registry
either by the applicant himself/ herself or
his/her counsel or by any other person duly
authorised by him/her.
Chaque juridiction sigeant au premier degr

en matire administrative est saisie par une
requte crite ou verbale adresse au bureau
du greffe soit par le requrant lui-mme, soit
par son conseil ou fond de pouvoir spcial
muni dune procuration.
Ikirego gitanzwe mu magambo gishyirwa mu

nyandiko
nUmwanditsi
wurukiko.
Uwagitanze ashyiraho umukono cyangwa
igikumwe yemeza ko ibyo yasomewe
nUmwanditsi wUrukiko bihuye nibyo
yandikishije.
An oral application shall be turned into a

written statement by the court registrar and
signed or shall bear a fingerprint by party who
made it to ascertain its conformity to what
he/she said.
La requte verbale est mise par crit par le

greffier instrumentant. Le requrant appose sa
signature ou son empreinte digitale sur lacte
instrumentaire attestant ainsi la lecture lui
faite par le greffier.
Article 335: Contents of the claim
Article 335: Contenu de la requte
Ikirego kigomba kuba gikubiyemo amazina

yababuranyi
naho
batuye
cyangwa
bacumbitse kimwe nigisobanuro gihinnye
cyuko ikibazo giteye hamwe nimyanzuro
yurega, iyo cyanditse.
The claim shall contain the names and

domicile or residential addresses of the
parties, as well as a brief description of the
facts and grounds of the claim and the
arguments of the applicant if it is written.
La requte doit contenir les noms et domicile

ou rsidence des parties, lexpos sommaire
des faits et moyens ainsi que les conclusions
du requrant si elle a t faite par crit.
Ikirego
cyomekwaho
kandi
icyemezo
cyingwate yamagarama, kopi yicyemezo
cyubuyobozi kinengwa iyo cyanditse kimwe
ninyandiko igaragaza ugutakamba kwakorewe
umuyobozi wo ku rwego rwisumbuye ku
rwafashe icyemezo. Ikirego kigomba gukorwa
mu makopi angana numubare wababuranyi
bari mu rubanza.
The claim shall be accompanied with a proof

of court fees deposit, a copy of the decision
being challenged if it is written and a
document justifying recourse to the
immediate superior administrative authority.
The claim shall be accompanied with as many
copies as there are parties to the matter.
La requte doit tre accompagne de la

preuve de dpt de la caution de frais de
consignation, dune copie de la dcision
administrative attaque, lorsque celle-ci a t
mise par crit, et dune pice justifiant
lexercice du recours administratif devant la
hirarchie suprieure. Il doit galement tre
joint la requte autant de copies que des
224

parties au procs.
Ingingo ya 336: Iyakirwa ryikirego gisaba Article 336: Admissibility of the action for Article 336 : Recevabilit du recours en
gukuraho icyemezo
annulment of a decision
annulation dune dcision
Ikirego
gisaba
gukuraho
icyemezo The action for annulment shall be accepted Le recours en annulation nèst recevable que
cyumuyobozi cyakirwa iyo cyerekeye only if it relates to an explicit or implicit contre une dcision explicite ou implicite
icyemezo cyùmuyobozi cyaba cyeruye decision of an administrative authority.
dune autorit administrative.
cyangwa kiteruye.
Mbere yo gutanga ikirego, unenga icyemezo
cyùmuyobozi agomba kubanza gutakambira
umuyobozi ufite ububasha bwisumbuye ku
uwafashe icyemezo kinengwa.
Before filing a claim, the aggrieved party who

is against the administrative decision shall be
required to first lodge an informal appeal with
the immediate superior authority vis--vis the
one who took the concerned decision.
Avant dintroduire son recours en annulation,

celui qui attaque la dcision administrative
doit, au pralable, avoir fait un recours
gracieux lautorit suprieure celle qui a
pris la dcision en question.
Umuyobozi utakambiwe, agomba gusubiza

ubwo butakambe mu gihe cyukwezi kumwe
(1) kubarwa uhereye umunsi yabuboneyeho.
Iyo adashubije, ubutakambe bufatwa ko
atabwemeye.
The authority shall be required to respond in a

period of one (1) month which runs from the
date he / she received the informal appeal. If
he / she does not respond, the request shall be
considered as if it is rejected.
Lautorit saisie du recours gracieux doit y

donner suite dans un dlai dun (1) mois
compter de sa rception. Pass ce dlai, le
silence vaut dcision de rejet.
Mu gihe uwatakambye atishimiye igisubizo

yahawe, afite igihe cyamezi atandatu (6) cyo
kuregera urukiko gitangira kubarwa kuva ku
munsi yaboneyeho igisubizo, yaba nta gisubizo
yabonye icyo gihe kigatangira kubarwa nyuma
yukwezi kumwe (1) kuvugwa mu gika cya 3
cyiyi ngingo.
In case the applicant is not satisfied with the

decision, he/she has a period of six (6) months
to file a claim which runs from the date when
he/she received the response, and if there is
no response, such a period shall start running
after one (1) month mentioned in paragraph 3
of this Article.
Le requrant qui nest pas satisfait de la

dcision dispose dun dlai de six (6) mois
dans lequel il doit exercer un recours en
annulation qui commence courir compter
de la signification de la dcision, et en cas de
silence, compter de lexpiration de la
priode dun (1) mois prvue lalina 3 du
prsent article.
225

Ingingo ya 337: Iyandikwa ryibirego mu Article 337: Recording claims in the court Article 337: Enregistrement des requtes
rukiko
register
au rle
Ikirego ninyandiko zimigereka zacyo kimwe
nimyanzuro yuwiregura ku cyemezo
cyafashwe nubuyobozi byohererezwa ibiro
byubwanditsi bwurukiko. Ibirego byandikwa
mu gitabo cyibirego hakurikijwe uko byagiye
bikurikirana. Ibirego kimwe nimigereka
yabyo bishyirwaho ikimenyetso cyerekana
itariki byinjiriyeho.
The claim, enclosed documents and

defendants submissions shall be addressed to
the court registrar. The claims shall be
recorded to the court regsiter according to the
order of submission. The claims and the
enclosed documents shall be stamped with the
date of receipt.
La requte, les pices jointes ainsi que les

mmoires en dfense ou en rplique contre la
dcision administrative sont adresss au
bureau du greffe. Les requtes sont inscrites
au rle dans lordre darrive. Les requtes et
les pices jointes sont marques dun cachet
indiquant la date de leur arrive.
Ingingo ya 338: Ihamagara ryababuranyi
Iyo ikirego kimaze kwandikwa mu bitabo

byurukiko, hatangwa itariki imenyeshwa
ababuranyi hakurikijwe imihango isanzwe
yìhamagarwa. Ikirego, imigereka yacyo
kimwe ningingo zurega byomekwa ku
mpapuro zihamagara.
After the claim is recorded in the court

register, the date shall be set and notified to
the parties in accordance with the ordinary
procedure of summoning. The claim, its
annex as well as submissions of the plaintiff
are attached to the summons.
Ds lenregistrement de la requte, il est

procd la fixation de laffaire selon la
procdure ordinaire dassignation. La requte,
les pices jointes ainsi que les prtentions du
demandeur sont annexes lassignation.
Ingingo ya 339: Itangwa ryihamagara
Article 339: Serving the summons
Article 339: Remise de lassignation
Ihamagara ryuregwa ritangwa ku cyicaro

cyùrwego rwùbuyobozi buregwa. Urwandiko
ruhamagara rushyikirizwa umukozi ushinzwe
kwakira amabaruwa.
The summons shall be served at the Lassignation est faite au sige de la personne
headquarters of the respondent authority. The morale mise en cause. Elle est remise
summons shall be handed in to the agent in lagent charg de recevoir le courrier.
charge of the mail.
226

