LTE-AdvancedOvercoming Design Challenges For 4G PHY Architectures"

LTE-Advanced:
Overcoming Design Challenges

for 4G PHY Architectures
2011
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Copyright 2011 Agilent Technologies
Agenda
Standards Overview
LTE-Advanced - New Features
LTE-Advanced - Channel Model
Introduction to Agilent SystemVue
Design Challenges
Working algorithmic reference
Flexible early verification & project NRE
Carrier Aggregation & RF stress
MIMO & Channel considerations
Verification increasing
Conclusion and Q&A
2011
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2
LTE-Advanced Requirement
Performance indicators
Peak data rate

Peak spectrum
efficiency [bps/Hz]
LTE
Release 8
IMT-Advanced
LTEAdvanced
Release 10
DL
UL
DL
300 Mb/s
75 Mb/s
15 [bps/Hz]
1Gb/s
15 [bps/Hz]
1 Gb/s
500 Mb/s
30 [bps/Hz]
UL
3.75 [bps/Hz]
6.75 [bps/Hz]
15 [bps/Hz]
< 100 ms
< 5 ms
Up to 20 MHz
200 Active users per
cell in 5 MHz
100 ms
10 ms
Up to 40 MHz
Up to 200 UEs per
cell in 5 MHz
< 50 ms
< Rel 8 LTE
Up to 100 MHz
3 times higher than
that in LTE
Control plane latency

User plane latency
Scalable bandwidth support
VoIP capacity
Cell
spectrum efficiency
(bps/Hz)
DL
UL
Cell edge
spectrum efficiency
(bps/Hz)
DL
UL
2011
2x2
4x2
4x4
1x2
2x4
2x2
4x2
4x4
1x2
2x4
1.69
1.87
2.67
0.735
0.05
0.06
0.08
0.024
-
2.6
0.075
2.4
2.6
3.7
1.2
2.0
0.07
0.09
0.12
0.04
0.07
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3
Release 10 Activity (LTE-Advanced)

LTE-Advanced Enhancements
(relative to Release 8/9, LTE)
Emerging Technologies
(Release 10 & beyond)
Carrier aggregation (CA)

- Contiguous and non-contiguous
- Control channel design for UL/DL
Relaying (multi-hop transmission)
Coordinated multipoint (CoMP)

transmission and reception
Enhanced multiple access scheme

- Clustered SC-FDMA
- Simultaneous Control and Data
Support for heterogeneous networks
LTE self-optimizing networks (SON)
HeNB and HeNB mobility

enhancements
CPE RF requirements
Enhanced MIMO transmission

- Downlink 8 antennas, 8 streams
- Uplink 4 antennas, 4 streams
2011
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4
LTE Key Parameters (review)

LTE-A builds on top of LTE Parameters and Frame Structure
UL adopts single carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA )
allows for commonality with the downlink OFDMA scheme
Access
scheme
DL
OFDMA
UL
SC-FDMA
Bandwidth
1.4, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20 MHz
Minimum TTI
1 ms
Subcarrier spacing
15 kHz
Cyclic prefix
length
Short
4.7 us
Long
16.7 us
Modulation
QPSK, 16-QAM, 64-QAM
S ti l multiplexing
Spatial
lti l i
Single
Si
l llayer ffor UL per UE
Up to 4 layers for DL per UE
MU-MIMO supported for UL and DL
REV-090003r1 IMT-Advanced Evaluation Workshop 17 18 December, 2009, Beijing
2011
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5
LTE Frame Structure (review)

Supports both FDD and TDD frame structures
One radio frame 10ms
One slot
FDD
one subframe
UL
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
fUL
DL
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
fDL
15
16
17
18
19
special subframe
special subframe
UL
TDD
14
fDL/UL
DL
DWPTS
GP
10
11
12
UpPTS
Stefan Parkvall et al The Evolution of LTE towards IMT-Advanced, Journal of Communications, Vol. 4, No. 3, April 2009
2011
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6
LTE-A Enhancement #1: Carrier Aggregation

Wider bandwidth transmission using carrier
aggregation (CA)
support higher data rate

system bandwidths up to 100 MHz (5 component carriers
(CCs))
Backward compatible with

Rel-8 LTE when overlaid in
IMT carrier bands.
Supports both contiguous(figure a) and
non-contiguous(figure b) carrier aggregation.
LTE terminal
20 MHz
LTE terminal
20 MHz
LTE-Advanced terminal, 100MHz
LTE-Advanced terminal, 100MHz
(a) Contiguous carrier aggregation
2011
(b) Non-contiguous carrier aggregation
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7
Downlink Multiple Access Scheme with CA

Downlink OFDMA with component
carrier (CC) based structure
One transport block is mapped within

one CC
Parallel-type transmission for multi-CC

transmission (in good alignment with
Release 8 specifications)
Cross-carrier scheduling is possible
DL control channels (such as PDCCH,

PCFICH, and PHICH) are updated to support
cross carrier scheduling.
cross-carrier
sched ling
Add a Carrier Indicator Field (CIF) to DCI.
Transport
block 1
Transport
block 2
Transport
block 3
Transport
block 4
Channel
coding
Channel
coding
Channel
coding
Channel
coding
HARQ
HARQ
HARQ
HARQ
Modulation
Modulation
Modulation
Modulation
Mapping
Mapping
Mapping
Mapping
20MHz CC1
20MHz CC2
20MHz CC3
20MHz CC4
One eNB
2011
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8
LTE-A Enhancement #2: Uplink Multiple Access Scheme

0
To
IFFT
from
DFT
Uplink adopts Clustered DFT

DFT-S-OFDM
S OFDM
allows non-contiguous (clustered) groups of
subcarriers as well as contiguous subcarriers to be
allocated for transmission by a single UE.
(a) Contiguous subcarriers allocation
support dynamic switching between Rel.8 single

cluster transmission and Rel.10 clustered
transmission
from
DFT
To
IFFT
Simultaneous PUCCH and PUSCH transmission
PUCCH
0
PUSCH
PUSCH
CC
2011
(b) non-contiguous subcarriers allocation
CC
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9
Uplink Multiple Access Scheme with CA
Achieve wider bandwidth by

adopting parallel multi-CC
transmission to satisfy requirements
for peak data rate while maintaining
backward compatibility.
Each transport block is mapped to a
single component carrier.
A UE may be scheduled over
multiple component carriers
simultaneously
Transport
block 1
Transport
block 2
Transport
block 3
Transport
block 4
Channel
coding
Channel
coding
Channel
coding
Channel
coding
HARQ
HARQ
HARQ
HARQ
Modulation
Modulation
Modulation
Modulation
DFT
DFT
DFT
DFT
RB
mapping
RB
mapping
RB
mapping
RB
mapping
CC1 20MHz
CC2 20MHz
CC3 20MHz
CC4 20MHz
One UE
2011
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10
Uplink PUSCH Processing in LTE-Advanced

Transport block
CRC attachment
Figure (a) shows the same channel coding

procedure as LTE.
Code block segmentation

Code block CRC attachment
Channel coding
Rate matching
CQI
RI
ACK/
NACK
Code block
attachment
Channel
coding
Channel
coding
Channel
coding
Data and control multiplexing
Data arrives to the coding unit in the form of a

maximum of two transport blocks every
t
transmission
i i ti
time iinterval
t
l (TTI) per UL cell.
ll
Figure (b) shows the uplink physical channel
processing including MIMO processing.
Up to two codewords can be supported.
Channel Interleaver
(a) Transport channel processing for UL-SCH
(b) Overview of uplink physical channel processing
layers
codewords
Scrambling
Modulation
mapper
Scrambling
Modulation
mapper
antenna ports
Transform
precoder
Resource
element mapper
OFDM signal
generation
Resource
element mapper
OFDM signal
generation
Layer
Precoding
Mapper
2011
Transform
precoder
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11
LTE-A Enhancement #3: multiple antenna transmission

From 4 antennas/streams to 8 antennas/streams
New for LTE-A
Baseline being 4x4 with 4 UE Receive Antennas
Peak data rate reached with 8x8 SU-MIMO
1, 2 or 4
From 1 antenna/stream to 4 antennas/streams
transmitters
and 2, 4 or 8
Baseline being 2x2 with 2 UE Transmit Antennae
receivers
Peak data rate reached with 4x4 SU-MIMO
UE
Focus is initially on downlink beamsteering
up to 4x2 antennas SM is less attractive
2, 4 or 8
Challenges of higher order antenna transmission
transmitters
Creates need for tower-mounted remote radio
and 2, 4 or 8
receivers
heads
Increased power consumption
eNodeB
Increased product costs
Physical space for the antennae at both eNB and UE
2011
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12
Enhanced Downlink MIMO Transmission Scheme

LTE DL MIMO uses antenna ports with cell-specific reference signals (CRS)
LTE-Advanced DL MIMO uses antenna ports with UE-specific reference
signals (DM-RS)
CRS0
Resource
element mapper
Precoding
Layer
Mapper
(a) CRS-based MIMO
Resource
element mapper
CRSN-1
DM-RS0
Resource
element mapper
DM-RSM-1
2011
Resource
element mapper
Precoding
Layer
Mapper
(b) DM-RS-based MIMO
CSI-RS0
CSI-RSN-1
CSI reference signals (CSI-RS)
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13
LTE-Advanced MIMO Channel Model

Geometry-based stochastic model
Similar to WINNER II MIMO channel model
S x U, N Clusters (multipath)
Array 2
(U Rx elements)
Array 1
(S Tx elements)
2011
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14
LTE-Advanced MIMO Channel Model

The impulse response matrix of the U x S MIMO channel
Array 2
(U Rx
elements)
H(t ; ) = H n (t ; )
Array 1
(S Tx
elements)
n =1
H n (t ; ) = Frx ( )h n (t ; , , )FtxT ( ) d d
Where:
Ftx and Frx are antenna array response matrices
for the transmitter (Tx) and the receiver (Rx).
hn is the dual-polarized propagation channel response matrix for cluster n.
The channel from Tx antenna element s to Rx element u for cluster n

is expressed as
M
( ) T
( )
F
F
rx ,u ,V n ,m n ,m ,VV
n ,m ,VH tx , s ,V
n ,m
H u , s ,n (t ; ) =
F

(
)
(
F
a
m =1 rx ,u , H
n , m n , m , HV
n , m , HH tx , s , H
n ,m )
exp j 201 ( n ,m rrx ,u ) exp j 201 ( n ,m rtx , s )
) (
exp( j 2 n ,m t ) ( n ,m )
2011
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15
LTE-Advanced MIMO Channel Model (contd)
Stage 1 of 3 consists of two steps.

