1.

Diagram (a) shows the symbols of atom for element P, Q, R and S.

Rajah (a) menunjukkan simbol-simbol atom bagi unsur P, Q, R dan S.

23
11
(a)

(i)

35
17

37
17

20
10

What is meant by proton number?

Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan nombor proton?

[ 1 mark/ markah]
(ii)

What is the proton number for atom Q?

Apakah nombor proton untuk atom Q?

[ 1 mark/ markah]
(b)

(i)

Write the electron arrangement for atom P.

Tuliskan susunan elektron bagi atom P.

[ 1 mark/ markah]
(ii)

What is meant by nucleon number?

Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan nombor nukleon?

[ 1 mark/ markah]
(iii)

What is the nucleon number for atom P?

Apakah nombor nukleon untuk atom P?

[ 1 mark/ markah]
(c)

(i)

Which atoms have the same proton number?

Atom manakah yang mempunyai nombor proton yang sama?

(ii)

What is the number of neutron of atom R?

Berapakah bilangan neutron bagi atom R?

[ 1 mark/ markah]

[ 1 mark/ markah]

2. Figure 1 shows the set-up of apparatus for an experiment to determine the empirical formula
of magnesium oxide.
Rajah 1 menunjukkan penyusunan radas bagi suatu eksperimen untuk menentukan formula
empirik bagi magnesium oksida.

Figure 1
Rajah 1

Result :
Mass of crucible + lid
Mass of crucible + lid + magnesium ribbon
Mass of crucible + lid + magnesium oxide

= 24.0 g
= 26.4 g
= 28.0 g

Keputusan :
Jisim mangkuk pijar + penutup
Jisim mangkuk pijar + penutup + jalur magnesium
Jisim mangkuk pijar + penutup + magnesium oksida

= 24.0 g
= 26.4 g
= 28.0 g

(a) What is meant by empirical formula?

Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan formula empirik?

[1 mark/markah]

(b) Based on the above results,

Berdasarkan keputusan di atas,
(i) Calculate the mass of magnesium and the mass of oxygen that have reacted.
Kira jisim magnesium dan jisim oksigen yang bertindak balas.

[1 mark/markah]
(ii)

Calculate the mole ratio of magnesium atoms to oxygen atoms

[Relative Atomic Mass: O = 16, Mg = 24]
Kira nisbah mol bagi atom magnesium kepada atom oksigen.
[Jisim atom relatif: O = 16, Mg = 24]

[1 mark/markah]
(iii

Determine the empirical formula of magnesium oxide.

Tentukan formul empirik bagi magnesium oksida.

[1 mark/markah]

(c)

Why was the crucible lid opened once in a while during the experiment?
Mengapakah penutup mangkuk pijar dibuka sekali sekala semasa eksperimen?

[1 mark/markah]
3.
Zinc carbonate

Zink karbonat

Heat
Panaskan
Lime water
Air kapur
Diagram above shows set-up of the apparatus for an experiment when 4 g of zinc
carbonate powder is heated strongly. Solid P which is yellow in colour when hot and white
in colour when cooled and the colourless gas Q are produced.
Rajah di atas menunjukkan susunan radas bagi suatu eksperimen apabila 4 g serbuk zink
karbonat dipanaskan dengan kuat. Pepejal P yang berwarna kuning semasa panas dan
putih semasa sejuk serta gas tanpa warna Q terhasil.
(a)

(i)

(ii)

Name gas Q.
Namakan gas Q.

[ 1 mark/ markah]
State the observation hen gas Q passed through the lime water.
Nyatakan permerhatian apabila gas Q dilalukan ke atas air kapur.

[ 1 mark/ markah]
(b)

Name solid P.
Namakan pepejal P.

[1 mark/markah]
(c)

Write the chemical equation for the reaction in the experiment above.
Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindakbalas yang berlaku dalam eksperimen di atas.

[1 mark/ markah]

(d)

Calculate :
Kirakan :
(i)
The number of moles of zinc carbonates used.
Bilangan mol zink karbonat yag digunakan.
[ Relative formula mass of zinc carbonate = 125 ]
[ Jisim formula relative bagi zink karbonat = 125 ]

[1mark/ markah]
(ii)

The volume of carbon dioxide gas obtained at room condition.

Isipadu gas karbon dioksida yang terhasil pada keadaan bilik.
[ 1 mole of gas occupied 24 dm3 at room condition ]
[ 1 mol gas menempati ruang 24 dm3 pada keadaan bilik ]

[3mark/ markah]

(iii)

The number of molecules in carbon dioxide gas.

Bilangan molekul di dalam gas karbon dioksida.
[ Avogadros Constant = 6.02 1023 mol-1 ]
[ Pemalar Avogadro = 6.02 1023 mol-1 ]

[3mark/ markah]

4.

(i)

What is the chemical symbol used to represent one water molecule?

Apakah simbol kimia yang digunakan untuk mewakili satu molekul air?

[1mark/markah]

(ii)

b(i)

What is the name of the isotope of an element used as a standard in determining

relative atomic mass?
Apakah nama isotop bagi unsur yang digunakan sebagai rujukan piawai untuk
menentukan jisim atom relatif?

[1 mark/markah]
What is the mass of 6.0dm3 of carbon dioxide gas, CO2 at standard temperature and
pressure?
[1 mole of gas occupies 24 dm3 at standard temperature and pressure;
Relative atomic mass for CO2 = 44]
Apakah jisim bagi 6.0dm3 gas karbon dioksida, CO2 pada suhu dan tekanan piawai?
[1 mol gas menepati ruang 24 dm3 pada suhu dan tekanan piawai;
Jisim atom relatif;CO2 = 44]

[3 marks/markah]

(ii)

How many molecules are there in 6.0 dm3 of carbon dioxide gas?
[Avogadro number = 6.02 x 1023]

[3mark/markah]
(iii)

Explain briefly the relationship between the volume, mass and the number of
molecules of carbon dioxide in 2b(i) and 2b(ii) at standard temperature and
pressure.
Terangkan hubungan antara isipadu, jisim dan bilangan molekul bagi karbon
dioksida di 2b(i) dan 2b(ii) pada suhu dan tekanan piawai.

[3 marks/markah]

(b)

Diagram 3.2 shows two balloons containing oxygen gas and carbon dioxide gas
respectively.
Diagram 3.2 menunjukkan dua belon mengandungi gas oksigen dan gas karbon
dioksida.

0.5 mol
oxygen gas, O2

0.5 mol
Carbon dioxide gas, CO2

Balloon A

Balloon B
Diagram 3.2

(i)

Based on the given information:

Berdasarkan maklumat diberikan
Calculate the mass of oxygen gas in balloon A
[Relative atomic mass : O = 16]

Kira jisim gas oksigen dalam belon A

[Jisim atom relatif : O = 16]

[3mark/markah]
(ii)

Calculate the volume of carbon dioxide gas in balloon B.

[Molar volume of gas = 24 dm3mol-1 at room temperature and pressure]
Kira isipadu gas karbon dioksida dalam belon B.
[isipadu molar gas = 24 dm3mol-1 pada tekanan dan suhu bilik]

[3 mark/markah]
(iii)

Compare the number of gas molecules in balloon A and in balloon B.

Explain your answer.
Bandingkan bilangan molekul gas pada belon A dan belon B.
Terangkan jawapan anda.

[2 marks/markah]