Ingingo ya 340: Iyigwa ryinyandiko Article 340: Consulting documents in the Article 340: Consultation sur place de
zidashobora kuva muri dosiye
case file that cannot be moved
pices du dossier ne pouvant pas tre
dplaces
Ababuranyi kimwe nàbabunganira bemerewe The parties or their counsels shall be allowed
kujya mu bwanditsi bwurukiko kwigirayo to consult the documents from the case files Les parties ou leurs conseils peuvent prendre
dosiye mu gihe irimo inyandiko zidashobora that could not be moved at the court register connaissance au greffe, sans les dplacer, des
kuyikurwamo. Icyo gihe, ntibemerewe without taking them outside the court.
pices ne pouvant tre dplaces.
kuzikuramo ngo bazitware hanze yurukiko.
Ingingo ya 341: Inkurikizi zo gutakambira Article 341: Effects of an appeal against an Article 341: Effets du recours administratif
icyemezo
cyumuyobozi
cyangwa administrative decision or suing in court
ou saisine de la juridiction
kukiregera
Gutakambira
icyemezo
cyumuyobozi
cyangwa kukiregera mu rukiko ntibihagarika
ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryacyo kugeza igihe
urukiko rufatiye icyemezo ku kirego
rwaregewe. Nyamara, mu gihe hari
icyihutirwa, umuburanyi ashobora gusaba
Perezida wurukiko, abinyujije mu buryo
ikibazo gitangwa numuburanyi umwe, gufata
icyemezo gihagarika ishyirwa mu bikorwa
ryicyemezo mu gihe kugishyira mu bikorwa
bishobora kumuviramo kononerwa ku buryo
budasubirwaho.
An appeal against an administrative decision

or suing against an administrative decision in
court shall not suspend its execution until the
court rules on the matter. However, in case of
emergency, a party may request the President
of the court through exparte application to
suspend the administrative decision being
attacked if its execution would cause an
irreparable harm.
Le recours administratif ou la saisine du

tribunal contre une dcision administrative
nemporte pas suspension de son excution
jusqu la dcision de la juridiction saisie de
la requte. Toutefois, en cas durgence, toute
partie peut demander, sous forme de requte
unilatrale, au Prsident de la juridiction
saisie de dcider la suspension de lexcution
de la dcision, lorsque son excution risque
dentraner un prjudice irrparable.
Ikirego gisaba guhagarika gushyira mu

bikorwa icyemezo cyumuyobozi gitangwa
mu kirego gitandukanye nìcyìremezo.
Ntigitangirwa ingwate yamagarama.
The application for stay of execution of an

administrative decision shall be made in a
separate application from the principal one. It
shall not require the deposit of court fees.
La demande aux fins de sursis excution

dune dcision administrative est prsente
par une requte spare de la requte
principale. Elle nexige pas la consignation
des frais de justice.
227

Akiciro ka 2: Ikirego kiburanisha urubanza Sub section 2: Full jurisdiction action
rwubutegetsi mu mizi yarwo
Sous section
juridiction
Ingingo ya 342: Ikirego kigamije gusaba Article 342: Action for damages
indishyi
Article 342 : Demande en rclamation des

dommages- intrts
Umuburanyi ashobora gutanga ikirego mu

manza zubutegetsi agamije gusaba indishyi
zigihombo yatewe nicyemezo cyubuyobozi
cyafashwe kimubangamiye.
A party may file an administrative claim for

compensation of the loss incurred while
challenging an administrative decision that
was taken against him/her.
Une partie peut introduire une demande

contre une dcision administrative prise en
son encontre en vue des dommages intrts
dus aux prjudices subis.
Umuburanyi ashobora gutanga icyo kirego A party may file a joint claim for damages
cyindishyi mu kirego kimwe nigisaba together with a petition for the annulment of
gukuraho icyemezo cyumuyobozi kidakurikije the illegal administative decision.
amategeko.
Une partie peut introduire une telle demande

en dommages-intrts conjointement avec une
demande en annulation de la dcision
administrative entache dillgalit.
Umuburanyi ashobora no gutanga ikirego

cyindishyi cyonyine imbere yurukiko
ruburanisha imanza zubutegetsi bitabaye
ngombwa ko aregera gukuraho icyemezo
cyumuyobozi
kitubahirije
amategeko,
akagomba kugaragariza urukiko gusa inenge
zicyo cyemezo.
Une partie peut galement introduire une

demande en dommages-intrts sparment
devant une juridiction administrative sans
toutefois demander lannulation de la dcision
administrative entache dillgalit en
prouvant seulement lillgalit de la dcision
administrative.
A party may as well file a separate claim for

damages before an administrative court
without requesting for the annulment of the
illegal administrative decision by only
proving the illegality of such a decision.
2:
Recours
de
pleine
Icyiciro cya 2: Igihano gihatira ubuyobozi Section 2: Administrative penalty forcing Section 2: Astreinte administrative
kubahiriza icyemezo cyurukiko
execution
Ingingo ya 343: Icyemezo mu manza Article 343: Decision in administrative Article 343:
zubutegetsi
cases
administrative
Dcision
en
matire
Iyo urukiko rufashe icyemezo mu manza When a court makes a decision in Lorsquune juridiction prend une dcision en
zubutegetsi, rushobora gutegeka ubuyobozi administrative cases, it may issue to an matire administrative, elle peut adresser des
228

gukora icyo rwemeje cyangwa kudakora icyo
rubujije
kandi
rugateganya
igihano
cyubahirizwa guhera ku itariki rugena mu gihe
icyo rwemeje cyaba kidakurikijwe.
administrative organ, an order to do or an

injunction restraining it from doing an action
or operation, and prescribe a penalty for the
non complicance with a determined date.
injonctions ladministration et spcialement

lui prescrire ou interdire de faire un acte ou
une opration dtermine, et peut assortir de
sa dcision dune astreinte en cas
dinexcution et ce, compter dune date
quelle dtermine.
Ingingo ya 344: Itangwa ryigihano gihatira Article 344: Imposition of penalty forcing Article 344 : Condamnation lastreinte
kurangiza urubanza
execution
Urukiko rushobora kwemeza ko igihano The court may fix the penalty forcing La juridiction peut fixer lastreinte soit une
gihatira kurangiza urubanza ari umubare execution at a determined amount or at a sum somme unique soit une somme dtermine
wimbumbe wamafaranga cyangwa umubare per unit of time.
par unit de temps.
wamafaranga azajya atangwa buri gihe
hazajya hashira igihe rugennye.
Iyo rwemeje ko igihano gihatira kurangiza
urubanza ari umubare wamafaranga azajya
atangwa buri gihe hazajya hashira igihe
rugennye, urukiko rushobora kwemeza
umubare ntarengwa wamafaranga yigihano
gihatira kurangiza urubanza.
When the court fixes the penalty forcing

execution at an amount determined per unit of
time, it may also determine the amount
beyond which the penalty forcing execution
lapses.
Lorsque la juridiction fixe lastreinte une

somme dtermine par unit de temps, elle
peut aussi dterminer un montant au-del
duquel la condamnation lastreinte cesse ses
effets.
Ingingo ya 345: Itangira ryigihano gihatira Article 345: Commencement of the penalty Article 345: Prise deffet de lastreinte
kurangiza urubanza
forcing execution
Igihano
gihatira
kurangiza
urubanza The penalty forcing execution shall not be Lastreinte ne peut pas commencer courir
ntigishobora gutangira mbere yuko urubanza executed before the final judgement is avant que le jugement qui lordonne ne soit
rucibwa burundu.
rendered.
coul en force de chose juge.
229

Ingingo ya 346: Ivanaho cyangwa igabanya Article 346: Cancellation or reduction of Article 346: Suppression ou rduction de
ryigihano gihatira kurangiza urubanza
the penalty forcing execution
lastreinte
Rubisabwe nubuyobozi bwahawe igihano
kibuhatira kurangiza urubanza, urukiko
rushobora
kukivanaho,
kugihagarika
byagateganyo mu gihe rugennye cyangwa
kukigabanya, iyo ubuyobozi bwagihawe
butagishoboye mu gihe iki niki kubahiriza
imikirize yurubanza rwibanze, yaba yose
cyangwa igice cyayo.
Upon application by the administrative organ

ordered to pay penalty, the court may cancel,
suspend for a specific period or reduce the
penalty, if the responsible administrative
organ is in a permanent or temporary, total or
partial inability to comply with the initial
order.
La juridiction qui a ordonn lastreinte peut,

la demande de ladministration condamne,
en prononcer la suppression, en suspendre le
cours durant le dlai quelle indique ou la
rduire, si ladministration condamne est
dans limpossibilit dfinitive ou temporaire,
totale ou partielle de satisfaire la
condamnation principale.
Urukiko ntirushobora kuvanaho cyangwa The trial court may not cancel or reduce the Dans la mesure o lastreinte est dj acquise,
kugabanya
igihano
gihatira
kurangiza penalty forcing execution if the inability to la juridiction de jugement ne peut ni la
urubanza igihe bisabwe nyuma y igihe cyo comply came into being after the penalty supprimer ni la rduire.
kurangiza igihano.
forcing execution is already acquired.
Ingingo ya 347: Igihe amafaranga yagenywe Article 347: Period of paying the money Article 347: Dlais de payement dargent
nurukiko yishyurirwamo
fixed by the decision of court
fix par la dcision de la juridiction
Iyo urubanza rwabaye itegeko rutegeka Leta,
Umujyi wa Kigali, ubuyobozi bwAkarere
cyangwa urundi rwego rwa Leta kuriha
amafaranga rwagennye, ayo mafaranga
agomba kwishyurwa mu mezi atandatu (6)
uhereye ku munsi wimenyeshwa ryurubanza.
When a judicial decision is final and binding

against the Government, the Kigali City, a
District or a Government institution or organ
for the payment of a sum of money fixed by
the decision, the amount must be paid within
a period of six (6) months from the time of
notification of the decision.
Lorsquune dcision juridictionnelle passe