1.
2.
First, the propagation scenario is selected.

Then, the network layout and the antenna configuration are determined.
In Stage 2 of 3, large-scale and small-scale parameters are defined.
90
120
2 1 gain pattern
Antenna
Antenna 2 gain60 pattern
1.5
150
30
0.5
180
Antenna pattern
330
210
240
300
270
2011
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16
LTE-Advanced MIMO Channel Model (contd)
In Stage 3, channel impulse responses (ChIRs) are calculated.

Please note antenna pattern should be input to ChIR generation to calculate correlation matrix.
Channel coefficient generation procedure
2011
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17
Agenda
Standards Overview
Design Challenges
Conclusion and Q&A
2011
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18
Unified architecture, verification tools for Layer 1 Comms

Augments general purpose environments, or, stands on its own
Agilent SystemVue
Cross-domain
Cross domain PHY modeling framework, for Model-Based
Model Based Design
PHY IP
Baseband Algorithms
RF Sys Architecture
Dataflow Simulation
RF Simulators
Baseband Hardware Flows
RF Hardware Flows
TEST
DSP/ASSP
GPP/ARM Software
FPGA/ASIC/SoC
Software
Hardware
RFIC / MMIC
Hardware
SiP / Board
Hardware
PHY system integration

and verification
Complete a working PHY using combinations of Software, RF/BB Hardware, Simulation, and Measurements
2011
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19
Integrated, top-down Comms ESL flow

Cross-domain model-based design: RF, Comms, and C++/HDL
MEASUREMENT, ANALYSIS
Algorithms
C++, .m
System design
RF Architecture
Baseband design
PHY Reference
Dataflow Simulation
FlexDCA software
Handwritten
HDL
Custom IP
VSA software
.m/C++ ALGORITHM
HDL Simulator(s)
Target-neutral
HDL Generation
FPGA
Synthesis
Infiniium Scope
.bit
Files
SIMULATED H/W
FPGA Target
Logic Analyzer
Wideband arbs
MXG / ESG
RF sensor
DIGITAL BITS, or MODULATED CARRIERS
REAL HARDWARE
2011
MXA / PXA
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20
10
Agenda
Standards Overview
Design Challenges
Conclusion and Q&A
2011
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21
Design Challenge #1 Working Algorithmic Reference
As a design progresses :
System Architecture Algorithm RTL finished hardware
How many different IP references get written, used, thrown away? (NRE)
Are they compatible? Flexible? Updated?
Are they from a trusted source?
Can you re-use tests and scripting?
Are the BB and RF teams working from the same IP references?

Everyone needs some level of algorithm reference.
reference
Now able to deliver this IP throughout the design flow
2011
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22
11
SystemVue W1918 LTE-Advanced baseband library

What is included?
W1918 LTE-Advance BVL includes:
Release 8
LTE
Release 10
LTE-Advanced
Compiled dataflow simulation blocks
104 parts
66 parts
Optional, add-on
not yet available
10 ref designs
4 ref designs
Testbenches / Reference Examples
16 examples
10 (to date)
Works with existing instrument H/W
Yes
Yes
Works with Agilent 89600B VSA and

SignalStudio software personalities
Yes
Yes
Yes, integrated
Yes, integrated
Yes
Yes,
extended for LTE-A
C++ exploration source code

Packaged MIMO Sources/Receivers, w/GUI
Works with Agilent W1716 DPD

Works with Agilent W1715 MIMO Channel
for simulation-based fading
2011
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23
W1918 LTE-Advanced baseband verification library

An open, Golden Reference for model-based design
Algorithmic Development Environment
FPGA Development
Environment
User IP
.m math code
C++
RTL
Test Vectors & scripts
SYSTEMVUE
INPUT VECTOR
Win32 DLL
C++ (special option*)
HDL test bench

HDL VECTOR
FPGA Hardware Test
Code-generation
SYSTEMVUE
INPUT VECTOR
SYSTEMVUE
OUTPUT VECTOR
SYSTEMVUE
OUTPUT VECTOR
FPGA VECTOR
*LTE source code exploration library (W1912) is a special option
2011
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24
12
Algorithmic lifecycle, for Model-Based Design
ALGORITHMIC MODELING
THAT STAYS IN TOUCH
WITH RF & SYSTEM-LEVEL
PERFORMANCE
2011
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25
SystemVue LTE-Advanced Library

Downlink Enhancement
Higher order DL MIMO: Up to 8 Tx 8 Rx Antennas
Support transmission to both R10 UEs and R8 UEs in a single source
Use DMRS to demodulate PDSCH
Precoding Codebook can be customized
Virtual Antenna Mapping: mapping matrix can be customized
Uplink Enhancement
Support Enhanced Uplink Multiple Access (clustered DFT-S-OFDM)
Support
pp Uplink
p
MIMO: up
p to 4 Tx and 4 Rx antennas
Carrier Aggregation
Support both inter and intra-band Carrier Aggregation
for both downlink and uplink
2011
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26
13
Design Challenge #2 Flexible early verification & NRE
How do you verify a standard that keeps Evolving? (the E in LTE-A)

Configuring standard-compliant test benches (such as TS 36.101-104)
requires
i
S
Scripting,
i ti
N
Non-Recurring
R
i E
Engineering
i
i (NRE) project
j t costs,
t
and Reference IP
Many tests also require a completed, operational system, with closed
feedback loop (e.g. for Throughput testing).
SystemVue libraries typically provide
5-15
1 off pre-configured
fi
d testbenches,
b
h
per wireless
i l
standard
d d
Complete working reference PHY to start with.
Parameterized, fully-coded, modifiable Sources, Receivers, etc
Specialized measurements for Throughput, EVM, ACLR, etc
2011
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27
Dynamic Dataflow (simulation technology enhancement )

Enables dynamic MAC-like changes during simulation, while preserving timed RF
CODED
MIMO
SOURCE
Receiver requests dynamic Source changes

Link converges to highest Throughput
HARQ
CODED
MIMO
RCVR
8x8
MIMO
Channel
antennas
fading
doppler
interference
RF TX
RF RX
nonlinearity,
phase noise
nonlinearity,
noise
Updated throughput
throughput status during simulation
simulation, as the
LTE/LTE-A link adapts to an optimal PHY configuration
2011
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28
14
LTE-Advanced DL Throughput
Throughput measurements, up to 8x8, w/active HARQ
ACK/NACK
Up to 8x8 MIMO
Fading, RF impairments
Fully coded/decoded
Closed loop, with
Active HARQ
D1 0 {De la y @Da ta Fl ow M o d e sl }
N= 1
Ou tp u tTi m i n g = Eq ua l To n
I put
D1 {De l a y @Da ta Fl o w M o d e sl }
N= 1
Ou tp u tTim i n g = Eq u a l To Input
Tx RF
Rx RF
Fr eq
Phase
Q
Q UAD
O UT
Mod
A6
NDe ns i ty Ty p e = Con s ta n t n o i s e density
NDen s i ty = 6 .6 6 7e -1 2 W [NDe nsity]
O UT
Re
Phase
Q
N oise
D ens tiy
Fr eq
Im
Am p
D eMod
I
Am p
Re
D7
Ou tp u tTy p e = I/Q
FCa rri e r= 2 e + 9 Hz [FCa rri er]
R6 {Re c tTo Cx @Da ta Fl o w M o d e sl }
M8
In pu tTy p e = I/Q
FCa rri e r=2 e + 9 Hz [FCarri er]
C9
Fr eq
Phase
Im
MIMO
Channel
Q UAD
O UT
Mod
O UT
Am p
Re
M7
In pu tTy p e = I/Q
C8
LT E-A BB Source
Fr eq
Phase
Q
Im
D eMod
Mod
D eMod
A7
NDe n s i ty Ty p e =Co n s ta n t n oi s e density
NDe n s i ty = 6 .66 7 e -1 2 W [NDe n sity]
O UT
Phase
Q
I
Am p
Re
D6
Ou tp u tTy pe = I/Q
FCarri e r= 2 e + 9 Hz [FCa rri er]
Noise
D ens tiy
Q UAD
O UT
Am p
Re
Fr eq
Noise
D ens tiy
A5
LTE-A BB Receiver
Fr eq
Phase
Q
Im
I
Am p
Re
D8
R7 {Re c tToCx @Da ta Fl ow M o d e sl }