en force de chose juge a condamn lEtat, la
Ville de Kigali, le District ou un
tablissement ou organe public au paiement
dune somme dargent dont le montant est
fix par la dcision elle-mme, cette somme
doit tre paye dans les six (6) mois compter
de la signification du jugement.
Iyo amafaranga ahari adahagije, ubwishyu When the available funds are insufficient, Si les fonds disponibles sont insuffisants, le
bukorwa hatangwa abonetse. Amafaranga payment may be made with the available paiement est fait dans la limite des fonds
asigaye kwishyurwa ateganywa mu ngengo funds. The outstanding balance should be disponibles. Les ressources ncessaires pour
230

yimari ikurikiraho, kandi akishyurwa mu mezi provided for in the next budget and paid le complter doivent tre prvues pour
atandatu (6) abanza.
within the first six (6) months of the new lexercice budgtaire suivant et le paiement
fiscal year.
effectu dans les premiers six (6) mois de
lexercice.
Ingingo ya 348: Iyo umuyobozi yanze Article 348: Non execution of a judgement Article 348: Non excution du jugement
kubahiriza ibyategetswe mu rubanza
by an administrative authority
par une autorit administrative
Lautorit administrative qui a manqu
lexcution du jugement peut, sur demande de
la partie intrsse, tre cite comparaitre
devant la juridiction qui a rendu la dcision,
pour quelle sexplique sur les raisons qui ont
empch lexcution.
Umuyobozi wanze kubahiriza ibyategetswe

mu rubanza ashobora, bisabwe n umuburanyi
ubifitemo inyungu, guhamagarwa mu rukiko
rwafashe icyemezo, kugira ngo yisobanure ku
mpamvu zamubujije kubyubahiriza.
An administrative authority that fails to

execute a court judgement may, upon
application by an interested party, be
summoned to the court that issued the
decision to justify reasons of the noncompliance.
Iyo impamvu zatumye atabyubahiriza zifite

ishingiro, ahabwa, hakurikijwe imiterere yizo
mpamvu,
igihe
ntarengwa
agomba
kubahirizamo urwo rubanza.
If the reasons are valid, the administrative Si les raisons invoques se trouvent justifies,
authority may, depending on circumstances, il est accord, compte tenu des circonstances,
be given an extended time limit within which un dlai maximum dans lequel le jugement
to execute the judgement.
doit tre excut.
Iyo impamvu zatumye atabyubahiriza nta

shingiro zifite cyangwa se iyo igihe cyavuzwe
mu gika cya 2 cyiyi ngingo kitubahirijwe,
urukiko rugena igihano gihatira umuyobozi
ubwe kubahiriza urubanza mu gihe cyose
ruzaba rutararangizwa.
If the reasons are without merit or the time

limit provided in paragraph 2 of this Article
was not observed, the court that rendered the
decision may impose a penalty for non
compliance to an administrative authority for
as long as the judgement remains unexecuted.
Si les raisons invoques ne sont pas fondes

ou si le dlai accord conformment lalina
2 du prsent article na pas t respect, la
juridiction ayant prononc la dcision fixe
une astreinte qui sera supporte par lautorit
administrative elle-mme, aussi longtemps
que le jugement ne sera pas excut.
Ikirego kireba umuyobozi wanze kubahiriza A claim against an administrative authority

ibyategetswe mu rubanza, ntigitangirwa who failed to comply with the court
amagarama.
judgement shall not be subject to payment of
court fees.
La demande contre lautorit administrative

qui a manqu lexcution de la dcision de
la juridiction nest pas soumise au versement
de frais de justice.
231

Ingingo ya 349: Ingingo
agenga
imiburanishirize
zubutegetsi
zamategeko Article
349:
Provisions
yimanza administrative cases
Haseguriwe ibivugwa muri uyu mutwe, ibindi

byose bijyanye niburanisha ryimanza
zubutegetsi, hakurikizwa amategeko asanzwe
agenga imiburanishirize yimanza nkuko
biteganywa niri tegeko.
governing Article 349: Dispositions

contentieux administratif
Without prejudice to provisions of this

Chapter, any other matter relating to
administrative cases shall comply with the
ordinary procedure provided for by this Law.
rgissant
Sans prjudice des dispositions du prsent

chapitre, toute autre matire en rapport avec
le contentieux administratif suit la procdure
ordinaire prvue par la prsente loi.
UMUTWE WA III : IMIBURANISHIRIZE CHAPTER

III:
PROCEEDINGS CHAPITRE III : PROCEDURE
YIMANZA ZUBUCURUZI
RELATING TO COMMERCIAL CASES MATIRE COMMERCIALE
Icyiciro cya mbere : Itangizwa ryurubanza
le
EN
Section premire : Ouverture de laudience
Section One: Opening of the hearing
Ingingo ya 350: Iyandikwa mu gitabo Article 350: Registration in the commercial Article 350: Inscription au rle commercial
cyibirego byimanza zubucuruzi
court register
Ibirego byose byubucuruzi bishyikirijwe
Inkiko zUbucuruzi nUrukiko Rukuru
rwUbucuruzi byandikwa mu gitabo cyibirego
byubucuruzi.
Ibirego byubucuruzi byanditswe mu gitabo
cyibirego byubucuruzi biburanishwa ku
munsi wemejwe na Perezida wUrukiko
rwUbucuruzi cyangwa uwUrukiko Rukuru
rwUbucuruzi.
All commercial cases filed in Commercial

Courts and the Commercial High Court shall
be registered in the commercial court
registers.
Commercial cases registered in the
Commercial courts registers shall be heard on
the date fixed by the President of the
Commercial Court or of the Commercial High
Court.
Toutes les actions en matire commerciale

portes devant les Tribunaux de Commerce
et devant la Haute Cour de Commerce sont
inscrites au rle commercial.
Toutes les actions commerciales inscrites au
rle commercial sont entendues et tranches
aux dates fixes par le President du Tribunal
de Commerce ou de la Haute Cour de
Commerce.
Ingingo ya 351 : Gutanga ikirego
Article 351: Filing a claim
Article 351: Dpt

introductive dinstance
Urega, umwunganira, umuhagarariye cyangwa The
plaintiff,
his/her
232
counsel,
de
la
requte
legal Le demandeur, son conseil ou toute autre

undi muntu yabihereye ububasha ashyikiriza representative or proxy shall file a written
urukiko
ikirego
gitangiza
urubanza commercial claim in form of a summons.
rwubucuruzi
cyanditse
mu
buryo
bwurwandiko ruhamagara.
personne autorise par lui dpose la

juridiction la requte introductive dinstance
crite en contentieux commercial prsente
sous forme dassignation.
Urwandiko ruhamagara rugomba:
Lassignation doit :
1kwerekana,
bikozwe
mu
bwimyanzuro ibyemezo byifuzwa;
The summons shall:

buryo
1 specify in form of conclusions the 1

remedies sought;
spcifier, sous forme de conclusions, les

mesures recherches;
2 kwerekana amazina yababuranyi batumye

ikirego gitangwa cyangwa abafitanye isano
nacyo;
2 identify the names of the parties to the 2

suit or other persons connected to it;
identifier les parties laction qui sont

lorigine ou en relation avec laction;
3 gusobanura mu ncamake imiterere yikirego

mu buryo bwanditse mu bika bigufi kandi
bifite nimero byerekana ingingo uburana
ashingiraho ikirego cye;
3 contain a summary of the nature of the 3

claim in form of short numbered
paragraphs and indicating the grounds on
which it is premised;
rsumer les circonstances de laffaire

sous forme de paragraphes courts et
numrots tablissant les points de droit
sur lesquels la partie demanderesse fonde
son action;
Urwandiko
ruhamagara
rwomekwaho The following documents shall accompany Lassignation porte en annexe les documents
inyandiko zikurikira, iyo zihari:
the summons depending on their availability: suivants :
1 urutonde rwabatangabuhamya hamwe
1 a list of witnesses and a brief summary
1 une liste de tmoins avec identification
ningingo buri mutangabuhamya
of evidence each witness shall give;
des questions sur lesquelles chaque tmoin
azavugaho;
interviendra;
2 raporo yinzobere urega yifuza
gushingiraho;
2 an expert report the plaintiff wishes to

use as evidence;
2 un rapport dun expert sur lequel la partie

demanderesse compte fonder son action ;
3 izindi nyandiko izo arizo zose urega

yifuza gushingiraho.
3 any other document the plaintiff wishes

to refer to.
3 tous les autres documents sur lesquels la

partie demanderesse compte fonder son
action.
233

Ingingo ya 352: Imyanzuro yuwiregura
Article 352: Submissions of the defendant
Article 352 : Conclusions du dfendeur
Imyanzuro yuwiregura igomba kugirwa

nibisobanuro ku byaregwa no ku ngingo
ishingiyeho. Iyo myanzuro yuwiregura
yohererezwa urukiko, urega akagenerwa kopi,
bitarenze iminsi cumi nine (14) uhereye ku
munsi
uregwa
yakiriye
urwandiko
rwihamagara.
Submissions of the defendant shall contain

explanations on what transpired and the
grounds on which it is premised. Such
submissions shall be served on court and a
copy thereof given to the other party within
fourteen (14) days from the date when the
defendant was served with the plaint.
Les conclusions en dfense comportent une