UE1 _ T B
S
UE1 _ HARQ
_ B
ts i
Da t a
O tu
UE1 _ P
MI
M6
In pu tTy p e = I/Q
C7
PSS_ M
SSS_ M
O1
Freq u e n c y = 2 e+ 9 Hz [FCa rrier]
Po we r=1 W
Sa m p l eRa te = 7 .6 8 e +6 Hz [Sa m p li n gRate]
PBCH_ M
PCF I CH_ M
PHI CH_ M
11010
o d S y ms b
l
o
o d S y ms b
l
o
o d S y ms b
l
o
o d Sy m
s b
l
o
o d S y ms b
l
o
L TE_A
B4 {Da ta Pa tte rn @Da ta Fl o w M od e sl }

Da ta Pa ttern = PN15
HARQ
PDCCH_ M
Fr eq
Phase
Im
N oise
D ens tiy
O UT
Mod
MI
_ B
ts i U E 1 _ P
S C _ S t a tu
s
O UT
Re
Fr eq
Phase
Q
Q UAD
D eMod
An t 2 _ T
D
Im
I
Am p
o d S y ms b
l
o
DL
UE6 _ M
o d S y ms b
l
o
Ba s e band
An t 1 _ T
D
Re
UE5 _ M
o d S y ms b
l
o
Re c e vi er
Am p
UE4 _ M
o d S y ms b
l
o
UE3 _ M
o d S y ms b
l
o
UE2 _ M
o d S y ms b
l
o
UE1 _ M
o d S y ms b
l
o
U E 1 _ Ch a n n e B
lts i
L TE_A
U E 1 _ D a ta U E 1 _ M
DL
Src
C6
M5
In pu tTy p e = I/Q
o d S y ms b
l
o
f r m
D
F
_
f r m
D
T
_
A8
NDe n s i ty Ty p e= Co n s ta n t no i s e density
NDe n s i ty = 6.6 6 7 e -1 2 W [NDe n sity]
11010
D9
FCa rri e r= 2 e + 9Hz [FCa rri er]
R8 {Re c tToCx @Da ta Fl ow M o d e sl }
LTEAdvance_Channe
l
L 3 {L TEAd v a n c e _ Ch an n e l @M IM O Ch a n n e l M odesl }
L TEAd v a n c e Sc e n a ri o Ty p e=InH
Ca rri e rFre qu e n c y = 2 .5e9Hz
Sa m p le Ra te = 5 e 6Hz
Ch a n n e l L i n k Di re c ti o n = Downn
il k
Se e d =0
Nu m b e ro fTx=2
Tx Po s i ti o n_ X= 0 ;0 [[0 , 0.0]
Tx Po s i tio n _ Y= 0 ;2 [[0, 2]
Tx An te n n a Pa tte rn Ty p e = Om ni Di re cto
i nal
Tx Ro tati o n An g e
l =0
Nu m b e ro fRx=2
Rx Po s i ti o n_ X= 0 ;0 [[0 , 0.0]
Rx Po s i ti o n_ Y= 0 ;0 .5 [[0, 0.5]
Rx An te n n a Pa tte rn Ty p e = Om ni Di re c to
i nal
Th eta Bs=0
Th eta M s=0
M SVe l o c i ty=50
M SDi re c ti o n =30
Dro p Inte rv a l = 0 .05s
Us e Fi x e d CDL Pa ra m e te r= YES
Us e Po l a ri s e = NO
Us e Sh ad o wM o d e l =NO
Us e M a n u al Pro p Co n d =NO
Us e In tra Clu s te rDe l a y s=NO
Us e Pa thL o s s M o d e =
l NO
M s Bs Di s ta n c e=10M
Ch a n n e l Co e ffi c i e n tOu tp u tFl ag=NO
Co rre l a ti o n M a tri x Ou tp u tFl a g=NO
L TE_ A_ DL _ Src _1
Us erDe fi n e d An tM a p p i n g M a trix=NO
UEs _ n _SCID= 0 ;0 ;0 ;0;0 ;0 [[0 , 0 , 0, 0 , 0 , 0]
Fr eq
Phase
Im
Da ta Pa ttern = PN9
LTEAdvanced
Downlink
MIMO source
Q UAD
Mod
I
Am p
Re
O UT
O UT
M4
In p u tTy p e = I/Q
FCa rri e r= 2 e+ 9 Hz [FCa rrier]
C5
Fr eq
Phase
Q
Im
LTELTE
Advanced
Channel
Model
Q UAD
O UT
Mod
O UT
Am p
Re
C4
M3
FCa rri e r= 2 e+ 9 Hz [FCa rrier]
Fr eq
Phase
Im
Mod
Q UAD
O UT
O UT
Re
Am p
C3
M2
UE1 _ Ch a n n e B
lts i
U E 1 _ R a w B tis
Fr eq
Phase
N oise
D ens tiy
D eMod
A3
NDe n s i ty Ty p e= Co n s ta n t no i s e density
NDe n s i ty = 6.6 6 7 e -1 2 W [NDe n sity]
Q
I
Am p
D4
Re
Fr eq
Noise
D ens tiy
D eMod
A4
Phase
Q
I
Am p
D5
m
Re
Fr eq
N oise
D ens tiy
D eMod
Phase
Q
I
Am p
m
Re
Im
D2
FCa rri e r= 2 e + 9 Hz [FCa rri er]
Noise
D ens tiy
Q UAD
O UT
Re
REF
11010
D eMod
B1 {BER_ FER@Da ta Fl o w M o d e l s }
Sta rtSto pOp ti o n = Sa m pe
ls
Bi ts Pe rFra m e = 100

Da ta Pa tte rn = PN9
Phase
Q
Im
I
Am p
Re
O UT
Am p
A1
M1
C2
2011
Mod
LTELTE
Advanced
BER/FER and
throughput
Downlink
MIMO
Receiver
TE ST
A2
NDe ns i ty Ty p e = Con s ta n t n o i s e density
NDen s i ty = 6 .6 6 7e -1 2 W [NDe nsity]
Fr eq
Fr eq
Phase
LTE_ A_ DL _ Rc v_1
UEs _ n _ SCID= 0 ;0 ;0 ;0 ;0 ;0 [[0 , 0 , 0 , 0 , 0, 0]
D3
Greater insight.
Greater confidence.
29
Hybrid Simulation/Test Manually closing a loop

LTE FDD UL Throughput Test (TS 36.141), or BER/BLER
STEP 1
Signal Generator
SystemVue Generates signal, then closes the loop
Customer Hardware eNodeB receiver
Filter
Filter
~
X
A/D
A/D
RU
Filter
3 4
C
P
R
I
DU
DU
DPD Gain
STEP 2
SystemVue
y
LTE decode
VSA 89600 waveform recording
Signal Analyzer
2011
Greater insight.
Greater confidence.
30
15
Pre-configured LTE-Advanced MIMO Sources & Receivers

3 Levels of User Interaction are supported
High level GUI
or
Simplified, tabbed GUI
Detailed pieces
Scriptable
schematic
Open, parameterized,
reference design
H A R Q _ Bits U E 1 _PM I
S C _ S tatus
U E 1 _ C h a nnelBtis
LTE_A
U E 1 _ Data U E 1 _ M odSym bols
DL
f r m _FD
Src
f r m _TD
LTE_A_DL_Src_5
ShowSystemParameters=YES
FrameMode=FDD
TDD_Config=Config 0
SpecialSF_Config=Config 0
Bandwidth=BW 5 MHz
OversamplingOption= Ratio 2
CyclicPrefix=Normal
CellID_Sector=0
CellID_Group=0
UEs_RevMode=1;1;1;0;0;0 [[1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0]]
RB_MappingType=Localized
SS_PerTxAnt=NO
ShowMIMO_Parameters=YES
UEs_MIMO_Mode=0;0;0;0;0;0 [[0,0,0,0,0,0]]
UEs CDD Mode=1;1;1;1;1;1 [[1
UEs_CDD_Mode=1;1;1;1;1;1
[[1,1,1,1
1 1 111
,1,1]]
UEs_CdBlk_Index=0;0;0;0;0;0 [[0,0,0,0,0,0]]
UEs_NumOfCWs=2;2;2;2;2;2 [[2,2,2,2,2,2]]
UEs_NumOfLayers=8;8;8;2;2;2 [[8,8,8,2,2,2]]
ShowUE1_Parameters=YES
UE1_HARQ_Enable=NO
UE1_NumHARQ=8
UE1_MaxHARQTrans=4
UE1_CL_Precoding_Enable=NO
UE1_PMI_Granularity=25
UE1_PMI_Delay=6
UE1_Config=Transport block size
555;2555;2555;2555;2555;2555;25... [[2555,2555,2555,2555,2555,2555,255
UE1_MappingType=0;0;0;0;0;0;0;0;0;0 [[0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]]
2011
MIMO DL Source subnetwork
Greater insight.
Greater confidence.
31
Inside the SystemVue LTE-Advanced Downlink Source

LTE
LTE PHI CH
DL_HI
LayM apPr ecoder
I n p u tP
rs
o
MI
P
Tx _ An
a
te
L T E _ A _ D L _ V ri tn
Mu
A
g
il
p
a
LTE_A DL
LTE_A
n
i p
t
u
M I M O M apper
PDSCHs--->UE2~6
LayM ap
Pr ecoder
I n p u tP
rs
o
o u tp
u
PHI CH_Vir t ualAnt M apping

HI
PHI CH_LayM apPr ecoder
UE_RevMode=0
Fr am eM ode=FDD [ Fr am eMode]
Fr am eM ode=FDD [ Fr am eM ode]
Num TxAnt s=Tx8 [ NumTxAnt s]
Bandwidt h=BW 5 M Hz [ Bandwidt h]
Bandwd
i t h=BW 5 M Hz [ Bandwd
i t h]
CRS_Num Ant Por t s=CRS_Tx2 [ CRS_Num Ant Por t s]
Cyclci Pr ef xi =Nor m al [ Cyclci Pr ef xi ]
Num TxAnt s=Tx2 [ CRS_Num Ant Por t s]
Ant MappingM at r xi =1; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 1; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0[ Ant M appingMatx]ri
PDCCH_SymsPer SF=2; 2; 2; 2; 2; 2; 2; 2; 2; 2 [ PDCCH_SymsPer SF]
Cyclci Pr ef xi =Nor mal [ Cyclci Pr ef xi ]
PHI CH_Ng=Ng 1/ 6 [ PHI CH_Ng]
CelIl D_Sect or =0 [ CelIl D_Sect or ]
HI =1; - 1; - 1; - 1; - 1; - 1; - 1; 1
- [H
I]
CelIl D_G r oup=0 [ CelIl D_G r oup]
PDCCH_Sym sPer SF=2; 2; 2; 2; 2; 2; 2; 2; 2; 2 [ PDCCH_Sym sPer SF]
T x _ A n te
a
n
Mu
A
g
il
p
a
UE6_LayM apPr ecoder

UE6_Vri t ualAnt M apping
UE_RevMode=0 [ UEs_RevM ode( 6) ]
UE_RevM ode=0 [ UEs_RevMode( 6) ]
M I MO _Mode=Spat a
i_
l M ux [ UEs_M I M O _M ode( 6)]
NumTxAnt s=Tx8 [ Num TxAnt s]
CDD_Mode=Zer o- Delay [ UEs_CDD_M ode( 6) ]
CdBkl _I ndex=0 [ UEs_CdBkl _I ndex( 6) ]
Ant M appingM at r xi =1; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 1; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0[ UE6_Ant M appingMat rx] i
NumO f CWs=2[ UEs_NumO f CWs( 6) ]
Num O f Layer s=2[ UEs_NumO f Layer s( 6) ]
CL_Pr ecoding_Enable=NO
User Def n
i edPr ecoder =NO [ User Def n
i edPr ecoder ( 6) ]
UE6_Mapper
UE_RevM ode=Release_8 [ UEs_RevM ode( 6) ]
CW1_Dat aPat t er n=PN9
CW1_M appingType=Q PSK [ UE6_CW1_M appingType]
Num TxAnt s=Tx8 [ Num TxAnt s]
RB_Alo
l cType=St ar t RB + Num RBs [ RB_Alo
l cType]
Control Channels
MI
P
LTE DL
LTE
LTE
M
In
m
y
S
d
o
n
i p
t
u
PCFI CH
DL_CFI
RB_Ao
l c=0; 0 [ UE6_RB_Alo
l c]
I n p u tP
rs
o
o u tp
u
LayMap
Pr ecoder
Tx _ An
a
te
Mu
A
g
il
p
a
O tu
Scr ambler
PCFI CH_Vri t ualAnt Mapping
UE_RevMode=0
PCFI CH_LayMapPr ecoder


L4
Bandwd
i t h]
DL_CFI

Ant MappingM at r xi =1; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 1; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0[ Ant M appingMatx]ri
MI
P
MI
P
LTE_A DL
LTE_A
n
i p
t
u
M I M O Mapper
LayMap
I n p u tP
rs
o
o u tp
u
Mu
A
g
il
p
a
M I M O M apper
UE3_Vir t ualAnt Mapping

UE_RevM ode=1 [ UEs_RevM ode( 3) ]
Num O f Layer s=8[ UEs_Num O f Layer s( 3) ]
Ant M appingM at r xi =Real Ar r ay ( 1x64)
W1 { WaveFor m@Dat a Flow M odels}

Explci ti Values=240; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0V [ BCH_Bti s]
LTE_A DL
LTE_A
T x _ A n te
a
n
n
i p
t
u
Pr ecoder
UE3_M apper
UE_RevMode=Release_10 [ UEs_RevM ode( 3) ]
MI M O _M ode=Spat a
i_
l M ux[ UEs_M I M O _M ode( 3)]
CDD_M ode=Zer o- Delay [ UEs_CDD_Mode( 3) ]
NumO f CWs=2[ UEs_Num O f CWs( 3) ]
CRS_Num Ant Por t s=CRS_Tx2 [ CRS_NumAnt Por t s]
User Def n
i edPr ecoder =YES [ User Def n
Bandwd
i t h]
Pr ecodingM at r xi =Real Ar r ay ( 8x8)
CRS_NumAnt Por t s=CRS_Tx2 [ CRS_Num Ant Por t s]
RB_Ao
l cType=St ar t RB + Num RBs [ RB_Ao
l cType]
RB_Alo
l c=0; 0 [ UE3_RB_Ao
l c]
LayM ap
Pr ecoder
I n p u tP
rs
o
o u tp
u
T x _ A n te
a
n
O f f set =0
V
Per o
i dic =YES
Mu
A
g
il
p
a

M I MO _Mode=Spat a
i_
CdBkl _I ndex=0 [ UEs_CdBkl _I ndex( 5) ] Ant M appingM at r xi =1; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 1; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0[ UE5_Ant M appingM at rx] i
User Def n
UE5_M apper
Bandwd
i t h]
RB_Ao
l cType=St ar t RB + NumRBs [ RB_Ao
l cType]
RB_Alo
l c]
MI
P
Im
#r ows
Im
Table(n)
Re
Dynamic
Re
PCFI CH_M apper 1
C9 { CxToRect @Dat a Flow M odels}
R6 { Rect ToCx@Dat a Flow Models}
# cols
LTE DL
[ ]
n
i p
t
u
PBCH_ConvCoder
ChannelType=BCH
I nf oBit sSzi e=40 [ 24+16]
MI
P
LTE_A DL
LTE_A
n
i p
t
u
M I M O M apper
UE2_Mapper
Fr ameM ode=FDD [ Fr am eMode]
Bandwd
i t h=BW 5 M Hz [ Bandwidt h]
RB_Alo
l cType]
RB_Ao
l c]
PDCCH_SymsPer SF=2; 2; 2; 2; 2; 2; 2; 2; 2; 2 [ PDCCH_Sym sPer SF]
HARQ_Bits UE1_PMI
SC_Status
MI
P
LayM ap
Pr ecoder
T x _ A n te
a
n
n
i p
t
u
M I M O M apper
Mu
A
g
l
ia
p

LayM ap
Pr ecoder
I n p u tP
rs
o
o u tp
u
T x _ A n te
a
n
Bandwd
i t h]
User Def n
PBCH_CRC
PBCH_CRC
Num TxAnt s=Tx2
BCH_BlockSzi e=24
I n p u tP
rs
o
o u tp
u
T x _A n
a
te
Mu
A
g
l
ia
p
PBCH_LayM apPr ecoder

Num TxAnt s=Tx2 [ CRS_NumAnt Por t s]
PBCH_Vri t ualAnt Mapping

UE_RevM ode=0
Ant M appingM at r xi =1; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 1; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0[ Ant M appingM atx] ri
PBCH_Scr am bler
LTE
[ ]
BCH G ener at or
BCH_Bti s { LTE_BCH_G en@LTE 8. 9 M odels }

Bandwidt h=BW 5 M Hz [ Bandwd
i t h]
Fr ameNum=0
Fr am eI ncr eased=YES
Mu
A
g
il
p
a
UE4_Vir t ualAnt M apping

M I MO _Mode=Spat a
i_
CdBkl _I ndex=0 [ UEs_CdBkl _I ndex( 4) ]Ant M appingM at r xi =1; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 1; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0[ UE4_Ant M appingM at rx]i
UE4_M apper
Fr am eMode=FDD [ Fr am eM ode]

RB_Ao
l cType]
RB_Ao
l c]
User Def n
LTE
LTE_A DL
LTE_A
I n p u tP
rs
o
o u tp
u
UE2_LayMapPr ecoder
M I M O _M ode=Spat a
i_
l Mux[ UEs_M I M O _M ode( 2)]
Num O f CWs=2[ UEs_Num O f CWs( 2) ]
CRS_NumAnt Por t s=CRS_Tx2 [ CRS_NumAnt Por t s]
LTE
LayMap
Pr ecoder
D3 { Dynam ci Pack_M @Dat a Flow Models}

For mat =ColumnM ajor
B2
Num Bti s=2
LTE
[]
ConvCoder
P11 { Pack_M @Dat a Flow M odels}

Num Rows=40 [ 24+16]
NumCols =1
For m at =Colum nM ajor
U1 { Unpack_M @Dat a Flow M odels}