description des faits et des dispositions sur
lesquels elles sont fondes. Elles doivent tre
communiques la juridiction avec copie la
partie demanderesse au plus tard quatorze
(14) jours aprs la notification ou la
signification de lassignation au dfendeur.
Kopi igenewe urega ayishyikirizwa nuregwa A copy of submissions for the plaintiff shall La copie rserve au demandeur lui est
iyo bishoboka, umwanditsi
wurukiko be served on him/her by the defendant where signifie par le dfendeur si possible, le
cyangwa Umuhesha winkiko.
possible, the court registrar or the court greffier ou lhuissier de justice.
bailiff.
Icyiciro cya 2 : Iburanisha ryibanze
Section 2: Preliminary hearing
Section 2: Audience prliminaire
Ingingo ya 353 : Ishyirwaho ryiburanisha Article 353: Setting a preliminary hearing

ryibanze
Article 353: Audience prliminaire
Hashyizweho iburanisha ryibanze, rigamije

gufata ibyemezo ntegurarubanza byatuma
iburanisha mu mizi ritadindizwa ningoboka
zishobora kumenyekana kandi zikitabwaho
mbere.
There shall be a preliminary hearing for

making provisional orders to avoid incidents
that may hinder the hearing, while they could
have been identified and resolved in advance.
Il est prvu une audience prliminaire devant

prendre des mesures prparatoires en vue
dviter des incidents daudience sur le fond
susceptibles dtre pralablement identifis et
examins.
Ingingo ya 354: Itumizwa ryababuranyi
Mu minsi cumi nine (14) nyuma yo The judge shall, within fourteen (14) days
kumenyesha uregwa ikirego, umucamanza after the receipt of the summons by the
atumiza ababuranyi mu iburanisha ryibanze.
defense, summon parties to a preliminary
hearing of the case.
234
Quatorze (14) jours aprs la notification ou la

signification de lassignation au dfendeur, le
juge convoque les parties laudience
prliminaire de laffaire.

Mu iburanisha ryibanze, umucamanza,
abigiyemo inama nababuranyi, ategura
imbonerahamwe cyangwa gahunda yuko
ibintu bizakurikirana.
Ingingo ya 355:
numucamanza
Ibyemezo
The judge shall, during the preliminary

hearing, and in consultation with the parties to
the case, prepare a schedule of events of the
case.
bifatwa Article 355: Orders made by the judge
Mu iburanisha ryimanza, Umucamanza

ashobora gufata ibyemezo bikurikira:
Lors de laudience prliminaire, le juge

prpare, en consultation avec les parties, un
tableau ou un calendrier sur le droulement de
laffaire.
Article 355: Dcisions prises par le juge
During the proceedings of a case, the judge Au cours du procs, le juge peut prendre les
may make any of the following orders:
dcisions suivantes:
1 abyibwirije cyangwa abisabwe numwe 1 at his / her own initiative or at the request
mu baburanyi, kuvuga ko nta bubasha afite
of one of the parties, rule that he/she has
bwo kuburanisha urubanza yaregewe;
no jurisdiction over the case referred to
him/her;
1 de sa propre initiative ou la demande

dune partie, se dclarer incomptent
pour statuer sur le litige dont il est saisi ;
2 kohereza ababuranyi mu bukemurampaka 2 refer the parties to arbitrators or mediators

cyangwa mu bwunzi mu bibazo
in commercial matters provided such a
byubucuruzi mu gihe asanze biteganyijwe
reference is provided for in the contract
mu masezerano bagiranye; icyo cyemezo
between the parties; an order for such a
gitegeka
ubwimure
ntigishobora
transfer shall not be subject to appeal;
kujuririrwa.
2 renvoyer les parties larbitrage ou la

conciliation en matire commerciale sil
constate que cest prvu dans leur
convention; la dcision de renvoi ntant
pas susceptible de recours.
3 kohereza
ababuranyi
muri
Komite
yAbunzi iyo asanze ikiburanwa kiri mu
bubasha bwayo;
3 refer the matter to the mediation

committee if the subject matter lies in its
jurisdiction;
3 renvoyer les parties au comit des

conciliateurs sil constate que celui-ci est
comptent pour statuer sur le litige ;
4 kwemeza niba ibisobanuro byinyongera

bikenewe ku kirego no ku myanzuro yo
kwiregura nuburyo byakongerwamo;
4 determine whether additional material

facts on the claim or defence are required
and the procedure to follow in relation to
such a course of action;
4 dterminer la ncessit et les modalits

dinsertion
des
prcisions
supplmentaires la demande et aux
conclusions en dfense;
235

5 gusaba ababuranyi ko imyanzuro yanditse 5 request parties to clarify their written
yanononsorwa muri rusange cyangwa ku
submissions either in general or on a
ngingo yihariye;
particular issue;
5 ordonner aux parties de prsenter des

conclusions crites de faon explicite en
gnral ou sur un point particulier ;
6 gusaba ababuranyi kwerekana ibimenyetso

bishingiye ku nyandiko zerekeranye
nikirego, mu gihe ntarengwa yagennye;
6 request parties to present to the court

evidence alluded to in the pleadings within
a fixed period of time ;
6 ordonner aux parties de produire des

documents de preuve relatifs laffaire
et ce, dans un dlai prescrit ;
7 gusaba ababuranyi kugaragaza no

gushyikiriza urukiko imyanzuro yabantu
bafite ubumenyi ku kiburanwa hamwe
nubuhamya bwabatangabuhamya;
7 request parties to present and transmit to

court any report of a expert on the subject
matter and to ensure that witnesses testify;
7 ordonner aux parties de prsenter et de

dposer la juridiction des conclusions
des experts dans le domaine relatif au
litige et des dclarations des tmoins ;
8 gufata
ibyemezo
byagateganyo
birengera inyungu zababuranyi;
8 granting protective measures to protect

interests of the parties;
8 prendre des mesures conservatoires dans

lintrt des parties ;
9 gukomereza iburanisha ryibanze ku 9 proceeding with the preliminary hearing of

yindi tariki yagenwa;
the case to another date;
9 reprendre laudience prliminaire une

date ultrieure donne ;
10 kwemeza,
abyumvikanyeho 10 passing a judgment in respect to a matter
nababuranyi, ko yafata icyemezo nta
without going into the substantive
buranisha mu mizi ribaye;
hearing after consulting the parties;
10 dcider, en accord avec les parties, de la

possibilit de prendre une dcision
sans audience sur le fond;
11 gufata icyemezo cyose asanga

ngombwa mu guca urubanza vuba;
ari
11 take any other order deemed necessary to

expedite completion of the case;
11 rendre toute ordonnance quil juge

ncessaire au rglement rapide de
laffaire.
Bitabangamiye ibiteganywa mu gace ka 9

kigika cya mbere cyiyi ngingo, iyo
umucamanza asoje iburanisha ryibanze,
ashobora guhita aburanisha muri uwo mwanya
urubanza mu mizi yarwo cyangwa kugena indi
Without prejudice to the provisions of part 9

paragraph one of this Article, if the judge
concludes the preliminary hearing, he or she
can decide to hear the matter immediately or
refer the hearing to another date .
Sans prjudice des dispositions du point 9 de

lalina premier du prsent article, la
clture de laudience prliminaire, le juge
peut dcider dexaminer sance tenante
laffaire au fond ou renvoyer laffaire une
236

autre date quil dtermine.
tariki iburanisha ryimuriweho.
Umucamanza ashobora kandi guhitamo The judge may also decide to proceed with Le juge peut galement dcider de procder
guhuza ababuranyi mu gihe bishoboka.
the conciliation of the parties where possible. la conciliation des parties si possible.
Icyakora, iyo ubuhuza budashoboye kurangiza However, if conciliation does not succeed, Toutefois, si la conciliation naboutit pas, ce
ikibazo, uwo mucamanza ntashobora kujya mu the judge shall not examine the case on the juge ne peut pas connatre de cette affaire sur
iburanisha ryurubanza mu mizi yarwo.
merits.
le fond.
Ingingo ya 356: Isubikwa ryiburanisha Article 356: Adjournment of a preliminary Article 356:
ryibanze
hearing
prliminaire
Remise
de
laudience
Nta buranisha ryibanze rishobora gusubikwa,

keretse
iyo
hari
impamvu
yihariye
yashyikirijwe urukiko nibura iminsi itanu (5)
yakazi mbere yumunsi wiburanisha
ryibanze.
There shall be no adjournment of a

preliminary hearing unless a sufficient reason
is presented to the court at least five working
days (5) before the preliminary hearing date.
Aucune remise de laudience prliminaire ne

peut tre dcide quen cas de raison spciale
prsente la juridiction au moins cinq (5)
jours ouvrables avant la date fixe pour
laudience prliminaire.
Icyiciro cya 3 : Iburanisha mu mizi
Section 3 : Hearing of a case on the merits
Section 3: Audience sur le fond
Ingingo ya 357: Ikirego kiregera kwiregura Article 357: A counterclaim and a claim Article 357: Demande reconventionnelle et
no kurega uwishingiye
against a guarantor
appel en garantie
Ikirego kiregera kwiregura no kurega A counter claim and claim against a guarantor La demande reconventionnelle et lappel en
uwishingiye bikorwa mu buryo bwanditse shall be instituted in writing before the garantie se font par requte crite avant la fin
mbere yo kurangiza iburanisha ryibanze.
conclusion of the preliminary hearing.
de laudience prliminaire.
Mu gihe uwishingiye arezwe, umucamanza
amugenera nibura iminsi umunani (8) yo
kugirango atange ingingo ze zo kwiregura
hakoreshejwe
ihamagara.
Ihamagara
rishyikirizwa uwishingiye rikorwa mu buryo
When a guarantor is sued, the judge will give

such a party at least eight (8) days to prepare
his/her defence. The summons calling the
guarantor shall be done in accordance with
237
En cas dappel en garantie, le juge accorde au

garant un dlai dassignation de huit (8) jours
au moins pour produire ses moyens de
dfense. Lassignation est faite au garant dans
les formes prvues larticle 34 de la

buteganywa ningingo ya 34 yiri tegeko.
prsente loi.
Ingingo ya 358: Isubikwa ryurubanza
Article 358: Adjournment of a case
Article 358: Remise de laffaire
Igihe cyose mbere yicibwa burundu

ryurubanza,
umucamanza
ashobora,
abyibwirije cyangwa abisabwe numwe mu
baburanyi, gusubika urubanza cyangwa gufata
ikindi cyemezo yumva ari ngombwa.
At any time before the final decision, the

judge may at his / her own initiative or upon
the request of any of the parties adjourn the
case or take any other order deemed
necessary.
A tout moment avant la dcision finale, le

juge peut, de sa propre initiative ou la
demande de lune des parties, dcide de la
remise dune affaire ou prendre toute dcision
qui lui semble ncessaire.
Mu gihe yemeye isubikwa ryurubanza

ryasabwe numwe mu baburanyi, nyuma
agasanga impamvu nyazo zikibazo cyo
gusaba isubikwa ari amayeri ndindizarubanza,
umucamanza amuca indishyi zakababaro
zigenerwa undi muburanyi kandi akamutegeka
kuzitanga mbere yiburanisha rikurikira.
Lorsquil accorde une remise la demande de

lune des parties, et dans le cas o il constate
que les motifs de la demande de remise
constituent une manuvre dilatoire, le juge
condamne la partie payer les dommages intrts au profit de lautre partie avant
laudience suivante.
Iyo umuburanyi wategetswe kuriha indishyi

atazitangiye
igihe,
acibwa
inyungu
zubukererwe.
Igipimo
cyinyungu
zubukerererwe gishyirwaho hakurikijwe
inyungu yamabanki ishyirwaho na Banki
Nkuru yigihugu buri mwaka tariki ya mbere
Mutarama.
If an adjournment is granted pursuant to a

request by one of the parties and latter it is
discovered that the reason for the
adjournment was sound but intended to delay
proceedings, the judge shall order such a
party to pay damages to the other party and
such damages shall be paid before the next
hearing date.
If a party ordered to pay damages does not
pay by the next hearing date, he or she shall
be subject to a rate payment penalty fee. The
rate shall be determined by the interest rate of
commercial banks as determined by the
National Bank of Rwanda on 1st January of
every year.
Inyungu zubukererwe zibarwa ku kwezi,

bahereye ku munsi ukurikira uwo indishyi
zagombaga kwishyurirwaho kugeza ku munsi
wubwishyu nawo ubariwemo. Buri kwezi
gutangiye gufatwa nkukwezi kuzuye.
The late payments shall be calculated on a

monthly basis starting from the day following
the date on which damages were supposed to
be paid till the date of payment. Each
commenced month shall be considered a full
Les intrts moratoires sont calculs

mensuellement compter du jour qui suit la
date laquelle ils ont commenc courir
jusquau jour de paiementt, y compris ce
mme jour. Tout mois entam est considr
238
Dans le cas o la partie condamne payer

les dommages et intrts accuse un retard de
paiement, il est condamn aux intrts
moratoires. Le taux des intrts moratoires est
dtermin sur base du taux de lintrt
bancaire fix annuellement par la Banque
Nationale du Rwanda le premier jour du mois
de janvier.

month.
comme un mois complet.
Ingingo ya 359 : Ibyemezo mu iburanisha Article 359 : Orders that may be made Article 359 : Dcisions en audience sur le
ryurubanza mu mizi yarwo
when hearing of a case on the merits
fond
Mu iburanisha ryurubanza mu mizi yarwo, The judge may during hearing a case on the Lors de laudience sur le fond, le juge peut
umucamanza ashobora gufata ibyemezo merits make the following orders:
prendre les dcisions suivantes :
bikurikira:
1 kwemeza
niba
urubanza
rwaburanishwa rwose cyangwa igice
cyarwo mu ruhame cyangwa mu
muhezo;
1 to determine whether proceedings

shall be in public or in camera as a
whole or partially;
1 dterminer si laffaire doit tre

entendue en totalit ou partiellement
en audience publique ou huis clos;
2 mu
gihe
urubanza
rugomba
kuburanishwa mu ruhame, kwemeza
ibibazo ababuranyi batangaho ingingo
zanditse bashingiraho;
3 mu
gihe
urubanza
rugomba
kuburanishwa mu muhezo, kwemeza
niba ikimenyetso gitangwa kuri buri
ngingo gishobora gutangwa mu
magambo cyangwa se mu nyandiko,
zaba izarahiriwe cyangwa izitarahiriwe;
2 to make orders in respect to their

written
legal
arguments,
if
proceedings of the case are to be heard
in public;
3 to determine whether
evidence
produced on every argument shall be
oral or in written whether certified or
not, if proceedings of the case are in
camera;
2 prciser les questions sur leurs

arguments juridiques crits dans le cas
o laffaire doit tre entendue en
audience publique;
3 dterminer si la preuve sur chaque
argument peut tre fournie oralement
ou par un crit asserment ou nonasserment, dans le cas o laffaire
doit tre entendue huis clos;
4 hamaze
gusuzumwa
ubuhamya
bwabatangabuhamya,
cyangwa
imyanzuro yatanzwe, kwemeza niba
ibyo bimenyetso bihagije;
4 to make an order whether such

evidence is sufficient, after examining
the evidence of witnesses or
conclusions;
4 dterminer si les preuves sont

suffisantes, aprs les dclarations des
tmoins ou la prsentation des
conclusions;
5 gushishikariza abafite ubumenyi ku

kiburanwa gushyikirana kugirango
5 to encourage experts on the subject

matter to seek dialogue with the view
5 encourager les personnes qualifies

dans le domaine relatif au litige se
239

bumvikane
ku
batumvikanaho;
bibazo
byose
of making them settle the matter;
concerter en vue de parvenir un

accord sur toute question de
divergence;
6 gushyiraho
inzobere
kugirango
igenzure,
mu
izina
ryurukiko,
imyanzuro yabafite ubumenyi ku
kiburanwa banyuranye cyangwa se
ibindi
bimenyetso
byatanzwe,
kugirango iyo nzobere ishyikirize
urukiko
umwanzuro
mu
gihe
ntarengwa kigenwa numucamanza;
6 to appoint an expert to examine on

behalf of the court any report of
skilled persons or other evidence
presented and to report to court on a
date fixed by the judge;
6 dsigner un expert pour examiner, de

la part au nom de la juridiction, les
rapports de diffrentes personnes
qualifies dans le domaine relatif
laffaire sous examen ou toute autre
preuve produite, en vue de soumette
son rapport la juridiction dans un
dlai fix par le juge;
7 bisabwe nababuranyi, kwemeza niba

urubanza
rushobora
gucibwa
hakurikijwe inyandiko cyangwa ibindi
bimenyetso nta buranisha mu magambo
ribaye.
7 upon request by the parties, pass

judgment based on the written
submissions or any other evidence
without adversarial hearing.
7 dterminer si laffaire peut tre

tranche sur la base des pices crites
ou tout autre preuve et ce, sans dbats
contradictoires, la demande des
parties.
INTERURO YA
YURUKIKO
VII:
AMAGARAMA TITLE VII : COURT FEES
UMUTWE WA MBERE:
YAMAGARAMA
Ingingo ya 360:
yamagarama
Itangwa
TITRE VII : FRAIS DE JUSTICE
INGWATE CHAPTER ONE : DEPOSIT OF COURT CHAPITRE