Num Rows=120 [ 3*( 24+16) ]
NumCols =1
L20 { LTE_ConvCoder @LTE 8. 9 Models }

Fr am eM ode=FDD [ Fr ameM ode]
Bandwidt h=BW 5 MHz [ Bandwd
i t h]
PDCCH_Sym sPer SF=2; 2; 2; 2; 2; 2; 2; 2; 2; 2 [ PDCCH_SymsPer SF]
LTE
PBCH_Rat eM at ch
PBCH_Scr am bler
PBCH_Rat eM at ch
BCH_BlockSzi e=24
L22 { LTE_PDCCH_Mux@LTE 8. 9 M odels}

i t h]
DisplayPor t Rat es=NO
MI
P
LTE DL
LTE
LTE
LTE
LTE
LTE
LTE
M o
m
y
S
d
D a ta
In
DL_DCI _G en
DL_DCI _CRC
ConvCoder
DL_DCI _Rat eM at ch
n
i p
t
u
PDCCH
PDCCH_M ux
LayMap
Pr ecoder
LTE PDCCH
I n p u tP
rs
o
o u tp
u
T x _ A te
a
n
I nt er e
l aver
Mu
A
g
il
p
a
D a ta
O tu
Scr ambler
UE1_HARQ _Bit s { DATAPO RT}

PO RT=7
Dat a Type=I nt eger
Bus=YES
UE1_Data UE1_ModSymbols
DL
DCI { LTE_DL_DCI _G en@LTE 8. 9 M odels}

PDCCH_UE_Aggr eLevel=1 [ PDCCH_UE_Aggr eLevel]
PDCCH_UE_DCI _For mat s=0; - 1; - 1; - 1; - 1; - 1 [ PDCCH_UE_DCI _For m at s]
PDCCH_Com m on_Aggr eLevel=4 [ PDCCH_Com m on_Aggr eLevel]
PDCCH_Com mon_DCI _For m at s=- 1; - 1; - 1; - 1 [ PDCCH_Com m on_DCI _For m at s]
UE_n_RNTI =1 [ UE1_n_RNTI ]
UE1_CW2_ChannelCoder
HARQ _Enable=NO [ UE1_HARQ _Enable]
Payload_Conf g
i =Tr anspor t block siz e [ UE1_Conf g
i]
Payload=2555; 2555; 2555; 2555; 2555; 2555; 2555; 25. . . [ UE1_CW2_Payload]
M appingType=0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0 [ UE1_CW2_M appingType]
DM RS_Num Ant Por t s=8 [ UEs_Num O f Layer s( 1) ]
NumO f Layer s=4 [ UE1_CW2_NumO f Layer s]
UE_Cat egor y=Cat egor y 1 [ UE1_Cat egor y]
RV_Sequence=0; 1; 2; 3 [ UE1_RV_Sequence]
q=1
ChBti _Conf g
i =REs per subf r am e
m
Q
RB_Ao
l cType]
MI MO _Mode=Spat a
i_
PDSCHs--->UE1
UE1_ChannelBits
LTE_A
HA RQ
_
ts B
i
D a ta
In
LTE_A
DL
ChannelD a taO tu
Coder
UE1_Dat a { DATAPO RT}

PO RT=1
Bus=YES
L30 { LTE_PDCCH_Scr am bler @LTE 8. 9 M odels }

Bandwd
i t h]
L21 { LTE_DL_DCI _Rat eM at ch@LTE 8. 9 Models}

Bandwd
i t h]
Dsi playPor t Rat es=NO
PDCCH_LayM apPr ecoder


UE_TxAnt Select o
i n=Non_conf g
i

L5
Bandwd
i t h]
PDCCH_Vir t ualAnt M apping1

UE_RevM ode=0
Ant M appingMat r xi =1; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 1; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0[ Ant M appingM atx]ri

m
Q
m
Q
UE1_PM I { DATAPO RT}

PO RT=8
Dat aType=I nt eger M at r xi
Bus=NO
LTE
D a ta
In
D a ta
O tu
M apper
Range check
Displaymessages
UE1_CW2_M apper
M appingType=0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0[ [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,0
,]
frm_FD
MI
P
LTE_A DL
C SI _
S
R
m
Q
Src
L19 { LTE_DL_DCI _CRC@LTE 8. 9 M odels}

Fr am eM ode=FDD [ Fr ameM ode]
i t h]
n
i p
t
u
LayM ap
Pr ecoder
I n p u tP
rs
o
o u tp
u
T x _ A n te
a
n
D M
RS_
1
E
U
Mu
A
g
il
p
a
m
Q
HA RQ
_
ts B
i
D a ta
In
LTE_A
DL
ChannelD a taO tu
Coder
m
Q
D a ta
O tu
Mapper
UE1_CW1_M apper
M appingType=0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0[ [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,0
,]
UE1_CW1_ChannelCoder
HARQ _Enable=NO [ UE1_HARQ _Enable]
n_RNTI =1 [ UE1_n_RNTI ]
Payload_Conf g
i =Tr anspor t block size [ UE1_Conf g
i]
frm_TD

i_
Num O f CWs=2[ UEs_Num O f CWs( 1) ]
User Def n
LTE
D a ta
In
UE1_Vir t ualAnt Mapping

RS_
2
E
U
RS_
3
E
U
D M
RS_
4
E
U
D M
RS_
5
E
U
D M
RS_
6
E
U
RangeCheck
SC_St at us { DATAPO RT}
PO RT=6
Bus=YES
D at a_
1
E
U

DM RS_Num Ant Por t s=8 [ UEs_Num O f Layer s( 1) ]
Num O f Layer s=4 [ UE1_CW1_Num O f Layer s]
UE_Cat egor y=Cat egor y 1 [ UE1_Cat egor y]
RV_Sequence=0; 1; 2; 3 [ UE1_RV_Sequence]
q=0
ChBit _Conf g
i =REs per subf r am e
LTE_A_DL_Src_1 {LTE_A_DL_Src@LTE Advanced Models}
D M
D M
LTE_A DL Sr c
LTE_DL_M I M O _4Ant _Sr c_RangeCheck
Payload=2555; 2555; 2555; 2555; 2555; 2555; 2555; 25. . . [ UE1_CW1_Payload]

M appingType=0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0 [ UE1_CW1_M appingType]
D at a_
2
E
U
S C _ S ta
s
u
LTE_A
D at a_
3
E
U
St O
d tu
DL_M uxO FDM Sym

D at a_
4
E
U
LTE_A
RB_Ao
l cType]
i_
l M ux[ UEs_M I MO _M ode( 1)]
LTE
D a ta
O tu
DL_M uxSlot
D at a_
5
E
U
SpecShaping
D at a_
6
E
U
P DC C
H
LTE_A_DL_O FDM _M odulat or

Bandwd
O ver sampln
i gO pt o
i n=Rat o
i 2 [ Pr e_O ver sam p]
P HI C
H
L6 { LTE_A_DL_M uxSo
l t @LTE Advanced M odels}
Bandwidt h=BW 5 MHz [ Bandwd
i t h]
O ver sam pln
i gO pt o
i n=Rat o
i 2 [ Pr e_O ver sam p]
P C F IC
H
P BH
C
LTE_A
DL DM RS
LTE
SSCH
L1
[ ]
P1 { Pack_M @Dat a Flow Models}
Num Rows=72
NumCols =1
LTE_A
MI
P
DL DM RS
LTE_A
Lay er _S
mb
y
l M
o
I M
m
y
S
_b
l
o
I n p u tP
rs
o
T x _ A n te
a
n
LTE
PSCH
[ ]
DL DM RS
MI
P
DL DM RS
LTE_A
I M
LTE
DL DM RS
m
y
S
_b
l
o
I n p u tP
rs
o
T x _ A n te
a
n
MI
P
L ay er _ y
m
Sb
l M I M
o
OS
m
y
_b
l
o
I n p u tP
rs
o
T x _ A n te
a
n
DL_M I M O
DM RS5
Disabled: O PEN
Bandwd
i t h]
RB_Ao
l cType]
RB_Alo
l c]
n_SCI D=0 [ UE5_n_SCI D]
User Def n
i edO O C=YES [ User Def n
i edO O C]
DM RS_O O C=Real Ar r ay ( 8x4)
Mu
A
g
il
p
a
DM RS2_Vir t ua
ualAntt M appi
appng
UE1_ChannelBti s { DATAPO RT}

PO RT=5
Dat aType=I nt eger M at r xi
Bus=YES
P o
li ts
Mu
A
g
il
p
a
Pr ecoder
DM RS5_
5 Pr ecode
ecoder
DMRS
S5_
5 Vri t ua
ualAntt M appi
appng
Dsi abled: O PEN
Dsi abled: O PEN
i_
CDD_M ode=Zer o- Delay [ UEs_CDD_Mode( 5)Ant
] M appingM at r xi =1; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 1; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0[ UE5_Ant M appingM at rx] i
CdBkl _I ndex=0 [ UEs_CdBlk_I ndex( 5) ]
User Def n
L3 { LTE_A_DL_MuxO FDMSym @LTE Advanced M odels}

Fr ameMode=FDD [ Fr am eM ode]
Bandwd
UEs_RevM ode=1; 1; 1; 0; 0; 0 [ UEs_RevM ode]
UEs_M I M O _M ode=0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0[ UEs_MI M O _Mod
]
e
UEs_Num O f Layer s=8; 8; 8; 2; 2; 2[ UEs_Num O f Layer s]
RB_MappingType=Localzi ed [ RB_M appingType]
SS_Per TxAnt =NO [ SS_Per TxAnt ]
RB_Alo
l cType]
UE1_RB_Alo
l c]
UE2_RB_Alo
l c]
UE3_RB_Alo
l c]
UE4_RB_Alo
l c]
UE5_RB_Alo
l c]
UE6_RB_Alo
l c]
PHI CH_Dur at o
i n=Nor m al_Dur at o
i n [ PHI CH_Dur at o
i n]
RS_EPRE=- 25 [ RS_EPRE]
PCFI CH_Rb=0 [ PCFI CH_Rb]
PHI CH_Ra=0 [ PHI CH_Ra]
PHI CH_Rb=0 [ PHI CH_Rb]
PBCH_Ra=0 [ PBCH_Ra]
PBCH_Rb=0 [ PBCH_Rb]
PDCCH_Ra=0 [ PDCCH_Ra]
CCH_Rb=0
b 0 [ PDCCH_Rb]
PDC
PDSCH_Power Rat o
i =p_B/ p_A = 1 [ PDSCH_Power Rat o
i]
UEs_Pa=0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0 [ UEs_Pa]
PSS_Ra=0 [ PSS_Ra]
SSS_Ra=0 [ SSS_Ra]
DM RS_Ra=0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0 [ DM RS_Ra]
Ant M appingMat r xi =1; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 1; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0[ Ant M appingM atx]ri
f r m _FD { DATAPO RT}