FEES
CONSIGNATION
JUSTICE
ryingwate Article 360: Depositing court fees
PREMIER
DE
FRAIS
:
DE
Article 360: Consignation de frais de

justice
Umwanditsi wurukiko ntashobora kwakira For the following types of actions, the court Le greffier ne peut recevoir de demande et
ikirego ngo acyandike mu bitabo byabugenewe registrar shall not receive claims and register lenregistrer que sil y a eu consignation de
mu gihe umuburanyi atagaragaza ko yatanze them in the relevant register unless parties frais de justice tels que fixs par arrt du
240

ingwate yamagarama iteganyijwe mu Iteka exibit proofs as to depositing court fees as Ministre ayant la justice dans ses attributions
rya Minisitiri ufite ubutabera mu nshingano ze provided for by an Order of the Minister in en cas de demande relative :
mu birego bikurikira:
charge of justice:
1 gutanga ikirego;
1 filing action;
1 lacte introductif dinstance ;
2 gusubirishamo urubanza;
3 kujurira;
2 opposition;
3 appeal;
2 lopposition;
3 lappel ;
4 gutambamira urubanza;
4 third party opposition;
4 la tierce opposition;
5 kubyutsa urubanza rwasibwe;
5application
proceedings;
6 gusubirishamo urubanza ingingo nshya;
6 application for review;
7 kugoboka
rwabandi;
ku
bushake
8gutanga
ikirego
nsobanurakibazo
itanzwe
umwe;
9
gutanga
nsobanurakibazo
bombi;
ikirego
isinyweho
10 gutanga ikirego cyihutirwa.
mu
for
reintroduction
rubanza 7 voluntary interventions;
cyinyandiko 8 exparte application;

numuburanyi
cyinyandiko 9 file a joint application;
nababuranyi
10 filing a summary procedure.
of 5 la rintroduction dinstance ;
6 le recours en rvision ;
7 lintervention volontaire ;
8 la requte unilatrale ;
9 la requte conjointe ;
10 le rfr.
Iyo havutse impaka ku magarama agomba If there is a dispute on the amount of court En cas de contestation sur le montant des frais
gutangwa, zikemurwa na Perezida wùrukiko.
fees to be deposited, it shall be resolved by de consignation, le Prsident de la juridiction
the President of the court.
dcide.
241

Andi magarama yùmugereka agomba All additional court fees which shall be Les supplments de frais verser dans le
gutangwa mu iburanisha hagati agenwa ordered in the course of trial shall be cours de la procdure sont apprcis par la
nurukiko.
determined by the court.
juridiction.
Ingingo ya 361: Abantu basonewe gutanga Article 361: Persons

ingwate yamagarama
depositing court fees
exempted
from Article 361: Personnes exemptes de la

consignation des frais de justice
Aba bakurikira basonerwa gutanga ingwate The following persons are exempted from Sont exempts de la consignation des frais de
yamagarama :
depositing court fees:
la justice :
1abatishoboye , iyo berekanye icyemezo
gitangwa
ninzego
zubutegetsi
zibishinzwe zaho batuye;
1 a destitute with a certificate of

indigence issued by competent authority
of their residence;
1 les indigents munis dune attestation

dlivre par une autorit comptente du
lieu de leur domicile ;
2 Leta yu Rwanda, uretse ibigo byayo

ninzego zayo bifite ubuzima gatozi ;
2 the Government of Rwanda, except its

corporations with legal status;
2 lEtat Rwandais lexception de ses

tablissements et institutions ayant une
personnalit juridique ;
3 Umuntu ufunzwe.
3 a detained person.
3 un dtenu.
Abavugwa muri iyi ngingo badatanga Persons mentioned in this Article who do not Les personnes qui sont dispenses de
amagarama basonerwa no gucibwa pay court fees are also exonerated from consigner les frais de justice prvues au
amagarama iyo batsinzwe urubanza.
paying court fees when they loose the case.
prsent article ne peuvent pas tre
condamnes au paiement des dpens et frais
de justice.
Ingingo ya 362:
yamafaranga
Isubizwa
ryingwate Article 362: Refunding court fees deposit
Article 362: Restitution des frais de

consignation
Umwakirizi wimari yUrukiko wakiriye The court accountant who received the Le comptable de la juridiction qui reoit les
ingwate yamafaranga avana amafaranga deposits shall deduct the court fees from the frais de consignation dduit des sommes
242

yibyakozwe mu rubanza mu mafaranga deposits of the losing party and refund him / consignes par la partie perdante les dpenses
umuburanyi watsinzwe yatanzeho ingwate, her the remaining money on presentation of et lui restitue la diffrence sur prsentation
asigaye akayamusubiza abyerekaniye kitansi the receipt.
dune quittance de paiement.
yayatangiyeho.
Iyo yatanzwe numuburanyi watsinze kandi
abyerekaniye
kitansi
yayatangiyeho,
umwakirizi wimari arayamusubiza, hanyuma
Umuhesha winkiko akazaba ayishyuza
uwayaciwe nurukiko igihe urubanza ruzaba
rutagishoboye kujuririrwa.
If the sum was deposited by the winning

party, the court accountant shall refund
him/her on presentation of a receipt, and the
bailiff shall oblige the party ordered by the
court to pay the costs to do so by the time the
judgment is no longer appealable.
Si elles ont t consignes par la partie

gagnante, elles lui sont restitues sur
prsentation dune quittance de paiement et
lhuissier en poursuit le remboursement la
partie condamne lorsque le jugement nest
plus appelable.
Uwo watsinzwe ni na we ugomba gutanga The losing party also must pay any additional La partie perdante doit payer le supplment
amafaranga yinyongera nkuko Urukiko costs as determined by the court.
ventuel tel que fix par le jugement.
rwayaciye.
Amagarama yurukiko abarwa numwanditsi
wUrukiko.
Amafaranga yamagarama yurukiko abikwa
mu isanduku yAkarere, iyo yaciwe nUrukiko
rwIbanze cyangwa Rwisumbuye. Ashyirwa
mu isanduku ya Leta, iyo yaciwe nizindi
Nkiko.
The Court Registrar assesses court fees.

Court fees shall be deposited on the account
of the District, if the judgement was rendered
by the Primary Court or Intermediate Court.
They shall be deposited in the Government
treasury if the judgement was rendered by
other courts.
Ltat des frais de justice est dress par le

Greffier de la juridiction.
Les frais de justice sont verss dans la caisse
du District lorsquils sont perus par le
Tribunal de Base ou de Grande Instance. Ils
sont verss au Trsor Public lorsquils sont
perus par dautres juridictions.
Minisitiri ufite ubutabera mu nshingano ze, The Minister in charge of justice shall Le Ministre ayant la justice dans ses
agena uburyo ibikubiye muri iyi ngingo determine
modalities
through
which attributions
dtermine
les
modalits
bishyirwa mu bikorwa.
provisions of this Article shall be dapplication du prsent article.
implemented.
Nyuma yamezi atandatu (6) urubanza ruciwe No court fees deposit shall be refunded after Aprs six (6) mois de la date laquelle le
ntawishyuza ingwate yamagarama. Iyo six (6) months as of the date on which the judgement est rendu, les frais de consignation
243

ngwate yamagarama ishyirwa mu isanduku ya judgement is ordered. Such deposit shall be ne sont pas remboursables. Ces frais sont
Leta kandi ntiyongera gukurikiranwa.
put on public account and shall not be verss au trsor public et personne ne peut les
claimed for.
rclamer.
UMUTWE
WA
II:
UMUBARE CHAPTER II: SCALE OF COURT FEES
WAMAFARANGA YURUKIKO
Ingingo ya 363: Igenwa ryinyandiko Article 363: Determining
zitangwa mu nkiko nikiguzi cyazo
documents and their price
the
CHAPITRE II : TARIF DES FRAIS DE

JUSTICE
court Article 363: Dtermination des actes de

procdure et des frais y applicables
Minisitiri ufite ubutabera mu nshingano ze The Minister in charge of Justice shall Les actes de procdure ainsi que les frais qui
agena inyandiko zitangwa mu nkiko zose determine the court documents issued in all leur sont applicables sont dtermins par
nikiguzi cyazo.
courts and fees applicable thereto.
arrt du Ministre ayant la justice dans ses
attributions.
Article 364: Itangwa ku buntu rya Article 364: Delivering an authentic copy Article 364: Delivrance dune grosse,
matolewo, inyandiko ihinnye yurubanza of judgement, an extract of the judgment, expdition, extrait ou une copie en dbet
cyangwa kopi yurubanza
or a copy of judgment free of charge
Igihe Perezida wurukiko rwaciye urubanza
asanze umuburanyi atishoboye, ategeka ko
bamuha
matolewo,
inyandiko
ihinnye
yùrubanza
cyangwa
kopi
yurubanza
atishyuye. Munsi yurwo rupapuro rutanzwe,
bandikaho ko rutangiwe ubuntu.
If the President of the court which rendered

the judgment confirms that a party is a
destitute person, he/ she may order for an
authentic copy of judgment, an extract of the
judgment, or a copy of judgment free of
charge. The fact that the document was given
free of charge shall be indicated at the bottom
of the issued document.
En cas dindigence constate par le Prsident

de la juridiction qui a rendu le jugement, la
grosse, une expdition, un extrait ou une
copie est dlivr en dbet. Mention de
dlivrance en dbet est faite au pied du
document dlivr.
Ingingo ya 365: Igenwa ryamafaranga Article 365: Methods for calculating court Article 365: Modalits de calcul des frais
akoreshwa mu iburanisha
proceedings related fees
relatifs au droulement daudience
Iteka rya Minisitiri ufite ubutabera mu An Order of the Minister in charge of justice Un arrt du Ministre ayant la justice dans ses
244