PO RT=3
Dat a Type=Complex
Bus=YES
Multiplexer, OFDM Modulator, Framing and Spectrum Shaping
LTE_A
MI
P
DL DM RS
LTE_A
Lay er _S
mb
y
l M
o
I M
MI
P
LTE_A
O
m
y
S
_b
l
o
DL_M I M O
Ref er enceSymbol
NumTxAnt s=Tx2 [ CRS_Num Ant Por t s]
Physical Signals
LTE_A
O
DL_M I M O
DM RS2
Pr ecoder
Bandwidt h=BW 5 MHz [ Bandwidt h]
DM RS
S2_Pr ecode
ecoder
i_
RB_Alo
l cType]
RB_Ao
l c]
User Def n
User Def n
i edO O C]
LTE_A
DL_Pio
lt
T x _ A n te
a
n
Mu
A
g
il
p
a
DM RS6_Pr ecoder
DMRS6_Vri t ualAnt M apping
Dsi abled: O PEN
Dsi abled: O PEN
i_
User Def n
LTE_A
Lay er _S
mb
y
l M
o
P2 { Pack_M @Dat a Flow Models}

Num Rows=72
Nu
umCol
Coss =1
I n p u tP
rs
o
Pr ecoder
LTE_A
L2
Ce
elIl D_S
Sect o
or =0
0 [ Cel
eIl D_S
Sect o
or ]
OS
m
y
_b
l
o
DL_M I M O
DM RS6
Disabled: O PEN
Bandwd
i t h]
RB_Ao
l cType]
RB_Alo
l c]
User Def n
i edO O C]
Dat a Type=Com plex

Bus=YES
UE1_M odSym bols { DATAPO RT}

PO RT=4
Dat a Type=Com plex Mat r xi
Bus=YES
P SH
C
L ay er _ y
m
Sb
l M I M
o
Mu
A
g
il
p
a
DM RS3_Vir t ualAnt M apping

f r m _TD { DATAPO RT}

PO RT=2
S SH
C
MI
P
LTE_A
O
DL_M I M O
DM RS3
Pr ecoder
DM RS3_Pr ecoder
i_
RB_Alo
l cType]
RB_Ao
l c]
User Def n
User Def n
i edO O C]
Spect r um Shaper
i t h]
O ver sam pln
i gO pt o
i n=Rat o
i 2 [ O ver sam pln
i gO pt o
i n]
Spect r um ShapingType=Tim eWindown
i g [ Spect r um ShapingType]
WindowType=Tukey [ WindowType]
Cyclci I nt er val=6 [ Cyclci I nt er val]
CI _St ar t Pos=- 3[ CI _St ar t Pos]
DM RS1
Pr ecoder
DM RS1_Pr ecoder
i_
RB_Alo
l cType]
RB_Ao
l c]
User Def n
User Def n
i edO O C]
I n p u tP
rs
o
L ay er _ y
m
Sb
l M I M
o
T x _ A n te
a
n
OS
m
y
_b
l
o
DL_M I M O
Mu
A
g
il
p
a
DM RS4
Disabled: O PEN
Bandwd
i t h]
RB_Ao
l cType]
RB_Alo
l c]
User Def n
i edO O C]
DM RS1_Vir t ualAnt M apping

I n p u tP
rs
o
T x _ A n te
a
n
Mu
A
g
il
p
a
Pr ecoder
DM RS4_Pr ecoder
DMRS4_Vri t ualAnt M apping
Dsi abled: O PEN
Dsi abled: O PEN
i_
User Def n
Up to 2 codewords in input
Up to 8 layers (antenna ports)
2011
Greater insight.
Greater confidence.
32
16
Tabbed GUI of the SystemVue LTE-Advanced DL Source
2011
Greater insight.
Greater confidence.
33
SystemVue LTE-Advanced Downlink TX

Mixed allocation of Rel10 and Rel8 RBs
RB 5-14
allocated for R8 UE
RB 0-4
allocated for R10 UE
2011
RB 15-24
not allocated to any UE
Greater insight.
Greater confidence.
34
17
Enhanced Uplink Multiple Access

Design and test challenges
Clustered SC-FDMA increases PAR by a few dB adding to
transmitter linearity challenges
Simultaneous PUCCH and PUSCH also increases PAR
Both feature create multi-carrier signals within the channel
bandwidth
High power narrow PUCCH plus single or clustered SC-FDMA
creates large opportunity for in-channel and adjacent channel spur
generation
May require 3 to 4 dB power amp backoff for Rel-8
Rel 8 PA
Some scenarios may require 10 dB backoff.
2011
Greater insight.
Greater confidence.
35
Inside the SystemVue LTE-Advanced Uplink Source
HARQ_Bits
SC_Status
CQI_In PUSCH_ChannelBits
LTE_A
HARQACK_In
PUSCH_ModSymbols
UL
RI_In
Data_FD
Src
DataIn
FRM_FD
Frame
LTE_A_UL_Src_1 {LTE_A_UL_Src@LTE Advanced Models}
Up to 2 codewords in input
Up to 4 layers (antenna ports)
Clustered DFT-S-OFDM
2011
Greater insight.
Greater confidence.
36
18
Tabbed UI of the SystemVue LTE-Advanced Uplink Source
2011
Greater insight.
Greater confidence.
37
SystemVue LTE-Advanced Uplink TX, w/2-layer MIMO

Clustered SC-FDMA
Cluster 1
PUSCH
PUCCH
Cluster 2
PUSCH
CCDF ~ 8dB
At 0.001%
2011
The use of clustered SC-FDMA increases the PAPR above

non-clustered SC-FDMA, but not as much as full OFDM
which can exceed the PAPR of Gaussian noise
Greater insight.
Greater confidence.
38
19
Design Challenge #3 Carrier Aggregation stressing RF
Increased bandwidth of Carrier Aggregation drives PAPR to extreme

levels
Crest-Factor
C t F t Reduction
R d ti strategies
t t i are essential
ti l to
t offset
ff t this
thi iincrease
Increased RF bandwidth also exposes frequency-dependence and other
analog degradations, which crosses multiple CCs
Combinations of several factors: Non-contiguous Carrier Aggregation,
the multitude of possible RF Bands, and number of MIMO layers make
these RF designs
g a true challenge.
g
How do you translate real RF limitations back up to system-level
performance? Can you correlate PHY simulations with measurements?
2011
Greater insight.
Greater confidence.
39
Using SystemVue to make LTE-Advanced CA signals

Scenario
number
1
2
TransmissionBWs
ofLTEAcarriers
Deploymentscenario
Singlebandcontiguousspec. UL:40MHz
alloc.@3.5GHzbandforFDD DL:80MHz
Singlebandcontiguousspec.
100MHz
alloc.@Band40forTDD
Singleband,noncontiguous
spec.alloc.@3.5GHzband
forFDD
UL:40MHz
DL:80MHz
HARQ _Bit s
11010
#ofLTEAcomponentcarriers
UL:Contiguous 2x20MHzCCs
DL:Contiguous 4x20MHzCCs
Contiguous5x20MHzCCs
UL:Noncontiguous 1x20+1x20MHzCCs
DL:Noncontiguous 2x20+2x20MHzCCs
BandsforLTEA
carriers
Duplex
modes
3.5GHzband
FDD
Band40
(2.3GHz)
TDD
3.5GHzband
FDD
UE1_PM I
SC_St at us
UE1_ChannelBti s
LTE_A
UE1_Dat a
UE1_M odSym bols
DL
f r m _FD
Src
11010
Im
Fre q
Ph a s e
Q
QUAD
OUT
CCDF
Mod
f r m _TD
LTE_A_DL_Src_1
UserDefinedAntMappingMatrix=NO
Re
I
Am p
OUT
UEs_n_SCID=0;0;0;0;0;0 [[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]]
CCDF
WoCA
Start=0s
Stop=10ms
11010
UE1_PM I
SC_St at us
HARQ _Bit s
CCDF_CA
Start=0s
Stop=10ms
UE1_ChannelBti s
LTE_A
UE1_Dat a
20 MHz
CCs
UE1_M odSym bols
DL
f r m _FD
11010
Src
Im
Fre q
Ph a s e
Q
QUAD
OUT
Mod
f r m _TD
LTE_A_DL_Src_2
Re
I
Am p
OUT
UEs_n_SCID=0;0;0;0;0;0 [[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]]
11010
HARQ _Bit s
UE1_PM I
SC_St at us
Fc
Change
UE1_ChannelBti s
LTE_A
UE1_Dat a
Env
UE1_M odSym bols
DL
f r m _FD
Src
11010
Im
Fre q
Ph a s e
Q
Mod
f r m _TD
LTE_A_DL_Src_3
Re
I
Am p
QUAD
OUT
Spect r um Anal yzer
80 MHz
total
OUT
UEs_n_SCID=0;0;0;0;0;0 [[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]]
11010
HARQ _Bit s
UE1_PM I
SC_St at us
UE1_ChannelBti s
LTE_A
UE1_Dat a
11010
UE1_M odSym bols
DL
Src
f r m _FD
Im
Fre q
Ph a s e
Q
QUAD
OUT
Mod
f r m _TD
LTE_A_DL_Src_4
Re
I
Am p
OUT
UEs_n_SCID=0;0;0;0;0;0 [[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]]
2011
Greater insight.
Greater confidence.
40
20
FDD and TDD LTE-Advanced Carrier Aggregation (DL)

Scenario 1 FDD DL
Scenario 4 FDD DL
Scenario 4 FDD UL
Scenario 2 TDD DL
Link
Configuration
PAPR of single CC,

before aggregation
S
Scenario
i 1
FDD DL
4 20 MH
4x20
MHz CC
CCs
8 45 dB
8.45
9 98 dB
9.98
Scenario 2
TDD DL
5x20 MHz CCs
9.17 dB
11.71 dB
FDD DL
2x20+2x20MHz
8.38 dB
9.58 dB
FDD UL
20 + 20MHz
5.79 dB
6.86 dB
Scenario
PAPR with CCs,

after aggregation
Scenario 4
2011
Greater insight.
Greater confidence.
41
Validating early Standards proposals (such as CA)

Leverage a system/algorithm tool for early architecture reality check
How far away is my existing design? Can I fix it cheaply in software?
Early Algorithm validation

Early RF architecture validation
Trusted 3rd party IP reference
Software defined
Software-defined
instruments help with
emerging standards
support
2011
Greater insight.
Greater confidence.
42
21
Digital Pre-Distortion (DPD)

Models/corrects for
PA nonlinearities and
memory effects
6C-GSM
Memory Effects
Works with test equipment

equipment,
and RF circuit co-simulation
LTE
Achieves 15-20dB for

20MHz LTE; now being
evaluated for LTE-A
LTE-A
Quickly assesses the

correctability of a PA
Can model the dirty PA
for inclusion in Layer 1 link-level architecture studies
2011
Greater insight.
Greater confidence.
43
Digital Pre-Distortion (DPD)
Additional DPD considerations

Wizard-based or manual UI
Built-in signal generation
LTE/LTE-A Crest-Factor Reduction
Iterative model extraction, convergence
Built-in links to calibrated test equip,
AWGs, up/down converters, digitizers
Memory Effect PA model based on
measurements
Additional capabilities for the DPD Modeler

Modeling & Code Generation Develop & deploy your own algorithms
Scriptable, with external API links
Encapsulate a methodology, create a custom UI
2011
Greater insight.
Greater confidence.
44
22
DPD of LTE-Advanced, using M9330A/M9392A

2x20MHz + 2x20MHz non-contiguous CCs, (100MHz signal BW)
For BW 140-250 MHz,
Agilent M9392A is available
- 12bits ADC
- up to 250MHz bandwidth
- over 2
2.5GHz
5GHz
- may require wideband AWG
For BW < 140 MHz:
Agilent PXA is recommended
- 14bits ADC
- can reach down to -100dBm
- greater DPD improvements
Sampling rate=245.76MHz
2011
Greater insight.
Greater confidence.
45
Simulation vs. Measurement DPD Extraction Approaches

SIMULATION-BASED DPD
ADS
(predictive)
ADS & GoldenGate Circuits as simulated RF DUTs

- Complex loading, memory FX, dynamic behaviors
NVNA X-parameter measurement model,
- Great for smaller solid-state devices
GG
CO-SIM, MODELS
CO-SIM,
CO
SIM, MODELS
X-parameters
MODEL
N5241,2 PNA-X
MEASUREMENT-BASED DPD
RF DUT
M9392A PXI VSA (>140MHz)

or N9030A PXA (<140 MHz)
89600
VSA
External Trigger
I,Q
RF
Attenuator
M9330A AWG if > 100 MHz
2011
N5182 MXG
or E8257D PSG
as external modulator
RF DUT
Greater insight.
Greater confidence.
46
23
Design Challenge #4 MIMO and Channel considerations

MIMO multiplicity is adding to the verification effort;
Do 8x4 and 8x8 provide the performance for an ROI?
Virtual techniques (Agilent MIMO OTA approach,
approach and simulation links
from bottom-up EDA flows) can bridge gaps
A surprising level of accuracy is attainable at the algorithm/architecture
stage of a design
Comparable algorithms can be used in both simulation and at-speed
hardware faders; this symmetry can ease the transition to verification
2011
Greater insight.
Greater confidence.
47
LTE-Advanced Channel Modelling in SystemVue

Predictive, simulation-based fading, from 3DEM analyses
FILES
PHYSICAL ANTENNA
PATTERNS
from Agilent EMPro simulations
W1715 MIMO CHANNEL MODEL
LTEAdvance_Channel
antenna
pattern file 1
L2 {LTEAdvance_Channel@MIMO Channel Models}

LTEAdvanceScenarioType=InH
CarrierFrequency=2e+9Hz [FCarrier]
SampleRate=15.36e+6Hz [SamplingRate]
ChannelLinkDirection=Downlink
RxAntennaPatternType=UserDefine3D
MSVelocity=5.4e-3 [MsVelocity]
antenna
pattern file 2
from Anechoic measurements

...
antenna
pattern file N
2011
Greater insight.
Greater confidence.
48
24
LTE-Advanced Channel Modelling in SystemVue

Antenna Patterns, loaded by human
2011
Throughput % vs. array rotation angle

(with/without human)
Greater insight.
Greater confidence.
49
SystemVue 2x2 MIMO Downlink Throughput

Experimental & Simulated results vs. Angle-of-Arrival
1.02
It is possible to get early, realistic systemlevel results for MIMO
2x2 LTE-A
Throughput %
Throughput Factor
0.98
Incorporate preliminary designs for

- Baseband PHY, and user IP
- Industrial design & Antenna placement
- RF transceivers (pre-tapeout)
- Interference, and signaling environment
0.96
0.94
0.92
0.9
0.88
Experiment Results
Simulation Results
0.86
0.84
0
50
100
150
200
AoA in degree
250
300
350
Challenge: Simulation speed, and amount

of actual coverage testing
Transition from Simulations to Test

DUT
2011
Greater insight.
Greater confidence.
50
25
Design Challenge #5 Verification increasing dramatically

Verification dimensionality expanding vs.
BB PHY operating modes of LTE-Advanced, LTE, 3G, WLAN, MIMO
RF Spectral allocations/bands, and analog control settings
Semiconductor processes,
processes battery
battery, and environmental conditions
Scripting, regressions, IP exchange, and testbenches across domains

RF models have been simplistic in Baseband in order to be fast
Baseband Algorithms are dumbed down to static modes for CW RF
no frequency response, no memory effects, noise, or dynamic phenomena
The next generation of tools are addressing these challenges
2011
Greater insight.
Greater confidence.
51
Fast Circuit Envelope (FCE) Verification Modeling

FCE behavioral model is exported
from RFIC circuit tools
1000s of analog transistors
Runs native at the system-level in

seconds, without needing EDA licenses
Accounts for
Power-dependence
Frequency-dependence
Nonlinear memory effects
Frequency translation
ZeroIF/DC and RF carriers
Multiple I/O ports
Internal nodes
2011
FastCircuitEnvelope
PA {FastCircuitEnvelope@Data Flow Models}

File='SIM_PA_2p505GHz_m7dBm_level1_ampaccu...
Greater insight.
Greater confidence.
52
26
Fast Circuit Envelope (FCE) Verification Modeling

Example: FCE model used in an LTE Uplink test
Coded LTE UL
5 MHz source
S t V W1910/W1918 lib
SystemVue
library
11010
Adjust input signal magnitude

TUNE
MODE
O1
Frequency =2.505GHz
Power=0.01W
HARQ_Bits
SC_Status
B2 {DataPattern@Data Flow Models}

DataPattern=PN9
NomGain = -15
CQI_In PUSCH_ChannelBtis
LTE
HARQACK_In
PUSCH_ModSymbols
-50
-15
Manage-Model
1. GoldenGate Cosim
2. FCE level 1, amplitude accuracy 5
2. FCE level 3, amplitude accuracy 5, frequency accuracy 1
2. FCE level 3, amplitude accuracy 5, frequency accuracy 2
UL
11010
RI_In

DataPattern=PN9
11010
Data_FD
Src
DataIn
Im
FRM_FD
Freq
Phase
Q
Frame
LTE_UL_Src_1 {LTE_UL_Src@LTE 8.9 Models}

FrameMode=FDD
Bandwidth=BW 5 MHz [Bandwidth]
Ov ersamplingOption=Ratio 2 [Ov ersamplingOption]
Cy clicPref ix=Normal
CellID _Sector=0
CellID_Group=0
n_RNTI=0
FrameNum=0
Re
G1 {Gain@Data Flow Models}
Gain=0.178 [10^(NomGain/20)]
SCRIPTABLE ENVIRONMENT
SCRIPTABLE PARAMETERS
2011
CxToRect
I
Amp
QUAD
OUT
Mod
OUT
VSA_89600_Sink
FastCircuitEnvelope
Modulator
InputTy pe=I/Q
PA {FastCircuitEnv elope@Data Flow Models}

File='SIM_PA_2p505GHz_m7dBm_lev el1_ampaccu...
RFIC CMOS PA
V1 {VSA_89600_Sink@Data Flow Models}

VSATitle='Simulation output
89600 VSA
FastCircuitEnvelope model LTE demod

Exported from GoldenGate
Greater insight.
Greater confidence.
53
Reliable system-level performance in seconds.