nshingano ze rigena uburyo amafaranga
ahabwa
abatangabuhamya,
abaganga,
abasemuzi
nabandi
bahanga,
kimwe
nayingendo
zabacamanza,
izabanditsi
binkiko nabahesha bazo abarwa.
sets the methods for calculating the

allowances to be paid to witnesses, medical
doctors, interpreters and other experts, as well
as those of transportation of judges, court
registrars and court bailiffs.
attributions fixe les modalits de calcul des

indemnits alloues aux tmoins, mdecins,
interprtes et autres experts ainsi que les frais
de transport des juges, greffiers et huissiers.
Ingingo ya 366: Ibishingirwaho mu kugena Article 366: Determining fees spent during Article 366: Dtermination
amafaranga akoreshwa mu iburanisha
the hearing
occasionns par la procdure
Amafaranga
ahabwa
abatangabuhamya,
abaganga, abasemuzi nizindi nzobere,
abarinzi bibintu byafatiriwe batari abafatiriwe,
nayo
gutwara
abacamanza,
abanditsi
nabahesha binkiko bigenwa ninteko
yUrukiko
imaze
kubona
impapuro
zikubiyemo ibi bikurikira :
1 umunsi imirimo yasabiweho gukorwa
nizina ryumucamanza wayisabye;
des
frais
The allowances payable to witnesses, medical

doctors, interpreters and other experts, and to
the custodians of seized goods other than the
distrainee, as well as the costs for transporting
judges, court clerks and balliffs shall be
determined by the trial bench after receiving
documents that contain:
1 the date of request for the services and
the name of the requesting judge;
Les indemnits allouer aux tmoins,

mdecins, interprtes et autres experts requis,
aux gardiens de biens saisis autres que les
saisis et les tiers saisis, ainsi que les frais de
transport des juges, greffiers et huissiers sont
calculs par le sige au vu de mmoires
contenant :
1 la date de la rquisition et le nom du
juge dont elle mane ;
namazina
2 the nature of the case and the names of

the parties;
2 la nature du litige et les noms des

parties ;
3 ubwoko bwimirimo, umunsi yakoreweho

nigihe yakozwemo, kimwe nibisobanuro
byerekana
umubare
wamafaranga
yayitanzweho;
3 the nature, date and duration of the

services rendered as well as the details
surrounding their costs;
3 la nature, la date et la dure des

prestations ainsi que les lments du
calcul de leur cot ;
4 umunsi cyangwa iminsi ingendo

zakoreweho nigihe zamaze kimwe
nubwoko bwicyabatwaye;
4 the date(s) and duration of the trips as

well as the means of transport used;
4 la date ou les dates et la longueur des

dplacements, ainsi que la nature du
moyen de transport utilis ;
5 byaba bishobotse, nomero ya konti
5 if available, the bank account number
5 ventuellement, le numro de compte
2
ubwoko
yababuranyi;
bwurubanza
245

yugomba guhabwa igihembo.
and address of the beneficiary.
bancaire du bnficiaire.
Amafaranga avugwa mu gika cya mbere

cyiyi ngingo, avanwa mu isanduku yUrukiko
rwIbanze, mu yUrukiko Rwisumbuye, mu
yUrukiko rwUbucuruzi, mu isanduku
yUrukiko Rukuru, mu yUrukiko Rukuru
rwUbucuruzi cyangwa mu yUrukiko
rwIkirenga; mu isanduku yUrukiko rwa
Gisirikare cyangwa mu yUrukiko Rukuru
rwa Gisirikare bitewe nurukiko rwaciye
urubanza,
akazishyurwa
numuburanyi
watsinzwe.
Allowances and fees referred in paragraph

One of this Article shall be drawn from the
Primary court, Intermediate court, High court,
Commercial High Court or Supreme Court,
Military tribunal or Military high Court
treasury depending on the court that rendered
the judgment and refunded by the losing
party.
Les indemnits et les frais de transport viss

lalina premier du prsent article sont
avancs par la caisse du Tribunal de Base, du
Tribunal de Grande Instance, de la Haute
Cour, Haute Cour de Commerce ou celle de la
Cour Suprme, dans la caisse du Tribunal
Militaire ou dans celle de la Haute Cour
Militaire, selon la juridiction qui a rendu le
jugement, mais rembourss par la partie
perdante.
Urukiko rushobora mu gihe bibanye ngombwa

gusaba ababuranyi gutanga amafaranga
akenewe mu guhemba inzobere cyangwa
umusemuzi. Utsinze urubanza asubizwa
nuwatsinzwe amafaranga yatanze ku nzobere
no ku musemuzi.
The court may, where necessary, request the

parties to pay honoraries for experts and
interpreters. The losing party shall refund to
the winning party the honoraries paid to
experts and interpreters.
La juridiction peut, en cas de ncssit,

demander aux parties de payer les honoraires
des experts et des interprtes. La partie
perdante rembourse la partie ayant obtenu
gain de cause les frais verss pour les
honoraires des experts et des interprtes.
INTERURO YA VIII: GUKIRANURWA TITLE

VIII:
NABAKEMURAMPAKA
ARBITRATORS
Ingingo
ya
367:
ubukemurampaka
Itegeko
ryihariye
n'ubukemurampaka.
Itegeko
rigena
SETTLEMENT
rigena Article 367: Law governing arbitration
ibijyanye A specific law shall govern arbitration.
246
BY TITRE VIII : ARBITRAGE

Article 367: Loi organisant larbitrage
Une loi particuliere organise larbitrage.

INTERURO
YA
ZINYURANYE,
NIZISOZA
UMUTWE WA
ZINYURANYE
IX:
INGINGO TITLE
IX:
IZINZIBACYUHO TRANSITIONAL
PROVISIONS
MBERE:
MISCELLANEOUS, TITRE IX: DISPOSITIONS DIVERSES,

AND
FINAL TRANSITOIRES ET FINALES
INGINGO CHAPTER ONE:

PROVISIONS
MISCELLANEOUS CHAPITRE PREMIER: DISPOSITIONS

DIVERSES
Ingingo ya 368: Ingingo zigenga ibihe

byagenwe
Article 368: Provisions governing fixed

periods
Article 368 : Dispositions rgissant les

dlais tablis
Usibye mu gihe itegeko ryaba ribiteganya

ukundi,
ibihe byagenwe mu
manza
zìmbonezamubano, izubucuruzi, izumurimo
nizùbutegetsi bikurikiza amategeko avugwa
muri uyu mutwe.
Unless the law provides otherwise, time limits

fixed in civil, commercial, labour and
administrative cases shall be governed by the
provisions of this Chapter.
Sauf si la loi en dispose autrement, les dlais

tablis en matire de procdure civile,
commerciale, sociale et administrative sont
soumis aux rgles nonces au prsent
chapitre.
Ingingo ya 369: Ibarwa ryibihe bibarwa Article 369: Calculating time limits set in Article 369: Computation des dlais fixs
mu minsi cyangwa mu masaha
terms of days or hours
en jours ou en heures
Ku bihe bibarwa mu minsi cyangwa mu
masaha, bibarwa umunsi ku munsi, nìsaha ku
isaha hakurikijwe igihe bimara kandi umunsi
igikorwa cyakoreweho ntubarwamo, ahubwo
habarwa umunsi wa nyuma kigomba
kurangiriraho.
The time limits set in terms of days or hours

shall be calculated from date to date, or hour
to hour. The day of the act or event that gave
rise to the claim is not taken into account but
the day of expiration is included.
Les dlais fixs en jour ou en heures se

comptent de jour au jour ou dheure heure et
ne comportent point le jour de lacte ou de
lvnement qui leur donne cours, tandis
quils comprennent intgralement le jour de
leur chance.
Ingingo ya 370: Ibarwa ryibihe ku Article 370: Calculating official public Article 370: Computation des jours fris
birebana n iminsi yìkiruhuko yemewe holidays and week ends
lgaux et jours chms
niminsi yimpera yicyumweru
Iminsi yìkiruhuko yemewe niminsi yimpera Official public holidays and weekends shall Les jours fris lgaux et les jours chms ne
yicyumweru ntabwo ibarwa mu kubara ibihe not be included in computing the periods sont pas compris dans les dlais prvus
247

bivugwa mu ngingo ya 369. Nyamara, iyo
umunsi igikorwa kigomba kurangiriraho ari
umunsi wìkiruhuko, icyo gihe cyongerwaho
umunsi ukurikira wàkazi.
provided for by Article 369. However, if the

last date on which an act is supposed to end is
a public holiday, the expiry of the time limit
shall be extended to the next working day.
larticle 369. Toutefois, si le jour de

lchance est un jour fri lgal, lchance
du dlai est reporte au plus prochain jour
ouvrable.
Ingingo ya 371: Ibarwa ryibihe byagenwe Article 371: Counting periods fixed in Article 371: Computation des dlais tablis
mu mezi no mu mwaka
months and years
en mois et en annes
Ku bihe byagenwe mu mezi no mu mwaka, The periods fixed in months and years shall Les dlais tablis en mois et en annes se
bibarwa kuva ku itariki ibanza kugeza ku be counted from the first date to the eve of the comptent de quantime veille de quantime.
munsi ubanziriza itariki ya nyuma igikorwa last day.
kigomba kurangiriraho.
Ingingo ya 372:
yakererewe kujurira
Igihe
umuburanyi Article 372: Delay in filing an appeal
Igihe umuburanyi yakererewe kwiyambaza

inzira zubujurire bitewe nimpamvu zikomeye
zitunguranye kandi zidaturutse ku bushake
bwe, igihe cyo kujurira kirongerwa kugeza
igihe izo mpamvu zirangiriye.
When a party delays in complying with time

limits of procedures of appeal due to
exceptional reasons that are beyond his/her
control, the time limit for filing the appeal
shall be extended until such reasons cease to
exist.
Article 372: Introduction dun recours

tardif
En cas dintroduction dun recours tardif, par
suite dune circonstance exceptionnelle
indpendante de la volont du demandeur, le
dlai de recours est prolong dòffice jusqu
la cessation de lempchement.
UMUTWE WA KABIRI: INGINGO CHAPTER II : TRANSITIONAL AND CHAPITRE