Nominal LTE result (0.4% EVM)
LTE result Compressing PA (20% EVM)
Pout = +10.6dBm, ACLR=37dBc

CPU time = 3 sec (150k points)
2011
Pout = +19.3dBm, ACLR=23dBc

CPU time = 3 sec (150k points)
Greater insight.
Greater confidence.
54
27
Deepest Insights: Direct circuit envelope co-simulation

LTE FDD Uplink Closed-Loop HARQ Cosimulation with Two GoldenGate Instances
11010
CLOSED-LOOP
LTE UL
Throughput

DataPattern=PN9
D1 {Delay @Data Flow Models}

N=7
OutputTiming=BeforeInput
11010
HARQ_Bits
SC_Status

DataPattern=PN9
LTE
HARQACK_In
PUSCH_M od Symbols
UL
11010
RI_In
Da ta _FD
Im
TBS
HARQ_ Bits
F RM _FD
PUCCH_Sym
Freq
Phase
Q
BB_Q _I n
Frame
Noise
Density
S Y S TEM _O UTPUT
Gol den GateCosim
BB_I _I n
Re
S1 {SetSampleRate@Data Flow Models }
G1 {Gain@Data Flow Models}

Gain=0.05
CxToRect
GoldenGateCosim
GG_mix er {GoldenGateCos im@Data Flow Models}

AWGN
Path='GG_ex ample_mixer
Bloc k Siz e=192 [Cos imBloc k Size]
NDens ity Ty pe=Cons tant nois e density
NDens ity =584.2e-15W [NDensity]
GG_LNA {GoldenGateCosim@Data Flow Models}

Path='GG_ex ample_LNA
Bloc k Siz e=192 [Cos imBloc k Size]
DeMod
I
Amp
PUSCH_M odSymbosl
LTE
Im
Frame
Re
Demodulator
OutputTy pe=I/Q
FCarrier=2.625GHz
CQI_Out
UL
Rec eiv er
HARQACK_ Out
Rec tToCx
For cosim demo purpose:

Attenuate signal to fit the
operation range of mixer
and LNA
Dynamic RF behavior
Standards-compliant
High
Hi h accuracy
Directly uses the
I,Q
design databases
(not an indirect model)
2011
LTE
Throughput
PUSCH_ FD
FRM _FD
UL_Src
ShowSy s temParameters =YES
FrameMode=FDD [FrameMode]
Bandwidth=BW 1.4 MHz [Bandwidth]
Ov ers amplingOption=Ratio 1 [Ov ers amplingOpto
i n]
Cy c lic Prefix =Normal [Cy c lic Prefxi ]
CellID_Sec tor=0
CellID_Group=0
HalfCarrierShift_Enable=YES
DataPattern=PN9
Printf_RB_SF_Alloc =NO
ShowPUSCH_Parameters =YES
PUCCH_PUSCH=PUSCH
HARQ_Enable=YES [HARQ_Enable]
NumHARQ=8
Max HARQTrans=4
Pay load_Config=Code rate [Pay load_Confg
i]
Pay load=0.75 [Pay load]
Enable64QAM=YES
MappingTy pe=1 [MappingType]
RV_Sequenc e=0;1;2;3 [[0,1,2,3]]
RB_Alloc Ty pe=StartRB + NumRBs [RB_Alloc Ty pe]
RB_Alloc =0;6 [RB_Alloc ]
11010
CRC
L1 {LTE_Throughput@LTE 8.9 Models}

SubframeStart=1
SubframeStop=1 [SubframeStop]
Status UpdatePeriod=1
GoldenGate
Receiver LNA
Cosim
Src
DataIn

DataPattern=PN9
TBS
GoldenGate
Transmitter Mixer
2.625GHz Cosim
CQI_In PUSCH_Cha nnelBts

i
RI_Out
PUSCH_ Chan nelBts

i
UE_ RawBts
i
UL_Rec eiver
ShowSy s temParameters =YES
FrameMode=FDD [FrameMode]
Bandwidth=BW 1.4 MHz [Bandwidth]
Ov ers amplingOption=Ratio 1 [Ov ers amplingOpto
i n]
Cy c lic Prefix =Normal [Cy c lic Prefxi ]
CellID_Sec tor=0
CellID_Group=0
HalfCarrierShift_Enable=YES
ShowPUSCH_Parameters =YES
PUCCH_PUSCH=PUSCH
HARQ_Enable=YES [HARQ_Enable]
NumHARQ=8
Max HARQTrans=4
RFIC environmt
(remote Linux)
RFIC environmt
(remote Linux)
LowNoise Amp RFIC
Upconvert/TX RFIC
RF
RF
RF
Greater insight.
Greater confidence.
55
Other approaches: Native RF System modeling

Bringing RF System Architectures up to the PHY-level
From
X-parameters
Dedicated simulator for RF system architecture

Local RF analog effects (e.g. - X-parameters)
Drag &drop the whole RF chain into Dataflow
dZ
IF architectures
hit t
Abl
Able tto d
do MIMO and
ZeroIF
To PHY system
performance
To RF System
Architectures
Drag & Drop
To PHY-level Systems
2011
Dataflow modeling on the fly
Greater insight.
Greater confidence.
28
Agenda
Standards Overview
Design Challenges
Conclusion and Q&A
2011
Greater insight.
Greater confidence.
57
System-level tools and LTE-Advanced algorithmic library

Flexible PHY algorithm reference from Concept to R&D Test
Accelerate your Physical Layer
(PHY) design process
trusted open
Save time with a trusted,
open,
independent IP reference
Validate BB & RF integration early
Streamline verification and NRE
Fill strategic gaps using simulation
Interoperate with test equipment,
even while
hil th
the St
Standard
d d evolves
l
Re-use the same Agilent assets
throughout process
2011
Greater insight.
Greater confidence.
58
29
Conclusion
LTE-Advanced PHY presents significant new BB and RF design challenges
The EDA tools are also providing significant new capabilities to address
these challenges. What was shown today is already available.
Seen today:
instrument grade Standards IP reference, usable throughout the design process
Modular top-down ESL design approach across both Baseband and RF domains
High-performance measurement and modeling techniques
Open SW/HW platform, with single-vendor worldwide apps & support
Visitit us att regional

Vi
i
l Agilent
A il t seminar
i
ttours and
d iindustry
d t ttrade
d shows,
h
or on
the web at http://www.agilent.com/find/eesof-systemvue-lte-advanced
2011
Greater insight.
Greater confidence.
59
Thanks!
2011
Greater insight.
Greater confidence.
60
30

LTE-AdvancedOvercoming Design Challenges For 4G PHY Architectures"

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LTE-Advanced:

Overcoming Design Challenges

Greater insight. Greater confidence.

Copyright 2011 Agilent Technologies

Peak data rate

Control plane latency

Copyright 2011 Agilent Technologies

Release 10 Activity (LTE-Advanced)

Carrier aggregation (CA)

Relaying (multi-hop transmission)

Coordinated multipoint (CoMP)

Enhanced multiple access scheme

Support for heterogeneous networks

LTE self-optimizing networks (SON)

HeNB and HeNB mobility

Enhanced MIMO transmission

LTE Key Parameters (review)

1.4, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20 MHz

QPSK, 16-QAM, 64-QAM

REV-090003r1 IMT-Advanced Evaluation Workshop 17 18 December, 2009, Beijing

Copyright 2011 Agilent Technologies

LTE Frame Structure (review)

LTE-A Enhancement #1: Carrier Aggregation

support higher data rate

Backward compatible with

LTE-Advanced terminal, 100MHz

LTE-Advanced terminal, 100MHz

(a) Contiguous carrier aggregation

(b) Non-contiguous carrier aggregation

Copyright 2011 Agilent Technologies

Downlink Multiple Access Scheme with CA

One transport block is mapped within

Parallel-type transmission for multi-CC

Cross-carrier scheduling is possible

DL control channels (such as PDCCH,

LTE-A Enhancement #2: Uplink Multiple Access Scheme

Uplink adopts Clustered DFT

(a) Contiguous subcarriers allocation

support dynamic switching between Rel.8 single

Simultaneous PUCCH and PUSCH transmission

(b) non-contiguous subcarriers allocation

Copyright 2011 Agilent Technologies

Uplink Multiple Access Scheme with CA

Achieve wider bandwidth by

Uplink PUSCH Processing in LTE-Advanced

Figure (a) shows the same channel coding

Code block segmentation

Data and control multiplexing

Data arrives to the coding unit in the form of a

(a) Transport channel processing for UL-SCH

(b) Overview of uplink physical channel processing

Copyright 2011 Agilent Technologies

LTE-A Enhancement #3: multiple antenna transmission

Enhanced Downlink MIMO Transmission Scheme

(a) CRS-based MIMO

(b) DM-RS-based MIMO

CSI reference signals (CSI-RS)

Copyright 2011 Agilent Technologies

LTE-Advanced MIMO Channel Model

LTE-Advanced MIMO Channel Model

The channel from Tx antenna element s to Rx element u for cluster n

Copyright 2011 Agilent Technologies

LTE-Advanced MIMO Channel Model (contd)