II:
DISPOSITIONS
ZINZIBACYUHO NIZISOZA
FINAL PROVISIONS
TRANSITOIRES ET FINALES
Ingingo ya 373: Itegeko rikurikizwa ku Article 373: Law applicable to pending Article 373 : Loi applicable aux affaires
manza zikiburanishwa mu Nkiko
cases
pendantes
Imanza zikiburanishwa mu Nkiko igihe iri Cases pending before courts at the time of Les affaires pendantes devant les Cours et
tegeko ritangiye gukurikizwa, ziburanishwa publication of this Law shall be governed by Tribunaux la date dèntre en vigueur de la
mu buryo bukurikije iri tegeko, ariko ntacyo provisions of this Law; however procedural prsente loi sont juges en application de la
248

rihinduye ku mihango yiburanisha yakozwe acts already conducted before its publication prsente loi sans aucun effet rtroactif sur les
mbere yuko ritangazwa.
shall remain valid.
actes de procdure accomplis avant la
publication de la prsente loi.
Iri tegeko ntirikurikizwa mu gihe ribangamiye
uburenganzira
umuburanyi
yahabwaga
nitegeko ryari risanzweho. Muri icyo gihe
hakurikizwa itegeko ryahaga umuburanyi
ubwo burenganzira.
Provisions of this Law shall not apply if they

jeopardize the rights of a party recognized to
him/her by the former law. In that case, the
Law recognizing the partys rights shall
prevail.
Il nest drog aux dispositions de la prsente

loi quen cas dincompatibilit entre des
droits acquis par une partie sous lancienne loi
et ceux institus par la prsente loi, dans ce
cas lancienne loi devient dapplication.
Ingingo ya 374 : Itegurwa, isuzumwa Article 374 : Drafting, consideration and Article 374 : Initiation, examen et adoption
nitorwa ryiri tegeko
adoption of this Law
de la prsente loi
Iri tegeko ryateguwe mu rurimi rwIgifaransa, This Law was drafted in French, considered La prsente loi a t initie en Franais,
risuzumwa kandi ritorwa mu rurimi and adopted in Kinyarwanda.
examine et adopte en Kinyarwanda.
rwIkinyarwanda.
Ingingo ya 375: Ivanwaho ryitegeko Article 375: Repealing provision
ningingo zinyuranyije niri tegeko
Article 375: Disposition abrogatoire
Haseguriwe ibiteganyijwe mu gika cya kabiri

cyingingo ya 373 yiri tegeko, Itegeko n
18/2004 ryo kuwa 20/6/2004 rigena
imiburanishirize yìmanza zimbonezamubano,
izubucuruzi, izumurimo nizubutegetsi
nkuko ryahinduwe kandi ryujujwe kugeza ubu
nizindi zose zamategeko abanziriza iri kandi
zinyuranyije na ryo bivanyweho.
Sans prjudice des dispositions de lalina 2

de larticle 373 de la prsente loi, la Loi n
18/2004 du 20/06/2004 portant code de
procdure civile, commerciale, sociale et
administrative telle que modife et complte
ce jour, ainsi que toutes les dispositions
lgales antrieures contraires la prsente loi
sont abroges.
Without prejudice to provisons of Paragraph 2

of Article 373 of this Law, Law n 18/2004 of
20/06/2004 on the civil, commercial, labour
and administrative code as modified and
complemented to date, as well as all prior
legal provisions contrary to this Law are
hereby repealed.
249

Ingingo ya 376: Igihe iri tegeko ritangira Article 376: Commencement
gukurikizwa
Article 376: Entre en vigueur
Iri tegeko ritangira gukurikizwa ku munsi This Law shall come into force on the date of La prsente loi entre en vigueur le jour de sa
ritangarijweho mu Igazeti ya Leta ya its publication in the Official Gazette of the publication au Journal Officiel de la
Repubulika yu Rwanda.
Republic of Rwanda.
Rpublique du Rwanda.
Kigali, kuwa 14/06/2012
Kigli, on 14/06/2012
Kigali, le 14/06/2012
(s)
KAGAME Paul
Perezida wa Repubulika
(s)
KAGAME Paul
President of the Republic
(s)
KAGAME Paul
Prsident de la Rpublique
(s)
Dr. HABUMUREMYI Pierre Damien
Minisitiri wIntebe
(s)
Prime Minister
(s)
Premier Ministre
Bibonywe kandi bishyizweho Ikirango cya

Repubulika:
Seen and sealed with the Seal of the

Republic:
Vu et scell du Sceau de la Rpublique:
(s)
KARUGARAMA Tharcisse
Minisitiri wUbutabera/Intumwa Nkuru ya
Leta
(s)
Minister of Justice/Attorney General
250
(s)
Ministre de la Justice/Garde des Sceaux

CPCCSA Nshya

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Official Gazette n 29 of 16/07/2012

Itegeko /Law /Loi

Official Gazette n 29 of 16/07/2012

LOI N21/2012 DU 14/06/2012 PORTANT

TABLE DES MATIERES

Ingingo ya mbere: Icyo iri tegeko rigamije

Article One: Purpose of this Law

Article premier: Objet de la prsente loi

Ingingo 2: Ibisabwa ngo ikirego cyakirwe

Article 2: Conditions of admissibility of a Article 2: Conditions de recevabilit dune

Article 5: Obligations of parties

Article 5: Obligations des parties

Official Gazette n 29 of 16/07/2012

Article 7 : Dcision sur ce qui a fait objet

kugaragaza Article 9: Burden of proof

bwo Article 10: Right to being heard

Article 9: Charge de la preuve

Article 10: Droit de dfense

Article 11 : Autorit de la chose juge

Ingingo ya 14: Isubikwa ryimanza

Article 14: Adjournment of cases

Ingingo ya 15:Guhana abatinza urubanza

Article 15: Punishment for delaying

ITANGWA CHAPTER ONE: FILING A CLAIM

Article 14: Remise daffaires

Official Gazette n 29 of 16/07/2012

Article 17: Recording a claim

Article 17: Enregistrement de la demande

Ingingo 18: Kutakira ikirego

Article 18: Inadmissibility of a claim

Article 18:Irrecevabilit de la demande

Ingingo ya 19: Ibikubiye mu kirego

Article 19: Contents of a claim

Article 19: Contenu dune demande

Ingingo ya 22 : Imyandikire yikirego

Ingingo ya 23: Itegurwa ryurubanza

Article 24: Cotation de toutes les pices

self Article 27: Rgles rgissant le dsistement

Official Gazette n 29 of 16/07/2012

ruhamagara Article 28: Summons

Article 28: Assignation

bwitumira Article 31:

Article 30: Contenu dune assignation

for Article 31:

Ingingo ya 32: Kugaragaza ubushobozi Article 32:Status of the plaintiff

Article 32: Mention de la qualit dune

Ingingo ya 33: Kumenyesha ababuranyi Article 33: Summoning several persons

Article 33: Assignation destine plusieurs

Modalities of serving the Article 34: Modalits de signification dune

Ingingo ya 35: Ibisobanuro byaho umuntu Article 35:Meaning

and Article 35: Dfinition du domicile et de la

Official Gazette n 29 of 16/07/2012

Article 40: Serving a summons by public Article 40: Signification de lassignation

Ikimenyetso Article 41: Proof of service by publication

Article 41: Preuve dune signification par

Ingingo ya 44: Igihe ihamagara rimara

Article 44: Dlai dassignation

Article 44:Period for serving the summons

Ingingo ya 47: Ihamagara ridakurikije Article 47: Illegal summons

of Article 46: Date et heure de comparution

Article 47: Assignation irrgulire

Official Gazette n 29 of 16/07/2012

IBURANISHA TITLE III: HEARING A CASE AND ITS TITRE